Professional Documents
Culture Documents
This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER Cessna 172 series airplanes are currently § 23.951, as amended by Amendment
contains regulatory documents having general approved under Type Certificate No. 23–15. 14 CFR part 23, §§ 23.607;
applicability and legal effect, most of which 3A13, and they are four-place, high 23.675; 23.685; 23.733; 23.787; 23.1309
are keyed to and codified in the Code of wing, fixed tricycle landing gear, and 23.1322, as amended by
Federal Regulations, which is published under conventional planform airplanes. The Amendment 23–17. 14 CFR part 23,
50 titles pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 1510.
Cessna 172 airplanes affected have gross § 23.1301, as amended by Amendment
The Code of Federal Regulations is sold by weights in the range of 2300 to 2558 23–20. 14 CFR part 23, §§ 23.1353; and
the Superintendent of Documents. Prices of pounds in the normal category. The 23.1559, as amended by Amendment
new books are listed in the first FEDERAL affected series of airplanes have been 23–21. 14 CFR part 23, §§ 23.603;
REGISTER issue of each week. equipped with gasoline reciprocating 23.605; 23.613; 23.1329 and 23.1545, as
engines of 160 to 180 horsepower. amended by Amendment 23–23. 14 CFR
part 23, §§ 23.441 and 23.1549, as
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Type Certification Basis
amended by Amendment 23–28. 14 CFR
Under the provisions of § 21.101, part 23, §§ 23.779 and 23.781, as
Federal Aviation Administration Thielert Aircraft Engines, GmbH must amended by Amendment 23–33. 14 CFR
show that the Cessna Model 172, as part 23, §§ 23.1; 23.51 and 23.561, as
14 CFR Part 23 changed, continues to meet the amended by Amendment 23–34. 14 CFR
[Docket No. CE214; Special Conditions No. applicable provisions of the regulations part 23, §§ 23.301; 23.331; 23.351;
23–157–SC] incorporated by reference in Type 23.427; 23.677; 23.701; 23.735; and
Certificate No. 3A13 or the applicable 23.831, as amended by Amendment 23–
Special Conditions: Thielert Aircraft regulations in effect on the date of 42. 14 CFR part 23, §§ 23.961; 23.1093;
Engines GmbH, Cessna Model 172 application for the change. The 23.1143(g); 23.1147(b); 23.1303;
Series, Diesel Cycle Engine Using regulations incorporated by reference in 23.1357; 23.1361 and 23.1385, as
Turbine (Jet) Fuel the type certificate are commonly amended by Amendment 23–43. 14 CFR
referred to as the ‘‘original type part 23.562(a), 23.562(b)2, 23.562(c)1,
AGENCY: Federal Aviation
certification basis.’’ The regulations 23.562(c)2, 23.562(c)3, and 23.562(c)4,
Administration (FAA), DOT.
incorporated by reference in Type as amended by Amendment 23–44. 14
ACTION: Final special conditions. Certificate No. 3A13 are as follows: CFR part 23, §§ 23.33; 23.53; 23.305;
The certification basis of models 23.321; 23.485; 23.621; 23.655 and
SUMMARY: These special conditions are
172K, 172L, 172M, 172N, and 172P is: 23.731, as amended by Amendment 23–
issued for the Cessna Model 172
Part 3 of the Civil Air Regulations, 45; and 14 CFR part 36, dated December
airplane. This airplane as modified by
effective November 1, 1949, as amended 1, 1969, as amended by Amendments
Thielert Aircraft Engines GmbH will
by 3–1 through 3–12. In addition, 36–1 through 36–21.
have a novel or unusual design
effective S/N 17271035 and on, 14 CFR Equivalent Safety Items for:
feature(s) associated with the
part 23, § 23.1559, effective March 1, Induction System Icing Protection—14
installation of an aircraft diesel engine.
1978. 14 CFR part 36, dated December CFR 23.1093
The applicable airworthiness
1, 1969, plus Amendments 36–1 Throttle Control—14 CFR 23.1143(g)
regulations do not contain adequate or
through 36–5 for Model 172N; 14 CFR Mixture Control—14 CFR 23.1147(b)
appropriate safety standards for this
part 36, dated December 1, 1969, plus The type certification basis for the
design feature. These special conditions
Amendments 36–1 through 36–12 for modified airplanes is as stated
contain the additional safety standards
Model 172P through 172Q. In addition, previously with the following
that the Administrator considers
effective S/N 17276260 and on, 14 CFR modifications:
necessary to establish a level of safety
part 23, § 23.1545(a), Amendment 23– The certification basis for the model
equivalent to that established by the
23, dated December 1, 1978, including: 172S is:
existing airworthiness standards. Equivalent Safety Items for: Part 23 of the Federal Aviation
DATES: Effective January 6, 2005.
Airspeed Indicator—CAR 3.757 Regulations effective February 1, 1965,
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Operating Limitations—CAR 3.778(a) as amended by 23–1 through 23–6,
Peter Rouse, Federal Aviation The certification basis for the model except as follows:
Administration, Aircraft Certification 172R is: 14 CFR part 23, §§ 23.423; 23.611;
Service, Small Airplane Directorate, Part 23 of the Federal Aviation 23.619; 23.623; 23.689; 23.775; 23.871;
ACE–111, 901 Locust, Room 301, Regulations effective February 1, 1965, 23.1323; and 23.1563, as amended by
Kansas City, Missouri 64106; 816–329– as amended by 23–1 through 23–6, Amendment 23–7. 14 CFR part 23,
4135, fax 816–329–4090, e-mail except as follows: §§ 23.807 and 23.1524, as amended by
peter.rouse@faa.gov. 14 CFR part 23, §§ 23.423; 23.611; Amendment 23–10. 14 CFR part 23,
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 23.619; 23.623; 23.689; 23.775; 23.871; §§ 23.507; 23.771; 23.853(a), (b) and (c);
23.1323; and 23.1563, as amended by and 23.1365, as amended by
Background Amendment 23–7. 14 CFR part 23, Amendment 23–14. 14 CFR part 23,
On February 11, 2002, Thielert §§ 23.807 and 23.1524, as amended by § 23.951, as amended by Amendment
Aircraft Engines GmbH applied for a Amendment 23–10. 14 CFR part 23, 23–15. 14 CFR part 23, §§ 23.607;
supplemental type certificate for §§ 23.507; 23.771; 23.853(a), (b) and (c); 23.675; 23.685; 23.733; 23.787; 23.1309
installation of an aircraft diesel engine and 23.1365, as amended by and 23.1322, as amended by
in the Cessna Model 172 airplane. The Amendment 23–14. 14 CFR part 23, Amendment 23–17. 14 CFR part 23,
VerDate jul<14>2003 13:05 Jan 13, 2005 Jkt 205001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\14JAR1.SGM 14JAR1
2562 Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 10 / Friday, January 14, 2005 / Rules and Regulations
VerDate jul<14>2003 13:05 Jan 13, 2005 Jkt 205001 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\14JAR1.SGM 14JAR1
Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 10 / Friday, January 14, 2005 / Rules and Regulations 2563
must be designed to withstand the per gallon added and cooled to the most 7. Powerplant—Powerplant Controls
following: critical condition for icing likely to be and Accessories—Engine Ignition
(1) A limit engine torque load encountered in operation. Systems (Compliance With § 23.1165
imposed by sudden engine stoppage due Methods of compliance that are Requirements)
to malfunction or structural failure. acceptable for turbine engine fuel Considering that the FADEC provides
The effects of sudden engine stoppage
systems requirements of § 23.951(c) are the same function as an ignition system
may alternately be mitigated to an
also considered acceptable for this for this diesel engine, in place of
acceptable level by utilization of
requirement. compliance to§ 23.1165, the applicant
isolators, dampers clutches and similar
will comply with the following:
provisions, so that unacceptable load 4. Powerplant—Fuel System—Fuel The electrical system must comply
levels are not imposed on the previously System Hot Weather Operation with the following requirements:
certificated structure. (Compliance With § 23.961 (a) In case of failure of one power
(b) The limit engine torque to be Requirements) supply of the electrical system, there
considered under paragraph 14 CFR part
In place of compliance with § 23.961, will be no significant engine power
23, § 23.361(a) must be obtained by
the applicant must comply with the change. The electrical power supply to
multiplying the mean torque by a factor
following: the FADEC must remain stable in such
of four for diesel cycle engines.
(1) If a factor of less than four is a failure.
Each fuel system must be free from (b) The transition from the actual
utilized, it must be shown that the limit vapor lock when using fuel at its critical
torque imposed on the engine mount is engine electrical network (FADEC
temperature, with respect to vapor network) to the remaining electrical
consistent with the provisions of formation, when operating the airplane
§ 23.361(c), that is, it must be shown system should be made at a single point
in all critical operating and only. If several transitions (for example,
that the utilization of the factors listed environmental conditions for which
in § 23.361(c)(3) will result in limit redundancy reasons) are needed, then
approval is requested. For turbine fuel, the number of the transitions must be
torques being imposed on the mount or for aircraft equipped with diesel
that are equivalent or less than those kept as small as possible.
cycle engines that use turbine or diesel (c) There must be the ability to
imposed by a conventional gasoline type fuels, the initial temperature must separate the FADEC power supply
reciprocating engine. be 110°F, -0°, +5° or the maximum (alternator) from the battery and from
2. Powerplant—Installation (Provisions outside air temperature for which the remaining electrical system.
Similar to § 23.901(d)(1) for Turbine approval is requested, whichever is (d) In case of loss of alternator power
Engines) more critical. the installation must guarantee that the
Considering the vibration The fuel system must be in an battery will provide the power for an
characteristics of diesel engines, the operational configuration that will yield appropriate time after appropriate
applicant must comply with the the most adverse, that is, conservative warning to the pilot. This period must
following: results. be at least 120 minutes.
(a) Each diesel engine installation (e) FADEC, alternator and battery
To comply with this requirement, the
must be constructed and arranged to must be interconnected in an
applicant must use the turbine fuel
result in vibration characteristics that— appropriate way, so that in case of loss
requirements and must substantiate
(1) Do not exceed those established of battery power, the supply of the
these by flight-testing, as described in FADEC is guaranteed by the alternator.
during the type certification of the Advisory Circular AC 23–8B, Flight Test
engine; and Guide for Certification of Part 23 8. Equipment—General—Powerplant
(2) Do not exceed vibration Airplanes. Instruments (Compliance With
characteristics that a previously § 23.1305 Requirements)
certificated airframe structure has been 5. Powerplant—Fuel System—Fuel Tank
approved for— Filler Connection (Compliance With In place of compliance with
(i) Unless such vibration § 23.973(f) Requirements) § 23.1305, the applicant will comply
characteristics are shown to have no with the following:
effect on safety or continued In place of compliance with The following are required
airworthiness, or § 23.973(e) and (f), the applicant must powerplant instruments:
(ii) Unless mitigated to an acceptable comply with the following: (a) A fuel quantity indicator for each
level by utilization of isolators, dampers For airplanes that operate on turbine fuel tank, installed in accordance with
clutches and similar provisions, so that or diesel type fuels, the inside diameter § 23.1337(b).
unacceptable vibration levels are not of the fuel filler opening must be no (b) An oil pressure indicator.
imposed on the previously certificated smaller than 2.95 inches. (c) An oil temperature indicator.
structure. (d) A tachometer indicating propeller
6. Powerplant—Fuel System—Fuel Tank speed.
3. Powerplant—Fuel System—Fuel Outlet (Compliance With § 23.977 (e) A coolant temperature indicator.
System With Water Saturated Fuel Requirements) (f) An indicating means for the fuel
(Compliance With § 23.951 strainer or filter required by § 23.997 to
requirements): In place of compliance with indicate the occurrence of
Considering the fuel types used by § 23.977(a)(1) and (a)(2), the applicant contamination of the strainer or filter
diesel engines, the applicant must will comply with the following: before it reaches the capacity
comply with the following: There must be a fuel strainer for the established in accordance with
Each fuel system for a diesel engine fuel tank outlet or for the booster pump. § 23.997(d).
must be capable of sustained operation This strainer must, for diesel engine Alternately, no indicator is required if
throughout its flow and pressure range powered airplanes, prevent the passage the engine can operate normally for a
with fuel initially saturated with water of any object that could restrict fuel flow specified period with the fuel strainer
at 80° F and having 0.75cc of free water or damage any fuel system component. exposed to the maximum fuel
VerDate jul<14>2003 13:05 Jan 13, 2005 Jkt 205001 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\14JAR1.SGM 14JAR1
2564 Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 10 / Friday, January 14, 2005 / Rules and Regulations
contamination as specified in MIL– acceptable after takeoff (with minimum (3) It must be shown that all possible
5007D and provisions for replacing the takeoff temperature established in (1) liberated engine parts or components do
fuel filter at this specified period (or a above). not have adequate energy to penetrate
shorter period) are included in the engine cowlings; or
12. Powerplant Installation—Vibration
maintenance schedule for the engine (4) Assuming infinite fragment
Levels
installation. energy, and analyzing the trajectory of
(g) Power setting, in percentage. Vibration levels throughout the the probable fragments and components,
(h) Fuel temperature. engine operating range must be any hazard due to liberated engine parts
(i) Fuel flow (engine fuel evaluated and: or components will be minimized and
consumption). (1) Vibration levels imposed on the the possibility of crew injury is
airframe must be less than or equivalent eliminated. Minimization must be
9. Operating Limitations and to those of the gasoline engine; or
Information—Powerplant Limitations— considered during initial design and not
(2) Any vibration level that is higher presented as an analysis after design
Fuel Grade or Designation (Compliance than that imposed on the airframe by
With § 23.1521(d) Requirements) completion.
the replaced gasoline engine must be
considered in the modification and the Issued in Kansas City, Missouri, on January
Instead of compliance with 6, 2005.
§ 23.1521(d), the applicant must comply effects on the technical areas covered by
the following paragraphs must be James E. Jackson,
with the following:
The minimum fuel designation (for investigated: 14 CFR part 23, §§ 23.251; Acting Manager, Small Airplane Directorate,
23.613; 23.627; 23.629 (or CAR 3.159, as Aircraft Certification Service.
diesel engines) must be established so
that it is not less than that required for applicable to various models); 23.572; [FR Doc. 05–852 Filed 1–13–05; 8:45 am]
the operation of the engines within the 23.573; 23.574 and 23.901. BILLING CODE 4910–13–P
VerDate jul<14>2003 13:05 Jan 13, 2005 Jkt 205001 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\14JAR1.SGM 14JAR1