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Devanagari
Devanagari
DAYvNAH gree
devangar
Devanagari
Nagari Ngar
SiddhaMatrika
primusinterpares
Type
Languages
Contents
Time
period
Parent
systems
Child
systems
Sister
systems
ISO15924 Deva,315
Direction
Unicode
alias
Unicode
range
DevanagariCharacters
Vowel(
Origins
Consonants(
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Ngar
Ngar
lipi
Ngara
ngarlipi
devangar
ngar
devangar
Principle
ka,
a
kana,
kanaya,
n,y)
knaya, kanya,
knya.
virma
knaya
halant
knay.
halant
(sayuktkara
(k,
rtsny
a
ke, ku, k, k,
k,
ku
ka
matras
kanaya
akara
ka
ka.
akshara,
knya
Letters
varaml
Vowels
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As
Independent
Romanised diacritic
form
with
Asdiacritic
Independent
Romanised
form
with
kahya
(Guttural)
tlavya
(Palatal)
ohya
(Labial)
mrdhanya
(Retroflex)
dantya
(Dental)
kahatlavya
(Palato
Guttural)
kahohya
(Labio
Guttural)
anusvra
visarga
a).
anusvra
visarga
s,
r,
visarga
a
candrabindu anunsika
anusvra,
candrabindu
candra
anusvr
akshara
candrabindu,
avagraha
avagraha:
ayam
eko'yam
sadtm
sad tm
!
avagraha
baiha
a
,,
ekas
non
baih
varaml
ru
Consonants
spara
(Plosive)
Voicing
Aspiration
anunsika
(Nasal)
aghoa
alpapra
antastha
(Approximant)
ghoa
mahpra
alpapra
mahpra
ma/saghahr
(Fricative)
aghoa
alpapra
ghoa
mahpra
kahya
(Guttural)
tlavya
(Palatal)
mrdhanya
(Retroflex)
dantya
(Dental)
ohya
(Labial)
other
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nuqt
zha
qa
fa
ha
xa
za
ha
Schwasyncopeinconsonants
Mainarticle:SchwadeletioninIndoAryanlanguages
schwasyncoperule
schwadeletionrule
>|VC_CV
Rm
Rma
devangar
Racn
movement
theheart
sarak.n
activity
Racan
Vd
Vda
Namkn
devngr
Namakna
har.kat
theheartstartedbeating
beatsof
dhaak.n
dha.kan
"soundveryunnatural"
toslide
"extremelydifficultforthelistener"
Allophonyof'v'and'w'inHindi
woman
vrat fast
wrat
conditionalallophones
pakvn fooddish
vrat
wrat
aurat
fast
Conjuncts
YouwillbeabletoseetheligaturesonlyifyoursystemhasaUnicodefontinstalledthatincludestherequiredligatureglyphs(suchasoneoftheTDIL
"externallinks"below).
fonts,see
conjunct
va na ca la
(a)
ra
va na ca la
ra
r(a)
rva
rv
rspa
rsp
ta
k(a) ch(a)
all
tra
d(a)
h(a)
ph(a)
k
Sanskrit
Biconsonantalconjuncts
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Accentmarks
Mainarticle:Vedicaccent
anudtta
svarita
udtta
Punctuation
pravirm
danda
alpavirm
Oldforms
Lettervariants
Standardform Variantform
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Numerals
Seealso:Indiannumerals,BrahminumeralsandHinduArabicnumeralsystem
Devanagaridigits
Fonts
Transliteration
Mainarticle:Devanagaritransliteration
Hunteriansystem
Mainarticle:Hunteriantransliteration
nationalsystemofromanisationinIndia
ISO15919
Mainarticle:ISO15919
IAST
CongressofOrientalists
HarvardKyoto
ITRANS
devangar
ALALCRomanisation
WX
Mainarticle:WXnotation
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Encodings
ISCII
Unicode
Mainarticles:Devanagari(Unicodeblock),DevanagariExtended(Unicodeblock)andVedicExtensions(Unicodeblock)
Devanagari
Notes
^
DevanagariExtended
Notes
^
^
VedicExtensions
Notes
^
^
Devanagarikeyboardlayouts
ForalistofDevanagariinputtoolsandfonts,pleaseseeHelp:Multilingualsupport(Indic).
InScriptlayout
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Typewriter
Phonetic
Seealso
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari
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References
Footnotes
HistoryoftheAlphabet:AryanAlphabets,Part2
...IntheKutilathisdevelopsintoashort
horizontalbar,which,intheDevanagari,becomesacontinuoushorizontalline...threecardinalinscriptionsofthisepoch,namely,theKutilaorBareliinscriptionof992,theChalukya
orKistnainscriptionof945,andaKawiinscriptionof919...theKutilainscriptionisofgreatimportanceinIndianepigraphy,notonlyfromitsprecisedate,butfromitsofferinga
definiteearlyformofthestandardIndianalphabet,theDevanagari...
GazetteeroftheBombayPresidency(https://books.google.com/books?id=0bkMAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA30)
omniglot.com
Ahistoryofwriting
...anearlybranchofthis,asofthefourthcenturyCE,wastheGuptascript,Brahmi's
firstmaindaughter...theGuptaalphabetbecametheancestorofmostIndicscripts(usuallythroughlaterDevanagari)...Nagari,ofIndia'snorthwest,firstappearedaround633CE
...intheeleventhcentury,NagarihadbecomeDevanagari,or'heavenlyNagari',sinceitwasnowthemainvehicle,outofseveral,forSanskritliterature...
AnnualReportoftheBoardofRegentsoftheSmithsonianInstitution(https://books.google.com/books?id=avFDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA671)
Language,speech,andmind,Part2
...Theimplicit/a/isnotreadwhenthe
symbolappearsinwordfinalpositionorincertainothercontextswhereitisobligatorilydeletedviathesocalledschwadeletionrulewhichplaysacrucialroleinHindiword
phonology...
AhistoryoftheHindigrammaticaltradition:HindiHindustanigrammar,grammarians,historyandproblems
...Hindiliterature
failsasareliableindicatoroftheactualpronunciationbecauseitiswrittenintheDevanagariscript...theschwasyncoperulewhichoperatesinHindi...
ProceedingsoftheWorkshopofthe
ACLSpecialInterestGrouponComputationalPhonology(SIGPHON)
...schwadeletionisanimportantissueforgraphemetophoneme
conversionofIAL,whichinturnisrequiredforagoodTexttoSpeechsynthesiser...
InternationalJournalofSpeechTechnology ...Withouttheappropriate
deletionofschwas,anyspeechoutputwouldsoundunnatural.SincetheorthographicalrepresentationofDevanagarigiveslittleindicationofdeletionsites,modernTTSsystemsfor
Hindiimplementedschwadeletionrulesbasedonthesegmentalcontextwhereschwaappears...
ThergsofNorthIndianmusic:theirstructureandevolution
...TheDevnagri(Devanagari)scriptis
syllabicandallconsonantscarrytheinherentvowelaunlessotherwiseindicated.TheprincipaldifferencebetweenmodernHindiandtheclassicalSanskritformsistheomissionin
Hindi...
ProceedingsoftheInternationalConferenceOnKnowledgeBased
ComputerSystems ...Withoutanyschwadeletion,notonlythetwowordswillsoundveryunnatural,butitwillalsobeextremelydifficultforthelistenertodistinguishbetweenthe
two,theonlydifferencebeingnasalisationoftheeattheendoftheformer.However,anativespeakerwouldpronouncetheformerasdha.DkaneMandthelaterasdha.Dakne,which
areclearlydistinguishable...
ImplicationsofHindiProsodicStructure(CurrentTrendsinPhonology:ModelsandMethods)
...showedextremelyregularpatterns.Asisnotuncommoninastudyofsubphonemicdetail,the
objectivedatapatternedmuchmorecleanlythanintuitivejudgments...[w]occurswhen//isinonglideposition...[v]occursotherwise...
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TheIndicScripts:PaleographicandLinguisticPerspecticves
TheUnicodeStandard,v.6.0
APrimerofModernStandardHindi
TransliterationintoRomanandDevanagariofthelanguagesoftheIndiangroup
...Withthepassageoftimetherehasemergeda
practicallyuniformsystemoftransliterationofDevanagariandalliedalphabets.Nevertheless,nosinglesystemofRomanisationhasyetdeveloped...
Technicalreferencemanualforthestandardisationof
geographicalnames
...ISO15919...ThereisnoevidenceoftheuseofthesystemeitherinIndiaorininternational
cartographicproducts...TheHunteriansystemistheactuallyusednationalsystemofromanisationinIndia...
UnitedNationsRegionalCartographicConferenceforAsiaandtheFarEast,Volume2
...InIndia
theHunteriansystemisused,wherebyeverysoundinthelocallanguageisuniformlyrepresentedbyacertainletterintheRomanalphabet...
Indianscientific&technicalpublications,exhibition1960:abibliography
...The
Hunteriansystemoftransliteration,whichhasinternationalacceptance,hasbeenused...
Generalreferences
TheIndoAryanLanguages
TeachYourselfBeginner'sHindiScript
TheIndoAryanLanguages
TheIndoAryanLanguages
APracticalSanskritIntroductory
CensusandcataloguesofmanuscriptsinDevanagari
ACatalogueofSanskritManuscriptsinPrivateLibraries(https://books.google.com/books?id=JjxFAAAAYAAJ)
ADescriptiveCatalogueoftheSanskritManuscripts(https://books.google.com/books?id=QDQmb2XIr8C)
De.
CatalogueoftheSanskritManuscripts(https://books.google.com/books?id=6nooAAAAYAAJ)
Externallinks
Devanagari
GazetteeroftheBombayPresidency(https://books.google.com/books?id=0bkMAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA30)
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