Picture this. Its one of those sweltering, hazy August afternoons.

Your
friends have finally gotten their acts together for a picnic down at the
Harbor. Together you got over the list of stuff you needblankets,
radio, sunscreen, sandwiches, chips, and soda. You wipe the sweat from
your neck, reach for a soda, and realize that its about the same
temperature as the 95oF (35oC) afternoon. Great start. Everyones just
dying to make another trip back to the store for ice. Why cant they
come with a soda container that can chill itself, anyway?
Sonya decided to take on the topic of a soda container that can chill itself
as a term project in her Engineering Graphics and Design course taught
by Professor Martin Ramirez of the Department of Civil Engineering.
Professor Ramirez stressed innovative thinking and urged students to
consider unusual or novel concepts. The first thing Sonya needed to do
was to establish some goals for the project:

Terjemahan
Ide, Design

Situasi
Pemicu Ide

Most consumers
abhor lukewarm beverages, especially during hot days of summer, but
throughout history, necessity has been the mother of invention. In
1991, Sonya Talton, an electrical engineering student at Johns Hopkins
University, had a revolutionary ideaa self-chilling soda can!

Motivasi
Pemicu Ide

Terjemahan
ide

Translating an Idea into Reality

Teknologi

With these goals in mind, Sonya had to think of a practical yet innovative
way of chilling the can. Ice was the obvious choicepractical, but not
innovative. Sonya had a great ideaWhat about a chemical ice pack?
Sonyas next question was, Whats inside? The answer ammonium nitrate
(NH4NO3) and a water pouch. When the needed pressure is applied to the
chemical ice pack, the water pouch breaks and mixes with the NH 4NO3,
creating and endothermic reaction (the absorption of heat). The NH 4NO3
draws the heat out of the soda, causing it to chill.

Realisasi
Teknologi

Get the soda as cold as possible in the shortest possible amount of

time.
Keep the container design simple.
Keep the size and weight of the newly designed container similar to
that of the traditional soda can. (This would allow beverage companies
to use existing vending machines and storage equipment.)
Keep the production cost low.
Make the product environmentally safe.

How much water is in the water pouch? Sonya measured it: 9 tablespoons.
(She wished she had the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.) She
wondered what would happen if she reduced the amount of water. After
several trials, Sonya found that she could chill the soda can from 27 oC to
9oC in a 3-minute period. At this point, she needed to determine how cold a
refrigerated soda gets. She put a can in the fridge for 2 days and found out
1

Analisis Pasar,
Finansial

In her engineering graphics and design course, the topic of how economic
feasibility plays a major role in the engineering design process was
discussed. Professor Ramirez emphasized the importance of marketing
survey and cost/benefit analyses as ways to gauge a products potential.
Sonya surveyed approximately 80 people. She asked them only two
questions: Their age and how much would they be willing to pay for a selfchilling can of soda. The under-21 group was willing to pay the most, 84
cents. The 40-plus bunch only wanted to pay 68 cents. Overall, the
surveyed group would be willing to shell out 75 cents for a self-chilling
soda. (It was hardly a scientific market survey, but it did give Sonya a feel
for what would be a reasonable price for her product.)

Pengumpulan dan
Analisis Data

The next hurdle was to determine the existing production cost of one can of
soda. How much more would it cost to produce the self-chiller? Would it be
profitable? She went to the library, and there she found the bulk cost of
chemicals and materials she would need. Then she calculated how much
she would require for one unit. She couldnt believe it! It only costs 12
cents to manufacture one can of soda, including transportation. Her can
would cost 2 or 3 cents more. That wasnt bad, considering the average
consumer was willing to pay up to 25 cents more for the self-chilling can
than for the traditional one.

Analisis
Lingkungan

But was it

The only two constraints left to consider were possible chemical

contamination and recyclability. Theoretically it should be possible to build
a machine that would drain the solution from the can and re-crystallize it.
The ammonium nitrate could then be reused in future soda cans, including
the plastic outer can.
Chemical contamination, the only remaining
restriction, was a big concern. Unfortunately, there was absolutely no way
to ensure that the chemical and the soda would never come in contact one
another inside the cans. To ease consumer fears, Sonya decided a color or
odor indicator could be added to alert the consumer to contamination if it
occurred.

Pengaruh ke
Masyarakat

it chilled to 5oC.
Sonyas idea was definitely feasible.
economically marketable?

Sonyas conclusion?The self-chilling beverage can would be an incredible

technological advancement. The product would be convenient for the
beach, picnic, ballpark, and cookouts.
Its design would incorporate
consumer convenience while addressing environmental concerns. It would
be innovative, yet inexpensive, and it would have an economic, as well as a
social impact on society

PENENTUAN JUDUL PROYEK

Nomor Kelompok:
Tanggal:
Tahap 1: Generate sebanyak mungkin ide-ide proyek melalui
brainstorming di dalam kelompok. List ide-ide tersebut
(gunakan lembar tambahan jika perlu).

Tahap 2: Seleksi ide-ide yang telah dihasilkan pada Tahap 1 berdasarkan

kriteria bahan baku, pasar, finansial, atau yang lainnya untuk
kemudian disepakati bersama dalam kelompok.

Tahap 3: Tetapkan satu ide yang paling prospektif menurut kelompok

dan terjemahkan ide tersebut ke dalam rancangan produk.
Tuliskan judul proyek untuk kelompok yang akan dikerjakan
dalam semester ini.