SKN3113

2010/2011

PREFACE
(A reminder to Myself )

Verily! In the creation of the heavens and the earth, and

in the alternation of night and day, and the ships which
sail through the sea with that which of use to mankind,
and the rain which God sends down from the sky and
makes the earth alive therewith from its death, and the
moving (living) creatures of all kinds that He scatters
therein, and in the veering of winds and clouds which
are held between the sky and the earth, are indeed
signs/proofs/evidences for people of understanding
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ENERGY for LIVING

What is energy?
Supply vs demand..factors ?
Energy resources?
Energy production..methods?
Energy associated-problems?

AM

SKN3113

2010/2011

Non-Renewable Energy Sources

Conventional

Petroleum
Natural Gas
Coal
Nuclear

Unconventional (examples)
Oil Shale
Natural gas hydrates in marine sediment
Natural gas hydrate video clip

Renewable Energy Sources

Solar photovoltaics
Solar thermal power
Passive solar air and water heating
Wind
Hydropower
Biomass
Ocean energy
Geothermal
Waste to Energy
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SKN3113

2010/2011

WORLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Projected 60 percent increase from 1999 to 2020
90 % of the world's consumption of the commercial supply of
energy is derived from the three fossil fuels, i.e oil, coal and
natural gas
Oil has been the worlds dominant source of primary energy
consumption expected 40-percent share of total energy
consumption over the 1999-2020 period
Natural gas is projected the fastest growing source of energy
consumption
Projected slow growth in coal consumption, averaging 1.7 percent
per year through 2020
Nuclear generation is projected for the developing world, where
consumption of electricity from nuclear power is projected to
increase by 4.7 percent per year between 1999 and 2020
Renewable energy use is expected to increase by 53 percent
between 1999 and 2020
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WORLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION

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SKN3113

2010/2011

World Total Primary Energy Supply in

1998
(9491 Mtoe)

**Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc.

7

World Oil Reserves 2005

Total 1201.332 billion barrels

All others,
216.544

Venezuela, Kazakhstan,
79.729
39.62
Russia, 74.436

Nigeria, 35.876
Libya, 39.126
United Arab
Emigrates, 97.8
Saudi Arabia,
264.211

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Iran, 137.49

Iraq, 115
Kuwait, 101.5

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2010/2011

How long will it last?

Things to take into account

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Reserves
Rate of use
Recovery percent
Undiscovered Resources
Price
New Technology

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2010/2011

How long will it last?

Quick Calculation. According to the
previous graph we use about 72 million
barrels per day. Oil reserves are 1201.332
billion barrels.
This equates to approximately 45 years of
oil!

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2010/2011

H. What are the environmental

concerns?
Oil Spills
Pollution
According to 1992 Worldwatch breathing in
Bombay is equivalent to smoking 10
cigarettes/day

Global warming
Transportation infrastructure

VIDEO CLIPS
OIL SPILLS (GULF OF MEXICO)
CLIP 01
CLIP 02

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2010/2011

FOSSIL FUEL DERIVED ENERGY

Thermal energy
Heat
Electrical energy
Mechanical energy

Combustion reaction

Heat generation
Combustion products
CO2, H2O, N2, O2
CO, unburned fuel (UHC), NOx, SOx
Radicals (e.g. H, CHi etc)

15

Burning gasoline in cars/trucks

Produces the following

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95% of CO
58% of hydrocarbons
32% of nitrous oxides
2% of sulphur dioxide
11.3% of the particulates

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2010/2011

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION - MAIN

PROBLEMS OF FOSSIL FUEL DERIVED ENERGY

Combustion reaction
(Fuel + oxygen)
Heat
+
Combustion products
CO2, H2O, N2,
O2, CO,
unburned fuel
(UHC), NOx,
SOx, Radicals
(e.g. H, CHi
etc)
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