Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CONTENTS
SECTION
SECTION
II
PRODUCT APPLICATIONS
SECTION
III
INDIAN MANUFACTURERS
SECTION
IV
IMPORT/EXPORT LEVEL
SECTION
PRICE DETAILS
SECTION
VI
INDIAN DEMAND
SECTION
VII
SECTION
VIII
SECTION
IX
GLOBAL SCENARIO
SECTION
SECTION
XI
SWOT ANALYSIS
SECTION
XII
SECTION I
PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS AND SPECIFICATION
1.1.
General details
Alternate names
Coir Pith
Coco
Coir Peat
Similar sounding brand names
Coir Pith is purely a natural organic product and it is biodegradable and ecofriendly. It is a
byproduct gained during extraction of Coir fibre from coconut husk.
It is free from any admixtured heavy metals. It is a mixture of corky cellular material and short
fibers and has both the appearance and feel of peatmoss.
1.2.
Properties
Porosity
Water holding capacity
Nutrient retention capacity
Content
PH
Electrical conductivity
Total Pore Space about
75 percent
500 percent/5 to 6 wt
Good/ 5 to 6 wt
Natural rooting hormones
5.2 to 6.8, ideal for plant growth/6 to 7
Not more than 500 (us/cm)/02. To 1.0
28.2
80 %
1.08%
0.19%
1.92%
0.98%
26.1%
Iron
Manganese
Zinc
Copper
4140
160
42
706
Coir Pith has remarkable capacity to absorb moisture. Its high water holding capacity is
equalled to sphagnum peat and the drainage is similar to that of peat. Its qualities include
absence of weed and pathogen besides being physically resilient capable of withstanding the
compression associated with baling better than peat.
Other advantages are that coir pith is natural renewable resource and slow to decompose more
slowly than peat.
Besides, it has acceptable pH ,EC. and CEC and has excellent wettability superior to peat.
The characteristics of coir pith indicates
1.3.
Global Coir
Pith block
Weight
Compression Dimension
8 to 9 litre
briquettes
8:1
20 X 10 X
6cm- /+2mm
70 litre
bale(5 kilo
block)
5 kgs -/+200
gms
8:1
30 X 30 x
12cm /+2mm
1.4.
Breakout
after adding
water
Add 4 to 5
litre water =
8.9
litre/briqutte
After adding
24 lts of
water = 70
to 80 lts
Packaging
Loadability
20 pallatised
Loadability 20
unpallatised
Lodability
Loadability 40
40 pallatised unpallatised
2050 X 10
pallets =
20500=13.32
M/tonne
2000
unwrapped
bales = 9.45
M/tonne
1800 blocks =
1800 carbons
2050 X 20
pallets=
41000=26.65
m/tonnes
5120
unwrapped
bales = 20.52
M/tonne
2500
unwrapped
bales = 20.52
M/tonne
42000 blocks =
26.65 M/tonne
5250 -/+5%
unwrapped
bales
SECTION II
PRODUCT APPLICATIONS
2.1.Salient applications
Spongy cellulose organic plant growing medium usable in garden centres, horticulture,
nurseries
*
As a substrate for floriculture and
horticuture crops.
*
As a potting mix.
*
As a soil conditioner/improver
*
As a rooting media
*
For golf courses and nursery poly
bags
*
As a mulch
2.2.
Advantages
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
1.
Coir being fibrous in nature holds many air pockets which helps the crops to root easily and
profusely. This increases the surface area of root system thereby facilitating better absorption
of nutrients from soil.
2.
Absorbs water rapidly and holds it for longer periods preventing desiccation of plants during
hotter climates especially in tropical areas.
3.
Irrigation of coir-grown plants may be done at longer intervals as the moisture holding
capability of coir is high.
5.
Period of use
Substitutes/Alternatives
Peat
Potting Soil
Rockwool
Vermiculite
Perlite
Pumice
Expanded Clay
Synthetic Foams
Level of use
A mixture of 75 percent coirpith and 25 percent soil gives 80 percent more yield.
The increase in pore space, water holding capacity and nutrient availability recorded in
coirpith amended pots ultimately increased the yield..
Because of heavy leaching, as a result of frequent watering, the potting medium will have
poor nutrient status.
Hence, it is suggested that 50 percent of the recommended fertiliser may be applied as basal,
thoroughly mixed with the potting mediu.
2.5.
Potting medium
Coir pith block can be used as potting medium. It can be mixed with required fertilizers
and nutrients according to the type of plant to be grown.
Potted plants require a growing medium in good physical and chemical conditions. Normally,
the problems of the potting medium are poor aeration and water and and nutrient retention.
It is found that the highest yield of tomato is obtained from pots with 75 percent soil and 25
percent coirpith. It is 65 percent higher than obtained with 100 percent soil as medium.
Quality parameters such as ascorbic acid,acidity, soluble sugars, lycepene content are found
to be improved by coirpith incorporation.
2.6.
Mushroom
Coir pith blocks are being used by a lot of mushroom growers around the world for the large
scale production edible mushrooms.
2.7.
Soil Supplement:
Re-hydrated coir block mixed with soil improves water holding capacity and aeration.
2.8.
Seed Generation:
Coir dust in starter containers speeds up germination and profuse rooting of the seedlings.
2.9.
Tissue Culture
Wetted coir brick in poly bags encourages initial growth phase of tissue cultured plants
and grafted seedlings.
7
SECTION III
INDIAN MANUFACTURERS
There are a number of organisation involved in the production and export of Coir pith in the
country.
Most of the organisation are located in Tamil Nadu. Kerala and Karnataka. Such organisations
include the following
*
Global International,
No. 1, Buddu Street, 3rd Floor,
Chennai - 600 001
Q&Q Exports-International
3 / 117, Kumaresapuram
Trichy - 620 013
ATC Products
Address:
8/2 silver jubliee road Karnataka (Zip : 560002)
Prime Fibres
6, Imam Sahib Street, Tirupattur (Vellor Distt.) - 635 601, India
Dynamic Industry
87/88 Nehru Street, Peelamedu, Coimbatore - 641 004, India
Coastal Fibres
401,Balaji Towers, Kirlampudi Layout,
Visakhapatnam - 530 017,
Kangayam Carbons,
Mahalakshmi Apartment
College Road,
Tirupur
Availability
26%
SECTION IV
IMPORT/EXPORT LEVEL
4.1.
Import
Export
10
SECTION V
PRICE TRENDS
Indian price
Rs.6.5 per kg
11
SECTION VI
INDIAN DEMAND
Coir pith, generally exported in brick form, has caught on well as a natural soil conditioner
and has generated good demand from Australia, the UK and other Western countries.
Compost and coir have different chemical and physical characteristics than peat. Supplemental
fertilization will require some fine tuning.
None of the peat substitutes tested, with the possible exception of coir, are suitable for
producing certified nursery material for export. All are produced or stored on the ground, and
this is not allowed for export media. The organic materials appear, however, to have good
potential for production of nursery stock for local consumption.
Coir pith is sourced from various de-fibring units in South India and only low sodium sources
of coir is selected to make the blocks. The coir pith is cleaned and sieved before it is
briquetted into a 650 gms or a 5 kg block.
It is free from weeds and pathogens and are within safe EC and pH standards. Coir pith is free
from all soil diseases and it offers high resistance to most of the inherent root diseases. By
using coir pith blocks it ensures high oxygen levels for drainage properties. Use of coir pith
blocks will bring down seedling development production cycles rapidly.It can be used as
substitute for peat moss, for Horticultural purposes and it can also be used for green houses,
commercial and domestic gardening.
World over more and more growers have started using coir pith blocks in the place of peat
moss.
Organic manures have been used successfully in enhancing the productivity and yield of
various agricultural crops. India is one of the major coconut cultivating countries and the byproduct, coir pith, has gained importance owing to its properties for use as a growth medium
in agriculture.
12
13
SECTION VII
BROAD OUTLIEN OF MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Th coir waste left out as residues from factories could be used as organic manure.
100 kg of Coir waste should be spread on the ground in an area of five sq.meters in a shady
place; a little water should be sprayed and 200 gm of plurotus:, a fungus variety should be
added.
Over this layer, another 100 kg of the straw should be spread over which one kg of urea
should be sprayed.
This cycle should be repeated to complete one tonne of coir waste. Every 15 days, the
position should be inverted.
The hump should be left to decompose for 45 days to 90 days depending of moisture inside
the mound.
Hence coirpith could be effectively recycled as component of potting medium to grow
vegetables and flower plants.
In the process of extraction of coir fibre from husk, generally about 1/3rd of it is obtained as
fibre and 2/3rd of it is obtained as coir pith.
Coir pith with a range of interesting properties finds various applications.
Coir pith has a high lignin (31%) and cellulose (27 %) content and a carbon-nitrogen (C/N)
ratio of 104: 1. Coir pith also has a very high water holding capacity of 5 to 6 times its weight.
It should be noted that coir pith is very stable because of the presence of high percentage of
lignin. Hence coir pith left to itself takes decades to decompose. Studies by various
institutions have resulted in methods to speed up the process of decomposition (lignin
reduction) by fungal/microbial culture.
The decomposing or composting of Coir pith is done near agriculture fields, in heaps generally
by the Pleurotus sojarcaju species an edible mushroom, which takes around 35-45 days.
Composted Coir pith is used along with organic supplements in crop fields in horticulture and
floriculture. It is also used as a rooting and growing medium for certain ornamental flowering
plants.
14
Decomposed coir pith is also used as hydroponics systems for growing roses and vegetables
under controlled conditions.
The coir pith in sterilized condition finds use in mushroom cultivation and floriculture. The
coir pith also finds application as an alternative for '
Peat Moss'the extraction of which has
been banned in most of the European countries .It also finds application as a mulching
material for grape vine.
On an average a husk weighs about 300 g, 80-85 g is obtained as fibre and around 200 g is
obtained as coir pith.
Further on an average 5000 husks are defibred per day, which yields 1000 kg (1 ton) of Coir
pith per day while around 5-6 tons is composted or decomposed in batches for every 35-45
days depending upon the requirement. As mentioned earlier, out of the rest of coir pith, some
quantity is sterilized and dispatched to be used chiefly in floriculture.
Composting method
If any open space of 5 m x 3m preferably under shade, spread 1000 kg of coir pith uniformly
and apply 400 gm of Pith Plus uniformly. Cover this layer with an other layer of coir pith
and apply 1 kg of urea.
Repeat the process of sandwitching the pith plus and urea with coir pith so that the heap
reaches a height of 1 metre. Sprinkle water if the moisture content of the coir pith falls below
200 percent.
At the end of 30 days, the coir pith would be turned into black mass of compost having a
reduced C:N ratio of 24:1., which is recommended for an ideal organic manure.
The composed coir pith has four times higher nitrogen, six times higher phosphorous and 1.5
times higher potassium than in its original form. Upon composting, the mass of coir pith is
reduced to 58 percent.
The technology used as described above is very simple. Pith plus costs Rs.18 per kg. Two kg
of Pith Plus with five kg of urea converts one tonne of coir pith into 580 kg of organic
manure.
There are already a few units which make organic manure from coir pith and sell it at Rs.700
per tonne.
15
Source of technology
*
16
SECTION VIII
RAW MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS, UTILITY AND AVAILABILITY
Utility requirement per tonne
Power
215 units
17
SECTION IX
GLOBAL SCENARIO
Production level in Sri Lanka
18
SECTION X
DISCUSSIONS ON ECONOMIC CAPACITY,
PROJECT COST AND PROFITABILITY PROJECTIONS
Economic capacity
360 tonnes
Project cost
Rs.24 lakhs
Land
S.No.
Description
Cost
Rs.in lakhs
1.1
1.2
1.38
0.14
2.
1.52
Building
S.No.
Description
Cost
Rs.in lakhs
2.1
2.2
4.00
4.00
3.
S.No.
Description
Cost
Rs.in lakhs
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
7.00
0.53
0.70
0.35
8.58
1.03
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
10.46
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
19
4.
5.
1.00
S.No.
Description
Cost
Rs.in lakhs
5.1.
5.2.
5.3.
5.4.
5.5.
5.6.
5.7.
Electrification
Steam boiler and auxillaries
Water storage tank, borewell etc.
Fuel storage tank
Laboratory equipment
Office machinery & equipment
Material handling equipment, packaging machinery,
weigh balance, etc.
Diesel generator
Effluent treatment
Total
0.60
0.40
0.40
0.40
5.8.
5.9.
6.
1.80
S.No.
Description
Cost
Rs.in lakhs
6.1.
6.2.
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
6.2.4
6.2.5
6.2.6
6.2.7
Preliminary expenses
Pre-operative expenses:Establishment
Rent rates and taxes
Travelling expenses
Interest and commitment charges on borrowings
Insurance during construction period
Other preoperative expenses and deposits
Interest on deferred payment
Total
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
1.2
0.2
2.2
7.
Rs.1.16 lakhs
8.
Rs.1.55 lakhs
9.
Rs.24 lakhs
10.
Promoter's contribution
Term loan from financing institutions
Total project cost
10
14
24
20
11.
Financial statements
Cost of production
A
Variable cost
Rs. in lakhs
4.39
0.63
1.17
6.19
Fixed cost
4.20
2.77
1.43
0.70
9.10
C.
15.29
D.
6.5
E.
23.40
F.
8.11
G.
Breakeven point in %
53
21
SECTION XI
SWOT ANALYSIS
Strength
Weakness
Opportunity
Export
Threat
22
SECTION XII
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE POSITION FOR NEW INDUSTRY AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
In view of the increasing distaste for synthetic fertiliser, coir pith is becoming popular all over
the world, since it is considered as the eco friendly agricultural input.
India has specific advatnages with regard to coir pith, since the raw material is readily
available in the country and there is excellent export prospects.
Before setting up the Coir pith unit, the project promoter should understand the export market
carefully and workout the strategies adequately well.
23
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