International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)

Volume 6, Issue 9, Sep 2015, pp. 79-92, Article ID: IJCIET_06_09_008

Available online at
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JTypeIJCIET&VType=6&IType=9
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
IAEME Publication
________________________________________________________________________

SALVAGE OF CERAMIC WASTE AND

MARBLE DUST FOR THE REFINEMENT OF
SUSTAINABLE CONCRETE
Abdullah Anwar, Sabih Ahmad, S. Mohd. Ashraf Husain and Syed Aqeel
Ahmad
Department of Civil Engineering, In t e gr a l University, Lucknow,
Uttar Pradesh, India, 226026
ABSTRACT
Concrete is the most widely used construction material in civil engineering
industry throughout the world because of its high structural strength and
stability, where the fine aggregate is generally natural sand. The use of sand
in construction activities results in the excessive mining, causing depletion of
natural resources resulting increase in scour depth and sometimes flood
possibility. Ceramic waste is most commonly produced from ceramic industry
whereas Marble powder from processing plants during the sawing and
polishing of marble blocks. Disposal of both ceramic waste and marble
powder is one of the major environmental problems worldwide today. Hence
the reuse of waste material has been emphasized to sustainable development.
In this research study the (OPC) cement has been replaced by ceramic waste
powder accordingly in the proportion of 0%,5%,10%,15%,20%,25%,30%
,35%,40%,45% & 50% and fine aggregate by waste marble powder in the
proportion of 0%,5%,10%, 15%,20%,25%,30%,35%, 40%,45% & 50% by
weight of M-20 grade concrete. Concrete mixtures were produced, tested and
compared in terms of compressive strength of the conventional concrete at 28
days. This paper presents the feasibility of the substitution of ceramic waste
powder for cement and marble dust for fine aggregates to achieve economy
and environment saving.
Key words: Ceramic Waste, Compressive Strength, Marble Dust Powder, OPC
Cement, Sustainable Development

Cite this Article: Abdullah Anwar, Sabih Ahmad, S. Mohd. Ashraf Husain
and Syed Aqeel Ahmad. Salvage of Ceramic Waste and Marble Dust for the
Refinement of Sustainable Concrete. International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology, 6(9), 2015, pp. 79-92.
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Abdullah Anwar, Sabih Ahmad, S. Mohd. Ashraf Husain and Syed Aqeel Ahmad

1. INTRODUCTION
Sustainability in concrete production can be achieved by innovations in substitutions
of material used. Innovations are much needed to meet the increasing demand for new
and quality materials. Concrete is a widely used construction material consisting of
cementing material, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and required quantity of water,
where the fine aggregate is usually natural sand. Cement based material are the most
abundant materials in the world. Due to the high in demand of natural resources our
engineers & architect has growing interest in sustainable development by choosing
the material which is more sustainable that is why the green building concept is
emerging in our country. It is very eco-friendly & save the environment by using
waste products generated by industries. It is realistic that a technology can be
developed which can reduced the carbon dioxide emission related to concrete
production. In India the marble & ceramic are the most thriving industries.
The global consumption of natural sand is too high due to its extensive use in
concrete. The use of sand in construction results in excessive sand mining which is
objectionable. Due to rapid growth in construction industry, the available sources of
natural sand are getting exhausted, causing depletion of natural resources resulting
increase in scour depth and sometimes flood possibility. Also, good quality sand may
have to be transported from long distance, which adds to the cost of construction.
Therefore, it is necessary to replace natural sand in concrete by an alternate material
either partially or completely without compromising the quality of concrete. Waste
marble dust is one such material which can be used to replace sand as fine aggregate.
The present study is aimed at utilizing waste marble powder as fine aggregate in
concrete, replacing natural sand. Marble is a metamorphic rock produced from
limestone by pressure and heat in the earth's crust due to geological process [1]. In
INDIA, the marble processing is one of the most booming industries. Marble
industries in India grow more than 3500 metric tons of marble powder slurry per day.
India is among the top world exporters of marble rock. The Indian marble industry
has been rising steadily at an annual pace of about 10% per year. 20 to 30% of marble
blocks are changed into powder. 3,172 M tons of marble dusts were produced in year
2009-10. Marble is one of the most important materials used in buildings since
ancient times, especially for decorative purposes. The marble is widely used in
buildings due to its beauty, strength & resistance to fire.
Marble waste powder is produced from processing plants during the sawing and
polishing of marble blocks and about 25% of the processed marble is turn into powder
form. Marble waste when dumped on open land affects adversely the productivity of
land as it reduces the porosity and affects ground water recharge. Disposal of the
waste marble powder from the marble industry is one of the environmental problems
worldwide today. Recently, marble dust powder has been employed in the
construction industry and research has been carried on to examine their fruitful result.
The production of cheaper and more durable concrete using this waste can solve to
some extent the ecological and environmental problems. The various applications of
Marble Powder are as follows:
1.

Power coating, paints and ceramic industry

2.

Reinforced polyester glass fiber

3.

Leather cloth and flooring applications

4.

Detergent applications

5.

Glass industry (in manufacturing sheet & optical glasses)

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Salvage of Ceramic Waste and Marble Dust For The Refinement of Sustainable Concrete

The various advantages of Marble Dust Powder are as follows:

1.

Marble powder can be used as filler in concrete and paving materials and helps to
reduce total void content in concrete.

2.

Marble powder can be used as an admixture in concrete, so that strength of the

concrete can be increased.

3.

We can reduce the environmental pollution by utilizing this marble powder for
producing the other products.

4.

Marble dust is mixed with concrete, cement or synthetic resins to make counters,
building stones, sculptures, floors and many other objects.

5.

Marble dust gives an iridescent feel to the object because of the crystallized
particles present in the dust from the marble. These cultured marble objects are
often seen in luxury settings. Synthetic marble objects made with marble dust are
more commonly used than 100 percent solid marble objects.

6.

Marble dust is also used to make paint primer for canvas paintings, and as paint
filler.

7.

Used as a component for manufacture of white cement.

8.

The marble powder is also used to create carbonic acid gases which are used in
the bottling of beverages.

In addition to marble powder, silica fume, fly ash, pumice powder and ground
granulated blast furnace slag are widely used in the construction sector as a mineral
admixtures instead of cement (Demirel and Yazicioglu,2008, 2006, 2007) [2]-[4].
Marble dust can be used either to produce new products or as an admixture so that the
natural sources are used more efficiently and the environment is saved from
dumpsites of marble waste (Hameed and Sekar, 2009) [5]. Many studies have been
conducted in literature on the performance of the concrete containing waste marble
dust or waste marble aggregate, such as its addition into self compacting concrete as
an admixture or sand (Corinaldesi et al., 2010; Alyamac and Ince, 2009; Guneyisi et
al., 2009; Unal and Uygunoglu, 2003) [6]-[9], as well as its utilization in the mixture
of asphaltic concrete (Karasahin and Terzi, 2007; Akbulut and Gurer, 2007; Binici et
al., 2008) [10]-[12] and its utilization as an additive in cement production (Aruntas et
al., 010) [13]. Hanifi Binici et al (2007) [14] found that marble-dust concrete has
higher compressive strength than that of the corresponding lime stone -dust concrete
having equal w/c and mix proportion. The results indicated that the Marble dust
concrete would probably have lower water permeability than the lime stone concrete.
As non-pozzolanic fines it is at present the limestone and dolomite ones which are
most frequently used to increase the content of fine particles in self compacting
concretes (Billberg, 1999) [15]. Compared to normal plain concrete of the same w/c
ratio and the same cement, the concrete having high limestone filler content of
suitable particle-size-distribution generally improves the strength characteristics
(Sonerbi et al., 2000, Petersson, 2001) [16]-[17]. Sachin (2010) [18] used Marble
Powder and artificial sand or manufactured sand as partial replacement for natural
sand to conduct their study on mechanical behavior of concrete. Tests were conducted
using natural sand, manufactured sand, marble dust with equal amount of cement,
coarse aggregate and water. Sieve analysis was carried out on fine sand. A further step
Akbulut et al (2011) [19] found in their studies that the concrete containing waste
marble dust or waste marble aggregate, such as its addition into self-compacting
concrete as an admixture or sand as well as its utilization in the mixture of asphaltic

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Abdullah Anwar, Sabih Ahmad, S. Mohd. Ashraf Husain and Syed Aqeel Ahmad

concrete and its utilization as an additive in cement production, the usage of marble as
a coarse aggregate and as a fine aggregate passing through 1 mm sieve.
Ceramic waste is most commonly produce from ceramic industry, this waste is in
the form of pest and hard form, pest waste is known as the filter waste or slurry waste,
which is produced at the end of polishing and finishing of ceramic tiles. The overall
size of the Indian ceramic industry is about Rs 18,000 crores producing 100 Million
tons per year. The production during 2011-12 stood at approx. 600 million square
meters. However, the ceramic waste is durable, hard and highly resistant to biological,
chemical and physical degradation.
Different types of ceramic products are:

Wall And Floor Tiles

Bricks And Roof Tiles
Table-And Ornamental ware (Household Ceramics)
Refractory Products
Sanitary ware
Vitrified Clay Pipes
Tiles used in the Space Shuttle program
Gas burner nozzles
Missile nose cones
Coatings of jet engine turbine blades
Ceramic disk brake, etc.

Ceramic wastes can be separated in two categories in accordance with the source
of raw materials. The first one are all fired wastes generated by the structural ceramic
factories that use only red pastes to manufacture their products, such as brick, blocks
and roof tiles. The second one is all fired waste produced in stoneware ceramic such
as wall, floor tiles and sanitary ware. These producers use red and white pastes;
nevertheless, the usage of white paste is more frequent and much higher in volume. In
each category the fired ceramic waste was classified according to the production
process. This classification is reported in the following diagram (Figure 1) (F.P.Torgal
and S. Jalali, 2010) [20].
In the ceramic industry, nearly 15%-30% waste material generated from the full
production. The ceramic wastes cause soil, air and groundwater pollution. The
ceramic wastes are not recycled in any course at present owning a problem in presentday society. Thus, a suitable form of management is required in society to attain
sustainable growth. The industries are dumping the wastes in any nearby pit or vacant
spaces, near their unit, although notified areas have been marked for dumping. This
contributes to severe environmental and dust pollution and occupation of a immense
expanse of solid ground, especially after the powder dries up and then it is necessary
to throw out the ceramic waste quickly and employ in the construction industry. It has
been estimated that about 30% of the daily production in the ceramic industry goes to
waste. This waste is not recycled in any form at present. However, the ceramic waste
is durable, hard and highly resistant to biological, chemical and physical degradation
forces. As the ceramic waste is piling up every day, there is pressure on the ceramic
industries to find a solution for its disposal (RM. Senthamarai and P. D. Manoharan,
2005) [21]. Thus, employment of the ceramic waste powder and marble dust powder
in various industrial sectors, especially the construction industry would help to protect
the surroundings. Thus, resulting in the growth of eco-friendly concrete.

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Salvage of Ceramic Waste and Marble Dust For The Refinement of Sustainable Concrete

Ceramic Wastes

Red Paste

White Paste

One-fired

Twice fired

One fired

Twice fired

Bricks
Blocks
Roof tiles
Porous stone ware tiles

Porous stone ware

tiles

Sanitary ware
Porous stoneware tiles
Stoneware tiles
China stoneware tiles

Porous stoneware tiles

Figure 1 Classification of ceramic wastes by type and production process. (F. P.Torgal and S.
Jalali, 2010)

Ceramic waste is seen as non-hazardous solid waste and possesses pozzolanic

properties. Therefore, after recycling can be reused in different building construction
application [22]-[26]. Industrial wastes coarser than cement particles generally uses as
fine and coarse aggregate in concrete mix up to 35% tile waste [27]-[28]. Utilization
of non-hazardous industrial waste is also gaining popularity in India to use in building
construction employment for training building material elements. (Abdullah Anwar et
al, 2014, 2015) in their study analyzes that there is a continuous decrement in the
compressive strength of concrete on partial replacement of cement with ceramic waste
and marble dust powder. [29]-[30].
The advancement of concrete technology can reduce the consumption of natural
resources. They have driven to focus on recovery and reuse of natural resources and
find other options. The role of partial replacement of cement by ceramic waste
powder and fine aggregate by marble dust powder may reduce some cement
production and depletion of natural resources thus brings down the demand for land
area for describing resources and disposal of industrial waste too. The use of
substitute materials may provide cost reduction, energy savings, arguably superior
products, and fewer hazards in the surroundings. Ceramic waste powder or Marble
dust powder is one of the most dynamic research areas that cover a number of
subjects including civil engineering and building fabrics. This paper presents the
feasibility of the substitution of ceramic waste powder for cement and marble dust
powder for fine aggregates to achieve economy and environment saving.

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Abdullah Anwar, Sabih Ahmad, S. Mohd. Ashraf Husain and Syed Aqeel Ahmad

2. EXPERIMENTAL MATERIALS
2.1. Cement
Commercially available Ordinary Portland Cement of 43 grades manufactured by the
JP Cement Company confirming to IS 8112:1989 was used in the field [31]
(Specification, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi). The Physical Properties of
OPC Cement are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Physical Properties of Cement
Details
OPC
(G-43)

Specific
Gravity

Normal Consistency (%)

26.75

3.05

Setting Time (min.)

Initial
80

Final
190

2.2. Fine Aggregate

Fractions from 4.75 mm to 150 microns are termed as fine aggregate. Locally
available river sand passed through 4.75mm IS sieve is applied as fine aggregate
conforming to the requirements of IS 383:1970 [32]. The specific gravity of sand is
2.60 and fineness modulus is 3.30. The free and compacted bulk density values
obtained are 1645 Kg/m3 and 1780 Kg/m3 and water absorption is 1.10%.

2.3 Coarse Aggregate

Fractions from 20 mm to 4.75 mm are used as coarse aggregate. The Coarse aggregate
are obtained from a local quarry, conforming to IS 383:1970 is used. The coarse
aggregate with a maximum size 20 mm having a specific gravity 2.70 and fineness
modulus of 6.50. The free and compacted bulk density values obtained are 1600
Kg/m3 and 1790 Kg/m3 respectively, water absorption of 1.50%.

2.4. Marble Dust Powder

The Marble dust powder was collected from the locally available manufacturing unit
in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Specific gravity of marble dust powder is 2.64 and
water absorption is 0.97%. It was sieved by IS-90 micron sieve before mixing in
concrete. The Chemical properties were given in Table 2 and these properties are in
reference to [Omar M.O. et al (2012)] [33]

Figure 2 Marble Dust Powder

Source: Ceramic World, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh

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Salvage of Ceramic Waste and Marble Dust For The Refinement of Sustainable Concrete
Table 2 Chemical Properties of Marble Dust Powder
S.No.
1.

Materials
Loss of Ignition (L.O.I)

Marble Powder (%)

43.63

2.

CaO

43.20

3.

Fe2O3

1.90

4.

Al2O3

2.50

5.

SiO2

13.8

6.

MgO

2.70

7.

SO3

0.07

8.

K2O

0.60

9.

Na2 O

0.90

10.

CL

0.03

Source: Omar M.O. et al (2012)

2.5. Ceramic Waste

Ceramic waste can be used in concrete to improve its strength and other durability
factors. It is estimated that 15 to 30% wastes are produced of total raw material
utilized. Ceramic waste can be applied as a partial replacement of cement or as a
partial replacement of fine aggregate, sand as a supplemental add-on to achieve
different properties of concrete. The ceramic waste was accumulated from the locally
available manufacturing unit in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. The sample of the
waste was collected and the same was made in dust form manually in Transportation
Engineering Laboratory, CED, INTEGRAL UNIVERSITY, Lucknow.
Specific
gravity of ceramic waste powder is 2.30 and water absorption is 2.40%. The chemical
properties were turned over in Table 3 with the submission of test method IS
3812:1998 [34].

Figure 3 Ceramic Waste Powder

Source: Ceramic World, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh

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Abdullah Anwar, Sabih Ahmad, S. Mohd. Ashraf Husain and Syed Aqeel Ahmad
Table 3 Chemical Properties of Ceramic Waste Powder
S.No.

Materials

Ceramic Powder (%)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

SiO2
Al2O3
Fe2O3
CaO
K 2O
Na2 O
MgO
P2O5
Mn2O3
CL
SO3
Loss of Ignition (L.O.I)

63.29
18.29
4.32
4.46
2.18
0.75
0.72
0.16
0.05
0.005
0.10
1.61

Source: Geo-Test House, Baroda, Gujarat

2.6. Water
Water is an important factor of concrete as it actually participates in the chemical
reaction with cement. Portable water is employed in fusing of concrete.

3. ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY
The Economic Feasibility of materials is tabulated as below in Table 4.
Table 4 Cost of Materials
S.No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Materials

Rate (Rs/Kg)

Cement (OPC G-43)

Fine Aggregate (Regional)
Coarse Aggregate (Regional)
Ceramic Waste Powder
Marble Dust Powder

8.00
0.65
0.70
2.00
12.00

4. NOMINAL PROPORTIONS
The concrete mix is designed as per IS: 10262-1982 [35], IS: 456-2000 [36] for the
normal concrete. The grade of concrete, which we adopted, is M20. The concrete mix
proportion (cement: fine aggregate: coarse aggregate) is 1:1.5: 3 by volume and a
water cement ratio of 0.50.

5. EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY
The evaluation of Ceramic Waste Powder as a replacement of cement material and
Marble Dust Powder as a replacement of fine aggregate begins with the concrete
testing. The study is conducted to analyze the compressive strength of concrete when
the base materials, i.e. Cement is replaced with ceramic waste powder and fine
aggregate is replaced with Marble Dust Powder respectively. Compressive strength
tests were done on compression testing machine using cube samples. Firstly, the
ceramic waste powder replacement was made at proportions 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%,

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Salvage of Ceramic Waste and Marble Dust For The Refinement of Sustainable Concrete

20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% and 50% by weight of M-20 grade concrete. Three
samples per batch were tested with the average strength values reported in this paper.
The maximum average value of compressive strength at a certain definite replacement
proportion of cement with ceramic waste powder was noted. Now, the ceramic waste
powder replacement is kept at the constant proportion (proportion attaining maximum
average value of compressive strength) and marble dust powder replacement was
made at proportions 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% and 50%
by weight of M-20 grade concrete. Again, three samples per batch were tested with
the average strength values reported in this paper. In all total 66 cubes of OPC
(150mm 150mm 150mm) were examined and results were analyzed after curing
28 days. Result obtained from the replacement is compared with data from a
Conventional concrete.

6. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP
Subsequently, on a detailed study we have obtained the following outcomes for the
compression tests as shown in the Table 5 and Table 6
Table 5 Ceramic Waste Powder Replacement; Compressive Strength of Concrete (M 20)
(Partial Replacement of Cement)
S.No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

Compressive Strength at 28 days (N/mm2)

30.50
29.20
28.14
27.60
26.40
25.46
23.50
21.67
20.29
19.68
18.75

Specimen
Conventional Concrete
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%

Compressive Strength at 28 days (N/mm 2)

CERAMIC WASTE POWDER (Partial Replacement of Cement)

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

%age content of Ceramic Waste Powder

%age Content of Ceramic Waste vs Compressive Strength

Figure 4 Percentage Replacement of Ceramic Waste Powder vs Compressive Strength

(N/mm2) of Concrete for M 20

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Abdullah Anwar, Sabih Ahmad, S. Mohd. Ashraf Husain and Syed Aqeel Ahmad
Table 6 Marble Dust Powder Replacement; Compressive Strength of Concrete (M 20)

(Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate, at Constant Ceramic Waste Proportion,

i.e. 30%)
S.No.

Specimen

Compressive Strength at 28 days (N/mm2)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

Conventional Concrete
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%

30.50
31.44
32.08
33.60
34.16
32.40
30.75
28.50
26.29
23.08
20.54

Compressive Strength at 28 days (N/mm2)

MARBLE DUST POWDER (Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate)

40

30

20

10

0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

%age content of Marble Dust Powder (30% Ceramic Waste Proportion)

%age Content of Marble Dust Powder vs Compressive Strength

Figure 5 Percentage Replacement of Marble Dust Powder vs Compressive Strength (N/mm2)

of Concrete for M 20

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Salvage of Ceramic Waste and Marble Dust For The Refinement of Sustainable Concrete

Compressive Strength at 28 days (N/mm2)

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE (M20)

40

30

20

10

0
0

10

20

30

40

50

%age Content of Marble Dust vs Compressive Strength

%age Content of Ceramic Waste vs Compressive Strength
%age Content of Marble Dust vs Compressive Strength

Figure 6 (BAR GRAPH) Percentage Replacement of both Ceramic Waste and Marble Dust
Powder vs Compressive Strength (N/mm2) of Concrete for M 20

7. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Experimental investigation is performed to determine the Compressive Strength of
ceramic waste concrete and marble dust concrete on partial replacement of cement
and fine aggregate and also to compare the behavior of concrete for more fruitful
outcome. At different proportions, varying strength of concrete was observed, which
are measured in N/mm2. The results obtained for 28-day compressive strength
confirms the optimal percentage requirement for replacement of cement with Ceramic
Waste Powder and fine aggregate with Marble Dust Powder as shown in Fig. 6 (Bar
Graph).

7.1. Effect of Ceramic Waste Powder on Compressive Strength

Compressive strength is determined at 28 days after successful curing period. Due to
higher part of silica oxide in ceramic waste its core compressive strength is attained at
30% replacement of ceramic waste concrete. By more than 30% of replacement, the
compressive strength is decreasing; hence more research on it is preferred (Table 5).
On further replacement its compressive strength is decreased. The results obtained
confirms the optimal percentage requirement for replacement of cement with Ceramic
Waste Powder as shown in Fig. 4

7.2. Effect of Marble Dust Powder on Compressive Strength

The results given in Table 6 indicate that as the amount of the marble dust powder in
the concrete increase, the unit weights of the specimens increase. This is an expected
outcome as specific gravity of marble dust powder is higher than fine aggregate and
filler effect of marble dust because of its finer particles than fine sand aggregate.
Therefore, the unit weight of marble dust powder concrete increases as the percentage
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Abdullah Anwar, Sabih Ahmad, S. Mohd. Ashraf Husain and Syed Aqeel Ahmad

replacement of marble dust powder content increases up to certain proportion. With

the inclusion of marble dust powder the compressive strength of concrete gradually
increases up to a certain limit but then gradually decreases. The compressive strength
have increased with the increase of marble dust powder content till 20% replacement
of fine aggregate and after that there is a decrease in its strength. With the inclusion of
marble dust powder up to 20%, there is 10.71% increase in compressive strength for
28days curing as compared to conventional concrete (without marble dust powder).
The results obtained confirms the optimal percentage requirement for replacement of
fine aggregate with Marble Dust Powder as shown in Fig. 5

8. CONCLUSION

As compared to conventional concrete, on addition of ceramic waste powder its

characteristic strength is gradually decreased. So the ceramic waste powder has been
replaced by up to 30% by weight of cement without affecting the characteristic
strength of M20 grade concrete. On further replacement of cement with ceramic
waste powder decreases the compressive strength. (Fig. 4 and 6)

As compared to conventional concrete, on addition of marble dust powder its

compressive strength gradually increases up to a certain limit but then gradually
decreases. The increase in strength of concrete is due to the fact that certain
proportions of waste had been added to the concrete as very fine aggregate
substitutes. This is an expected outcome due to the high specific gravity of marble
dust powder and also filler effect of marble dust because it has finer particles than
fine aggregate. As a matter of fact, marble dust powder had a filler effect and played a
noticeable role in the hydration process.

The compressive strength have increased with the increase of marble dust powder
content till 20% replacement of fine aggregate and after that there is a decrease in its
strength. With the inclusion of marble dust powder up to 20%, there is 10.71%
increase in compressive strength for 28days curing as compared to conventional
concrete (without marble dust powder). (Fig. 5 and 6)

Utilization of ceramic waste or marble dust and its application for the sustainable
development of the construction industry is the most effective solution and also speak
the high value application of such waste.

It is the possible alternative solution of safe disposal of the Ceramic waste powder
and Marble dust powder thus stepping into a realm of solving the environmental
pollution by cement production; being one of the primary objectives of Civil
Engineers.

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Marble
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Characteristics
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as pozzolanic additive on the compressive strength of concrete in increasing cure
ages. Sci. Eng. J. Firat University, 18(3): 367-374 (Turkish).
Demirel B, Yazicio_lu S (2007). The effect of silica fume on the mechanical
properties of carbon fiber reinforced lightweight concrete. Sleyman Demirel
University J. Nat. App. Sciences. 11(1): 103-109.
Demirel B, Yazicio_lu S (2008). Thermoelectric behavior of carbon fiber
reinforced lightweight concrete with mineral admixtures. New Carbon Mater,
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Salvage of Ceramic Waste and Marble Dust For The Refinement of Sustainable Concrete
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