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Offshore Structures
MM771
M.A. Kotb
Hydro Mechanics of
Offshore Structures
Lecture (4)
11/26/2014
Hydro Mechanics of
Offshore Structures
MM771
M.A. Kotb
Euler Equations
In 1755, Leonard
Euler applied
Newtons second law
(force = mass x
acceleration) to nonviscous and
incompressible
fluids.
Isaac Newton
(1642-1 727)
11/26/2014
Leonhard Euler
(1707-83)
2
Hydro Mechanics of
Offshore Structures
MM771
M.A. Kotb
Fluid Element
z
p x
p
x 2
w
C
CV
p x
p
x 2
y
x
y
11/26/2014
rgxyz
3
Hydro Mechanics of
Offshore Structures
MM771
M.A. Kotb
p y
y 2
xz
p x
x 2
p x
x 2
p
yz
Du
Fx dm
Dt
C (xc , yc , zc)
xz
p y
y 2
x
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yz
Hydro Mechanics of
Offshore Structures
MM771
M.A. Kotb
Du
Fx dm
Dt
p x
x 2
yz
p x
x 2
yz
u x u y u z u
p x
p x
x 2
x 2
t t x t y t z
pyz py
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u
p
u
u
u
xyz r xyz u v w
x
x
y
z
t
Hydro Mechanics of
Offshore Structures
MM771
M.A. Kotb
u
p
u
u
u
xyz r xyz u v w
x
x
y
z
t
u
p
u
u
u
r u v w
x
x
y
z
t
1 p u
u
u
u
u v w
r x t
x
y
z
1 p u
u
u
u
u v w
r x t
x
y
z
11/26/2014
Hydro Mechanics of
Offshore Structures
MM771
M.A. Kotb
Similarly in y-direction
1 p v
v
v
v
u v w
r y t
x
y
z
and in z-direction
w
1 p
w
w
w
g
u
v
w
r z
x
y
z
t
11/26/2014
Hydro Mechanics of
Offshore Structures
MM771
M.A. Kotb
Thus, the Euler equations for a non-viscous and incompressible flow are:
1 p u
u
u
u
u v w
r x t
x
y
z
in x-direction
1 p v
v
v
v
u v w
r y t
x
y
z
in y-direction
w
1 p
w
w
w
g
u
v
w
r z
x
y
z
t
11/26/2014
in z-direction
Hydro Mechanics of
Offshore Structures
MM771
M.A. Kotb
Bernoulli Equation
Swiss mathematician, son of Johann Bernoulli, who
showed that as the velocity of a fluid increases, the
pressure decreases, a statement known as the
Bernoulli principle. He won the annual prize of the
French Academy ten times for work on vibrating
strings, ocean tides, and the kinetic theory of
gases. For one of these victories, he was ejected
from his jealous father's house, as his father had
also submitted an entry for the prize.
11/26/2014
Daniel Bernoulli
(1700-1782)
Hydro Mechanics of
Offshore Structures
MM771
Substitute in terms of f
M.A. Kotb
in x-direction
1 p u
u
u
u
u v w
r x t
x
y
z
1 p f f f f f f f
r x t x x x x y y x z z x
1 p f f f f f f f
r x t x x x x y x y z x z
11/26/2014
10
Hydro Mechanics of
Offshore Structures
MM771
M.A. Kotb
2
2
2
p f 1 f 1 f 1 f
x r x t 2 x x 2 x y 2 x z
2
2
2
p f 1 f 1 f 1 f
x r x t 2 x 2 y 2 z
2
2
2
p f 1 f 1 f 1 f
0
x r t 2 x 2 y 2 z
2
f 1 f 1 f 1 f
Const y, z , t
r t 2 x 2 y 2 z
p
11/26/2014
11
Hydro Mechanics of
Offshore Structures
MM771
M.A. Kotb
Similarly in y-direction
2
2
2
p f 1 f 1 f
1 f
0
y r t 2 x 2 y 2 z
2
f 1 f 1 f 1 f
Const z , t
r t 2 x 2 y 2 z
p
11/26/2014
12
Hydro Mechanics of
Offshore Structures
MM771
M.A. Kotb
Similarly in z-direction
p f 1 f 1 f 1 f
g
z r t 2 x 2 y 2 z
2
f 1 f 1 f 1 f
gz Const t
r t 2 x 2 y 2 z
p
11/26/2014
13
Hydro Mechanics of
Offshore Structures
MM771
M.A. Kotb
Hence
r t
p
r t
p f
r t
p
2
2
2
1 f f f
gz Const t
2 x y z
1
2
2
2
gz u v w Const t
2
1
gz V 2 Const t
2
f
V2
gz
Const t
r t
2
p
11/26/2014
14
Hydro Mechanics of
Offshore Structures
MM771
M.A. Kotb
Recall
f
V2
gz
Const t
r t
2
p
V2
gz
Const
r
2
p
11/26/2014
15
Hydro Mechanics of
Offshore Structures
MM771
M.A. Kotb
p
V2
z
Const
rg
2g
Or
1
p rgz rV 2 Const
2
11/26/2014
16
Hydro Mechanics of
Offshore Structures
MM771
M.A. Kotb
Hydro Mechanics of
Offshore Structures
MM771
M.A. Kotb
11/26/2014
18
Hydro Mechanics of
Offshore Structures
MM771
M.A. Kotb
11/26/2014
19
Hydro Mechanics of
Offshore Structures
MM771
M.A. Kotb
11/26/2014
20