COMMUNICATIONS

CH 23

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ATA 23 COMMUNICATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACARS PRINTER................................................................................ 54
ACARS OOOI EVENTS....................................................................... 56

COMMUNICATIONS TOC..................................................................... 3

SELECTIVE CALLING (SELCAL)........................................................ 58

AUDIO SELECTOR PANEL .................................................................. 4

SELCAL COMPONENT LOCATIONS ................................................. 60

AUDIO SELECTOR SCHEMATIC......................................................... 6

SELCAL BLOCK DIAGRAM ................................................................ 62

FLIGHT INTERPHONE SYSTEM.......................................................... 8

SELCAL SYSTEM ALERT................................................................... 64

GROUND CREW CALL COMPONENTS ............................................ 10

VOICE RECORDER INTRODUCTION................................................ 66

FLIGHT DECK CALL AND GROUND CALL GENERAL ..................... 12

VOICE RECORDER GENERAL .......................................................... 68

GROUND CALL FLIGHT DECK INDICATIONS.................................. 14

VOICE RECORDER FLIGHT DECK COMPONENTS.......................... 70

CREW CALL HORN ............................................................................ 16

VOICE RECORDER LOCATION.......................................................... 72

CARGO INTERPHONE SYSTEM ....................................................... 18

VOICE RECORDER SCHEMATIC ....................................................... 74

SERVICE INTERPHONE .................................................................... 20

VOICE RECORDER TEST ................................................................... 76

VERY HIGH FREQUENCY COMMUNICATIONS............................... 22

VHF COMM COMPONENT LOCATIONS ........................................... 24
VHF ANTENNA LOCATIONS............................................................... 26
VHF SYSTEM - BLOCK DIAGRAM..................................................... 28
VHF SELF-TESTS............................................................................... 30
HIGH FREQUENCY COMMUNICATIONS.......................................... 32
HF TYPICAL SYSTEM ........................................................................ 34
HF COMPONENT LOCATIONS.......................................................... 36
HF ANTENNA AND COUPLER LOCATIONS ..................................... 38
HF SELECTOR AND RADIO COMM PANELS ................................... 40
HF BITE ............................................................................................... 42
HF FUNCTIONAL MODES.................................................................. 44
ACARS (DATALINK) INTRODUCTION............................................... 46
ACARS GENERAL DESCRIPTION..................................................... 48
ACARS COMPONENTS...................................................................... 50
ACARS INTERFACES......................................................................... 52

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AUDIO SELECTOR PANEL

Purpose
The audio selector panel permits the flight crew to select an audio system for
transmission or reception.
Features
The microphone select switches connect the microphone to a radio transceiver,
the flight or service interphone system, or the passenger address system.
These switches are push-on/push-off, and are mechanically interlocked so that
only one can be selected at a time. The switch when depressed illuminates
white if the panel lighting is on.
The listen switches select the source and control the volume of audio connected
to a cockpit speaker and headset. They are push-on/push-off switches which
are rotated clockwise for maximum volume.
The "BOOM/OXY" toggle switch selects the microphone input as either the
oxygen mask microphone or the boom headset microphone.
The "FLT/cabin" toggle switch selects either flight interphone or cabin
interphone to be used in conjunction with the "INT" microphone switch and its
associated listen switch and volume control.
The "voice/both/range" toggle switch selects portions of a filter which attenuates
either the range audio or the voice audio of radio navigation signals (ADF, VOR,
DME or ILS). In the "both" position, the filter is bypassed.

AUDIO SELECTOR PANEL

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AUDIO SELECTOR SCHEMATIC

Cockpit Voice Recorder

General

The ASPs send all received and transmitted audio from these stations to the
cockpit voice recorder:

The Audio Selector Panel (ASP) controls the audio in the flight interphone
system. The ASP sends flight interphone audio to the Audio Accessory Unit
(AAU). The AAU combines and amplifies the audio. The amplified audio goes
back to the ASP. The audio then goes to the flight compartment speaker and
headset.
Nose Landing Gear
The ground crew uses the flight interphone jack and a crew call switch at the
nose landing gear (NLG) to speak with the flight compartment.

Communication Systems
The communication system sends received audio and sidetone to the ASP. The
transceivers get microphone audio and PTT discretes from the ASP.

Navigation Receivers
The ASP gets navigation system audio from the selected navigation system.
SELCAL Decoder
The selective calling system (SELCAL) decoder sends call set discretes to the
ASP. The ASP uses the discretes to control the call lights. The ASP sends
call reset discretes to the SELCAL decoder to cancel the call discrete and put
off the call lights.

Captain
First officer
First observer

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FLIGHT INTERPHONE SYSTEM

Audio Selector Panels

General

The audio select panel contains mic selector switches which connect mic
circuits to the interphone systems, to the comm radio's, or to the PA system.

The Flight Interphone System provides communications between flight crew

members, communications between the flight crew and ground crew, and an
interface with the voice recorder, cabin and service interphone system,
communication transceivers, navigation receivers, and the passenger address
system.
The flight interphone system consist of amplifiers and mixing circuits in the
audio accessory unit, audio selector panels, interphone speakers, mic/
headphone jacks, and push to talk (PTT) switches.
System Description
During flight, a flight crew member may establish communications by using
microphones and/or listening devices, in the following manner:
With a ground control/navigation station or another airplane through the
audio selector panel and a selected radio system.
With other flight crew members, through the audio accessory unit and
audio selector panels.
Monitoring navigation systems through the audio accessory unit and audio
selector panel.
On the ground, the Flight Interphone System may be used for communications
between the flight crew and the ground service personnel at the nose landing
gear through the APU remote control panel.
The Flight Interphone System also interfaces with the voice recorder to provide
voice inputs from the captain, first officer and first observer through the audio
selector panel.

Captain -left side of the control stand, P8

First officer - right side of the control stand, P8
First observer - P61
Cockpit Speakers
Located on the captain's auxiliary instrument (forward) panel, P13 and on the
first officer's auxiliary instrument (forward) panel, P14.
Interphone Jack Panels
Captain - captain's auxiliary instrument panel, p15
First officer - first officer's auxiliary instrument panel, p16
First observer - P61

FLIGHT INTERPHONE SYSTEM

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GROUND CREW CALL COMPONENTS

Audio Control Panel
The Captains and First Officers Audio Control Panels are located in the flight
station on the center pedestal. The First Observers ACP is on the P61 panel.
P40 APU Remote Control Panel
The P40 APU Remote Control Panel has both the Flight Deck Call Switch and
Flight Interphone Jack installed.
Pilots Call Panel
The Pilots Call Panel is located on the P5 Overhead Panel.

GROUND CREW CALL COMPONENTS

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FLIGHT DECK CALL / GRND CALL GENERAL

General
The flight deck and the ground crew use the ground crew call system.
You push the GND CALL switch on the Pilots Call Panel (PCP) to make a call to
the ground crew. This causes a loud horn to operate in the nose wheel well
area.
You push the flight deck call switch on the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) remote
control panel to call the flight compartment. This causes these flight
compartment indications:
Blue light in the GND CALL switch on the PCP comes on.
One high chime from the aural warning speakers.
On the Audio Selector Panels (ASP), the call light in the flight interphone
system microphone select switch comes on.
Message GROUND CALL shows on the Engine Indicating and Crew
Alerting System (EICAS) primary display.
The ground crew call horn in the nose wheel well area gives a warning for these
on-ground conditions:
Forward or aft equipment cooling system has low air flow or overheat
sensors operate.
Loss of 28 VDC to the aft and forward equipment cooling low air flow
sensors and overheat relays.
An Inertial Reference Unit (IRU) is on when the left and right AC buses are
off.

FLIGHT DECK CALL / GROUND CALL GENERAL

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FLIGHT DECK / GROUND CALL INDICATIONS

General
Ground call indications will be displayed on the EICAS Indicator as a Comm
Medium Message (White with Bullet and GROUND CALL). Also, it will be
displayed on the Audio Control Panel at the Flight Interphone Mic selector in
green letters, CALL, and on the Pilots Call panel the GND CALL button will
light up in blue. There will also be a high chime that sounds over the aural
warning speakers.

FLIGHT DECK / GROUND CALL INDICATIONS

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CREW CALL HORN

General
The Crew Call horn is located in the nose wheel well on the right side. The horn
sounds when the ground call button is pushed on the Pilots Call Panel. This is
the same horn for low flow of the equipment cooling fans and the IRU Warning
horn for IRUs on Battery.

CREW CALL HORN

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CARGO INTERPHONE GENERAL COMPONENTS

Intercom Function

General

The active MCCP can call and communicate with the Speaker/Microphone Units
(SMU) in the main cargo compartment.

The cargo interphone system lets the personnel in the cargo area talk with
these stations:
Flight deck
Ground
Main deck
Use the Master Cargo Control Panels (MCCP) to control the cargo interphone
system.
Calls can be sent and received from these locations:
Flight deck
Main cargo deck
Calls using the cargo interphone system will cause the Warning Electronics Unit
(WEU) to sound a chime to alert flight crew or cargo handlers.
Interphone Function
Interphone function requires the selection of CARGO INT switch on the Pilots
Call Panel (PCP) on P5. The CARGO INT switch connects the cargo
interphone system to the flight interphone system.
The flight interphone system allows communication between the main deck and
the flight deck from these panels:
MCCPs
Cargo handling accessory panels
Cargo interphone jack panels
The flight interphone system allows communication between the flight deck, the
main deck, and the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) control panel flight
interphone jacks. Proper switch selection to connect the systems is required.

The SMUs can call the active MCCP. The MCCP main deck switch or Push-ToTalk (PTT) switch is selected to establish communications with the SMU.
Note:

All headphones used with the flight interphone jacks located on the
main deck or the APU control panel require a PTT adapter.

The MCCP has a MIC switch for PTT selection.

CARGO INTERPHONE GENERAL COMPONENTS

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SERVICE INTERPHONE
General
The service interphone system is used by:
Flight crew
Ground crew
Jacks connect through mixing circuits and amplifiers in the Audio Accessory
Unit (AAU). Microphone audio from the service interphone jacks connect to the
AAU if the service interphone switch is in the ON position. The flight interphone
system connects to the service interphone system in the AAU if the service
interphone switch is in the ON position. Flight interphone microphones send
audio to the AAU. Flight interphone headsets get audio from the AAU.
The audio accessory unit does these functions:
Puts audio together from the microphones
Does an amplification of the audio signal
Sends the audio to the handsets, headsets, and speakers

SERVICE INTERPHONE
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VERY HIGH FREQUENCY COMMUNICATIONS

Purpose
The purposes of the system are to provide short range, line of sight,
omnidirectional air-to-air and air-ground voice communications, and air-ground
data communications when used with ACARS. The primary use is for air traffic
control with some alternate uses such as company operational
communications.
System Description
The system operates in the VHF aeronautical communications band (118 to 136
MHz) using keying and microphone inputs from the flight interphone system and
providing audio outputs to the interphone and SELCAL.
When used with ACARS, the VHF communication system provides the
transmission medium, receiving data and keying from ACARS for downlink and
providing received uplink data to ACARS. The effective range is extended by
the use of ground repeater networks. BITE provides self-test and monitoring for
the transceiver.

VERY HIGH FREQUENCY COMMUNICATIONS

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VHF COMPONENT LOCATIONS

VHF Comm Transceiver
The comm transceiver modulates audio inputs for RF transmission and
demodulates RF signals for audio reception. The front panel contains two
jacks, two test switches, a three position switch, two light, and a digital readout
display.
The two jacks (MIC and PHONE) allow to test the transceiver without the
interphone circuits.
The SQL/LAMP TEST switch disables the squelch and test all face panel
lights.
The TEST switch starts a self test of circuits in the transceiver.
The two status lights indicate LRU PASS and frequency CONTROL
INPUT FAIL.
The three position RFL (reflected), FWD (forward), and OFF (normal)
switch checks RF power to the antennas and show the results in watts on
the two digit display.
Control Panels
There is one control panel for left and right systems on the p8 aft pilot control
stand. Each control panel contains two frequency controls, two frequency inuse lights and a transfer switch.
Antennas
The antennas are mounted to the center line of the aircraft fuselage. The left
system antenna is mounted on the top with the right and center mounted on the
bottom.

VHF COMPONENT LOCATIONS

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VHF ANTENNA LOCATIONS

Antennas
The antennas are mounted to the center line of the aircraft fuselage. The left
and right system antennas are mounted on the top with the center mounted on
the bottom.

VHF ANTENNA LOCATIONS

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VHF SYSTEM - BLOCK DIAGRAM

Power
The left transceiver and control panel get 28v dc from the 28v dc standby bus.
The right transceiver and control panel get 28v dc from the right bus. The
center transceiver receives 28v dc from the left bus.
Control
Frequency selection is made from the control panels for all three systems using
digital data on an ARINC 429 data bus to the transceiver. When ACARS is
installed, the center system is tuned by the ACARS management unit over an
ARINC 429 bus when operating in the data mode.
Transceiver keying for all three systems is by the flight interphone system PTT
line. Also, the center system is keyed by ACARS when operating in the data
mode.
The center system also receives a voice/data mode select discrete and a
frequency data port select discrete from ACARS.
Signal Flow
For transmission, the transceivers generate the carrier, amplitude modulate it
with audio from the flight interphone system and transmit it out over the
antenna. The center system also receives modulation audio as a data tone
from ACARS when operating in data mode. System keying is recorded by the
flight data recorder, provides resets to the SELCAL decoder, and is sent to the
FMC for use by software options.
When receiving, the receiver amplifies the input RF signal, converts it to a lower
frequency and detects the audio modulation. If the signal is strong enough, the
squelch opens and the audio is routed out to the flight interphone system.
The detected audio is routed from the detector output (before the squelch) to
the SELCAL system (from all systems) and to the ACARS system (from the
center system). SELCAL signals activate the SELCAL (alert) lamps on the pilot
call panel and sound the chime.

VHF SYSTEM - BLOCK DIAGRAM

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VERY HIGH FREQUENCY SELF-TESTS

Squelch/Lamp Test
Pressing the SQL/LAMP TEST switch breaks the receiver squelch (enabling the
operator to hear receiver background noise) and illuminates the CONTROL
INPUT FAIL and LRU PASS LEDs as long as the switch is held pressed.
LRU Test
Momentarily pressing the TEST switch causes the microprocessor to conduct a
transmitter and receiver end-to-end test, consisting of a 100 msec transmission
on a test frequency, modulated at 2 KHz. Forward and reflected power is
monitored and VSWR computed and displayed (VSWR value is normally less
than 3.0). The transmitted RF is attenuated and injected into the receiver which
is tuned to the test frequency by a special local oscillator. If the transmit
frequency is correct, modulation adequate, and the receiver is operating
properly, the audio is heard at the receiver output. If all monitored parameters
indicate proper operation of the transceiver, the LRU PASS indicator illuminates
for approximately one second. Frequency selection data on the active port is
also monitored. Improper data words will result in the CONTROL INPUT FAIL
indicator illuminating for about one second. If the TEST switch is held in, the
test is repeated until the switch is released.
Forward and Reflected Power Measurements
Forward and reflected power can be measured by turning the RFL-OFF-FWD
switch momentarily to the desired position. The 100 msec test transmission is
executed and the selected parameter is measured and displayed on the
segmented display on the front panel. Forward power should be 30 watts
normally, 25 watts minimum, and reflected power should be no greater than
25% of the forward power value.
Operational Checkout
A test transmission can also be made from the flight compartment or from the
transceiver front panel if another station is within range and available for test
purposes.

SELF - TESTS
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HIGH FREQUENCY COMMUNICATIONS (HF)

General
The system is used for long range air-to-ground and air-to-air voice
communications in the high frequency band, primarily for air traffic control.
The system uses direct (ground) wave for short distances, but relies on
refraction in an ionized layer and the earth's surface to achieve long range "sky
wave" transmission by single or multiple "bounces". Sky wave propagation
distances are dependent on:
Frequency: controls possible refraction angles
Time of day: varies height of effective ionized layer
Aircraft altitude: controls atmospheric and ground interactions
Areas between ground bounces are "skips" in the communication coverage.
Therefore, successful operation may depend upon correct frequency selection
for the time of day.

HIGH FREQUENCY COMMUNICATIONS

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HF TYPICAL SYSTEM
General
A typical HF communications system consists of a control panel, a transceiver,
an antenna coupler and an antenna.
Functional Interfaces
Power on-off, frequency, mode selection, and RF sensitivity are controlled from
the control panel. The system receives microphone audio and key signals from
the interphone system.
The transceiver generates the RF signal to be transmitted or demodulates the
received RF signals.
The coupler automatically matches the antenna to the transceiver. Received
audio (SSB or AM) is routed to the interphone system. Unsquelched AM audio
is routed to the SELCAL system. Keying for transmission is recorded by the
flight data recorder, sent to the FMC for crew alertness monitoring, and used to
reset the SELCAL system.
The H/F SATCOM Control Select Panel provides L and R HF microphone and
audio selections to be used by either the HF system or SATCOM system. The
HF/SATCOM relay is where the PTT, MIC, and Audio are switched.

HF TYPICAL SYSTEM
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HF COMPONENT LOCATIONS

System Test

Component Location

WARNING: DO NOT OPERATE HF SYSTEM DURING REFUELING.

The left and right HF control panels are located on their respective sides of the
overhead P5 panel. Each control panel is dedicated to providing mode control,
frequency selection, and RF sensitivity adjustment for its respective HF
transceiver. The control panels contain circuits inside which convert the mode
and frequency selections into digital form. The control panel provides a 32-bit
word to the HF transceiver in the ARINC 429 format.
HF Comm Transceiver
The left and right HF transceivers are located in the main equipment center on
the E2-6 rack. The transceivers weigh 26.5 lbs. Each contains an internal
blower motor.
Each HF transceiver contains a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter
output is 125w in the AM mode and 400w pep in the USB mode. The
transceiver front panel contains the following:

LRU FAIL light illuminates as a result of a transceiver fault.

KEY INTERLOCK light illuminates as a result of HF antenna coupler fault.
CONTROL INPUT FAIL light illuminates as a result of control panel fault.
SQL/LAMP TEST pushbutton, when pressed provides a test condition and
the following occurs:
1. LRU FAIL Light illuminates
2. KEY INTERLOCK light illuminates
3. CONTROL INPUT FAIL light illuminates
4. Receiver audio squelch is disabled
5. RF sensitivity line is grounded
6. Phone jack provides a receptacle for utilizing a headphone
7. MIC jack provides a receptacle for utilizing a microphone

HAZARDS TO PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENT EXIST

DURING HF TRANSMISSIONS.
This test provides a quick check of the HF communications systems utilizing the
status lights on the transceiver front panels.
1. Provide electrical power.
2. Check that L HF comm (11G8) and R HF comm (11G35) circuit breakers
are closed on the P-11 circuit breaker panel.
3. Connect headset/boom microphone to captain's (first-officer's) jack
panel.
4. Press L (R) HF mic selector switch on captain's asp on P-8.
5. Set boom/oxy switch to boom.
6. Adjust HF listen switch.
7. Set mode selector to either AM or USB on the L (R) HF control panel.
8. Check that the L (R) HF transceiver internal blower fan is running. (E2-6)
9. Press and hold SQL/LAMP test switch on L (R) HF transceiver front
panel.
10. Check that the three status lights come on and remain on. Check that
squelch is disabled.
11. Release SQL/LAMP test switch and check that the status lights go out.
12. Set frequency selector to desired AM/USB frequency between 2.8 MHz
and 23.999 MHz.
13. Rotate RF sense control fully clockwise.
14. Press and release PTT switch. Listen for 1 KHz tune in progress tone
for 2 to 7 seconds. Verify none of the status lights on the L (R)
transceiver front panel illuminate.
15. Press and hold the PTT switch. Verify none of the status lights
illuminate. Release the PTT switch.
Note:

A 1 KHz tone will be heard while the PTT switch is depressed if an

out of band frequency has been selected (below 2.8 Mhz or above
23.999 MHz).

HF COMPONENT LOCATIONS
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HF ANTENNA AND COUPLER LOCATIONS

General
The left and right HF antenna couplers are located in the HF coupler bay of the
vertical stabilizer. The HF couplers are rack-mounted, pressurized units
weighing 17 lbs. each. Both couplers are pressurized with dry air at 5-7 psig.
The coupler consists of RF tuning elements and control circuits which comprise
a closed tuning loop. The coupler is tunable over the frequency range from 2 to
30 MHz. Typical tuning time required is 2 to 7 seconds. The coupler constantly
monitors the RF transmissions to automatically adjust the tuning elements. In
dual HF installations, the couplers are electrically interlocked so that only one
HF system transmits at a time. Faults within the antenna coupler cause the key
interlock light on the HF transceiver to come on.
Access to the coupler is via the left side of the vertical stabilizer.
HF Antenna
The single HF antenna functions as the transmit and receive antennas for both
HF systems and is located along the leading edge of the vertical stabilizer.

HF ANTENNA AND COUPLER LOCATIONS

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HF SELECTOR AND RADIO COMMUNICATION PANELS

Purpose
The HF/SAT audio transfer and SAT call/reset panel permits the flight crew to
transfer the connecting interface between the flight interphone system and the
desired communication system.
HF/SAT XFER Switch (L and R)
These push on/push off switches control the HF/SAT relays which transfer the
connecting interface between the flight interphone system and the desired
communication system. The light illuminates white to indicate the active
system.
SAT Switches
These light/switches are used to indicate incoming SAT COMM calls and to
reset the indication.

HF AUDIO SELECTOR AND RADIO COMMUNICATION PANELS

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HF BITE
General
Set the mode selector switch to the AM position on the HF communication
control panel (P5). Make sure the internal blower fan on the transceiver
operates.
Do these steps to do the transceiver test:
Push and hold the SQL/LAMP TEST switch on the transceiver front panel.

LRU Failure
The red LRU FAIL light illuminates when:
There is insufficient RF power out from the transmitter
Low power supply voltage; loss of synthesizer lock
Micro processor fault
This fault-light indicates a transceiver fault whether or not the transceiver is
keyed.

Make sure the LRU FAIL (Status), KEY INTERLOCK, and CONTROL
INPUT FAIL lights come on and stay on.

Control Input Fail

Release the SQL/LAMP TEST switch.

The red CONTROL INPUT FAIL light illuminates if the digital data from the
control panel:

Make sure the LRU FAIL (Status), KEY INTERLOCK, and CONTROL
INPUT FAIL lights go out.

does not contain the HF label.

has insufficient repetition rate.

Key Interlock Fault

The red KEY INTERLOCK light illuminates if:
The tuning elements fail to reach home position within 15 seconds

has invalid format contents.

WARNING: DO NOT OPERATE THE HF SYSTEM WHILE FUEL IS PUT

INTO THE AIRPLANE. THIS CAN CAUSE INJURY TO
PERSONS AND DAMAGE EQUIPMENT.

The coupler fails to reach the required VSWR within 15 seconds

Arcing in the coupler is detected
This fault-light indicates a coupler fault only while the transceiver is keyed.

WARNING: MAKE SURE PERSONNEL STAY A MINIMUM OF 6 FEET

AWAY FROM THE VERTICAL STABILIZER WHEN THE HF
SYSTEM TRANSMITS. RF ENERGY FROM THE HF
COMMUNICATION ANTENNA CAN CAUSE INJURIES TO
PERSONNEL.

HF BITE
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HF FUNCTIONAL MODES

TUNE

Major Sequence

Coupler tuning is initiated by keying the transmitter. The key line is latched in,
the transmitter section is energized and low power RF is delivered to antenna
coupler, and an audio tone (1 kHz) indicates that tuning is in progress.

The graphic illustrates the various modes of operation and how cycling can take
place between them. Transceiver and coupler tuning is initiated by changing
frequency or initially applying power, which results in a logical progression
through various modes.
The first step, called the HOMING MODE, drives the tuner in the antenna
coupler to the HOME position. This is the low frequency (2 MHz) position of the
tuning elements. The system then advances and remains in the receive/
standby (REC/STBY) mode until a key signal is introduced. Keying the
transceiver starts the tuning process (TUNING MODE) which continues until a
satisfactory VSWR is measured. At that time the OPERATE mode has been
reached. The HF system is then ready for transmission.
Rechanneling is normally complete in 2 to 7 seconds. If the final operate mode
is not reached in 15 seconds, a fault results and the transmitter is disabled.
Normal Sequence
OFF: No system functions or indications available.
HOMING: the homing mode is initiated when transceiver power is turned on or
whenever a new frequency is selected. While in this mode, the antenna tuning
elements are driven to the HOME position regardless of selected frequency.
Keying is disabled while the coupler is in the homing mode.

Tuning takes place in three steps:

TUNE A (resonance).
TUNE B (load tuning).
TUNE C (VSWR).
TUNE A (Resonance)
The coupler's discriminator responds to phase differences between the RF
voltage and current. Tuning elements are positioned for zero phase difference
(load resistive and resonant).
TUNE B (Load Tuning)
During TUNE B mode, the tuning elements are adjusted to present a total
impedance which is approximately 50 ohms, and resonance. The 1 kHz
tune-in-progress tone is still present.
TUNE C (VSWR)
During TUNE C mode the tuning elements are further adjusted so that RF
power loading generates a VSWR 1.3:1. The 1 kHz tone is still present.
OPERATE

REC/STBY
The system automatically cycles to the receive/standby mode as soon as the
tuning elements reach their HOME position. The system is then capable of
reception on the selected frequency.
In dual systems, reception is possible only when the opposite system is not
transmitting
In REC/STBY mode, the system is ready to be keyed for tuning at any time.

The coupler transitions to the OPERATE mode after completion of TUNE C.

The key latch is broken, tuning RF power goes off and the tune-in-progress 1
kHz tone ceases. The system is now capable of reception or transmission.
During full power modulated transmission, the coupler maintains the VSWR
1.3:1 by adjustment of the tuning elements. No audio tone is heard while tuning
occurs during transmission.

NO
?
HOME
WITHIN
15 SEC

HOME
SEQUENCE

POWER ON

YES

?
PRESSTO-TALK

RECEIVE/
STANDBY

NO

TUNE A
RESONANCE

COUPLER
FAULT

RETUNE

TUNE B
LOAD

YES
?
FREQUENCY
CHANGED

TUNE C
VSWR <1.3:1

NO

OPERATE/
RECEIVE

TRANSMIT

YES

TRANSMIT COMPLETE

NO

?
COUPLER
ARCING

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?
TUNED
WITHIN
15 SEC
NO

COUPLER
FAULT

NO

CH 23-10

YES

YES

?
PRESSTO-TALK

HF SYSTEM FUNCTIONAL MODES

B767-3S2F

YES

AUDIO
TONE
DURING
TUNE

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ACARS (DATALINK) INTRODUCTION

Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS)
Purpose
The Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) is an
addressable digital Data Link system. ACARS permits the exchange of data
and messages between an aircraft and a ground-based operations center over
a radio network.
System Description
ACARS relieves the flight crew of sending many of the routine voice radio
messages by transmitting pre-formatted messages at specific times during the
flight. These messages may include the following: time the airplane left the
gate, lift off time, touchdown time, and time of arrival at the gate. These ACARS
functions are known as the OUT OFF ON IN or OOOI times. In addition,
ACARS can collect data from the various airplane systems and send the
information to the ground.
The accurate reporting of event times, engine information, crew identification,
and passenger requirements provides for a close monitoring of any particular
flight. Airplane system data, such as engine performance reports, can be sent
to the ground on a pre-programmed schedule, or manually by the flight crew.
Personnel on the ground may request data at any time during the flight.
Specific ACARS functions are accomplished in accordance with an airline's
specific ACARS software program.
The ACARS system can be used for verbal communications through selection
of the voice mode.
Down link messages from the airplane are transmitted in digital form to ground
stations along most routes. The data is relayed to a central computer which is
connected via land lines to the company communications control center.
If a messages is not acknowledged because of lack of radio coverage, the
system will automatically repeat the message for a maximum of six times until
acknowledged by the ground.

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ACARS - GENERAL DESCRIPTION

General
The system consists of an interactive display unit (IDU), management unit, and
printer. The ACARS system utilizes the center VHF radio to transmit and
receive data.
Functional Interfaces
The ACARS management unit has the following attributes:
Inputs:
The control panel provides control and downlink data inputs to the
management unit.
Uplink data comes from the center VHF communications transceiver to the
management unit.
Voice/data select switch allows operator to manually select voice mode on
center VHF.
Specified data can be supplied from the digital flight data acquisition unit
(DFDAU) when requested by the operator or the management unit.
The program pins provide logic tailoring and OOOI (out, off, on, in) inputs,
airline identification code and airplane registration number code.
Out/off/on/in events. EICAS provides a digital input when those events
occur.
Outputs:
The management unit supplies timing, status data, and uplinked data to the
control panel. It also supplies uplinked data to the printer (if installed).
The management unit also issues the request for flight recorder data, and
the data tones to the VHF communications transceiver for downlink.

ACARS GENERAL DESCRIPTION

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ACARS COMPONENTS
ACARS Interactive DIsplay Unit
The ACARS Interactive Display Unit (referred to as the IDU) is used to operate
ACARS and interact with the SATCOM system. The IDU is installed on the aft
pilots control stand, P8. Different automatic prompts and menus are shown on
the IDU which are used to operate ACARS.
ACARS Main Menu Page
The ACARS MAIN MENU page lets you display each function shown on this
page. Touch the line select key on the IDU that shows the function you want.
The display will then show the applicable menu page.
ACARS MU - Transceiver
Selection of the source of transceiver tuning data is made by use of a
port-select discrete from the ACARS management unit, which selects the tuning
data input port. Tuning is accomplished through an ARINC 429 (label 030) bus
to the transceiver frequency select port A.
Keying of the transceiver in the data mode is done by grounding a data key line.
Data is supplied to the transceiver, from an encoder/modulator, in form of the
differentially-encoded 1200 Hz/2400 Hz tone. The data tone is applied directly
to transceiver modulator for transmission.
Data from the transceiver is in the same form as outgoing data; it is
demodulated and transferred to the microprocessor.

ACARS COMPONENTS
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ACARS INTERFACES
System Power
The Airplane Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS)
Management Unit (MU) receives 115 VAC from the left AC bus. The Airplane
Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) Management
Unit (MU) receives 28 VDC from the hot battery bus.
Airplane Personality Module
The airplane personality module gives a unique airplane and airline code. This
code identifies the correct incoming messages for the MU and sets the address
for data that goes to the ground.
The airplane personality module gets 12 VDC from the MU.
Radio Control Panel (RCP)
The MU sends a discrete to the Radio Control Panels (RCP) to identify which
Very High Frequency (VHF) radios are enabled for data.
Data Loader Control Panel
The data loader control panel sends a data loader enable discrete to the MU.
ACARS IDU
The ACARS IDU sends and receives inputs to the ACARS MU

ACARS INTERFACES
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ACARS PRINTER
Printer - Power
The printer (when installed) receives 115 volts ac from the left bus through a
circuit breaker on the P11 circuit breaker on the P11 circuit breaker panel. This
is converted to dc voltages for internal uses.
Printer - Operational Controls and Indicators
The PPR ADV switch provides the means for the operator to cause paper flow
through the printer.
The SELF-TEST switch provides the means for the operator to initiate an LRU
self-test.
The ALERT RESET switch provides the means for the operator to reset the
Aural/visual alert functions (chime control and the PTR BUSY indicator).
The remote reset control line is not used.
Normal printer operation is controlled by the ACARS management unit.
The green PWR ON lamp illuminates while power is applied to the printer.
The yellow PTR BUSY lamp flashes while the printer is receiving text to be
printed, and continues to flash until reset by the operator.

ACARS PRINTER
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ACARS - OUT, OFF, ON IN, (OOOI) EVENTS

General
The ACARS Management Unit (MU) will process and format the information it
receives based on specific airplane conditions. OOOI inputs are responsible for
defining the various conditions.
The OOOI logic is responsible for interpretation of the OOOI inputs, and the
triggering of automatic events based on the captured times. These events
include automatic downlinks as well as prompts to the pilot for manual data
input.
Sensors
OOOI sensor data is input in digital format from EICAS.
The EICAS inputs provide the following conditions:
Air or ground condition
All doors closed or any doors opened condition
Parking brake set or released condition
States
There are four OOOI states defined for the system, which are:
OUT - The period between leaving the gate and the end of the takeoff roll
OFF - Airborne
ON - The period from touchdown to arrival at the gate
IN - Defined as the plane at the gate

For the purpose of defining OOOI state transitions, the OOOI inputs are
defined as:
Brake on - parking brake set
Brake off - parking brake released
Doors open - any door open
Doors closed: all doors closed - Strut ext - (strut extended) strut switch
indicates an airborne condition
Strut comp - (strut compressed)
Strut switch indicates an on-ground condition
OOOI Times
The OOOI times are derived from the Universal Time Clock (UTC) with seconds
shortened.
Departure Ground Delay
If an OFF or IN event has not occurred within 15 minutes of an OUT event, the
DELAY advisory is triggered to the crew. Selecting the advisory will display the
DEPT GND DELAY page.

DOORS
CLOSED

BRAKE OFF

1
OUT

IN
DOORS
CLOSED

BRAKE OFF
4

STRUT EXT
1

OUT REPORT

OFF REPORT

ON REPORT

IN REPORT

OFF

STRUT
COMP
3
DOOR OPEN

BRAKE ON
ON
DOOR OPEN

BRAKE ON

OOOI REPORTING
______________

ACARS - OUT, OFF, ON, IN (OOOl) events

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SELECTIVE CALLING (SELCAL)

Purpose
The purpose of the SELCAL system is to tell the flight crew when a ground
station wants to contact them on a radio. The system helps reduce pilot
workload and distractions by making continuous monitoring of a radio
unnecessary.
Operation
The ground station calls a certain airplane by transmitting, on a assigned
frequency, an amplitude-modulated set of four audio tones that agree with the
airplane's assigned SELCAL code. The airplane's radio transceiver (VHF or
HF) tuned to the assigned frequency will receive and demodulate the SELCAL
signal. The demodulated signal is sent to the SELCAL decoder which only
reacts to its assigned tone combination. When the assigned code is
recognized, the decoder sounds the warning electronics unit chime and
illuminates the pilot's call panel lamp associated with the radio receiving the
signals. The decoder and pilot's call panel lamp are manually reset. The flight
crew then selects the indicated radio to contact the ground station.
A ground station is able to call a particular aircraft by transmitting a set of four
tones. The SELCAL decoder receives the audio from the comm radio which its
tuned and compares the tones to the assigned code. When the tones and
codes are the same, a chime sounds and a call light illuminates on the pilot's
call panel. The decoder reset comes from the pilot call panels or microphones.
The reset is initiated either from the alert lamp/switch, from the flight interphone
PTT, or from the key event contacts, for the associated transceiver.
The system consists of a SELCAL decoder, a coding receptacle, HF, and VHF
pilot call switches.
The decoder monitors audio from the VHF and HF communication transceivers,
recognizes receipt of the SELCAL code assigned to the airplane, and provides
flight compartment call alert signals.
When the SELCAL code assigned to the airplane is received by one of the
communication transceivers, the SELCAL decoder recognizes the code and
provides the appropriate call signals to the flight compartment.

Power and audio inputs are wired directly to the decoder. Thus, the only
operational control is for the reset function. The system is reset by pushing the
associated indicator or by keying the PTT line for the associated transceiver.
When one of the transceivers receives a SELCAL code matching the code
programmed by the shorting receptacle, the decoder recognizes it as a call to
that airplane. The decoder turns on the indicator associated with the
transceiver which received the call, and also sounds a chime in the flight
compartment. The indicator and SELCAL decoder are then manually reset to
wait for the next call. The decoder monitors audio from the VHF and HF
communication transceivers, recognizes receipt of the SELCAL code assigned
to the airplane, and provides flight compartment call alert signals.

SELECTIVE CALLING (SELCAL)

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SELCAL COMPONENT LOCATIONS

General
The decoder has no front panel features, and is located on shelf 3 of the main
equipment center rack E4 (E4-3).
The SELCAL shorting receptacle or DIP switch module provides a 4-bit binary
code to the decoder for each of the four tones that make up the SELCAL code.
The SELCAL alert indicators are located on the pilots' call panel, on the pilots'
overhead panel P5.

SELCAL SYSTEM COMPONENT LOCATIONS

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SELCAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

Power
The decoder receives 28v dc from a left bus circuit breaker on the P11 circuit
breaker panel.
Control
Power and audio inputs are wired directly to the decoder. Therefore, the only
operator control required is for the reset function. The system is reset by either
depressing the SELCAL lamp corresponding to the transceiver that received the
call signal or by keying that transceiver.
Signal Flow
The decoder receives audio directly from the communication transceivers.
When the received code matches the code set by the shorting receptacle, the
decoder recognizes it as a call to that airplane. The decoder generates a call
alert signal to the pilot call panel SELCAL lamp corresponding to the transceiver
that received the call signal. The decoder also issues a call signal to the
warning electronics unit to actuate the pilot's chime. An activated channel can
be reset by a reset signal from the pilot call panel. This reset signal is initiated
either by the corresponding call lamp/switch or by the corresponding transceiver
key event signal.
ACARS Interface
ACARS interfaces with SELCAL, and operates as follows:
ACARS voice go-ahead discrete is a parallel input to the WEU chime input.
Center VHF SELCAL reset is a parallel output to the ACARS management
unit.

SELCAL Decoder
The decoder monitors audio from the comm radio's and recognizes the receipt
of the tone set assigned to the aircraft and provides flight deck call light
illumination.
The decoder monitors audio from the VHF and HF communication transceivers,
recognizes receipt of the SELCAL code assigned to the airplane, and provides
flight compartment call alert signals.
Coding Receptacle
The Selcal code shorting receptacle provides a 4-bit code to the decoder for
each letter of the assigned code. It is located on the E2-5 rack.
SELCAL Call Switches
There is one blue call switch on the pilot's call panel for each transceiver
connected to the SELCAL decoder. Each call switch alerts the flight crew of a
ground to air call received by the comm radio tuned.
When the SELCAL code assigned to the airplane is received by one of the
communication transceivers, the SELCAL decoder recognizes the code and
provides the appropriate call signals to the flight compartment.
Power and audio inputs are wired directly to the decoder. Thus, the only
operational control is for the reset function. The system is reset by pushing the
associated indicator or by keying the PTT line for the associated transceiver.
When one of the transceivers receives a SELCAL code matching the code programmed by the shorting receptacle, the decoder recognizes it as a call to that
airplane. The decoder turns on the indicator associated with the transceiver
which received the call, and also sounds a chime in the flight compartment. The
indicator and SELCAL decoder are then manually reset to wait for the next call.

SELCAL SYSTEM - BLOCK DIAGRAM

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VOICE RECORDER INTRODUCTION

General
The voice recorder system preserves a continuing record of the latest 120
minutes of flight crew communications and conversations. The solid state
memory receives inputs from the captain's, the first officer's, and the first
observer's audio selector panels and from an area microphone in the flight
compartment. The voice recorder system consists of a recorder located in the
aft passenger cabin ceiling and a control panel with an area microphone located
on overhead panel P5. 115 VAC power is supplied to the system from the right
AC bus. The VOICE RECORDER circuit breaker, located on overhead panel
P11, controls power to the system.
Operation
The latest 120 minutes of flight compartment communications are recorded by
the voice recorder. Channels 1 thru 3 record audio from the first observer's, the
first officer's, and the captain's audio selector panels, respectively. Channel 4
records audio picked up by the area microphone on the voice recorder control
panel (P5). The flash crash survivable store unit contains a flash memory array
which allows the 120 minute continuous recording of the standard audio data
which is a summation of the three audio channels and the area microphone.

FIRST
OFFICER
AREA
MICROPHONE

VOICE RECORDER

CAPTAIN
OBSERVER
VOICE RECORDER

VOICE RECORDER INTRODUCTION

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VOICE RECORDER GENERAL

General
The voice recorder unit makes a continuous record of flight crew communication
and flight compartment sounds. It erases the communication data so that the
memory stores only the most recent audio.
The voice recorder unit keeps the last 120 minutes of communication data in
memory.
Components
The voice recorder system has these components:
Voice recorder control panel
Voice recorder switch
Voice recorder unit
Functional Description
The voice recorder unit collects these inputs at the same time:

Captain microphone audio

First officer (F/O) microphone audio
First observer (F/OBS) microphone audio
Area microphone audio on the cockpit voice recorder panel.

The audio inputs from the captain, first officer, and first observer microphones
go to the voice recorder through the flight interphone system Audio Selector
Panels (ASP).
The area microphone collects flight compartment sounds, such as voices and
aural warnings. The cockpit voice recorder control panel does an amplification
of the audio signal and sends it to the voice recorder unit.
You can monitor this audio with a headphone connected to the phone jack at the
cockpit voice recorder panel.

An erase switch on the voice recorder control panel removes all the audio that is
stored on the voice recorder. You can only erase data when the airplane is on
the ground and the parking brake is set.
An underwater locator beacon is on the front panel of the voice recorder unit.

VOICE RECORDER GENERAL

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VOICE RECORDER FLIGHT DECK COMPONENT LOCATIONS

General
The Voice Recorder Control Panel is located on the P5 Overhead Panel in the
Flight Deck.
Voice Control Panel
The voice recorder control panel is located on the overhead panel P5. The
control panel contains an area microphone, TEST switch, ERASE switch, TEST
light, and monitor HEADSET jack. The microphone and the preamplifier pick up
flight compartment conversations which are recorded by the voice recorder.
Erase Switch
Under certain conditions, pushing the ERASE switch on the control panel will
cause the solid state memory to be erased. Bulk erasure requires that the
ERASE switch be pushed a minimum of two seconds when the airplane is on
the ground with the parking brake set. When the ERASE switch is released
after being pushed for a minimum of two seconds, the entire flash memory is
erased. A modulated tone can be heard for 5 to 14 seconds through the
HEADSET jack.
Test Switch
When the TEST switch on the control panel is pushed, a 600 Hz test tone is
generated in the voice recorder unit. A ring counter sequentially switches the
600 Hz test tone for 0.8 seconds to each of the four record amplifiers. A good
test will cause the TEST light to come on momentarily and you hear a tone from
the headset jack.

VOICE RECORDER FLIGHT DECK COMPONENT LOCATIONS

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VOICE RECORDER LOCATION

Voice Recorder General
The Voice Recorder is located next to the Flight Recorder in a panel at the entry
of the aft Bulk Cargo door.
The voice recorder is installed in the E7 equipment rack in the aft bulk entry
way. The recorder is a thermally insulated, impact resistant, 4 MCU unit, and
international orange in color. The voice recorder consists of a chassis and front
panel, four replaceable assemblies: the Aircraft Interface Unit, the Audio
Compressor Unit, the Acquisition Processor Unit and the Crash Survivable
Memory Unit. The store processor contains sufficient solid state memory to
provide 120 minutes of continuous recording. An underwater locator beacon
(ULB) is attached to the voice recorder front panel and is a self-contained
device. The ULB will emit a 37.5-KHz signal when the water activated switch is
closed. The ULB contains a dated label to indicate when the battery requires
periodic replacement.

VOICE RECORDER LOCATION

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VOICE RECORER SYSTEM - SCHEMATIC

Recorder Power
The recorder receives 115 volts 400 Hz directly (un-switched) from the P11
circuit breaker and the right bus. The power supply in the voice recorder
supplies 5 and 24 VDC used within the recorder and 18 VDC used in the voice
recorder control panel.
Control Panel Power
The control panel receives +18 volts dc, un-switched, from the recorder for use
by the microphone preamplifier.
Input
The area microphone input is routed through the preamplifier in the control
panel and out to the voice recorder. The audio selector panel inputs are routed
directly from the ASPs to the recorder.
Output
The recorder audio signals can be monitored, with a slight delay, by plugging a
headset into the front panel jack or the control panel jack.
Recording
The four channels of HI, LO audio inputs to the voice recorder are routed
through the aircraft interface to the audio processor where it is digitally linked
through the store processor to the flash store.
Auto Erase
The voice recorder continuously overwrites the information saved in the flash
store retaining only the latest 120 minutes of flight compartment
communications.

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TRAINING MANUAL
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VOICE RECORDER TEST

General
The cockpit voice recorder system has an internal Built-In Test Equipment
(BITE) circuit that lets you monitor system operation and do system tests.
A TEST switch on the control panel lets you manually start the system test.

Automatic BITE Operation

The recorder does a test at power-up. It also does a continuous monitor during
normal operation.

System Test
The BITE test only monitors for the recorder to record. It does not examine the
recording quality. To examine the recording quality, you must do the
system test. You must listen through a headset and use the airplane
microphones for input.
Put the headset plug into the control panel HEADSET jack. The voice recorder
has an active microphone input when a microphone connects to a flight crew
position.
Do these steps to do a test of the captain, first officer, and first observer input
channels:
Disconnect all microphones but the one for the test channel

Manual BITE Operation

You use the control panel TEST switch to start the BITE test. You can do the
test on the ground or in the air. When you push the TEST switch, the BITE
circuits make an analog test tone. The recorder changes and stores this test
tone on each channel. BITE then does checks of the stored tone to make sure it
is the correct frequency and amplitude.

BITE Test
You use the Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) AUTO/ON switch to manually apply
power to the voice recorder system. To start the system test, you push and hold
the control panel TEST switch for a minimum of five seconds.
These are the control panel indications of a passed test::
800 Hz tone on the headphone jack
Green status indicator comes on one time
These are the results if the test fails:
Control panel status indicator stays off
There is no tone in the headphone jack

Put a cover on the area microphone

VOICE RECORER TEST

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TRAINING MANUAL
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY