International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)

Volume 6, Issue 9, Sep 2015, pp. 94-101, Article ID: IJMET_06_09_009

Available online at
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JTypeIJMET&VType=6&IType=9
ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359
IAEME Publication

ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY SOLAR ROOF

TOP PLANT
Rajeev Kumar Sharma
General Manager in JBM Group Faridabad, Haryana, India,
Sohail Bux
Head of the Department in Mechanical Engineering,
AGNOS College of Technology, RKDF University Bhopal, India
V. K. Sethi
Vice -Chancellor of RKDF University Bhopal. India
A. C. Tiwari
Professor and Head in Department of Mechanical Engineering RGPV Bhopal, India

ABSTRACT
Solar PV cell is directly convert solar radiation in to electricity by
photovoltaic effect. Grid-connected PV systems always have a connection to
the public electricity grid via a suitable inverter because a PV module delivers
only DC power. This Paper Presents the Design Performance Analysis of a
100KW Grid Connected solar roof top PV plant. The experimental results is
obtained from software in two months in year 2015 are given. The panels are
situated at the top of the L Shape administrative building of RKDF University
Bhopal Madhya Pradesh. This experiment shows a reduction of energy
consumption and gives support to grid in night time and the whole system is
pollution free.
Key words: Solar Energy, Solar PV panels, Off Grid, Inverter, Net Metering
and Roof Top area.
Cite this Article: Rajeev Kumar Sharma, Sohail Bux, V. K. Sethi and A. C.
Tiwari, Environment Friendly Solar Roof Top Plant. International Journal of
Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 6(9), 2015, pp. 94-101.
http://www.iaeme.com/currentissue.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=6&IType=9

I. INTRODUCTION
India face energy crisis and growth rate needs to gain 9 to 10 percent .India receives
300-330 days of solar radiation whole year and used this is useful for power
generation in ground and rooftop solar plant. Roof top plant is available in different
range starting from KW to MW depending on the space available on roof of the

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Environment Friendly Solar Roof Top Plant

commercial building or residential building and condition of the roof of building.

Solar Panels is directly converted solar radiation into DC Power. This DC Power is
converted into AC Power with the help of solar inverter and excess power is feed to
local grid. In cloudy season power is taken from grid and connected by net metering
system. The main objective of present paper is to present a design of 100 KW rooftop
solar PV power systems for without battery support. The data is taken in tabular form
software of two months and show the performance curves of rooftop solar plant.

Figure 1 Grid Connected Solar Roof Top Plan

1.1. ADVANTAGES OF OFF GRID SOLAR ROOF TOP PLANT.

Have access to power continuously all the time.

Not having any scheduled or unscheduled power cuts.
No dependency on diesel
The quality of this power is superior to the regular grid power.
Investment against increasing fuel and grid charges.

1.2. APPLICATION OF SOLAR ROOF TOP PLANT IN DIFFERENT

FIELD

Hospitals.
Educational institutions.
Government offices.
Commercial buildings.
Petrol pumps.
Construction companies.
Water pumps.

1.3. SALIENT FEATURES OF OFF-GRID ROOF TOP SYSTEM:

Low and optimum maintenance cost.

Stable supply of power increases the overall efficiency of electronic components
Can effectively manage usage of power based on requirements through smart
electronics.
Batteries designed for longer life.
Minimum power loss with effectively designed DC cables and Junction boxes.

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Rajeev Kumar Sharma, Sohail Bux, V. K. Sethi and A. C. Tiwari

2. GOVERNMENT SUPPORT
Government of India launched Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) in
January 2010 with a view to accelerate development and promotion of solar energy
technologies in the country in this mission Central and state government gives subsidy
and loan of installing solar roof top plant and encourage the people of advantages,
tariff, metering system and grid integration of RTPV . MNRE has brought out pilot
scheme to promote grid connected roof top PV solar PV systems with a view through
generate feedback and further promotion in India. Role of State Governments after the
MNRE, State Governments have to decide the tariff system, feed- in - tariff system or
net metering system. For encouragement, State government may give option for both
tariff, net metering system (State government may offer additional subsidy other than
MNRE) or feed -in -tariff system. Connectivity of these projects to the grid also has to
be in accordance with the prevailing CEA guidelines or policy by the State regulators/
DISCOMs.

3. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION OF SOLAR ROOF TOP PLANT

3.1. Solar Array
India falls in Earth's tropical belt and is blessed with an average in solation of 4-7
kWh/ m2/ day. A solar panel (photovoltaic module) is a packaged, linked group of
photovoltaic cells and it is used as a component of a rooftop system to generate and
supply DC electricity. We have selected 100 kilowatts panels for our project.

Figure 1 Solar roof top Panels

3.1. Junction Box

An electrical junction box is a connecting box for solar PV modules for series and
parallel electrical connections, usually designed to conceal them from view and
tampering. A small metal or plastic connection box may form part of an electrical
conduit wiring system in a building, or may be covered in the plaster of a wall, hidden
behind an access panel or spread into concrete with only the lid showing. It also
includes terminals for combining cables.

Figure 2 Solar Junction Box

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Environment Friendly Solar Roof Top Plant

3.3. Inverter (Power Conditioning Unit)

The Power Conditioning Units (PCU) used in grid connects SPV systems consists of
an Inverter and other electronics for Maximum peak power tracking (MPPT),
Synchronization and remote monitoring. The inverter is the most complicated part of
the PV system. It has to behave as the interface between the PV array and the Grid.
As the PV array output fluctuates with the solar radiation the inverter has to cope with
the same. The major functions carried out by the PCU are as Change the incoming DC
received from PV modules into AC with suitable power quality, The Inverter creates
sinusoidal AC waves forms with low harmonic distortion, the inverter also has to act
as a protective device of the system and It requires tripping out if the voltage, current
or frequencies go beyond acceptable ranges. We used three delta solar inverter
installed in a room situated at first floor of the university building.

Figure.2 Solar Inverter

3.3. Manual/Automatic disconnect switch

It is an automatically/manually operated electrical switch designed to protect an
electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its main function
is to detect a fault condition and, by interrupting linkage, to immediately discontinue
electrical flow. This switch is installed in inverter room of university building.

3.4. Step-up transformer

The output from the inverters require a further step-up in voltage to reach the AC grid
voltage level. This is the default case with our PV power plant installation, where the
Low Tension (LT) infrastructure cannot handle the amount of power which may be
generated by the rooftop plant. The step up transformer receives the output from the
inverters to the required 11 kV grid voltage.

3.5. Grid connection interface

In our large rooftop solar PV plants the electricity is generally used for the
administrative building and remaining excess shall be exported to the grid network 11
kV voltage level. This interface is usually termed.

3.6. Protection and Controls

Inverter shall be provided with islanding protection to isolate it from the grid in case
of no supply, under voltage and over voltage conditions so that in no case there is any
chance of accident, PV systems shall be provided with adequate rating fuses, fuses on
inverter input side (DC) as well as output side (AC) side for overload and short circuit
protection and disconnecting switches to isolate the DC and AC system for

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Rajeev Kumar Sharma, Sohail Bux, V. K. Sethi and A. C. Tiwari

maintenances are needed. Fuses of adequate rating shall also be provided in each solar
array module to protect them against short circuit.
Table 1 Broad Specifications of 100 KW Roof Top Grid Connected Solar PV Plant.
1

Average Generation Per Day

500 KWh

Annual Generation

1.5 Lac Units

Carbon Foot Print Reduction

136 Tonnes CO2 Per Annum

No Of Solar Panels

339

Capacity Of Solar Panels

295 Watts

Roof Top Area

1980 Sq m

Net Metering

MP Electricity Commission
Bhopal

Table 2 Power Generation in May Month of 100 KW Roof Top Plant

Sr No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

Date
04/05/2015
05/05/2015
06/05/2015
07/05/2015
08/05/2015
09/05/2015
10/05/2015
11/05/2015
12/05/2015
13/05/2015
14/05/2015
15/05/2015
16/05/2015
17/05/2015
18/05/2015
19/05/2015
20/05/2015
21/05/2015
22/05/2015
23/05/2015
26/05/2015
27/05/2015
28/05/2015
29/05/2015
30/05/2015

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Generation KWh
453
460
475
471
449
450
464
464
454
410
255
411
Modification Work Carried Out
Modification Work Carried Out
550
527
550
503
502
500
484
497
503
516
456

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600
500
400
300
200
100
0
4/6/2015
5/6/2015
6/6/2015
7/6/2015
8/6/2015
9/6/2015
10/6/2015
11/6/2015
12/6/2015
13/6/2015
14/6/2015
15/6/2015
16/6/2015
17/06/2015
18/06/2015
19/06/2015
20/06/2015
21/06/2015
22/06/2015
23/06/2015
24/06/2015
25/06/2015
26/06/2015
27/06/2015

Power Generation in KWh

Power Genertion in KWh in May 2015

Date/Month/Year

Table 3 Power Generation in June Month of 100 KW Roof Top Solar Power Plant
Sr No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

Date
01/06/2015
02/05/2015
03/06/2015
04/06/2015
05/06/2015
06/06/2015
07/06/2015
08/06/2015
09/06/2015
10/06/2015
11/06/2015
12/06/2015
13/06/2015
14/06/2015
15/06/2015
16/06/2015
17/06/2015
18/06/2015
19/06/2015
20/06/2015
21/06/2015
22/06/2015
23/06/2015
24/06/2015
25/06/2015
26/06/2015
27/06/2015
28/06/2015
29/06/2015
30/06/2015

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Power Generation (KWh)

462
437
506
520
499
400
450
488
490
480
450
213
230
235
440
450
430
375
320
400
328
380
160
300
280
367
408
500
350
310

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Rajeev Kumar Sharma, Sohail Bux, V. K. Sethi and A. C. Tiwari

600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1/6/2015
2/5/2015
3/6/2015
4/6/2015
5/6/2015
6/6/2015
7/6/2015
8/6/2015
9/6/2015
10/6/2015
11/6/2015
12/6/2015
13/06/2015
14/06/2015
15/06/2015
16/06/2015
17/06/2015
18/06/2015
19/06/2015
20/06/2015
21/06/2015
22/06/2015
23/06/2015
24/06/2015
25/06/2015
26/06/2015
27/06/2015
28/06/2015
29/06/2015

Power Generation in KWh

Power Generation in KWh in June 2015

Day/Month/Year

4. CONCLUSION
Residential and rooftop PV will involve millions of household for generation of
electricity; it will create entrepreneurship and jobs to millions, looking to above
factors, encouragement and motivation is needed for adoption of residential rooftop
PV in India. The life of solar roof top plant is about 25-30 years with less maintaince
and pollution free than conventional system. The Central and State Government need
to come forward for providing capital subsidies, generation based incentive and
arranging soft loans.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Rajeev Kumar Sharma would like to thank the RKDF University authorities to share
the important data required for the system studies and research in the field of
Mechanical Engineering and Solar Energy engineering.

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