Design of Composite Beam

Design a composite T beam using the following data:

Span = 8m
Spacing of beams = 1m
Expected loss of prestress = 20%

40 kN/m 2
Live load
Grade of concrete = M40

f ci f ck
Take
Solution:
Step 1:
Design of in-situ r.c. slab
The design of in-situ r.c. Slab here is exactly the same as the design of slab in a
conventional T beam slab costruction. So it is not given here. A depth of 100mm is
found to be suitable for the r.c. slab.
Step 2:
Design of prestressed unit
The cross sectional dimensions are assumed in Fig.1 for the first trial section
Effective width:
According to S 3935-1966, flange of composite beam should be the least of the
following:
Page
No.10/5.10.2

8000
2000mm
4

a. 1/4th of the span of the beam =

b. Centre to centre of beam = 1000mm

c. Web thickness + 12 times the thickness of the slab =

150 12 100 1350mm

b f 1000mm
Hence adopt
Uniformly distributed live load on the beam = 40 x 1 = 40kN/m

ML
Maximum bending moment =

wl 2 40 8 2

320kNm
8
8

Dead load due to in-situ slab = 25 x 1 x 0.1 = 2.5 kN/m

M ds

2 .5 8 2
20kNm
8

Dead Load bending moment due to in-situ slab =

1000mm
100mm

800mm

550mm

150mm

150mm
300mm

Apc 150 550 300 150 127500 mm2

Area of the prestressed section

25
Dead load of prestressed unit

127500
3.1875kN/m
10 6

M dp

3.1875 8 2
25.5kNm
8

Dead Load bending moment due to prestressed unit is

M t M ds M dp M L
Total mid span bending moment,

M t 20 25.5 320 365.5kNm

In post tensioned composite beam, the lever arm between the final prestressing
force T in the cable and the resultant compressive force is approximately equal to
0.65D
Initially

Ti Ci

1
c 'bw D d s
2

assuming linear stress distribution with maximum

permissible stress c
At bottom and zero at top of prestressed unit.

M t Ti 0.65 D
1
M t c ' bw D d s 0.65 D
2
1
365.5 106 0.8 19.33 150 D 100 0.65 D
2
D 748mm

which is less than the value of

D 800mm

assumed for the trial section.

Step 3
Properties of the section:

Apc 127500 mm 2
a. For prestressed section

550

(550 150) 150

300 150 75
a1 y1 a2 y 2
2

301.47mm
a1 a2
(550 150) 300 150

y1 p 398.53mm
Distance from the top fibre to the centroidal axis

y 2 p 301.47mm

Distance from the bottom fibre to the centroidal axis

I p 5.73 109 mm4

Moment of Inertia

Y1p = 398.53mm
550mm
150mm

Y2p = 301.47mm

150mm
300mm

b. Properties of composite section

The breadth of in-situ section is transformed into that of equivalent
prestressed section and the transformed section is as shown in Fig.
Modulus of elasticity of prestressed concrete =

E p 5000 f ck 5000 40 31.62kN/mm2

Modulus of elasticity of in-situ concrete =

Ec 5000 f ck 5000 20 22.36kN/mm2

Ec 22.36

0.7071
E p 31.62

Modular ratio
Area of transformed section,

At 300 150 550 150 0.7071 1000 100 198210.7 mm2

mbf
100mm

800mm

550mm

150mm

150mm
300mm

y1t 338.52mm
Distance from the top fibre to the centroidal axis

y 2t 461.48mm

Distance from the bottom fibre to the centroidal axis

I p 1.49396 1010 mm4

Moment of Inertia
Step 4:
Initial prestressing force and area of steel

Ti Ci

1
19.33 150 800 100 1014825 N
2

Using 5mm dia high tensile steel wires of ultimate strength 1600MPa and taking
permissible tensile stress in steel as 80% of ultimate strength of steel.

Area of prestressing steel =

1014825
792.83mm2
0.8 1600

No. of 5mm diameter wires required =

792.83
40.38
52

No of Freyssinet cables each consisting of 12 wires of 5mm diameter each

12 4

52
942.48mm2
4

Area of steel provided =

Step 5:
Determination of eccentricity of prestressing force
Eccentricity of prestressing force can be determined using the condition that there
is no tension at top of the prestressing unit.

P eY
M Y
Pi
i 1 p dp 1 p 0
Apc
Ip
Ip
e =137.9mm
providing a cover of 75mm at the centroid of the cable, maximum available
eccentricity is

emax Y2 p 75 301.47 75 226.47 mm

As available eccentricity is more than required provide

Step 6
Check for stresses (at Midspan)

M dpY1 p
Ip

M dpY2 p
Ip

25.5 106 398.53

1.773 N /mm2
9
5.7307 10

25.5 106 301.47

1.34 N /mm2
5.7307 109

e 137.9mm

M dsY1 p
Ip
M dsY2 p
Ip

20 10 6 398.53
1.391N /mm2
9
5.7307 10

20 10 6 301.47
1.05 N /mm2
9
5.7307 10

M L Y1t d s 320 106 (338.52 100)

5.12 N /mm2
10
It
1.49 10
M LY2t 320 106 (461.48)

9.88 N /mm2
10
It
1.49 10
Pi
1014825

7.96 N /mm2
Apc 127500
Pi eY1 p
Ip

Pi eY1 p
Ip
Pi eY2 p
Ip

1014825 137.9 398.53

9.732 N /mm2
9
5.73 10

1014825 137.9 398.53

9.732 N /mm 2
5.73 109

1014825 137.9 301.47

7.362 N /mm2
5.73 109

Stage 1
At transfer of prestress, stress at top concrete fibre

P eY
M Y
Pi
i 1 p dp 1 p 7.96 9.732 1.773 0 ( safe)
Apc
Ip
Ip
Stress at bottom concrete fibre

Pi eY2 p M dpY2 p
Pi

7.96 7.362 1.34 13.98 N /mm2 19.33 N /mm2

Apc
Ip
Ip

Stage 2
After losses in prestressing unit
Stress at top concrete fibre

Pi Pi eY1 p M dpY1 p

0.8 7.96 0.8 9.732 1.773 0.35 N /mm 2 ( safe)

Apc
Ip
Ip
Stress at bottom concrete fibre

Pi Pi eY2 p M dpY2 p

0.8 7.96 0.8 7.362 1.34 10.91N /mm2 15.6 N /mm2

Apc
Ip
Ip
Stage 3
When in-situ concrete is placed
Stress at top concrete fibre

Pi Pi eY1 p M dpY1 p M dsY1 p

0.8 7.96 0.8 9.732 1.773 1.391 1.74 N /mm2 ( safe)

Apc
Ip
Ip
Ip
Stress at bottom concrete fibre

Pi Pi eY2 p M dpY2 p M dsY2 p

0.8 7.96 0.8 7.362 1.34 1.05 9.86 N /mm2 15.6 N /mm2
Apc
Ip
Ip
Ip

1000mm
100mm

800mm

0.35N/mm2

1.74N/mm2

550mm

150mm

150mm
300mm

13.98N/mm2

STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN PRESTRESSED

CONCRETE SECTION

10.91N/mm2

9.86N/mm2

Stage 4
When live load acts
Stress at top concrete fibre

Pi Pi eY1 p M dpY1 p M dsY1 p M L (Y1 p d s )

Apc
Ip
Ip
Ip
Ip

0.8 7.96 0.8 9.732 1.773 1.391 5.12 6.86 N /mm2 15.6 N /mm 2
Stress at bottom concrete fibre

Pi Pi eY2 p M dpY2 p M dsY2 p M LY2t

Apc
Ip
Ip
Ip
It

0.8 7.96 0.8 7.362 1.34 1.05 9.88 0.02 N /mm2

Stresses in concrete cast-in-situ

mM LY1t 0.7071 320 10 6 338.52

5.126 N /mm 2 7 N /mm 2

10
It
1.49 10
Actual stress at top fibre =
Actual stress at bottom fibre =

mM L (Y1t d s ) 0.7071 320 106 (338.52 100)

3.62 N /mm2 ( safe)

10
It
1.49 10
Stresses are within the allowable limits

mbf

5.126N/mm2

7.27N/mm2
100mm

5.12N/mm2

3.62N/mm2
6.86N/mm2
800mm

550mm

150mm

150mm
300mm

STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN
COMPOSITE SECTION

0.02N/mm2