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Multi-brand retail
Big Bazaar opens mall in above cities: selling t-shirts of multiple-brands such as Reebok, Nike,
Adidas, Allen Solley, Van Huesen, Peter England etc.
+and+ they also sell unbranded t-shirts (you know those buy one get three t-shirts free from
unknown companies.)
So this is multi-brand retail: when an outlet sells a product (tshirt, tie, shoes anything) of more
than one brand.
(http://1.bp.blogspot.com/kgC4bv6unAM/Ttz8YQRaZKI/AAAAAAAAANg/ayC1cDaSfjY/s1600/types+of+brands.png)
Retail means when product is sold to the ultimate consumer (common man)
(http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7kZlOclEIzw/Ttz8pzrZaYI/AAAAAAAAANo/BATPugF86Ag/s1600/structure.p
Same way Once the small time retailers are out of business, Wal-Mart will start exploiting
farmers, paying them extremely low money for their produce, because
now Wal-Mart is the sole retailer in the city.
importantly, if we are second largest producer, then why is so much inflation in food items?
Because Post-harvest more than Rs. 1 trillion worth farm produce, especially of fruits,
vegetables and other perishables, is wasted due of lack of
storage and transport facilities.
More than 50% of this can be saved, if weve proper cold-storage facilities.
Government is not doing much about this (duh they are unable to save even the wheat in PDS,
let alone cold-storage) and the private Indian players
donot have much money to invest in this cold-storage chain or those expensive big transporttrucks of America that we see in Discovery channel.
So if FDI in retail is allowed, the MNCs would invest in cold-storage chains and those big
transport trucks. Means lower wasted of produce. More
supply of fruits and vegetables. According to supply-demand rule the prices will go down.
Right now, 100% FDI Is allowed in Cold-storage chain, but foreign players are not coming there
because theyre not allowed to sell it in retail
malls. There is not much profit margin in operating a cold-storage alone. Itd take years to
recover the investment. Only if MNCs are allowed to sell
the produce as well in their retail malls, theyll feel interested in investing in this cold-storage
game.
Similarly FDI in Wholesale trading was allowed upto 100% since 1997.
There is no organized truck- transport service, the truck operators are running in extremely
competitive environment so theyve to overload their
trucks. Once this overloaded truck goes through checkpoint, policeman will demand bribe for
flouting the road permit provisions.
Since the truck is overloaded, engine efficiency is reduced. He has to get his truck repaired
frequently.
The road quality and traffic Management is bad, more diesel is consumed.
Trucker will add all these costs (bribe, repair, extra diesel) in his service charge.
Truck reaches the city, your local vegetable-vendor pays to offload the carrots but he gotta
maintain his own profit-margin as well, (+ the bribe he
has to pay to local policeman, municipality inspector etc) so the carrots that were lifted for 2
rupees, ultimately get sold for 25 rupees a kilo after
cutting everyones Commission.
When an organized MNC retailer gets in picture, he has his own extremely efficient and
streamlined transport service. So there is no overloading of
trucks, there is very systematic packing of goods. His truck maintenance cost is thus very low
and there is low wastage during transport.
Second, He doesnt have to pay so many bribes at every level, because
1. There is no overloading of trucks, papers are in order. Less chances for policemen etc to
blackmail him into paying bribe.
2. He got deep pockets, he gives big annual donations for election funds to the ruling party and
Diwali gifts to the concerned district officers.
Thats why small time petty officials such as police, municipality, food n sanitation inspector
cant dare to bother him every now and then, as they do
to small time retailers.
So MNC retailers cost price is quite low compared to small-time retailers. Hence he can afford
to give attractive discounts to customers as well.
Same reason why many political parties dislike MNCs in Retail, you can extract more electionfunds from 1000 small time players compared to from one
big player. Big player is less susceptible to arm-twisting compared to a small player.
Example small time cushions, toys, shoes, plastic wares maker. They dont see much business
because they dont have the avenues to sell their
products. Big mall with big floor space, provides them opportunity to market their products and
get customers attention.
Fear exaggerated
Fears of large adverse effects on existing retailers are grossly exaggerated especially since
modern domestic retailing has begun in any case via
desi retailers such as Big Bazzar and Reliance. (10th plan document)
ICRIER STUDIES ON: (i) FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN RETAIL SECTOR-INDIA (2005) and (ii)
IMPACT OF ORGANIZED RETAILING ON THE UNORGANIZED SECTOR-2008
Based on their study
#1 : Not as much job loss as feared
1. Unorganized retailers in the vicinity of organized retailers experienced a decline in their
volume of business and profit in the initial years after
the entry of large organized retailers.
2. The adverse impact on sales and profit, however, weakens over time. There was no evidence
of a decline in overall employment in the unorganized
sector as a result of the entry of organized retailers.
3. The rate of closure of unorganized retail shops in gross terms was found to be 4.2 per cent
FDI is permitted in the retail sector in Brazil, Argentina, Singapore, Indonesia, China and
Thailand without limits on equity participation (that is
100% FDI allowed)
Thailand: Since 1997, 100% FDI. Positive result: Thailand has now become an important
shopping and tourist destination.
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