MUHAMMAD ANDRI ALKAUTSAR R.

1106070073
METALURGI DAN MATERIAL

Tugas 2 Welding
1. Comparing to riveting, welding has various advantages and
disadvantages. Pick out three (3) advantages and three (3)
disadvantages of welding respectively.
Kelebihan:
Bisa mendapatkan kekuatan tarik yang baik karena adanya

distribusi aliran tegang yang seragam

efisiensi material yang digunakan lebih tinggi, karena tidak
dibutuhkan

sejumlah

luas

material

sebagai

tempat

direkatkannya material tersebut.

welding dapat diaplikasikan pada banyak logam

Kekurangan:

Rentan terkena korosi.

Material yang dilas mengalami perubahan mikrostruktur

karena pengaruh panas yang diberikan.

Selain itu, proses yang dilakukan lebih sulit dan lebih mahal,
serta membutuhkan temperatur tinggi

2. Welding processes are able to be classified into the category of (a)

fusion welding, (b)
pressure welding or (c) soldering. What the following welding
processes should be classified
into the category of (a), (b) or (c). Put a category mark (a), (b) or (c)
for each welding
process.

Friction welding (b)

Electron beam welding (a)
Electro slag welding (a)
Thermit (Almino-thermic) welding (a)
CO2 gas shielded metal arc welding (a)
Soft soldering (c)
Submerged arc welding (a)
Resistance spot welding (a)
TIG welding (a)

MUHAMMAD ANDRI ALKAUTSAR R.

1106070073
METALURGI DAN MATERIAL

Ultrasonic welding (b)

3. Welding processes may be classified according to the type of energy
source used directly
for welding. Choose the welding processes from Group B that belong
to the energy sources
in Group A, and put the corresponding marks in the parentheses

Electric Energy

Submerged Arc Welding,

SMAW,

MAG,

Slag
Welding,
Welding,

Electro

Resistance
Plasma

Arc

Welding
Mechanical Energy

Explosion

Welding,

Chemical Energy
Light Energy

Welding
Oxy-flame Welding
Laser Welding

Friction

4. Welding processes may be classified according to the types of

energy source utilized directly
or welding. Choose the energy source in [Word group] that is applied
in each welding
process, and put its alphabet into each
Energy sources :
Electric energy = a
Mechanical energy = b
Chemical energy = c
Light energy = d
Welding Processes

MAG welding (Electical Energy)

Aluminothermic welding
(c)
Electron beam welding
(a)
Oxy-fuel gas welding
(c)

(a)

MUHAMMAD ANDRI ALKAUTSAR R.

1106070073
METALURGI DAN MATERIAL

Friction stir welding

(b)
Laser welding
(d)
Manual metal arc welding (SMAW) (a)
Explosion welding
(b)
TIG welding (GTAW)
(a)
Electroslag welding
(a)

5. Regarding the features of the following welding and cutting

processes, choose the relevant one from among the words in the
word group given below and enter its alphabetic symbol into each
parenthesis.
MAG Welding
Laser Welding and Cutting
Submerged Arc Welding
Friction Welding
(b)
Gas Welding

(a)
(d)
(a)
(c)

Word group
(a) Electrical energy
(b) Mechanical energy
(c) Chemical energy
(d) Light energy
6. Regarding the classification of welding processes, choose five (5)
gas-shielded arc welding processes and encircle their alphabets.
(a) stud welding
(b) TIG welding
(c) laser welding
(d) submerged arc welding
(e) self-shielded arc welding
(f) MAG welding
(g) shielded metal arc welding
(h) electro-slag welding
(i) brazing
(j) electro-gas arc welding
(k) resistance spot welding
(l) MIG welding
(m) electron beam welding
(n) plasma arc welding.
Submerged Arc Welding

MUHAMMAD ANDRI ALKAUTSAR R.

1106070073
METALURGI DAN MATERIAL

Electro Gas Arc Welding

Shielded Metal Arc Welding
TIG Welding
MIG Welding

7. In case of using 100% CO2 gas as shielding, droplet size is

becoming larger than that in
case of using CO2 Argon gas mixture. Explain the reasons.
Gas CO2 adalah gas yang paling umum digunakan pada MIG
welding. Gas ini dapat digunakan dalam kondisi murni, dimana tidak
membutuhkan gas inert lainya dalam proses. CO2 juga terbilang
murah dibanding gas gas lainya, ini juga merupakan salah satu
faktor mengapa co2 sering digunakan. Gas CO2 murni dapat
menghasilkan penetrasi yang bisa tergolong sangat dalam, dimana
sangat berguna untuk mengelas material yang tebal. Tetapi jika kita
menggunakan CO2 murni, gas ini akan menghasilkan arc yang
kurang stabil jika dibandingkan dengan kita memakai gas campuran
CO2 dengan gas lain.
8. The following sentences describe the metal transfer modes. Choose
the relevant one and put its alphabet into each parenthesis.
The molten metal droplet, which is detached from the tip of
the electrode by the arc force,transfers along the cavity wall in
the flux covering around the electrode. This metal transfer
mode can be observed in submerged arc welding. (Flux-wallguided transfer)
The molten metal droplet is punctured by rapid expansion of
the internal gases generated in the droplet. This metal
transfer mode can be observed in shielded metal arc welding.
(explosive transfer)
The molten metal droplet grows in size as large as the
electrode diameter or larger to transfer. This metal transfer
mode can be observed in shielded metal arc welding with lowhydrogen type electrodes and CO2-shielded arc welding with

MUHAMMAD ANDRI ALKAUTSAR R.

1106070073
METALURGI DAN MATERIAL

high currents. The both amount and size of the spatter

increases in general. (Globular transfer)
The molten metal droplet whose diameter is as small as the
electrode diameter or smaller transfers in free flight in the arc
column. This metal transfer mode can be observed in MAG
welding with high currents and Ar-rich shielding gas (Ar: 80%
or larger) and MIG welding. In general, spatter decreases, and
the arc is likely to become stable. (Spray transfer)
The molten metal droplet, which is developed on the tip of the
electrode, makes a contact to the weld pool and is transferred
with the aids of the electromagnetic pinching effect and the
surface tension of the droplet. This metal transfer mode can
be observed in MIG and MAG welding with low current, low arc
voltage, and short arc length. This transfer mode is suitable
for sheet metal welding and welding. (short-circuiting
transfer)
9. Regarding the metal transfer modes, choose the relevant one in the
word group and enter its alphabet into each parenthesis.

CO2-shielded arc welding with low currents. (a)

Pulsed MAG welding with low average currents (c)
CO2-shielded arc welding with medium currents. (b)
MAG welding with high currents and a mixed shielding gas of

80%Ar+20%CO2. (c)
MIG welding with high currents. (d)
Word Group
(a) short-circuiting transfer (b) globular transfer
(c) spray transfer (d) explosive transfer

MUHAMMAD ANDRI ALKAUTSAR R.

1106070073
METALURGI DAN MATERIAL

10.

The following sentences are describing electrode wire melting

and metal transfer modes in MAG welding with solid wire. Choose
the relevant one and circle its alphabet.
Wire melting rate is given mainly by the heat from the arc and
also the following due to the current flow in the wire.
(resistance heat)
When the wire melting rate (or wire feeding speed) is kept
constant, welding current may change if the following
parameter is changed. (welding speed)
In MAG welding using 100% CO2 gas for shielding gas, when
higher arc voltage is applied, the arc is becoming unstable. In
that case at lower welding current, usually the following metal
transfer mode is adopted at lower arc voltage. (shortcircuiting transfer)
In MAG welding with Argon base mixture shielding gas (Ar +
CO2) spray transfer mode may be obtained by increasing the
following parameter more than a certain critical value.
(welding current)
In spray transfer mode, the force which acts to detach the
droplet from the wire tip is mainly the following. (plasma
stream)
11.

Pick out a non consumable electrode gas-shielded arc welding

process using DC power

source with constant current characteristics. And then give the kind
of shielding gas, the
material of electrode and the polarity of electrode, when the process
is applied on welding
of stainless steel.
Welding Process (Gas Metal Arc Welding)
Shielding Gas (Agon - Helium)
Material of Electrode (E310-15 or E310-16)
Polarity of Electrode (Straight Polarity)
12.

Pick out at least three (3) advantages and three (3)

disadvantages of TIG arc welding process.

MUHAMMAD ANDRI ALKAUTSAR R.

1106070073
METALURGI DAN MATERIAL

Kelebihan :
Kualitas hasil lasan yang bagus
Dapat digunakan di berbagai posisi pengelasan
Tidak memakai filler material
Kekurangan :
Diperlukan kemampuan mengelas yang tinggi
Diperlukan peralatan yang rumit
Poduktivitasnya rendah.
13.

Give four (4) advantages and four (4) disadvantages of SAW,

comparing with the SMAW (Manual metal arc welding).

Advantages :
Arc is not visible
Deep penetration allowing in the use of small welding grooves
Little smoke are developed
Disadvantages :
High cost needed
Can be used between flat and horizontal position
Limited for carbon, low alloy, creep resisting, stainless steel,
and nickel carbon
14.

Pick out five (5) features of submerged arc welding process,

comparing to manual metal arc welding (shielded metal arc welding)

process.

15.

single pass welding process for thick plate

Economic process for thick plate
Used for flat position
Arc is not visible
Deep penetration
The sentences below, describing MAG welding, have error(s) in

the parentheses. Correct

them.

MUHAMMAD ANDRI ALKAUTSAR R.

1106070073
METALURGI DAN MATERIAL

In the case of shielding gas containing argon mixed with 20%

of CO2 gas, the metal transfer mode become spray transfer
(when the welding speed is higher than a certain critical
value). The correct one is current
Comparing with 100% CO2 gas shielded arc welding under the
same welding parameters, MAG welding with using mixed gas
of 80% argon and 20% of CO2 has (wider bead, but easily gets
more spatter). The correct one is less.
16.

Pick out at least three (3) features of TIG welding (GTAW),

comparing with MMA welding (SMAW).

Elektrodanya tidak meleleh karena terbuat dari tungsten.
Kawat pengisi dapat diumpan secara manual atau otomatis.
Menggunakan gas sebagai pelindung dan tidak menggunakan
tekanan.
Arc terbentuk diantara elektorda dan kawah las
17.

Pick out three (3) advantages and three (3) disadvantages of

MAG

welding

comparing

to

SAW

(submerged

arc

welding)

respectively.
Advantages :
Higher welding speed
Greater deposition
Less Post-weld cleaning of slag
Disadvantages :
higher initial set up cost
Atmosphere of welding environment must be stable (need of
shielding gas)
Radiation effects are more sever
18.

Pick out three (3) advantages and three (3) disadvantages of

FCAW welding comparing to MAG (metal active gas) welding

respectively.
Advantages :
Higher welding speed compared to SMAW
Possible to any welding position
More efficient compared to MIG

MUHAMMAD ANDRI ALKAUTSAR R.

1106070073
METALURGI DAN MATERIAL

Disadvantages :
Slag must be cleaned on the pass
Existence of smoke and UV radiation
High possibility of formation of slag inclusion