AN5116-02 Technical Manual

FH/JSSC0102049AUEN
AN5116-02 Broadband Access Unit
Technical Manual
Fiberhome Telecommunication Technologies, Co., Ltd.

November 2005
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Thank you very much for choosing our products! Your
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comprehensive technical support and after service.
Please contact your local sales representative, service
representative or distributor for any help needed by one
of the following methods.
Fiberhome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd.
Address: #88 Youkeyuan Rd., Wuhan, China
Zip code: 430074
Tel:
+86-27-87691549 (Service Hotline)

+86-27-87693756 (Service Transaction)
Fax:
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Website: http://www.fiberhome.com.cn
All Rights Reserved

No part of this document (including the electronic
version) may be reproduced or disseminated in any form
or by any means without prior written permission of
FiberHome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd.
(Hereinafter referred to as FiberHome)
Information in this document is subject to change
without notice.
are trademarks of FiberHome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd.

All other trademarks mentioned in this document are the property of their
respective owners.
Contents
Contents
Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................... VII
Abbreviation..........................................................................................................................................................IX
Chapter1
General Introduction............................................................................................................................. 1
1.1
Network development and requirement................................................................................................ 1
1.2
AN5116-02 unit introduction.................................................................................................................2
1.3
AN5116-02 unit position in network..................................................................................................... 3
1.4
Unit features...........................................................................................................................................5
1.5
Unit compatibility.................................................................................................................................. 7
1.6
Typical networking examples................................................................................................................ 8

1.6.1
Broadband/narrowband services divided networking example................................................8
1.6.2
Broadband/narrowband services integrated networking example..........................................10
Chapter2
Unit Elements and Structures..............................................................................................................11
2.1
Unit elements frame............................................................................................................................. 11
2.2
Unit subrack structure..........................................................................................................................12
2.3
Service support.....................................................................................................................................15
2.4
Card arrangement.................................................................................................................................15
Chapter3
Card Function Introduction.................................................................................................................17
3.1
Gigabit switch card (GSWC)...............................................................................................................17
3.2
EPON interface card (EC2)................................................................................................................. 18
3.3
Service aggregation control card......................................................................................................... 20
3.4
3.5
3.3.1
Narrowband control card (AC16)...........................................................................................20
3.3.2
STM-1 interface card (TDM)................................................................................................. 21
Uplink interface card........................................................................................................................... 23

3.4.1
Gigabit uplink card (GUP7)....................................................................................................23
3.4.2
Gigabit uplink card (GUPE7)................................................................................................. 24
2M interface card (16E1).....................................................................................................................25

I
AN5116-02 Broadband/Narrowband Access Unit Technical Manual
Chapter4
Network Management Introduction....................................................................................................27
4.1
Network management description....................................................................................................... 27
4.2
CLI interface........................................................................................................................................ 27
4.3
GUI interface....................................................................................................................................... 29
4.4
Networking management method........................................................................................................30

4.4.1
COM port CLI management................................................................................................... 30
4.4.2
TELNET management............................................................................................................ 31
4.4.3
SNMP management................................................................................................................ 33
Chapter5
Technical Specifications......................................................................................................................35
5.1
Unit technical specifications................................................................................................................35
5.2
Rack external interfaces.......................................................................................................................36
5.3
5.2.1
Service interface......................................................................................................................36
5.2.2
Management interface.............................................................................................................36
5.2.3
Other interfaces....................................................................................................................... 36
Working condition................................................................................................................................37
5.3.1
Environment condition............................................................................................................37
5.3.2
Power supply...........................................................................................................................37
5.3.3
Unit earthing........................................................................................................................... 37
Appendix A Unit Protocols and Technologies Introduction............................................................................ A-1

A.1 EPON................................................................................................................................................. A-1
A.2 VLAN................................................................................................................................................ A-3
A.3 STP.....................................................................................................................................................A-6
A.4 Port trunking...................................................................................................................................... A-7
A.5 Multicast............................................................................................................................................ A-8
A.6 V5 protocol...................................................................................................................................... A-12
A.7 Cluster management........................................................................................................................ A-13
A.8 PPPoE protocol................................................................................................................................ A-15
A.9 BRAS............................................................................................................................................... A-17
II
Figures
Figures
Figure 1-1 AN5116-02 unit position in network..........................................................................................4
Figure 1-2
Broadband/narrowband services divided networking method.................................................. 9
Figure 1-3
Broadband/narrowband services integrated networking method............................................ 10
Figure 2-1
Unit elements frame................................................................................................................ 11
Figure 2-2 AN5116-02 product view......................................................................................................... 13

Figure 2-3 AN5116-02 subrack front view................................................................................................13
Figure 2-4 AN5116-02 subrack rear view................................................................................................. 14
Figure 4-1
COM port connection...............................................................................................................30
Figure 4-2 Telnet connection in LAN....................................................................................................... 31

Figure 4-3 Telnet connection in WAN...................................................................................................... 32
Figure 4-4 Telnet connection in internal network management............................................................... 32
Figure 4-5 ANM2000 SNMP management connection............................................................................33
FigureA-1
Port-based VLAN example.................................................................................................... A-4
FigureA-2
IEEE802.1Q VLAN frame structure......................................................................................A-5
FigureA-3
Multicast................................................................................................................................. A-8
FigureA-4
Cluster management structure..............................................................................................A-13
FigureA-5
PPPoE protocol stacks for Ethernet..................................................................................... A-15
FigureA-6
PPPoE communication process............................................................................................A-16
FigureA-7
PPPoE data encapsulation stages......................................................................................... A-17
III
Tables
Tables
Table 2-1
Card arrangement......................................................................................................................15
Table 3-1
GSWC gigabit switch card technical specifications.................................................................18
Table 3-2
EPON interface card technical specifications.......................................................................... 19
Table 3-3 AC16 card technical specifications...........................................................................................20

Table 3-4
STM-1 interface card technical specifications......................................................................... 22
Table 3-5
Gigabit uplink card technical specifications.............................................................................23
Table 3-6
Gigabit uplink card (GUPE7) technical specifications............................................................ 24
Table 5-1
Unit technical specifications.....................................................................................................35
Foreword
Foreword
Thank you for choosing products of FiberHome Telecommunication Technologies Co.,
Ltd, and its our great honor for you to be our customer. For customers to get ready to use
this equipment, we prepared this user manual with entire and specific contents. Before
using AN5116-02 broadband/narrowband access unit at the first time, please read though
the whole manual carefully, and this helps you to use this unit better.
This manual introduces functions and specifications of AN5116-02 broadband/
narrowband access unit produced by FiberHome, and network management and
protocols.
This manual includes:

& Unit working principle, structure and config;
& Card function description;
& Unit network management introduction;
& Technical specifications;
& Relative protocols and technical standards.
This manual is organized for:

Sales and marketing persons, technical support engineers and users of our products.
No part of this document (including the electronic version) may be reproduced or
disseminated in any form or by any means without prior written permission of
The manual is subject to change without notice.
It is welcomed of any comments and suggestions related to this manual.
VII
Abbreviation
Abbreviation
BAS
Broadband Access Server
CATV
Cable Television
DBA
Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DMT
Discrete Multi-Tone
EDFA
Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifier
EMC
Electro Magnetic Compatibility
EPON
Ethernet Passive Optical Network
FDD
Frequency Division Duplex
FTP
File Transfer Protocol
FTTH
Fiber To The Home
FTTO
Fiber To The Office
IGMP
Internet Group Management Protocol
IP
Internet Protocol
IPTV
Internet Protocol Television
LAN
Local Area Network
LLID
Logical Link Identifier
MAC
Medium Access Control
NGN
Next Generation Network
OLT
Optical Line Terminal
ONU
Optical Network Unit
OSPF
Open Shortest Path First
PTMP
Point to Multipoint
PCR
Peak Cell Rate
PON
Passive Optical Network
POTS
Plain Old Telephone Service

IX
PPP
Point-to-Point Protocol
PPPOE
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet
PSTN
Public Switched Telephone Network
QoS
Quality of Service
RIP
Routing Information Protocol
SLA
Service Level Agreement
SNI
Service Node Interface
SNI
Service-Network Interface
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol
STM
Synchronous Transport Module
STP
Spanning Tree Protocol
UNI
User-Network Interface
VLAN
Virtual Local Area Network
Chapter 1
Chapter 1
1.1
General Introduction
Network development and requirement

Aggregation is the final aim to pursuit in telecom network development all the time, and
people agree with the Aggregated Network method long time ago. Nowadays as Fiber
to the Home technology develops and NGN soft switch comes true, it delivers a strong
message of network aggregation, and shows a tendency of fast developing network.
Subscribers service requirements also vary from single voice service in the early period to
the requirements for data, video multimedia and online game services, coming from
separated single service to integrated multiple services, and still in changing.
As competition increases in the access market and switch technology matures, FTTH,
aggregated network, and integrated access are being important methods in access network.
Unit designed for this access network shall include the following features:
Service access ability: integrated equipment can provide multiple narrowband

services such as POTS, ISDN, and DDN; and broadband services such as
ETHERNET, ADSL, VDSL, and SHDSL. Optical fiber access method can provide an
infinitude of bandwidth, and its utility bandwidth is not affected by distance.
Network construction: using this unit saves the machine room space, saves facility
construction cost, and makes full use of the utility equipments. All these lowers the
network constructing cost greatly. Adopting optical fiber access can aggregate
networks together, namely providing multiple services such as voice, data and video
together in a single mode optical fiber. This saves much optical fiber and copper wire
resources, and no need to lay other lines when new services are available. When
adopting point to multipoint technologies in passive optical network, optical fiber is
saved much more.
1
Network operation: it provides unified network management system for broadband

and narrowband, and that is convenient for integrated maintenance and management
in broadband and narrowband networks, increases operation and maintenance
efficiency, and lowers operation and maintenance cost.
System maintenance: failure rate of optical fiber access is much lower than copper
wire access, and that decreases much of the cable maintenance cost; point to
multipoint passive optical network is more convenient for maintaining because it is
passive, and it solves the problems of power supply and difficult maintaining for
equipments with power supply.
1.2 AN5116-02 Unit introduction

AN5116-02 broadband/narrowband access unit developed by FiberHome is an optical fiber
access unit for aggregated network. It is an integrated access system of a new generation
(FSAN), a unified access unit of carrier class designed for telecommunication companies.
It combines the data network, telephone net and TV net together, providing all telephone
services with traditional link switch method, and new broadband services via package
switching. It integrates the two methods, and adopts multi-service transmitting technology,
so as to provide a unified network and service operation. In a unified platform, it accesses,
aggregates and transmits multifold services to various broadband/narrowband networks,
and is capable to upgrade into soft switch networks, meeting the requirements of network
development.
AN5116-02 broadband/narrowband access unit is based on gigabit Ethernet passive optical
network technology. It supports single fiber three wavelengths (1550nm, 1490nm, 1310nm)
mode and dual-fiber three wavelengths mode, 1550nm wavelength for CATV service,
1490nm and 1310nm wavelengths for synchronous shared bandwidth as high as 1G.
Besides CATV services, users can enjoy various of broadband/narrowband services such as
telephone, fax, and IPTV in the same remote-end unit (ONU).
2
Chapter 1
This unit is based on pure IP core, provides EPON broadband IP service interface,
narrowband voice service and CATV image service in user end user network interface
(UNI); in service network interface (SNI) for E1 (V5), STM-1, and FE/GE interfaces,
connecting PSTN, DDN and ATM/IP networks, separating services.
AN5116-02 is industrial leading, aggregation network supporting FTTH access unit. It is
highly reliable, manageable, flexible for expansion capacity and networking with
guarantee of quality of service (QoS). All functions and performances meet the ITU-T and
IEEE suggestions and related international industrial standards. Its electro magnetic
compatibility (EMC) meets requirements of CISPR22, CISPR24 and IEC61000 relative
standards. Considering technical standards and requirements of next generation network
(NGN), this unit is capable to upgrade VoIP to soft switch network.
1.3 AN5116-02 unit in network

AN5116-02 broadband/narrowband unit is located at the edge of the access network,
between the subscribers and converge equipments, directly connecting the subscribers. It is
suitable for FTTH/FTTO applications. Generally it is laid in districts or buildings. Users
can choose proper user-end units, and it is also capable to connect simple network with the
trunk layer equipment directly. AN5116-02 unit position in network is shown as follows:

Adjustable
Attenuator
ONU
Wave Coupler
ODU
1:32
ONU
Backup
Power
IPTV Set-on-Top
Box
TV
Computer
Phone1 Phone2
Figure 1-1 AN5116-02 unit position in network

AN5116-02 is an access equipment in the office-end, and ONU is user-end equipment,
generally AN5006-0X unit.
This unit adopts carrier class redundancy protection and integrated power supply. It
supports prioritized redundant protection for core switch card, avoiding single card failure,
and is highly reliable.
With AN5116-02 broadband/narrowband access unit, an entire solution of an aggregated
FTTH network is provided for users, and including multifold equipments and systems of
low cost, efficient, manageable, and easy operating for operators.
Chapter 1
1.4
Unit features
AN5116-02 broadband/narrowband unit has the following features:
As a Gigabit IP switch platform, its core switching speed reaches 48G, and 96G of
backboard switching capability.
Integrated broadband and narrowband, card inserted upright, broadband and

narrowband services supported simultaneously, and dense ports. Each subrack
supports 32 1000M EPON optical interfaces, and each EPON port supports 64 ONUs
(Optical Network Unit) max. When it provides phone service adopting EPON method,
each subrack is capable to connect to 2048 phone lines if line split rate is 1:64 and
each ONU connects 2 phone lines. The 2.2m subrack supports up to 3 AN5116-02
subracks.
User interface card of this unit contains EPON interface card (2 PON ports in each
card), STM-1 interface card, and uplink card provides uplink interfaces, such as
10/100/1000M electrical port, 1000M optical port, and all have port aggregation
ability.
Supports hot plug for all types of interface cards, and supports redundancy card
switch for core switch card to achieve 1+1 protection.
When optical split rate is 1:32, the unit supports no less than 20km transmitting, and
when optical split rate is 1:64, it supports at least 10km transmitting.
It supports flexible configuration of PON cards, and the two PON ports can be set to
1:1 protection for EPON service, or two individual PON.
It supports user line test, automatic alarm for fiber breaking of remote-end ONU, and
automatic alarm for power failure of remote-end ONU.
It supports remote test for remote-end units, and loop back test for remote-end ONUs.
It supports remote-end unit power backup, and this ensures phone service continuing
for at least 1 hour when power fails.
Each PON supports up to 192 logic links, and single ONU supports 3 individual
LLID (Logic Link Identifier), providing fine QoS for users; service classifying mode
based on layer 2 and 3 supports flexible service mapping selection for users.
-48V independent power source supplies separate power. This enhances system
stability, and the entire system will not be affected by power failure.
The unit supports multiple telecom characteristics such as MAC address and IP
address binding and filtering, bandwidth controlling, VLAN (two classifying modes
based on port and 802.1Q), and flow controlling, which are operative and
manageable.
The unit is highly capable for dynamic bandwidth assignment (DBA) and bandwidth
share, and it enhances bandwidth utility effectively.
It is flexible for bandwidth management. Its double management mode based on SLA
and priority ensures users requirements for minimum assigned bandwidth and low
time delay of high priority level services (TDM).
The system supports automatic discover and register for ONU, and supports a service
mode of first set and then discover.
The unit supports AES-128bit encryption, providing a fine security guaranteed system
for users.
It is fully capable for network management, convenient for maintenance, and is of

multiple operative and administrable telecom characteristics.
With centralized network management system based on SNMPv1/v2c, it supports

remote control method of RMON, TELNET, and FTP, and also supports local
management via COM port.
Chapter 1
Supports full functions of layer 2 Ethernet switch, including 802.1Q VLAN (VLAN
based on port or 802.1Q), 802.1D spanning tree protocol (STP), priority control,
IGMP snooping, IGMP proxy, 802.3X flow control, port mirror, 802.3ad port
aggregation, Mac address binding/filtering, and broadcast control, etc.
Its BRAS function supports PPPoE certification and charging; capable to terminate
2048 PPPoE conversations simultaneously; providing charging function based on
standard RADIUS protocol, it can charge by time or flow, and supports switching
between the main certificated charging servers and the backup ones.
It supports 802.1X certification.
The unit supports group management function in national standards, and supports
Ethernet switch group management technical standard patent of FiberHome. This
patent is authorized, and is capable to enhance IP address utility fully.
Narrowband service interface adopts V5 protocol when connected via E1 port; adopts
MGCP/H.248/ SIP protocols via soft switch.
1.5
It supports QoS and ACL functions, and is capable to classify and process data flow.
Unit compatibility
The structure of this unit is similar with AN2200-02 / AN3300-01 units produced by
FiberHome, and using the same backboard; and also capable to use ADSL, VDSL, and
LAN interface board of AN2200 series units; uplink port provides standard Ethernet
interface, and it can work together with BE2000 series Ethernet switches to networking.
1.6 Typical networking examples

AN5116-02 unit can be used in various conditions according to users demands, and the
followings are examples of broadband/narrowband services individual networking and
integrated networking.
1.6.1
Broadband/narrowband services divided networking example

Broadband data service and POTS narrowband service are transmitted via each uplink port,
and are individual. In ONU, narrowband service in TDM form is transacted in IP packages,
and transmitted to GSWC card via optical fiber together with broadband signals. Then
broadband signals are transmitted to uplink card directly and uplinked to internet;
narrowband voice signals are transmitted to AC16 card, and when reverted to TDM signals,
they are uplinked to PSTN switch in V5 protocol via E1 port. The networking method is
shown in Figure 1-2.
Chapter 1
Figure 1-2 Broadband/narrowband services divided networking method
1.6.2
Broadband/narrowband integrated networking example

This networking method combines broadband and narrowband services. In ONU
narrowband services are converted into IP form, and transmitted to GSWC card together
with broadband signals via optical fiber, and then transmitted to Gigabit uplink card and
uplinked to soft switch network. The networking method is shown as follows.
Figure 1-3
10
Broadband/narrowband services integrated networking method
Chapter 2
Chapter 2
Unit Elements and Structures
This chapter introduces AN5116-02 unit basic elements and subrack structures, giving an
overall introduction of the unit, and introducing unit card arrangement.
2.1
Unit elements frame

This unit is composed by core switch module, uplink interface module and user interface
module three parts together.
Core switch module: providing switch network platform and switch control system.
Uplink interface module: the Gigabit uplink port provides data service, and STM1/E1 uplink port for TDM voice service.
User interface module: provides EPON user interface.
This unit adopts full IP kernel, namely IP packages flow inside the unit. Signals flow in the
unit is shown in the following figure:
Figure 2-1
Unit elements frame

11
Note: each arrow in this figure stands for:

Data bus in host mode
Data bus in backup mode

Control bus
In network management path, special management VLAN can be set to separate

management and data, and this ensures management commands and data services will not
affect each other.
Data processing progress includes uplink data process and downlink data process.
When uplink data enters EPON user interface card via PON port, EPON data flow will be
reverted to Ethernet data flow when processed by this card, and be transmitted to GSW
core switch card. After switch processing, it is uplinked to uplink card, and uplink data
service processing is completed.
Downlink data enters AN5116-02 system via uplink Gigabit card. When GSW core switch
card receives data, it confirms corresponding output ports according to destination MAC
address, and forwards data to the corresponding EPON user interface cards, and after that
the EPON user interface card forwards to ONU.
2.2
Unit subrack structure

AN5116-02 subrack is standard 19 rack, 14U high, dimension is 480621.5365 (width
heightdepth, mm), 40kg weight.
When rack height (height can be customized) is 2.2m, 3 subracks can be installed in each
rack, and supports cascade connection. Figure 2-2 is product view of the unit subrack.
12
Chapter 2
Figure 2-2 AN5116-02 product view

Backboard of this unit is in the center of the subrack, and card can be installed in the front
side and in the back side. Figure 2-3, Figure 2-4 shows front view and rear view of card
installation in the subrack.
Subrack front view
Figure 2-3 AN5116-02 subrack front view

13
As shown in the upper figure, there are 20 slots in the front panel. They are numbered 1-20
from left to right, in which number 1-8 and 11-18 slots are for user interface cards, slots
number 9 and number 10 are for core switch card (GSW), and number 19, 20 for
narrowband voice control card. Upside of the subrack is fan unit, and in the bottom is air
flow unit. In the front of the fan unit are a working indicate LED and an alarm indicate
LED.
Subrack rear view
Figure 2-4 AN5116-02 subrack rear view

As shown in the upper figure, the number 29 slot corresponding to GSW is for uplink card
slot, and slot number 39 is for 2M interface card. In the upper side of the subrack are two
48V connectors and an alarm connector.
14
Chapter 2
2.3
Service support
16 user interface cards (EC2) can be installed in an AN5116-02 single subrack, actualizing
triplex services binding of voice, data and image (triple play). STM-1 interface is uplink
port for E1 path to access E1 service; AC16 card is control part unit compatible with
narrowband data and voice services, to actualize voice service access. When connected to
PSTN network via V5 protocol, 16 V5 interfaces for 2M uplink are provided by AC16 card.
There are plenty types of data and VOIP uplink cards, including GUP7 (3
10/100/1000Base-T ports, 4 1000Base-SX ports), GUPE7 (7 10/100/1000Base-T ports)
and 2M uplink interface card, and it is highly convenient for users networking with these
interfaces.
2.4
Card arrangement
The table below lists all cards which can be installed in the unit, and users can select if
need.
Table 2-1 Card arrangement
Install
Code
Card Slot
Card Name
Direction
9, 10
Front
Quantity
Note
Max 2, as hot backup
Name
Gigabit core switch card
GSWC
1-2
EPON interface card
EC2
1-16
STM-1 interface card
TDM
0-4
Voice interface card
AC16
1-2
Gigabit uplink card
GUP7
0-1
One for each subrack, choose
Gigabit uplink card
GUPE7
0-1
one from the two
2M interface card
16E1
0-1
One for each subrack
1-8, 11-18
19, 20
User select
29
Back
39
15
Chapter 3
Card Function Introduction
Chapter 3 Card Function Introduction

This chapter classifies cards by card slot, and introduces all functions of cards that may be
used in this unit, including Gigabit core switch card, EPON interface card, AC16 card,
STM-1 interface card, Gigabit uplink card and 2M interface card.
3.1
Gigabit switch card (GSWC)

This card is installed in slot number 9, and 10 in front of the subrack.
Card number/board number: 2.115.244/7..822.991.
Structure: this card is mainly built up by main switch part and CPU control core.
Main function: this Gigabit switch card is the core of the entire unit, and it is for
performance management, failure management and config management of the unit.
Protocol support: this unit supports layer 3 route and layer 2 switch technique, data
packages classifying and filtering of layer 2-7, and TRUNK, QoS, etc; supports mapping
tree protocol, avoiding looping in the network; supports priority protocol, and provides
multiple services; supports IPv4/IPX route protocol; provides various of flow control
methods; supports 802.1q VLAN technique, providing powerful network management
function, and fits application of the carrier class.
Technical specifications are listed in table 3-1.
17
Table 3-1
GSWC Gigabit core switch card technical specifications
Network standards
Port
IEEE 802.1d, IEEE 802.1p, IEEE 802.1q, etc.

1 COM port for command line debug
Work mode
10/100/1000Mbps, full duplex
Switch mode
Store-and-Forward
Backboard switch speed

Max package forward speed
MAC address
Buffer
Work state indicate LED
Power
Power consumption
96 Gbit/s
1,488,100pps (1000MBase-TX)
16 K
1M Bytes
1 working indicate LED and 2 alarm indicate LEDs
-48V DC
<60W
Operating temperature
-10 ~ 45
Storage temperature
-30 ~ 60
Storage humidity
3.2
IEEE802.3, IEEE802.3u, IEEE 802.3z, IEEE802.3x,
10% ~ 90%
EPON interface card (EC2)

This card is installed in any slot of number 1-8 and 11-18 in front of the unit.
This card is the most important one in the EPON system, providing access services for
broadband data service and telephone service. It provides two PON port, can be set as two
lines of individual PON, as well as 1:1 protection.
There are two types of EC2 card according to different transmit length.
When optic transmit length is 10 km, EC2 card number/board number is
2.170.712/7.824.015.
When optic transmit length is 20 km, EC2 card number/board number is
2.170.692/7.824.015.
18
Chapter 3
EPON data path provides services for broadband data service and narrowband voice
service. System provides definite individual logic path for each broadband and narrowband
users, separates them and provides different QoS guarantees for them via logic paths. Each
user can monopolize one logic path, or share a logic path with other users via a common
port.
Table 3-2
Network standards
Ports
EPON interface card technical specifications
IEEE802.3, 802.3ah, IEEE802.3u, IEEE 802.3z, IEEE802.3x,

IEEE 802.1d, IEEE 802.1p, IEEE 802.1q, RFC2236, etc.
Two 1000BASE-PX10/20 ports, one 10/100/1000BASE-TX port, 1
debug COM port
Work mode
Full duplex/ half duplex
Switch mode
Store-and-Forward
Max package forward

speed
MAC address
Buffer
Work indicate LED
Max split rate
Max LLID
Bandwidth assign
granularity
Optical fiber connector
1,488,100pps (1000Mbase-TX)
4K
1M Bits
3 ACT indicate LEDs, 2 ALM indicate LEDs
1:64
192/ PON
256 k
Type SC/PC
Network cable
Power
Power consumption
1000Base-TX: standard CAT5 unshielded twisted pair;
Under 1:32 split rate:
1000Base-PX10: G.652 single mode fiber, transmit length10KM
1000Base-PX20: G.652 single mode fiber, transmit length20KM
-48V DC
<40W
-10 ~ 45
Storage temperature
-30 ~ 60
Storage humidity
10% ~ 90%
19
3.3
3.3.1
Service aggregation control card

Narrowband control card (AC16)
This card is installed in slot numbered 19 and 20 in front of the subrack.
Card number/board number: 2.119.130/7.824.014.
Structure: this card is built up by Ethernet interface, E1 line interface, 2M framing, FPGA
circuit, cross connect, VOIP module, buffer drive module, line busy generator, main
control module and interface conversion module.
Main function: it completes control and management to POTS narrowband service cards.
Two types of interfaces, E1 and Ethernet, are provided. V5 interface and soft switch
interface are provided to POTS cards, and also for EPON users (ONU).
Table 3-3 AC16 card technical specifications
Interface
16 E1 ports and 1 100M Ethernet port in backboard,

E1 port impedance 120 or 75
one 232 debug COM port and 1 10M Ethernet port

in front panel
E1 port standards
Indicate LED
Power
Power consumption
international standards
4 types of indicate LED
-48V DC
< 20 W
-10 ~ 45
Storage temperature
-30 ~ 60
Storage humidity
20
Meet requirements of ITU-T G703, G823 and related
10% ~ 90%
Chapter 3
3.3.2
STM-1 interface card (TDM)

This card can be installed in any slot of number 1-8 and 11-18 in front of the subrack.
This card actualizes E1 circuit emulation and multiplex access functions of STM-1 based
on package switch network , providing E1 circuit access service for EPON system. It
extends available services provided in EPON system, and makes EPON system support
TDM service besides data and voice services. It adopts enhanced auto-select clock restore
method. This simplifies system design, for there is no need to adjust pointer or clock
reference source.
21
Table 3-4 STM-1 interface card technical specifications

Power
-48V DC
Power consumption
<25W
-10 ~ 45
Storage temperature
-30 ~ 60
Storage humidity
10% ~ 90%
Interface type
STM-1
Bit rate
155520 kbit/s
Application classify code
S-1.1
L-1.1
Operating wave range
1261-1361 Nm
1261-1361 Nm
Transmitter
performance
in S point
Performance
in S, R point
Optical type
MLM
MLM
SLM
Max rms spectrum ()
7.7nm
4nm
Max -20DB spectrum
1nm
30dB
Min side mode

suppression ratio
Max transmit power
-8dBm
Min transmit power
-15dBm
-5dBm
Min extinction ratio
8.2dBm
10dBm
Attenuation range
0-12dB
10-28dB
Max chromatic dispersion
96ps/nm
185ps/nm
NA
Min optical fiber return

loss in S point
NA
NA
NA
NA
Worst sensitivity
-28+3dBm (aging
-34+3dBm (aging
(BER10-10)
redundancy)
redundancy)
-8dBm
-18dBm
1dB
1dB
NA
NA
(with any slip connector)

Max discrete reflectance
in S, R point
Receiver
Min overload point
performance
(BER10-10)
in R point
Max optical path penalty

Receiver max reflectance
in R point
22
Chapter 3
3.4
Uplink interface card

Card of this series can only be installed in number 29 slot in back of the subrack.
3.4.1
Gigabit uplink card (GUP7)

This card is mainly for broadband service uplink, including 3 10/100/1000M auto-select
electrical ports, 4 1000M optical ports and 1 FE 100M port. The optical port adopts SFP
packaging, optical connector type is LC/PC, and supports hot plug; the electrical port is
Gigabit Ethernet interface. These electrical ports can be used as interfaces for internal
network management, and the FE 100M port can be used as external network management
interface. Network management interface can be connected to ANM2000 network
management unit or be connected to general PC via Telnet to control the unit. Furthermore,
there is an RS485 port for power environment monitoring unit and two test port T1 and T2.
Table 3-5 Gigabit uplink card technical specifications
Network standard
Ports
Max package forward
speed
Power
Power consumption
IEEE802.3, IEEE802.3u, IEEE802.3x and IEEE802.3z

4 Gigabit optical ports ; 3 10/100/1000Mbps electrical ports, full duplex;
1 FE 100M port; 2 test ports and 1 RS485 port.
1,488,095bps
-48V DC
<15W
1000Base-TX: standard CAT5 unshielded twistewd pair
Network cable
1000Base-SX: 50/125m multimode optical fiber (500m max)

1000Base-LX: 1310/1510nm single mode optical fiber (120km max)
Storage temperature
Storage humidity
0 ~ 45
-30 ~ 60
10% ~ 90%
23
3.4.2
Gigabit uplink card (GUPE7)

This card is mainly used for broadband service uplink, providing 7 10/100/1000M autoselect electrical ports and 1 FE 100M port. The Gigabit electrical port can be used as
internal network management interface, and the FE 100M port can be used as interface for
external network management. Network management interface can be connected to
ANM2000 network management unit or general PC via Telnet to control the unit.
Furthermore, there is an RS485 port for power environment monitoring unit and two test
port T1 and T2.
Table 3-6 Gigabit uplink card (GUPE7) technical specifications
Network standard
IEEE802.3, IEEE802.3u, IEEE802.3x and IEEE802.3z

7 10/100/1000Mbps uplink ports, full duplex; 1 FE 100M
Ports
port; 2 test ports and 1 RS485 port.
Max package
1,488,095bps
forward speed
Power
Power consumption
Network cable
Operating
temperature
Storage
temperature
Storage humidity
24
-48V DC
<10W
1000Base-TX: standard CAT5 unshielded twisted pair
0 ~ 45
-30 ~ 60
10% ~ 90%
Chapter 3
3.5
2M interface card (16E1)

This card is installed in number 39 slot in the back of the subrack.
This card provides 16 2M ports for narrowband services, and it is installed from behind.
This interface card is installed in the rear slot of the narrowband control unit, and is used
for 16 E1 ports connecting function.
25
Chapter 4
Chapter 4
4.1
Network Management Introduction
Network management description

There are two types of network management interfaces for AN5116-02 unit, namely
command line network management interface (CLI) and ANM2000 network management
interface (GUI), which makes convenience and direct for interactiving.
Two types of management authorities are provided in AN5116-02 unit, namely common
user and supervisor. Correspondingly there are two modes, read-only mode and config
mode. When users login as common user, they can only enter read-only mode, and when
login as supervisor, users can enter config mode. In read-only mode, users can only read
system information, and can not modify configs. In config mode, supervisors can set all
system configs.
4.2
CLI interface
CLI stands for Command Line Interface, which is command line management system
interface. AN5116-02 broadband/narrowband access unit provides this interface for users,
and it is convenient for users to manage and set config to this unit via common computers.
CLI interface has the following characteristics:
Provides two control platform based on command line method, which is COM port
Hyper Terminal and Telnet terminal.
Provides full user help system, so users can get real time help in various ways.
Supports command memory and copy function, can recall and shift to run some past
command.
27
Supports command abbreviation. The command line interpreter will search for
keywords, and once users input non-conflict keywords, the system will recognize this
command.
Supports user authority management, and all commands are protected by authorities.
Only users who have certain authority can access the command, and this enhances
unit access safety.
Commands are classified. The directories are classified into root directory and
subdirectories, and commands with relative functions are put in the same directory.
When connect the Console COM port in GSWC card of this unit with an RS-232 COM
port of a computer, users can manage this unit by Hyper Terminal command line method
via CLI network management interface. Users can manage AN5116-02 unit by standard
character terminal or terminal emulation programs of a PC. This management method is
only suitable for local management.
For remote managing, users can manage the unit via TELNET command line. It manages
AN5116-02 unit via LAN, WAN or internal network management. There are two ways for
TELNET connection: one is to connect via uplink card FE port in GUP7 or GUPE7 of
AN5116-02, namely external connection; the other is to connect via Gigabit uplink port in
uplink card of GUP7 or GUPE7, namely internal connection. Both ways can achieve the
same management function with COM port Hyper Terminal.
28
Chapter 4
4.3
GUI interface
AN5116-02 unit can be managed via e-Fim ANM2000 broadband access management
system developed by FiberHome, and its network management interface is GUI type, with
the same connecting mode of Telnet. It has the following characteristics:
It is a management system designed after considering complication of access network,

standard protocol, user sensitivity, adaptability, and expansion. It fits broadband
access network well, and is capable to cross multiple TMN management layers. It
adopts Web style of the NT system, has friendly interactive interfaces, provides
standard SNMP protocol uplink and downlink interfaces, and is able to manage
broadband access products with SNMP protocol network management interface
produced by other companies.
It is a management system of the unified network level accessing products developed

by FiberHome. Its communication protocols, management functions and management
objects all meet the requirements of relative industrial standards.
It adopts structures classified by layers and is designed with object oriented method.
It has a full structure of software system, and is easy for adding and enlarging objects
to be managed. ANM2000 manages all access equipments with high efficiency. It is
easy managed for users, and decreases maintenance cost.
It adopts an open system, separates the management level, and processes concurrent
multitask with object oriented, combining centralized and remote control. As network
enlarges and upgrades, it is very convenient for users to manage the new add systems,
and it will not affect system performance.
It is a powerful network control system. With 4 managing functions of performance,

failure, config and security control, it is capable to monitor and control the system in
real time, and provides security policy to verify users and objects before operating.
29
4.4
Networking management method

AN5116-02 broadband/narrowband access unit provides multiple management connection
methods with COM port Hyper Terminal, internal connection and external connection.
Meanwhile, this unit can be managed in three ways:
COM port CLI managing
TELNET managing
SNMP based managing (with ANM2000 network managing system or with third
party managing software).
4.4.1
COM port CLI management

When connecting the Console port in GSWC card in the front panel of the unit with COM
port in a computer via a pair of COM port cable, it is capable to manage the unit by Hyper
Terminal in Windows OS.
Figure 4-1 COM port connection
30
Chapter 4
4.4.2
TELNET management
Any computer connected with AN5116-02 unit via Ethernet can be used for remote
maintenance by Telnet. It is classified to internal management and external management,
and external management includes LAN and WAN.
External connection management
LAN: connect the network card port of a PC with GUP7 or GUPE7 uplink card FE
port of AN5116-02 via Hub or layer two switch, as shown in the following figure:
Figure 4-2 Telnet connection in LAN
31
WAN: connect PC with this unit via WAN in the same way, as shown in the figure:
Figure 4-3 Telnet connection in WAN

Internal connection management
Connect via Gigabit uplink port of GUP7 or GUPE7 uplink card, as shown in the next
figure:
Figure 4-4 Telnet connection in internal network management
32
Chapter 4
4.4.3
SNMP management
When adopting e-Fim ANM2000 broadband access network managing system to manage,
it is similar with telnet, except some differences in protocols used in management path.
Here it adopts SNMP protocol (simple network manage protocol). Its connecting method is
the same with telnet, with internal and external ones.
Figure 4-5 ANM2000 SNMP management connection
33
Chapter 5 Technical Specifications

5.1
Unit technical specifications

Table 5-1 Unit technical specifications
Network standards
Network config
Switch mode
Backboard throughput
Port config
Work mode
Data transmit speed
VLAN
MAC address
Dimension (mm)
Power
Power consumption
Storage temperature
Environment humidity
Weight
IEEE 802.3ah
IEEE 802.3u
IEEE 802.3x
IEEE 802.3z
IEEE 802.1d
IEEE 802.1p
IEEE 802.1q
ITU-T G.703
RFC1155 (05/1990)
RFC1157 (05/1990)
RFC1212 (03/1991)
RFC1213 (03/1991) MIB-
YDN 021-1996
Set network config via CLI, Telnet, SNMP

Store-and-forward
96 G
1024 lines in a single rack when split rate is 1:32;
2048 lines in a single rack when split rate is 1:64
Full duplex
max 1 G bps in EPON (upstream and downstream sync)
IEEE 802.1q, GVRP, supports VLAN TAG, max 4095 VLAN
Auto learn address, line correct, supports up to 16K MAC address
Standard 19 inch wide, 14U high, 480621.5365 (widthheightdepth)
48V DC (range 40V ~ 57V)
Max (1024 line of ONU) 650W
0 ~ 50
-30 ~ 60
10% ~ 90%
40kg
35
5.2
5.2.1
Rack external interfaces

Service interfaces
10/100/1000 Base-T Ethernet uplink port: 7 in GUPE7 uplink card, 3 in GUP7 uplink
card, 10/100/1000M auto-select, RJ45 interface, transmit length 100m.
1000 Base-Fx Ethenrnet uplink optical port: 4 in GUP7 uplink card, 1000M speed,
LC/PC connector, transmit length varies from 550m to 120km according to different
optical module.
2M uplink port: 16 E1 ports.
STM-1 uplink port: 2 STM-1 uplink ports in each board, SC/PC connector.
EPON service port: 2 EPON office-end optical interface (PON port) in each EC2 card,
SC/PC connector, max optical upstream and downstream speed reaches 1.25Gbps.
Split rate of each PON port is 1:64, namely connecting 64 ONUs (remote-end unit)
through splitter. Hence 128 ONUs can be connected to one EC2 card, and max 2048
ONUs can be connected to one AN5116-02 unit.
5.2.2
Management interface
External management interface: 100M FE port in GUP7 or GUPE7 card, supports

TCP/IP protocol, SNMPv1/v2 protocol.
Internal management interface: 1000M optical/electrical port in GUP7 or GUPE7

card, supports TCP/IP protocol, SNMPv1/v2 protocol.
RS232 COM port in GSWC card: for local maintenance, manage the unit via
command line.
5.2.3
36
Other interfaces
-48V DC input port.
Alarm output port.
RS485 port in uplink card: for environment monitoring unit connection.
5.3 Working condition

5.3.1
Environment condition
0 ~ 50
Storage temperature
30 ~ 60
Environment humidity
10% ~ 90% (no precipitation)
Atmosphere pressure
70 ~ 106 kPa
No corrosion or solvent gas in atmosphere, no dust, no strong electromagnetic field

interference nearby.
5.3.2
5.3.3
Floor bearing
>600 kg/m2
Voltage
DC -48V (40V ~ 57V)
Power consumption
650W (one full loaded subrack)
Power supply
Unit earthing
Earthing resistance
<5
37
Appendix A Relevant Protocols and Technologies

As one of the aggregated optical broadband/narrowband network access system first
developed in industry by FiberHome, AN5116-02 is designed with high port-density, high
switching capability, and supports multiple routing protocols. The following will introduce
main protocols and relevant technologies.
A.1
EPON
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) started EFM (Ethernet in the First
Mile) study group in the year 2000, and began to work over a brand new access technology
Ethernet PON. From then on, equipment manufacturers and telecom carriers began to
learn EPON.
Simply, when combining data link layer, Ethernet and Passive Optical Network (PON) of
physical layer, it comes Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) communication access
system. PON is an access system of one point to multipoint via optical fiber. Downstream
in. PON adopts time division multiplex broadcast method, and upstream adopts time
division multiple access method. Thus, it saves optical fiber and uses less optical
equipments. PON is an optical network built up with passive optical devices. Lots of
advantages are provided when using passive devices rather than active devices, such as of
high bandwidth, highly reliable, easy maintaining, low cost, and easy for upgrading and
expansion, etc.
EPON access method is of large advantages when compared with traditional access
methods. If adopting traditional access method, one or more machine rooms shall be built,
and there is a series of expensive cost shall be paid for machine room, such as construction
cost, maintenance cost, etc. However, there is no machine room need for EPON, and the
optical coupled device can replace O/E converters and switches to save multi-core fibers
and thus greatly decrease the investment on this aspect. EPON solution is less expensive
A-1
than traditional access methods especially for applications of large scale.

Another benefit of EPON is its network management: the workload is very little and
almost no maintenance is needed. This is also its most distinct characteristic. EPON is
evolved from Ethernet technology, so it supports all maturely developed layer 2
technologies such as VLAN, etc. It also inherits intrinsic advantages of Ethernet, including
its simplicity, low cost, good compatibility, flexible addressing, fairness, high speed, low
latency, good stability, maintainability, etc. With SLA-based management mode, EPON
can offer excellent bandwidth management. And by allocating logical link for services, it
can provide users with good QoS guarantee and may well meet users requirements on
service quality.
A-2
A.2
VLAN
VLAN can be used to divide the switch ports into different groups to establish safe and
separate broadcast or multicast domain. Main purpose of creating VLAN is limiting the
transmitting range of the broadcast packets and decreasing their influence. All Ethernet
packets, such as unicast, broadcast, and multicast packets, as well as unknown packets are
forwarded and flooded only inside the VLAN, and users dont belong to this VLAN will
not receive packets for this VLAN; that is, information for a certain VLAN will be
protected from being wiretapped by users of other VLANs so as to guarantee information
security, and accordingly improve network security to a certain degree.
Another advantage of VLAN is that it can change the network topology without having to
physically move the workstations on this network into another VLAN. This means it
makes the increasing, moving and relocating of network nodes flexible and convenient.
This equipment provides two VLAN implementation methods: VLAN divided on the basis
of the port (port-based VLAN) and VLAN divided on the basis of 802.1Q (802.1Q VLAN).
802.1Q VLAN supports the IEEE 802.1Q tag function and extends VLAN to the whole
network (it requires all switches on the network support IEEE 802.1Q). And the 802.1Q
VLAN untagged characteristic enables it to normally communicate with all valid switches
or network cards that cannot identify a VLAN tag.
The following introduces the two VLAN implementation methods in detail.
Port-based VLAN
This VLAN implementation method establishes different broadcast domains by dividing
ports into different VLANs. In a port-based VLAN, broadcast packets, multicast packets
and unknown packets are all limited in the VLAN, accordingly isolating the broadcast
domain.
It is easy to understand and realize port-based VLAN. Therefore, it is applied if the
A-3
network administrator wants to quickly and easily configure VLAN to limit the broadcast
traffic on the network.
To implement the VLAN configuration more reliably, make sure that all relevant stations
have been connected to the switch directly. If these stations are connected with the switch
ports through a hub, switch or repeater, all unrelated stations connected to it will also be
included into this VLAN.
You can create a port-based VLAN by firstly naming this VLAN and then appointing the
ports in it. All the rest ports will be automatically excluded from this VLAN.
The following gives an example for the port-based VLAN.
VLAN 1
R&D
Department
VLAN 3
Switch
Sales
Department
Figure A-1
VLAN 2
Port-based VLAN example
As shown in the figure above, the switch ports are numbered 1 to 12 from left to right.
According to the port divide method, ports 1, 4, 7 and 12 form VLAN1; ports 2, 8 and 12
form VLAN2. It builds up separate broadcast domains respectively for the Sales
Department and the R & D Department. And all these ports also belong to VLAN3. Port 12
is included in 3 VLANs at the same time. Ports like this are usually connected with the
server; therefore, the server can receive the packets sent from two VLANs, as well as
forward packets to the ports in these two VLANs. In this way, it not only divides the
broadcast domains but also offers the access to the public services through the ports that
are included in several VLANs simultaneously.
A-4
802.1Q VLAN
According to the IEEE802.1Q protocol, a switch can support up to 4094 802.1Q VLANs.
802.1Q VLAN limits data receiving and sending on the basis of IP device port. All
equipments connected to a certain IP device port will become members of its VLAN, no
matter its a single computer or all computers of a department. IEEE 802.1Q VLAN
changes the previous IEEE 802.3 frame format by adding a 4-byte 802.1Q tag, i.e., VLAN
Tag (see the figure below), to the end of source address (SA).
VLAN Tag
Preamble
SFD
DA
SA
8100
User Priority (3 bits)
Variable
Type
Length
Data
FCS
CFI (1 bit)
VID (12 bits)
Figure A- 2 IEEE802.1Q VLAN frame structure

The following gives the glossary in common use in 802.1Q VLAN.
VLAN Tag: the 32-bit field in the Tagged frame header. This field comprises defined
value 8100 (16 bits), User Priority (3 bits), CFI (1 bit) and VID (12 bits). The CFI
stands for Canonical Format Indicator.
VLAN ID (VID): the 12-bit identification in VLAN Tag to uniquely identify the
VLAN.
Tagged frame: the frame with a VLAN Tag.
Untagged frame: the frame without a VLAN Tag, i.e. normal frames.
Port VLAN ID (PVID): the identification used to associate a VLAN with a port. For
example, the port with PVID 1 will forward all its input frames to the VLAN with
VID 1.
Untagged port: the ports that join in a VLAN with Untagged mode. These ports only
send untagged frames; that is, frames sent from them are all untagged.
Tagged port: the ports that join in a VLAN with tagged mode. These ports only send
tagged frames; that is, frames sent from these ports are all tagged.
A-5
A.3
STP
In data transmission, redundant links are required as backups in the case of break of
primary link to avoid network paralysis. However, redundant links on network cause the
potential exists for data forwarding circulation and accordingly cause endless loops. The
switch will automatically take the optimal path and disable the other redundant paths to
avoid the creation of loops. On the other hand, it will establish redundant paths in the event
of break of primary link to avoid paralysis of the whole network.
The protocol for exchanging information among bridges is referred to as STP. With its
algorithm, the bridges can dynamically create a loop-free subset of the topology, or a tree,
and at the same time possess enough connectivity so that if physically possible, only one
path exists between each two LANs. STP reconfigures the network and reroutes data paths
by activating the appropriate standby path.
The basic concept of STP algorithm is that the bridges create the spanning tree by
exchanging special messages among them. In IEEE802.1D, this special message is called
BPDU.
There are two Spanning Tree Algorithm (STA) Operation Levels: bridge level and port
level. At the bridge level, STA counts Bridge Identifier for each switch and specifies the
Root Bridge and Designated Bridges. As for the port level, STA specifies the Root Port and
Designated Ports.
A-6
A.4
Port trunking
Port trunking is a method of binding multiple ports of lower bandwidth as a single link
with greater bandwidth to balance the link traffic load via several ports and thus avoid link
congestion. It is like the supermarket setting multiple checkout counters to obviate
longtime queue up of consumers due to too few checkout counters. AN5116-02 equipment
supports port trunking function. This means that it can connect multiple physical ports as a
single logical port to achieve a greater bandwidth. In addition, it enhances the reliability of
the connection between equipments. If one of the ports in the trunk group fails, the traffic
on that port is automatically forwarded via the other ports in the trunk group, effectively
assuring continuity of the connection.
All the ports included in a trunk are treated as a single port and one of them is appointed as
the master port. All the ports in a trunk operate in just the same mode, and therefore all
configuration for the master port will be applied to all the other ports in this trunk, so all
you have to do is just configuring the master port. In addition, all the ports in a trunk are
regarded as a single port for such functions as VLAN, STP, etc.; that is, all operations are
only required on the master port.
A-7
A.5
Multicast
Multimedia services over Internet, such as streaming media, videoconference, video on
demand, etc., have become an important part of information transmission. The point-topoint unicast method is not suitable for delivery of this kind of services, i.e., onetransmitter/many-receiver. In unicast mode, the server must provide each receiver with an
IP message copy of the same contents, and messages of the same contents are transferred
over the network repeatedly, occupying a lot of resources. Although IP broadcast permits
one host to send one IP message to all hosts on the same network, not all of them actually
need these messages, so this mode also wastes network resources. Multicast is introduced
as required to solve these problems. It offers the host a method to deliver messages to a
specified group of recipients, as shown in the figure below. In 1989, IETF passed the
RFC1112 standard, which defines the multicast method over the Internet.
Non-multicast
Non-multicast transmission
Server
Host
Host
Client
Multicast transmission
Server
Host
Figure A- 3 Multicast
A-8
Host
Client
IGMP Snooping
IGMP snooping allows a switch to "listen in" on the IGMP conversation between hosts and
multicast servers. When a Switch hears an IGMP report from a host for a given multicast
group, the switch adds the host's port number to the IGMP list for that group. And, when
the switch hears an IGMP leaves, it removes the host's port from the IGMP list for that
group.
IGMP snooping function manages layer 2 multicast traffic on a switch. This function
provides the switch with the ability to control the multicast traffic so that it travels only to
those destinations that require it and thus reduces the amount of broadcast traffic and saves
the network bandwidth. When the switch starts IGMP snooping function, it creates a
multicast forward table for each VLAN. And when the switch receives a report of join
report from a host, it will automatically add the corresponding port number into the
relevant multicast forward table. This function is very useful for video multicast
applications: instead of delivering an individual copy to every interested recipient, the
server replicates the video stream layer upon layer by using IP Multicast and accordingly
lightens the network burden.
Multicast is a network technology that allows one or more senders (multicast source) to
deliver a single stream of information to more than one recipient (at one time,
simultaneously). The multicast source sends packets to a given multicast group, and only
the destinations that belong to this group can receive these packets. IP Multicast can
greatly save network bandwidth, for only a single stream of information is delivered over
any link on the whole network regardless of the number of the recipient. It improves the
data forwarding efficiency and reduces the possibility of backbone congestion. The
multicast group does not have any physical or geographical boundaries; that is, the hosts
can be located anywhere on the Internet with support from the multicast router.
Precondition of IP Multicast implementation
To implement IP multicast, the multicast source and recipients and the underlying network
between them all must support IP Multicast, including the following aspects:
The host TCP/IP implementation supports sending and receiving IP Multicast;

A-9
The network interface of the host allows for Multicast;
A set of group management protocol used for join, leave and query, i.e. IGMP (v1,
v2);
A set of IP address allocation policy, and can map layer 3 IP multicast addresses into
layer 2 MAC addresses;
IP Multicast application software;
All routers, hubs, switches, TCP/IP stacks and firewalls between the multicast source
and recipients support IP Multicast,
Definition of IP Multicast Address

Multicast communication needs two types of addresses: IP multicast address and Ethernet
multicast address. IP multicast address is used to identify a multicast group. Ethernet
multicast address is required because all IP packets are encapsulated into Ethernet frames.
The host must receive both unicast traffic and multicast traffic to make IP multicast operate
normally, and this means it needs multiple multicast IP addresses and Ethernet addresses.
In IPv4, the Class D address space, from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255, has been assigned
for IP multicast. Moreover, the Class D address is divided into Reserved Link Local
Addresses, Globally Scoped Address and Limited Scope Addresses, whose meanings are
listed as follows:
Reserved Link Local Addresses: 224.0.0.0224.0.0.255, used on a particular LAN

segment. A router should never forward packets with these addresses;
Globally Scoped Address: 224.0.1.0238.255.255.255, can be used to multicast data

between organizations and across the Internet;
Limited Scope Addresses: 239.0.0.0239.255.255.255, constrained to a local group

or organization, used to define multicast boundaries;
A-10
The last 28 bits of the Class D address have no changes in the structure, i.e. without
differentiation between network ID and host ID. An arbitrary collection of hosts that
respond to a certain IP multicast address form a multicast group. A multicast group can
span several networks. The members of a multicast group are dynamic; a host can join or
leave a certain multicast group using IGMP. Because the upper 5 bits of the IP multicast
address are dropped in this mapping, the resulting address is not unique. In fact, 32
different multicast group IDs all map to the same Ethernet address.
IP Multicast Protocols
IP Multicast Protocols mainly include IGMP and IP Routing protocol.
IGMP
A host uses IGMP to inform the subnet multicast router and apply for joining an IP
multicast group. A router applies IGMP to discover whether any host on the local subnet
belongs to a certain IP multicast group.
Joining a Multicast Group
When a host wants to join an IP multicast group, it sends a Host Membership Report
message to the IGMP router of the IP subnet where it is located, and at the same time
prepares its IP module to receive the packets for this IP multicast group. If this host is the
first one on its IP subnet that joined this IP multicast group, the IGMP router will be added
into the multicast distribution tree through routing message exchange.
Leaving a Multicast Group
For IGMP version 1, if a host wants to leave a certain IGMP group, it just silently quits the
group. The IGMP routers periodically (per 120 seconds, for instance) send Host
Membership Query messages to inquire the group address (224.0.0.1) of all hosts on this
IP subnet. If no member is in a certain IGMP group on a certain IP subnet, the IGMP
router will not forward packets for this multicast group to this IP subnet. Simultaneously,
the related IGMP router will be removed from the relevant multicast distribution tree
through routing message exchange. This leaving silently without informing anybody
causes latency in the IGMP routers awareness of the event that there is no member on the
IP subnet.
While in IGMP version 2, if a host wants to leave a certain IGMP group, it notifies the
IGMP router of the IP subnet, which immediately inquires all the IGMP groups on this IP
subnet and thus reduces the latency in the process to stop the IGMP group.
A-11
A.6
V5 protocol
V5 interface
The subscriber line has a length of up to almost 5 km. When the distance between the
Private Branch exchange (PBX) and the subscriber exceeds this limit, extra PBXs must be
adopted by the telecom office to set up a new office, usually referred to as C5 office. The
telecom office also has to bear all sorts of administrative costs, including the extra
equipments, manpower, materials, etc. To reduce these costs, many telecom equipment
suppliers have launched the remote module. Its function is gathering up the PBX side
subscriber line signaling via the 2M trunk lines and transmitting it to the remote module,
voice channel cards of which will transmit it along. For the remote modules from different
suppliers comply with different protocols, the interworking of this mode is weak. For this
reason, the V5 protocol is brought up. It specifies the communication protocol between the
PBX and the remote module, calls the reference point of the interface between the PBX
and the remote module V5, and names the protocol in that course V5 protocol. V5 protocol
includes V5.1 protocol without line concentration function and V5.2 protocol with line
concentration function.
V5 protocol specifications
V5 protocol specifies the electrical, physical and procedures between the PBX and the
access network, in terms of physical layer, data link layer and network layer. The physical
layer 2M interface meets ITU-T G.703, G.704, G.706, etc. Integrated Services Digital
Network (ISDN) Basic Rate Interface (BRI) 2B+D conforms to ITU-T Rec. G.960 and
ISDN Primary Rate Interface (PRI) 30B+D conforms to ITU-T Rec. G.961. The layer 2
data link layer complies with ITU-T Rec. Q.921 and the network layer meets protocol
LAPV5.
A-12
A.7 Cluster management

Nowadays Ethernet technology is widely used in both WAN and enterprise networks. With
the enlargement of the network scale, plenty of switches are applied at the network edge.
For these numerous equipments ask for respective administration and maintenance, the
management workload becomes extremely huge. In addition, assigning an IP address for
each switch will occupy a large number of IP addresses, which obviously will waste
currently precious IP address resource.
Cluster management is introduced to solve these problems. A cluster is an aggregate
composed of a group of switches. Cluster management provides a method for collecting
the topology of the devices automatically and a management channel for concentrated and
uniform maintenance. Moreover, one management cluster occupies only one IP address,
which simplifies the device management, as well as saves IP addresses. AN5116-01
equipment supports cluster management function specified by FiberHome patent
Technical Specifications for Ethernet Switch Cluster Management. This patent now has
obtained its authorization.
Structure of cluster management is demonstrated below:
Fi
A-13
Figure A- 4
A-14
Cluster management structure
A cluster consists of four roles: command switch, standby command switch, member
switch and candidate switch. One cluster has only one command switch, which can
automatically discover the topology of the devices and accordingly establish a cluster, and
then provide a cluster management channel for management over the member switches.
The standby command switch automatically switches and becomes the command switch
upon a failure of the command switch. The member switches are candidate switches until
they join the management cluster.
The switches included in a management cluster must support Group Topology Protocol.
They discover their neighbors through topology discovery messages. The command switch
collects the neighbor discovery information from the candidate switches and accordingly
grasps the topological graph of the whole cluster. Then it asks these candidate switches to
join the cluster. After that, the candidate switches become cluster member switches and are
administrated and maintained by the command switch.
When a cluster is established, the command switch will provide a cluster management
channel, through which the administrator can manage the cluster members by any means,
such as SNMP, Telnet, HTTP, etc. On this basis, cluster configuration for the cluster
members is implemented, and the administration and maintenance workload is greatly
reduced.
A-15
A.8
PPPoE protocol
PPPoE is the abbreviated form of Point-to-Point Protocol Over Ethernet. It is a method
used for point-to-point session via Ethernet. With this protocol, multiple hosts on a shared
Ethernet can have multiple PPP sessions with a User Access Server (UAS) via one or more
simple bridging access devices. With this model, each host utilizes its own PPP stack and
the user is presented with a familiar user interface. Access control, billing and type of
service can be done on a per-user, rather than a per-site, basis. PPPoE realizes the
adaptation of the PPP frames over Ethernet and provides a point-to-point connection over
Ethernet.
PPPoE has a discovery stage and a PPP session stage. The discovery stage is inherently a
client-server relationship, aiming at obtaining the Ethernet MAC address of the PPPoE
terminal and establishing a unique PPPoE SESSION_ID. When the discovery stage
completes, the PPP session stage starts. Refer to RFC2516 for the detailed PPPoE protocol.
PPPoE protocol stack for Ethernet is illustrated below:
IP
PPP
PPPoE
Ethernet
Figure A- 5
PPPoE protocol stack for Ethernet
PPPoE has two distinct stages: a discovery stage and a PPP session stage. When a Host
wishes to initiate a PPPoE session, it must first perform Discovery to identify the Ethernet
MAC address of the peer and establish a PPPoE SESSION_ID. In the Discovery process, a
Host (the client) discovers a UAS (the server). Based on the network topology, there may
be more than one UAS that the Host can communicate with. The Discovery stage allows
the Host to discover all UASs and then select one. When Discovery completes successfully,
both the Host and the selected UAS have the information they will use to build their pointto-point connection over Ethernet. The Discovery stage remains stateless until a PPP
session is established. Once a PPP session is established, both the Host and the UAS must
allocate the resources for a PPP virtual interface.
A-16
The figure below illustrates the PPPoE communication process:
Host
UAS
PADI
PPPOE Active Discovery Initiation
PADO
PPPOE Active Discovery Offer
PADR
PPPOE Active Discovery Request
PADS
PPPOE Active Discovery

Session-confirmation
PPP Data
PADT
PPP Session
PPPOE Termination
Figure A- 6 PPPoE communication process

Discovery Stage
There are four steps in the Discovery stage. The steps consist of the Host broadcasting an
Initiation packet PPPOE Active Discovery Initiation (PADI), one or more UASs sending
Offer packets PPPOE Active Discovery Offer (PADO), the Host sending a unicast Session
Request packet PPPOE Active Discovery Request (PADR) and the selected UAS sending a
Confirmation packet PPPOE Active Discovery Session-confirmation (PADS). When the
Discovery stage completes, both peers know the PPPoE SESSION_ID and the peer's
Ethernet address, which together define the PPPoE session uniquely. When the Host
receives the Confirmation packet, it may proceed to the PPP Session Stage.
When a host does not receive a PADO packet within a specified amount of time, it should
resend it's PADI packet and double the waiting period. This is repeated as many times as
desired. If the Host is waiting to receive a PADS packet, a similar timeout mechanism
should be used.
The PPPoE Active Discovery Terminate (PADT) packet may be sent anytime after a
session is established to indicate that a PPPoE session has been terminated. It can be sent
by either the Host or the UAS. When a PADT is received, no further PPP traffic is allowed
to be sent using that session. Even normal PPP termination packets must not be sent after
sending or receiving a PADT. A PPP peer should use the PPP protocol itself to bring down
A-17
a PPPoE session, but the PADT may be used when PPP cannot be used.
PPP Session Stage
Once the PPPoE session begins, PPP data is sent as in any other PPP encapsulation. All
Ethernet packets are unicast. The SESSION_ID must not change for that PPPoE session
and must be the value assigned in the Discovery stage.
PPPoE Applications
PPPoE technical specifications are widely supported and have become the preferred
broadband access method for broadband access operators at present. The figure below
shows the data encapsulation stages of PPPoE.
IP
IP
PPP
PPP
PPPoE
PPPoE
Ethernet
Ethernet
PHY
PHY
PC/ VDSL Modem
AN5116-02
Figure A- 7 PPPoE data encapsulation stages
A.9
BRAS
As an edge router for broadband service aggregation, Broadband Remote Access Server
(BRAS) is one of the souls on broadband network. It has its one side connected to
broadband access network and its other side connected with the IP MAN, with focus on
providing broadband IP service as well as economic gain.
BRAS primarily fulfills two functionalities. One is network bearing function: it terminates
user PPPoE connection and converges user traffic. The other is control implementation
function: it cooperates with the authentication system, billing system, client management
system and service policy control system to realize authentication, billing and
administration of the client access. It is also in charge of user management, PPPoE
termination, etc.
A-18
A-19

Address: #88 Youkeyuan Rd., Wuhan, China
Tel:
+86-27-87691549 (Service Hotline)

+86-27-87693756 (Service Transaction)
Fax:
+86-27-87691939
Zip code: 430074

Website: http://www.fiberhome.com.cn

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AN5116-02 Broadband Access Unit

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Network development and requirement................................................................................................ 1

AN5116-02 unit introduction.................................................................................................................2

AN5116-02 unit position in network..................................................................................................... 3

Typical networking examples................................................................................................................ 8

Broadband/narrowband services divided networking example................................................8

Broadband/narrowband services integrated networking example..........................................10

Unit Elements and Structures..............................................................................................................11

Unit elements frame............................................................................................................................. 11

Unit subrack structure..........................................................................................................................12

Card Function Introduction.................................................................................................................17

Gigabit switch card (GSWC)...............................................................................................................17

EPON interface card (EC2)................................................................................................................. 18

Service aggregation control card......................................................................................................... 20

Narrowband control card (AC16)...........................................................................................20

STM-1 interface card (TDM)................................................................................................. 21

Uplink interface card........................................................................................................................... 23

Gigabit uplink card (GUP7)....................................................................................................23

Gigabit uplink card (GUPE7)................................................................................................. 24

2M interface card (16E1).....................................................................................................................25

AN5116-02 Broadband/Narrowband Access Unit Technical Manual

Network Management Introduction....................................................................................................27

Network management description....................................................................................................... 27

Networking management method........................................................................................................30

COM port CLI management................................................................................................... 30

Unit technical specifications................................................................................................................35

Rack external interfaces.......................................................................................................................36

Appendix A Unit Protocols and Technologies Introduction............................................................................ A-1

Broadband/narrowband services divided networking method.................................................. 9

Broadband/narrowband services integrated networking method............................................ 10

Unit elements frame................................................................................................................ 11

Figure 2-2 AN5116-02 product view......................................................................................................... 13

COM port connection...............................................................................................................30

Figure 4-2 Telnet connection in LAN....................................................................................................... 31

Port-based VLAN example.................................................................................................... A-4

IEEE802.1Q VLAN frame structure......................................................................................A-5

Cluster management structure..............................................................................................A-13

PPPoE protocol stacks for Ethernet..................................................................................... A-15

PPPoE communication process............................................................................................A-16

PPPoE data encapsulation stages......................................................................................... A-17

GSWC gigabit switch card technical specifications.................................................................18

EPON interface card technical specifications.......................................................................... 19

Table 3-3 AC16 card technical specifications...........................................................................................20

STM-1 interface card technical specifications......................................................................... 22

Gigabit uplink card technical specifications.............................................................................23

Gigabit uplink card (GUPE7) technical specifications............................................................ 24

Unit technical specifications.....................................................................................................35

This manual includes:

This manual is organized for:

Broadband Access Server

Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifier

Electro Magnetic Compatibility

Ethernet Passive Optical Network

Frequency Division Duplex

File Transfer Protocol

Fiber To The Home