Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ON
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF CENTRAL BANK OF INDIA
SUBMITTED TO:
GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPASTH UNIVERSITY
In partial fulfilment of the requirement
For the award of the degree of
BACHELORS OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
2012-2015
SUBMITTED TO
SUBMITTED BY
MS DEEPTI GAUR
ABHISHEK CHAWLA
Enrolment No:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The present work is an effort throws some light on Financial Analysis of CENTRAL
BANK OF INDIA. The work would not have been possible to come to the present shape
without the able guidance, supervision and help to me by number of people.
With deep sense of gratitude I acknowledge the encouragement and guidance receive by
DEEPTI GAUR (Faculty Guide)
I convey my affection to all those people who helped and supported me during the course, for
completion of my Project Report.
ABHISHEK CHAWLA
BBA (3TH sem)
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that ABHISHEK CHAWLA has successfully completed the research
Project titled Financial Analysis of CENTRAL BANK OF INDIA as the partial
fulfilment of the requirement for the award degree of Bachelor of
Business Administration
To best of my knowledge the report is original and has not been copied or submitted
anywhere else. It is an independent work done by him.
DEEPTI GAUR
(Faculty Guide)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
S.No.
CONTENTS
PAGE NO.
COVER PAGE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CERTIFICATE
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2
2.1
STATEMENT RESEARCH
2.2
DATA COLLECTION
10
10
2.3
2.4
11
11
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
12
3.1
13-14
3.2
1517
COMPANY PROFILE
18
4.1
HISTORY
4.2
19
4.3
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
20
4.4
4.5
19
21-22
2
3-24
5
6
6.1
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE
FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS
GENERAL FINDINGS
25-28
29
30-60
CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
61
7.1
SUGGETIONS
62
7.2
CONCLUTION
63
BIBLOGRAPHY
64
65-72
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY
This study is mainly focused to examine the overall financial viability of CENTRAL BANK OF INDIA as
stated below:
It is beneficial to the top management of the banks by providing crystal-clear picture regarding to the
The information used is primarily from historical reports available to the public and the same doesnt
CHAPTER-2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This project Financial Analysisis based on the information collected from the annual reports and balance
sheets of the company.
According to Kennedy and Muller
The
analysis
and
interpretation
of
financial
statements
reveal
each
and
every
aspect
regarding the well being financial soundness, operational efficiency and credit worthiness of the company.
PRIMARY DATA:
Primary data are those, which are collected are fresh and for the first time, and thus happen to be original in
character. Primary Data has been collected by conducting surveys through Questionnaire, which include
both open ended and close-ended Questions.
SECONDARY DATA:
Secondary data have been the sources of data. The major source of secondary data was annual report of
central bank of India for years 2012-13, 2013-14 and 2014-2015 from of the comparative balance sheet of
the company.
These are sources containing data which have been collected and compiled of or another purpose. The
secondary sources consists of readily available compendia and already compiled statistical statements and
reports whose data
may
be
used
by
census reports,
annual
reports and financial statements of companies, statistical statements, reports of government departments,
annual reports on currency and finance published by the reserve bank of India.
10
1. Ratio Analysis
2. Comparative balance sheet
11
CHAPTER -3
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
12
The Indian banking industry is a key driving force of the Indian economy and the most dominant segment
of the financial sector. Banks in India are classified into commercial banks comprising: 1) scheduled
commercial banks (SCBs) and non-scheduled commercial banks; and 2) co-operative credit institutions that
include various co-operative banks. SCBs are further classified into public sector banks (PSBs), private
banks, foreign banks and regional rural banks (RRBs).
Financial sector reforms since the early 1990s have resulted in a competitive, healthy and resilient banking
system. Looking back over the past 20 years, there have been massive changes in the banking sector, which
have completely changed the nature of intermediation, the range of products and services available and the
intensity of competition. This has been in sync with the overall development of the economy.
India has grown significantly from a ` 5.15 trillion economy in 1991 to ` 73.1 trillion in FY11 (a CAGR of
14.2%). Aggregate deposits of SCBs have grown at a CAGR of 17.9% during 1991-2011 to ` 52.1 trillion in
FY11. Bank lending is a significant driver of the economy and has grown at a CAGR of 19.3% during
1991- 2011 to ` 39.4 trillion. Deposits/GDP rose from 37.4% in 1991 to 71.3% in 2011. Similarly, bank
credit/GDP has grown from 22.6% in 1991 to 53.9% in FY11. Bank credit to commercial sector increased
from 30.3% of GDP in 1990 to 57.6% in 2011. Bank offices in India have grown at a CAGR of 2% during
1991-2010 to 87,768 bank offices in 2010 from 60,220 offices in 1991.
The average population coverage by a commercial bank branch in urban areas improved from 12,300 as on
Jun 30, 2005 to 9,400 as on Jun 30, 2010 and in rural and semi urbanareas from 17,200 as on Jun 30, 2005
to 15,900 as on Jun 30, 2010. The all India weighted average improved from 15,500 to 13,400.
13
Though, the Indian banking system has made impressive strides in resource mobilization, geographical and
functional reach, financial viability, profitability and competitiveness; vast segments of the population,
especially the underprivileged sections of the society, have still no access to formal banking services.
With regard to financial access and penetration, India ranks low when compared with the OECD countries.
India offered 6.33 branches per 100,000 persons whereas OECD countries provided for 23-45 branches per
100,000 people in 2009. For India, the number of branches and ATMs per 100,000 persons has increased to
7.13 and 5.07 in 2010.
14
3.2
Nationalized Banks
Vijaya Bank
P.N.B
Dena bank
Allahabad Bank
P & S Bank
Co-operative Banks
Private Ltd. Banks
-
HDFC Bank
ICICI Bank
The banking system, largely, comprises of scheduled banks (banks that are listed under the Second Schedule
of the RBI Act, 1934). Unscheduled banks form a very small component (function in the form of Local Area
Bank). Scheduled banks are further classified into commercial and cooperative banks, with the basic
difference in their holding pattern. Cooperative banks are cooperative credit institutions that are registered
under the Cooperative Societies Act and work according to the cooperative principles of mutual assistance.
15
The share of nationalised banks in aggregate deposits mobilised by the commercial banks dipped marginally
to 52.3% as of end June'12, down from 52.7%, in the year ago period, data from Reserve Bank of India
showed. State Bank and its associates improved their share marginally to 22.2% from 22.1% .
As for credit, both nationalised banks and the State Bank group lost market share marginally to 51.3%
( 51.7%) and 22.2% ( 22.5%) respectively, RBI said in its Quarterly Statistics on Deposits and Credit of
Scheduled Commercial Banks: June 2012.
RBI data said that the share of private sector banks in deposits and credit stood at 18.2% and 18.9%
respectively as of end June'12.
The data in the quarterly statistics also indicates that the top hundred centres, arranged according to the size
of deposits accounted for 68.7 per cent of the total deposits and the top hundred centres arranged according
to the size of bank credit accounted for 78.0 per cent of gross bank credit.
The credit-deposit ratio of all banks as on June 29, 2012 stood at 76.7 per cent. At the bank group level, C-D
ratio of foreign banks was 88.7% , new private sector banks was at 80.9% and SBI and its associates was
76.8 % was higher than the all-India average.
16
17
CHAPTER 4
COMPANY PROFILE
18
4.1 History
Established in 1911, Central Bank of India was the first Indian commercial bankWhich was wholly owned
and managed by Indians? The establishment of the Bankwas the ultimate realization of the dream of Sir
Sorabji Pochkhanawala, founder ofThe Bank. Sir Pherozesha Mehta was the first Chairman of a truly '
Swadeshi Bank'.In fact, such was the extent of pride felt by Sir Sorabji Pochkhanawala that he proclaimed
Central Bank of India asthe'property of the nation and the country'sAsset'. He also added that 'Central Bank
of India lives on people's faith and regards Itself as the people's own bank'.Using the past 99 years of history
the Bank has weathered many storms and faced many challenges. The Bank could successfully transform
every threat into business opportunity and excelled over its peers in the Banking industry. Central Bank of
India has approached the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for permission to open representative offices in five
locations - Singapore, Dubai, Doha, London and Hong Kong. This is the first time the bank is venturing an
independent overseas foray after the Sethia scam in the 1970s forced the bank to close down its London
office. RBI had then asked the other two banks, who had operations in London, to close down. As on 31
March 2011, the bank's reserves and surplus stood at 6,868.85 crore. Its total business at the end of the last
fiscal amounted to 2, 09, 757.33 crore. The bank had a staff strength of 37,241 as on Nov 2006.
During the past 102 years of history the Bank has weathered many storms and faced many challenges.
The Bank could successfully transform every threat into business opportunity and excelled over its
Peers in the Banking industry.
19
To emerge as a strong, vibrant and pro-active Bank/Financial Super Market and to positively contribute to
the emerging needs of the economy through consistent harmonization of human, financial and technological
resources and effective risk control systems.
To transform the customer banking experience into a fruitful and enjoyable one.
To leverage technology for efficient and effective delivery of all banking services.
The pan-India spread of branches across all the state of the country will be utilized to further the socio
economic objective of the Government of India with emphasis on Financial Inclusion.
To know the factors which influence a customer t select a particular institution for home loan.
To know the satisfaction level of customer regarding home loan policy of bank.
A number of innovative and unique banking activities have been launched by Central Bank of India and a
brief mention of some of its pioneering services are as under:
1921 Introduction to the Home Savings Safe Deposit Scheme to build
saving/thrift habits in all sections of the society.
1924 An Exclusive Ladies Department to cater to the Bank's women clientele.
1926 Safe Deposit Locker facility and Rupee Travellers' Cheques.
1929 Setting up of the Executor and Trustee Department.
1932 Deposit Insurance Benefit Scheme.
1962 Recurring Deposit Scheme.
Subsequently, even after the nationalization of the Bank in the year 1969, Central Bank continued to
introduce a number of innovative banking services as under:
1976 The Merchant Banking Cell was established.
1980 Central card, the credit card of the Bank was introduced.
1986 'Platinum Jubilee Money Back Deposit Scheme' was launched.
1989 The housing subsidiary Cent Bank Home Finance Ltd. was started with
its headquarters at Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh.
1994 Quick Cheque Collection Service (QCC) & Express Service was set up to
enable speedy collection of outstation cheques.
extension counters along with satellite branches at various centers throughout the length and breadth of the
country.
Customer satisfaction is one of the formidable challenges in marketing of services in banking industry in our
country. The thrust on customer service has increased after liberalization of Indian economy. Customer
satisfaction is an urgent need of the hour. This can be achieved by efficient customer service and immediate
tactful handling of customers grievances. Better customer-management relationship leads to customer
Satisfaction and a good public image is to win over the customers. Hence, public relations should be one of
the strategies to achieve customer satisfaction. Banking system has a significant role to play in the rapid
growth of the economy. Effectiveness of Banking system depends upon the customers satisfaction and in fact
customer is the kingpin of the banking industry. No industry can afford to ignore its customers and banks are
required to give top priority in providing satisfactory and efficient service to their customers. The purpose of
this paper was to study the actual level of customer satisfaction in four commercial Banks in Jammu and to
make a comparative analysis of the level of customer satisfaction through five point linker scale. Study has
revealed that customers are highly satisfied with the employees and the management of the banks.
Comparative analysis of level of customer satisfaction in four banks shows that employees in the Central
Bank of India are the most satisfied lot. The paper provides an opportunity to the employees of the all the
four banks to understand the requirement of providing prompt and quality service to their customers. Effort
should be made to raise the level of customers satisfaction amongst all the Banks.
Central Bank is a small bank, still its customers are most satisfied i.e. 3.30.
Catg.II
Attitude
towards
Catg.III
Attitude
towards
23
Agerage
Mean Score
Employees
Managemen
t
2.92
3.96
3.04
3.31
B=8
3.18
3.01
3.04
S=6
3.51
3.55
3.67
P=6
3.25
3.28
3.19
Avg,Mea 3.31
3.28
3.30
n Score
*B- Businessmen. S- Service Class. P- Practitioners.
This when compared to actual averages shown by different categories of customers, it becomes clear from
the table under reference that it is higher than those of businessmen responses (3.04) and practitioners (3.9)
but lower than that of service class (3.67).
Above Table further shows that comparing the variable wise position of the bank regarding First variable i.e.
attitude towards Bank, overall average (3.31) is higher than that of businessmen and practitioners (3.25)
while lower than service class.. It clarifies the fact that businessmen and practitioners are more satisfied with
the bank. Same is the position regarding variable attitude towards management i.e. (3.31).
As regards third category i.e. attitude towards management overall mean is lower than that of service class
customers (3.96) and higher than in case of practitioners (3.04) very poor response has been shown by
businessmen as clear from the below average mean score of 2.92 second variable i.e. attitude towards
employees shows lowest mean score of 3.28 which is lower than that of service class customers (3.55) but
higher than that of businessmen (3.01). It is equal to that of practitioners (3.28).
24
CHAPTER 5
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE
25
1. RATIO ANALYSIS
Ratio analysis is a powerful tool of financial analysis.
The relationship between two accounting figures, expressed mathematically, is known as a financial ratio (or
simply as a ratio). Ratios help to summaries large quantities of financial and to make Qualitative
judgment about the firms financial performance.
It refers to the systematic use of ratios to interpret the financial statements in terms of the operating
performance and financial position of a firm. It involves comparison for a meaningful interpretation of the
financial statements.
Types of Ratios:
Several ratios, calculated from the accounting data, can be grouped into various classes according to
financial activity or function to be evaluated. In view of the requirements of the various users of ratios, we
may classify them into the following four important categories:
Proprietary ratios
Liquidity Ratios
Profitability ratios
Activity Ratios
Ratio Analysis is a form of Financial Statement Analysis that is used to obtain a quick indication of a firm's
financial performance in several key areas. The ratios are categorized as Short-term Solvency Ratios, Debt
Management Ratios, Asset Management Ratios, Profitability Ratios, and Market Value Ratios.
Ratio Analysis as a tool possesses several important features. The data, which are provided by financial
statements, are readily available. The computation of ratios facilitates the comparison of firms which differ
in size. Ratios can be used to compare a firm's financial performance with industry averages. In addition,
ratios can be used in a form of trend analysis to identify areas where performance has improved or
deteriorated over time. Because Ratio Analysis is based upon accounting information, its effectiveness is
limited by the distortions which arise in financial statements due to such things as Historical Cost
Accounting and inflation. Therefore, Ratio Analysis should only be used as a first step in financial analysis,
to obtain a quick indication of a firm's performance and to identify areas which need to be investigated
further.
26
1. Proprietary Ratios:
A strong short-as well as long-term financial position. To judge the long-term financial position of the
firm, proprietary ratios or capital structure ratios are calculated. These ratios indicate mix of
funds provided by owners and lenders. As a general rule, there should be an appropriate mix of debt and
owners` equity in financing the firms assets. The process of magnifying the shareholders` return through
the use of debt is called financial leverage or financial gearing or trading on equity.
The following are some of the proprietary ratios:
1. Debt-Equity Ratio
2. Proprietary Ratio
3. Debt-Equity Ratio (Long-Term)
2. Liquidity Ratios
It is extremely for a firm to be able to meet its obligations as they become due.Liquidity ratios
measure the ability of the firm to meet its current obligations (liabilities). The failure of a company to meet
its obligations due to lack of sufficient liquidity, will result in poor credit worthiness, loss of creditors`
confidence, or even in legal tangles resulting in the closure of the company. A very high degree of liquidity
is also bad; idle assets earn nothing. The firms funds will be unnecessarily tied up in current
assets. Therefore, it is necessary to strike a proper balance between high liquidity and lack of liquidity. The
most common ratios, which indicate the extent of liquidity or lack of it, are:
1. Current Ratio
2. Quick Ratio
27
3. Profitability Ratios:
A company should earn profits to survive and grow over a long period of time. Profits are essential, but it
would be wrong to assume that every action initiated by management of a company should be aimed at
maximizing profits, irrespective of concerns for customers, employees, suppliers or social consequences.
Profit is the difference between revenues and expenses over a period of time (usually one year). Profit is the
ultimate output of a company, and it will have no future if it fails to make sufficient profits. Therefore, the
financial manager should continuously evaluate the efficiency of the company in term of profits.
Funds of creditors and owners are invested in various assets to generate sales and profits. The better the
management of assets, the larger the amount of sales.
Activity ratios are employed to evaluate the efficiency with which the firm manages and utilizes its
assets. These ratios are also called turnover ratios. They are:
COMPARATIVE STATEMENT:
28
Comparative statements are financial statements that cover a different time frame, but are formatted in a
manner that makes comparing line items from one period to those of a different period an easy process.
Many companies make use of standardized formats in accounting functions that make the generation of a
comparative statement quick and easy.
29
Accountants prepare financial statements at the end of each period. These include the balance sheet, the
income statement and the statement of cash flows. Financial analysts and managers use these financial
statements to analyse the companys activities over the period. Financial statement users incorporate a
variety of tools to analyse the financial results. These include calculating ratios or using comparative
statements. Comparative statements provide several advantages not included in the standard financial
statement
30
CHAPTER 6
FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS
31
Liquidity Ratios
It is extremely for a firm to be able to meet its obligations as they become due .Liquidity ratios
measure the ability of the firm to meet its current obligations (liabilities). The failure of a company to meet
its obligations due to lack of sufficient liquidity, will result in poor credit worthiness, loss of creditors`
confidence, or even in legal tangles resulting in the closure of the company. A very high degree of liquidity
is also bad; idle assets earn nothing. The firms funds will be unnecessarily tied up in current
assets. Therefore, it is necessary to strike a proper balance between high liquidity and lack of liquidity. The
most common ratios, which indicate the extent of liquidity or lack of it, are:
1. Current Ratio
2. Quick Ratio
32
1. CURRENT RATIO:
YEAR
CURRENT
ASSETS
CURRENT
LIABILITIES
RATIO
1772.19
1558.23
1.14
1838.02
1641.45
1.12
2028.13
1739.24
1.17
201213
201314
201415
Current Ratio
1.18
1.16
1.14
1.12
1.1
1.08
Current Ratio
2012-2013
2013-2014
2014-2015
33
An indicator of a companys short-term liquidity. The quick ratio measures a companys ability to
meet its short-term obligations with its most liquid assets
QUICK RATIO =
CURRENT ASSETSINVESTORS
CURRENT LIABILITES
OR
QUICK ASSETS
CURRENT LIABILITES
YEAR
QUICK
ASSETS
CURRENT
LIABILITIES
RATIO
2012-13
983.05
1558.2 3
0.63
2013-14
1026.27
1641.45
0.62
2014-15
1288.89
173 9.24
0. 74
Quick Ratio
0.75
0.7
Quick Ratio
0.65
0.6
0.55
2012-2013
2013-2014
34
2014-2015
The higher the Quick ratio indicates the ability of a firm is liquid and has the ability to meet its current
liabilities in time. The companys quick ratio is almost equal to standard ratio 1:1 in the year 2014-15 i.e
0.74, but in 2012-13 i.e. 0.63 and 2013-14 i.e. 0.62 it is not equal to ideal ratio.
The Debt-Equity measures the long term financial solvency of a business concern. This ratio is viewed as
indicating the relative proportion of debt amends equity in financing the assets of the business unit. Debtequity (DE) ratio is directly computed by dividing total debt by net worth:
Total Debt
equity shareholders
YEAR
DEBT
EQUITY
RATIO
2012-13
214.4
615.83
0.35
2013-14
226.97
620.54
0.37
2014-15
182.61
694.06
0.26
3
2
1
0
2012-2013
2013-2014
2014-2015
the greater the risk to the creditors.The above graph shows a mixed trend during last three years. Though the
proportionate variation during last two previous years was very high it is due to high amount of debt taken.
The result is favourable for the company.
4. PROPRIETARY RATIO:
This is a variant of the debt-to-equity ratio. It is also known as equity ratio or net worth to total assets ratio.
This ratio relates the shareholder's funds to total assets. Proprietary / Equity ratio indicates the long-term or
future solvency position of the business.
Proprietary Ratio = Shareholders funds / Total Assets
or
Proprietary Ratio = Shareholders' equity / Total tangible assets
YEAR
SHAREHOLDERS FUND
TOTLA
ASSETS
RATIO
2012-13
615.83
2388.46
0.26
2013-14
620.54
2488.96
0.25
2014-15
694.54
2615.91
0.26
Proprietary Ratio
0.27
0.26
Proprietary Ratio
0.26
0.25
0.25
2012-2013
2013-2014
2014-2015
36
Higher the ratio better is the position. From the analysis proprietary ratio was changes in every year, 20122013, 2013-2014 & 2014-2015 were 0.26, 0, 25 & 0.26. Though proprietary ratio decreased in
proportionately increase in total assets has been more. This in dictates the firm quite satisfactory.
YEAR
Net Sales
Assets
SALES
FIXED
ASSETS
RATIO
2012-13
642.36
813.23
1.29
2013-14
650.29
847.51
1.3
2014-15
580.22
876.67
1.51
2012-2013
2013-2014
2014-2015
37
A company should earn profits to survive and grow over a long period of time. Profits are essential, but it
would be wrong to assume that every action initiated by management of a company should be aimed at
maximizing profits, irrespective of concerns for customers, employees, suppliers or social consequences.
Profit is the difference between revenues and expenses over a period of time (usually one year). Profit is the
ultimate output of a company, and it will have no future if it fails to make sufficient profits. Therefore, the
financial manager should continuously evaluate the efficiency of the company in term of profits.
38
Gross profit ratio (GP ratio) is a profitability ratio that shows the relationship between gross profit and
total net sales revenue. It is a popular tool to evaluate the operational performance of the business. The ratio
is computed by dividing the gross profit figure by net sales.
Gross Profit Ratio =
Gross Profit
Net Sales
OR
YEAR
GROSS
PROFIT
Gross Profit
X 100
Net Sales
SALES
RATIO
2012-13
695.58
3438.12
23.14%
2013-14
670.25
3643.03
18.40%
2014-15
899.54
4268.21
21.07%
39
15
10
5
0
2012-2013
2013-2014
2014-2015
Net profit is obtained when operating expenses, interest and taxes are subtracted from the gross profit. The
ratio establishes a relationship between net profit and sales and indicates managements efficiency in
manufacturing, administrating and selling the products. This ratio is the overall measure of the firms ability
to turn each rupee sales into net profit. If the net margin is inadequate, the firm will fail to achieve
satisfactory return on owners equity.
Net profit ratio =
YEAR
NET PROFIT
SALES
RATIO
2012-13
154.08
3438.12
4.40%
2013-14
90.21
3643.03
2.48%
2014-15
165.11
4268.21
3.87%
40
2012-2013
2013-2014
2014-2015
8. OPERATING RATIO:
Operating profit is the profit which is earned by the companys core activities. This ratio expresses the
relationship
between
operating
profit
and
sales.
It
is
worked
out
by
dividing operating profit by net sales. With the help of this ratio, one can judge the managerial efficiency
which may not be reflected in the net profit ratio.
Operating ratio =
YEAR
OPERATING
PORFIT
Operating Expenses
Net Sales
SALES
41
RATIO
2012-13
2642.54
3438.12
76.86%
2013-14
2972.78
3643.03
81.60%
2014-15
3368.67
4268.21
78.92%
Operating Ratio
82
80
Operating Ratio
78
76
74
2012-2013
2013-2014
2014-2015
9. RETURN ON ASSETS:
The return on assets (ROA) percentage shows how profitable a company's assets are in generating revenue.
YEAR
PROFIT
AFTER TAX
2012-13
154.08
2013-14
90.21
2014-15
165.11
42
AVERAGE
ASSTES
RETURN
ON ASSETS
2388.46
6.45%
1825.1
4.95%
1951.58
8.46%
Return On Assets
10
8
6
4
2
0
Return On Assets
2012-2013
2013-2014
2014-2015
If the actual ratio is 10% or more, it is an indication of higher productivity of the total resources. On the
other hand, a return of less than 10% is an indication of lower productivity of the resources. The above
calculation indicates a downward trend of return on total resources, which indicates the less proportionate
increasing productivity. This higher percentage helps in optimizing the total assets of the company and the
company has been able to maintain efficient realizable assets in comparison to the production capacity.
Though there is a decreasing trend, but still the ratio compared to others in the same industry is very high
therefore it indicates the higher efficiency of the firm.
4. Activity Ratios:
Funds of creditors and owners are invested in various assets to generate sales and profits. The better the
management of assets, the larger the amount of sales.
Activity ratios are employed to evaluate the efficiency with which the firm manages and utilizes its
assets. These ratios are also called turnover ratios. They are:
YEAR
SALES
Total Sales
Capital Employed
CAPITAL
EMPLOYED
RATIO
2012-13
3438.12
830.23
4.14%
2013-14
3643.03
847 .51
4.30%
2014-15
4268. 21
876.6 7
4.87%
44
4.5
4
3.5
2012-2013
2013-2014
2014-2015
The Management of ABC Co utilizes the fixed assets effectively in generating more years.
YEAR
SALES
Net Sales
Assets
FIXED
ASSETS
RATIO
2012-13
3438.12
642.26
5.35%
2013-14
3643.03
650.29
5.60%
2014-15
4268.21 45
587.22
7.26%
4
2
0
2012-2013
2013-2014
2014-2015
INTERPRETATION:
This ratio measures the efficiency of the assets use. The efficient use of assets will generate greater sales per
rupee invested in all the assets of a concern. In the year of 2012 to 2015 fixed assets turnover ratio were
5.35, 5.60 & 7.26% respectively. To conclude that the fixed assets measures efficiency of the assets
used properly.
YEAR
SALES
NET WORKING
CAPITAL
RATIO
2012-13
3438.12
213.96
16.06%
2013-14
3643.03
236.96
15.38%
2014-15
4268.21
288.89
14.7 7%
Total Sales
Working Capital
15.5
15
14.5
14
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
47
Stock turnover ratio / Inventory turnover ratio indicates the number of time the stock has been turned
over during the period and evaluates the efficiency with which a firm is able to manage its inventory.
YEAR
COST OF
GOODS
SOLD
AVERAGE
STOCK
RATIO
2012-13
2642.54
782.47
3.38%
2013-14
2972.78
797.11
3.73%
2014-15
3368.67
775.115
4.35%
3
2
1
0
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
Be an indicator of favourably results. It may be the result of a very low level of stock which results in
frequent out of stock position. Such a situation prevents the company form meeting customer demands and
the company cannot earn maximum profits. so it clearly shows that the stock turnover ratio is increasing
trend every year 2012 to 2015 it was 3.38, 3.73 & 4.35 times respectively. The stock turnover is better
position in the company
Debtors turnover ratio or accounts receivable turnover ratio indicates the velocity of debt collection of a
firm. In simple words it indicates the number of times average debtors (receivable) are turned over during a
year.
YEAR
NET
CREDIT
SALES
AVERAGE
DEBTORS
DEBTORS
VELOCITY
2012-13
3438.12
730.58
77 days
2013-14
3643.03
725.49
73 days
2014-15
4268.21
792.5
67 days
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
PARTICULARS
LIABILITIES
1)
3)
4)
5)
(Rs in lacs)
31-3-2014
31-3-2015
189.28
123.76
185.37
189.28
148.76
150.01
117.42
132.49
189.28
198.76
116.67
189.35
189.35
615.83
620.54
694.06
116.13
71.17
27.1
97.54
96.47
32.96
61.27
96.47
24.87
214.4
226.97
182.61
548.79
536.4
596.02
40.52
43.16
63.21
34.26
44.06
44.29
24.96
59.72
63.16
66.43
45.38
Interest payable/Dep/Deb
54.72
55.25
39.87
Others C-Liabilities
Sub Total
285.7
1558.23
319.13
1641.45
359.29
1739.24
Grand Total
2388.46
2488.96
2615.91
31-3-2013
50
ASSETS
Fixed Assets
Gross block
less: Depreciation
31-3-2013
31-3-2014
31-3-2015
1470.15
828.39
1575.21
924.92
1599.21
1012.05
Net Block
642.26
650.29
587.22
Sub Total
642.26
650.29
587.22
0.58
0.65
0.65
Sub total
0.58
0.65
0.65
Current Assets
Raw-Materials- Imp
Indag
Work in progress
Finished goods
Stores & Spares
245.53
98.6
33.28
321.79
82.94
108.28
159.19
57.21
401.59
85.48
78.03
222.9
64.89
273.79
99.62
130.85
573.15
69.22
651.18
62.19
802.42
305.87
424.1
1838.02
2488.96
2028.13
2615.91
Capital WIP
Advances for capital goods
Debtors(<6months)
Export
Local
Debtors(>6months)
Export
local
Loans and advances
Loans to supplies
Deposits
Cash & Bank Balances
26.58
129.36
129.36
Sub total
Grand Total
1772.19
2388.46
31
99.31
(Rs In lacs)
Gross Sales
domestic Sales
Export sales
31-3-2013
2803.11
934.22
31-3-2014
3127.69
875.3
31-3-2015
3879.55
874.71
total
less: excise duty
Net sales
3737.33
299.21
3438.12
4002.49
359.96
3643.03
4754.26
486.05
4268.21
661.83
1353.82
754.27
1426.46
cost of sales
raw materials
Imported
Indigenous
1547.23
other spares
Power & fuel
Direct labour
Repairs and maintenance
136.99
284.16
506.74
86.22
292.28
642.24
334.82
642.93
75.22
58.53
10.18
62.58
1.77
67.12
sub total
add opening WIP
Less closing
2695.09
32.58
29.34
3022.93
29.34
57.21
3277.37
57.21
64.84
cost of production
add opting stock of FG
less Closing stock FG
2698.33
269.74
325.53
2995.06
308.51
330.79
3269.69
330.79
231.81
Cost of Sales
2642.54
2972.78
3368.67
Gross Profit
795.58
670.25
899.54
selling gen-adm-expences
490.29
454.69
557.86
interest
sub total
operating Profit
add: other income
profit before tax
provision for taxes
94.74
585.03
210.55
38.83
249.34
95.26
114.42
569.11
101.14
53.3
154.44
64.23
113.27
171.13
228.41
60.03
288.44
123.23
Net P & L
154.08
90.21
165.11
INTERPRETATIONS:
For the year of (2013 & 2014)
52
INCOME STATEMENT:
The net sales were 3438.12 2012-2013.
Profit before tax is 249.34 year.
Net profit & loss is 154.08 is 2013-2014
INCOME STATEMENT:
INTERPRETATION:
(From 2013-2015)
54
Debt-Equity ratio is fluctuated in each year; it decreases from 0.35 to 0.26 in the periods in between
2013-15.
Proprietary Ratio have not fluctuated in each year is 0.26-0.26
16.06 to 14.77
Gross profit of the company is fluctuating throughout the study period, and decreased in the year
Debtors turnover ratio shows a higher value has increased in 2013 -2015 from 730.58 to 792.50
3.38 to 4.35
ESTIMATION:
(FOR THE YEAR 2014)
The estimated Net Working Capital Turnover Ratio for 2013-14 is 14.77 that means in future Net
56
CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Ratio Analysis
2. Comparative balance sheet
Current assets were increasing in the year of 2013-14 & 2014-15, so the company has to take the
decision to manage the current Ratio more appropriately for the next consecutive year. Higher the
ratio reflects an excess investment in current assets Otherwise its effects working capital.
Gross profit and Net profit have decreased in the year 2013-14 & so do 2014-15. So management has
to take the decision to improve the profitability of the concern as it needs to be maintained
throughout.
Debt equity ratio and shareholders funds are not properly leveraged because outside liabilities are
increasing gradually. This may in future affect liquidity position of the bank. So management should
will be increased.
The Working Capital turnover ratio shows a Fluctuating balances. The company must try to assess
7.2 CONCLUSION
During the course of the project at Central Bank of India I had the opportunity to view five case studies,
wherein the business firms had submitted application for various credit facilities. The financial statements of
the said five firms were taken up for studies to analyses and understand how banks conduct performance
analysis of their clients for the purpose of taking credit decisions.
From the above analysis it is understood that the clients of the bank submit financial statements for at least a
period of last 3 years along with application form requesting various credit facilities like working capital
limits, term loan, etc.
58
o The current ratio of Central bank of india was maximum in the year in the 2014-15 which was 1.17
followed by 2013-14 which was 1.12 and 1.14 in 2012-2013 and the quick ratio was 0.63 in the year
2012-13 and in the following year it reduced to 0.62 in 2013-14 it was 0.74 in 2014-2015 This
mainly because of high realization of sundry debtors on increase in C-liabilities and comparative
decreases in cash and bank balance. Hence the concern is a position to pay its short term liabilities.
o The debt-equity ratio of Central Bank Of India during the year 2012-2013, 2013-2014, 2014-2015
was 0.35, 0.37, 0.26. Proprietary ratio in the 3 years was 0.26, 0.25, and 0.25. So it is concluded that
the solvency position is not very good. If debt equity ratio is high, the owners are putting up
relatively less money of their own. It is a danger signal for the creditors. If the project should fail
financially, the creditors would lose heavily. The greater the ratio, the greater the risk to the creditors.
The above graph shows a mixed trend during last three years. Though the proportionate variation
during last two previous years was very high it is due to high amount of debt taken. The result is
favourable for the bank.
o Profitability ratios i.e. operating ratio , gross profit ratio and net profit ratio for the years 2012-13,
2013-14 , 2014-15 are : gross profit ratio : 23.14% , 18.40% , 21.07%
2.48% 3.87% , operating ratio :
o Stock turnover ratio: It indicates that more sales are being produced by each rupee of investment in
stock but it may not always, be an indicator of favourably results. It may be the result of a very low
level of stock which results in frequent out of stock position. Such a situation prevents the bank form
meeting customer demands and the bank cannot earn maximum profits. so it clearly shows that the
stock turnover ratio is increasing trend every year 2012 to 2015 it was 3.38, 3.73 & 4.35 times
respectively. The stock turnover is better position in the bank.
o
BIBLIOGRAPHY
M. PANDEY (2005), Financial Management, ninth edition Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
S. N. MAHESWARI (2006), Financial and Management Accounting, fifth edition, Sultan
Chand & Sons, New Delhi.
C. R. KOTHARI, Research Methodology and Techniques. Second edition, New Agency
International Pvt. Ltd.
BAKER. R .P & HOW WELL. A.C, The Preparation of Reports, New York Ronald Press.
S.P. GUPTA (1995), Statistical Methods", Sultan Chand & Co. New Delhi.
59
www.parleagro.com
www.parleproducts.com
www.google.com (For definitions and Images)
www.dare.co.in
www.hrera.com
Www.wikipedia.com
PARTICULARS
LIABILITIES
1)
3)
4)
5)
(Rs in lacs)
31-3-2013
31-3-2014
31-3-2015
189.28
123.76
185.37
189.28
148.76
150.01
117.42
132.49
189.28
198.76
116.67
189.35
189.35
sub total
615.83
620.54
694.06
Term liabilities
term loans-Banks
Term loans-FI
Deposits payable after -one year
116.13
71.17
97.54
96.47
61.27
96.47
60
32.96
24.87
214.4
226.97
182.61
548.79
536.4
596.02
40.52
43.16
63.21
34.26
44.06
44.29
24.96
59.72
63.16
66.43
45.38
Interest payable/Dep/Deb
54.72
55.25
39.87
Others C-Liabilities
Sub Total
285.7
1558.23
319.13
1641.45
359.29
1739.24
Grand Total
2388.46
2488.96
2615.91
ASSETS
Fixed Assets
Gross block
less: Depreciation
31-3-2013
31-3-2014
31-3-2015
1470.15
828.39
1575.21
924.92
1599.21
1012.05
Net Block
642.26
650.29
587.22
Sub Total
642.26
650.29
587.22
0.58
0.65
0.65
Sub total
0.58
0.65
0.65
Current Assets
Raw-Materials- Imp
Indag
245.53
98.6
108.28
159.19
78.03
222.9
sub Total
current Liabilities
Bank borrowings
borrowings-associates
Directors
Others
Deposits from dealers
Adv payment from Dealers
Provision for tax
dividend
Others
27.1
Capital WIP
Advances for capital goods
61
Work in progress
Finished goods
Stores & Spares
Debtors(<6months)
Export
Local
Debtors(>6months)
Export
33.28
321.79
82.94
57.21
401.59
85.48
64.89
273.79
99.62
130.85
573.15
69.22
651.18
62.19
802.42
305.87
424.1
1838.02
2488.96
2028.13
2615.91
local
Loans and advances
Loans to supplies
Deposits
Cash & Bank Balances
26.58
129.36
129.36
Sub total
Grand Total
1772.19
2388.46
31
99.31
31-3-2013
2803.11
934.22
31-3-2014
3127.69
875.3
31-3-2015
3879.55
874.71
total
less: excise duty
Net sales
3737.33
299.21
3438.12
4002.49
359.96
3643.03
4754.26
486.05
4268.21
661.83
1353.82
754.27
1426.46
cost of sales
raw materials
Imported
Indigenous
1547.23
other spares
Power & fuel
Direct labour
Repairs and maintenance
136.99
284.16
506.74
86.22
292.28
642.24
334.82
642.93
75.22
58.53
10.18
62.58
1.77
67.12
62
sub total
add opening WIP
Less closing
2695.09
32.58
29.34
3022.93
29.34
57.21
3277.37
57.21
64.84
cost of production
add opting stock of FG
less Closing stock FG
2698.33
269.74
325.53
2995.06
308.51
330.79
3269.69
330.79
231.81
Cost of Sales
2642.54
2972.78
3368.67
Gross Profit
795.58
670.25
899.54
selling gen-adm-expences
490.29
454.69
557.86
interest
sub total
operating Profit
add: other income
profit before tax
provision for taxes
94.74
585.03
210.55
38.83
249.34
95.26
114.42
569.11
101.14
53.3
154.44
64.23
113.27
171.13
228.41
60.03
288.44
123.23
Net P & L
154.08
90.21
165.11
63