Collection of GSM RNP Technical Problems and Replies (No.15) - 20050308-A-1.0

Collection of GSM RNP technical problems and replies(No.
15)
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planning
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Document version
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Collection of GSM RNP technical

problems and replies(No. 15)
(For internal use only)
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

All rights reserved
2005-03-08
Confidential Information of Huawei.

No Spreading without Permission
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Collection of GSM RNP technical problems and replies(No. 15)
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Contents
Problem 291 3002C Traffic Statistics UL & DL Out of Balance...........................4
Problem 292 Effect of cell broadcast service on the network indexes ...................5
Problem 293 Problem during inter-BSC handovers ...............................................6
Problem 294 How is the GT800 frequency number defined in the system? ..........7
Problem 295 In which type of bit map are frequencies in EGSM/RGSM band
numbered?...............................................................................................................8
Problem 296 Is there a quantification calculation model for the effect of transmit
power on coverage? ..............................................................................................11
Problem 297 Component indexes of CDU at BTS312 .........................................12
Problem 298 Are there any special requirements for the separation angle between
cells at the same base station?...............................................................................13
Problem 299 Questions about the Inter-layer Handover Threshold and
Inter-layer Handover Hysteresis........................................................................14
Problem 300 The interval of HOs in dualband network.......................................16
Problem 301 The influence of half-rate on dualband cooperation and traffic
balance ..................................................................................................................18
Problem 302 Why does dualband handover demand A interface support PHASE 2
or above?...............................................................................................................19
Problem 303 Does packet paging need to be sent to all the cells in one LAC of
BSC? .....................................................................................................................20
Problem 304 A question about paging..................................................................20
Problem 305 How to obtain the CRH for cell reselection across the LAC? ........21
Problem 306 About BCCH TRX aiding ...............................................................21
Problem 307 How to make out the No.7 link capacity on interface A? ...............22
Problem 308 General propagation models adopted for 1800M network by Huawei
..............................................................................................................................23
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Problem 309 Why is there no description about the influence of downtilts on

coverage in the propagation models?....................................................................24
Problem 310 The vertical half-power angle for the small base station antenna ...25
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Problem 291 3002C Traffic Statistics UL & DL Out of Balance

Problem
3002C Traffic Statistics UL & DL Out of Balance
Descriptio
The traffic statistics shows that the UL and DL are out of balance at many 3002C small
base stations. The DL is usually higher than the UL. What causes that?
Reply
The UL and DL balanced metrics at the BSC:

Balance rank = DL power level UL power level 6dB (sensitivity compensation). See
the table below:
Uplink and downlink balance level Downlink receiving level uplink
receiving level 6 (dB)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
-15
-14 ~ -10
-9 ~ -6
-5 ~ -3
-2 ~ 0
0
1~2
3~5
6~9
10 ~ 14
11 15
From the statistical aspect, the theoretical nominal Difference value of UL and DL
signal levels is 6 dB, and the traffic statistics should be distributed symmetrically around
Scale 6. As the statistical spans if different scales are different, the range for UL and DL
signal levels to be same is very small, only ! 0.5 dB.
The originally designed UL/DL balance measurement function was made
according to the conditions and the specifications in the protocols of that time (BTS
sensitivity is 104 dBm, MS sensitivity is 102 dBm). With the advancement of
technology, the sensitivity of Huawei BTS
has reached 110 dBm, and the
sensitivity of most MSs has reached 104 dBm. From the algorithm of the traffic
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statistics above, when the UL and the DL are balanced, the Difference value between
the UL and DL levels has reached 10 dB, not 6 dB in the formula. According to the
present traffic statistical method, suppose it is BTS312 and the combiner loss is 4.5 dB,
the central value when UL and DL are balanced should be around Rank 8. 3002C is not
equipped with a combiner, and the DL power is 1.5 dB larger than that of BTS312.
Therefore, for 3002C the central value when UL and DL are balanced is around Rank 9.
The UL and DL balanced performance measurement used to be an item of traffic
statistics. There are some defects in it and with the development of technology, it now
cannot indicate the actual performance of the base station. This item of traffic statistics
can serve as a reference in problem analysis. When it indicates that the base station
deviates far from the UL and DL balance range, you need to check the software or
hardware related to the UL and DL balance.
Problem 292 Effect of cell broadcast service on the network

indexes
Problem
Effect of cell broadcast service on the network indexes
Descriptio
The original configuration of the cell is SDCCH/8. To have to service of the cell
broadcast, we will change the configuration to SDCCH+CBCH. How will it affect the
network indexes and how can we mitigate the problems?
Reply
This will reduce the number of SDCCH sub-channels from eight to seven and increase
the probability of congestion on SDCCH. Besides, the radio connection rate may drop
accordingly.
Configure more SDCCH to the congestion related cell to solve the problem.
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Problem 293 Problem during inter-BSC handovers

Problem
Problem during inter-BSC handovers
Descriptio
This problem occurs in the optimization:
There is a big disparity between the "Attempted incoming BSC handovers" in "BSC
performance measurement" and "Attempted incoming inter BSC inter cell handovers"
in "Inter-cell Handover Measurement Function ".
See the following specific figures:
Dec 9: "Attempted incoming BSC handoversNumber of into- BSC handover attempts"
in "BSC overall performance measurement": 1062; "Attempted incoming inter BSC inter
cell handovers" in "Inter-cell Handover Measurement Function ": 220
Dec 10: "Attempted incoming BSC handoversNumber of into- BSC handover attempts"
in "BSC overall performance measurement": 711; "Attempted incoming inter BSC inter
cell handovers" in "Inter-cell Handover Measurement Function ": 244
We found many errors in the data of inter-BSC handovers, which exist even after
modification. What causes this problem?
Reply
1.
Attempted incoming BSC handovers
Description: During the procedure of inter BSC handover, source BSC initiates a
handover by sending a HANDOVER REQUIRED message to MSC. After receiving this
message, MSC sends a HANDOVER REQUEST message to target BSC. The target
BSC receives this message, and starts the preparation of new channel.
Measuring point: During the procedure of inter BSC handover, the target BSC receives
HANDOVER REQUEST from MSC.
2.
Attempted incoming inter BSC inter cell handovers
Description: During the procedure of inter BSC handover, on reception of HANDOVER

REQUEST from MSC, the target BSC will pack this message into IntoBSC Handover
Request to be transferred to the BM of the target cell. This item measures the times of
the current cell receiving IntoBSC Handover Request.
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Measuring point: During the procedure of inter BSC handover, the target cell (current
cell) receives IntoBSC Handover Request.
From the description of the two statistical items, the statistics at the cell level concerns
the process of the packing for the target cell. If there is an error in the handover data at
the MSC, which sends the handover requests to a wrong target BSC, "BSC
performance measurement" counts the request. However, the target BSC cannot pack
the wrongly sent message to the module of its cell and the cell does not count it in its
statistics. Thus, the disparity arises. Above all, the problem is caused by the errors in
the MSC handover data.
Problem 294 How is the GT800 frequency number defined in

the system?
Problem
How is the GT800 frequency number defined in the system?
Descriptio
1. The frequency band for GT800 is 851866MHz (DL). Question: Are there the
definitions of the frequency ID in the system data as in GSM900, namely, DL

frequency = 851.2+(n1)*0.2, frequency number n=1, 2, 3, 475?
2. How is the frequency number of EGSM and RGSM defined?
Reply
1. GT800 frequency coding

Frequency ID
Frequency Band (MHz) Formula

350425 UL: 806821
DL: 851866
Fl(n)=0.2*(n350)+806
Fu(n)=fl(n)+45
The frequencies within this range are numbered in the bitmap format.
2. EGSM frequency coding

Frequency ID

9741023
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UL: 880890
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DL:925935 Fl(n)=0.2*(n1024)+890; Fu(n)=fl(n)+45

0n 124
DL: 935960
UL: 890915
Fl(n) = 0.2*n + 890;
Fu(n)=fl(n)+45
3. RGSM frequency coding

Frequency ID

974-1023
DL: 925935
UL: 880890
Fl(n)=0.2*(n1024)+890 Fu(n)=fl(n)+45
0n 124
DL: 935960
UL: 890915
Fl(n) = 0.2*n + 890
Fu(n)=fl(n)+45
954-973 UL: 876880

DL: 921925
Fl(n)=0.2*(n1024)+890
Fu(n)=fl(n)+45
The rules for coding RGSM and those for coding EGSM are the same.
Problem 295 In which type of bit map are frequencies in

EGSM/RGSM band numbered?
Problem
In which type of bitmap are frequencies in EGSM/RGSM band numbered?
Descriptio
In which type of bitmap are frequencies in EGSM/RGSM band numbered?
n
Reply
Following are the six types of cell channel description, which are determined by the
second byte in Cell Channel description Format ID (bit8bit7bit4bit3bit2). See
bellow:
Bit
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Bit
Bit
Bit

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Bit
Format notation
bit map 0
variable bit map
1024 range
512 range
256 range
128 range
The absolute numbers of the frequencies of the cells related to different types of the
channel description format are different. The matching rules of each coding scheme
are as follows:
Coding scheme
Matching rules
Bit map 0
Applied to P-GSM900. The actual number of frequencies
of the cells to be configured can reach 64. The frequencies can be chosen randomly
so long as they satisfy 1arfcn(i)124.
Variable bit map
The actual number of frequencies of the cells that can be
configured can reach 64 and they must satisfy the following requirements: With the
1024 frequencies forming a ring, the frequencies to be configured all concentrate
within the 112 neighboring frequencies, including frequency 112 if possible.
1024 range The actual number of frequencies of the cells that can be configured:
n16, with frequency 0 not included. The frequencies can be chosen randomly;
The actual number of frequencies of the cells that can be configured: n17, with
frequency 0 included. The frequencies can be chosen randomly.
512 range
configured: n18 and the frequencies must satisfy the following requirements: With
the 1024 frequencies forming a ring, the frequencies to be configured all
concentrate within half of the ring, not including those falling on the half ring.
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256 range
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configured: n22 and they must satisfy the following requirements: With the 1024
frequencies forming a ring, the frequencies to be configured all concentrate within a
quarter of the ring, not including those falling on the quarter ring.
128 range
configured n29 and they must satisfy the following requirements: With the 1024
frequencies forming a ring,
the frequencies to be configure all concentrate within
the eighth of the ring, not including those falling on the eighth ring.
The frequency coding format in EGSM/RGSM band is not fixed, the selection of
which depends on the number of frequencies and the maximum frequency gap. The
maximum frequency gap = the highest frequency the lowest frequency.
The priority level of the bit maps in the program:
(a) Bit map 0
(b) Variable bit map
(c) 1024 range
(d) 512 range
(e) 256 range
(f) 128 range
The judgment of another bit map starts only when the present bit map does not
satisfy the requirements.
Therefore , the system stipulates that the set of all the frequencies in the cell must
satisfy one of the following requirements in configuring EGSM/RGSM frequencies:
Requirement 1: the lowest frequency>0, and the highest frequency124 (With this
satisfied, the system adopts "bit map 0".)
Requirement 2: the maximum frequency gap111 (With this satisfied but
Requirement 1
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not satisfied,, the system adopts "variable bit map".)

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Requirement 3: the number of frequencies16, or the number of frequencies =17 with

lowest frequency as 0 (With this satisfied but Requirement 1, 2 not satisfied, the
system adopts "1024 range".)
Requirement 4: the number of frequencies18, and the maximum frequency gap<512
(With this satisfied but Requirement 1, 2, 3 not satisfied, the system adopts "512
range".)
(With this satisfied but Requirement 1, 2, 3, 4 not satisfied, the system adopts "256
range.)
(With this satisfied but Requirement 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 not satisfied, the system adopts "128
range.)
Problem 296 Is there a quantification calculation model for the

effect of transmit power on coverage?
Problem
Is there a quantification calculation model for the effect of transmit power on

coverage?
Descriptio
Is there a quantification calculation model for the effect of transmit power on
coverage?
Reply
According to the radio propagation model Okumura_Hata frequently used in

GSM900, the following approximate analytic equation can indicate the value of urban
path loss:
Lp = 69.55 + 26.16 lg f13.82 lg hb+ (44.96.55 lg hb ) lg d Ahm
In the equation,
Lp : the path loss from the base station to the mobile station, unit: dB
f : the carrier frequency, unit: MHz
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hb: the antenna height at the base station, unit: m

hm: the antenna height at the mobile station, unit: m
d: the distance between the base station and the mobile station, unit: km
Modification for small and medium sized cities, Ahm = (1.1lg f 0.7)hm (1.56lg f
0.8)
Modification for large cities, Ahm = 3.2 (lg( 11.75 hm) )2 4.97
The propagation model modification for suburbs:
Lps = Lp(urban)2[lg (f /28)]2- 5.4
The propagation model modification for rural open fields:
Lpo = Lp(urban)4.78(lg f)2 + 18.33 lg f40.98
Hence,
Lp={69.55 + 26.16 lg f13.82 lg hb+ (44.96.55 lg hb ) lg d1Ahm }
{69.55 + 26.16 lg f13.82 lg hb+ (44.96.55 lg hb ) lg d2 Ahm }
=
(44.96.55 lg hb ) lg (d1/d2)
From the calculation, when the common hb is sampled in the range 20 m70 m, the
coverage distance d will be reduced to 81%82%, the path loss Lp will be reduced by
about 3dB. Other sampling cases of hb can be inferred in the same way.
Therefore, we can conclude by the calculation of the Okumura_Hata propagation
model that:
In case GSM900 radio network with the antenna height of the base station in the
range 20 m70 m and other conditions unchanged, if the transmit power of the base
station is reduced by 3dB and the coverage distance will shrink to 81%82% of the
original.
Problem 297 Component indexes of CDU at BTS312

Problem
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Component indexes of CDU at BTS312

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Descriptio
The client wants to know about the component indexes CDU at BTS312: (bandpass
filter loss, LNA gain, divider loss)
Reply
The indexes of the Huawei BTS312:

Total gain of the CDU receive channels: 16dB (the maximum value when the power
attenuation factor is 0dB)
(The indexes of components:
Receive filter loss: 1.2dB;
LNA gain: 16+1.2+10 = +27.2dB;
Divider loss: 10dB)
Reference: typical value of the CDU transmit channel: 4.5dB.

Remarks: It is difficult to test the LNA inside the CDU module. The total gain of the
CDU receive channels is the total gain of the input/output port of the module, which is
related to the power attenuation factor.
The common power attenuation factor (PAD) sampling range: 0 dB15 dB, default
value 0 dB, can be set at will. The total gain: 16PAD.
Problem 298 Are there any special requirements for the

separation angle between cells at the same base station?
Problem
Are there any special requirements for the separation angle between cells at the
same base station?
Descriptio
Are there any special requirements for the separation angle between cells within the
same BTS in GSM? For neighboring cells at the same base station, for example, the
antenna horizontal lobe is 65 and there is no problem if they are 40 apart. Will
there be spurious emission or cross-modulation interference?
Reply
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The guide stipulates that the separation angle between cells should be over 60

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because if it is too small, too much area of the two cells will overlap and this will lead
to frequent cell reselection, and the signal will fluctuate greatly. Such case exists that
in the same base station, two cells cover the areas of the same direction. The tilt
angle of Cell 1 is very low to cover the near villages; Cell 2 covers the scenic area on
the slope in the distance. You can adjust the angle according to the actual need,
which has nothing to do with spurious emission or cross-modulation.
Problem 299 Questions about the Inter-layer Handover

Threshold and Inter-layer Handover Hysteresis
Overview
Questions about the Inter-layer Handover Threshold and Inter-layer Handover

Hysteresis
Details
Do the inter-layer handover threshold and hysteresis adopted in 16 Bit sorting belong to
serving cell or the neighboring cell? Is it possible that the change of the inter-layer
handover threshold and hysteresis of 1800M cell in dualband networking can enable
1800M cell to load traffic?
Answer
1. The inter-layer handover threshold and hysteresis adopted in 16bit sequence for
the serving cell and the neighboring cells are those defined respectively in BSC data
configuration for both cells. The two parameters are described in the internal cell data
table for BSC internal cells and in the external cell data table for external cells.
2. In dualband networking, it is possible to adjust the CRO cell parameters and give
priority for the higher layer in 1800M cells. And it is also possible to lower the
inter-layer HO threshold and hysteresis of the 1800M cell or to increase the
inter-layer HO threshold and hysteresis of the 900M cell. This is because the
adjustment of inter-layer HO threshold and hysteresis might have great influence on
16 bit sorting (Bit 14). After the setup above, the receiving level of 1800M cell
complies with the demand of inter-layer HO threshold and hysteresis and is sorted in
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priority. The inter-layer HO threshold must not be below the Edge HO threshold.
Otherwise, Ping-Pong handover might occur. In theory, the 16 Bit sorting of 900M
cells can be lowered by setting its HO threshold. and hysteresis higher and the edge
HO to 900M cell is therefore unlikely to occur on the mobile. MS can be kept in
1800M cell. However, the MS might be hindered from handover to the neighboring
cell of 900M cell through edge HO and the session might be of poor quality or even
drop if the inter-layer threshold and hysteresis of the 900M cell is increased too
much.
Suppose the inter-layer HO threshold and hysteresis of the 900M cell is 25/3 and the
layer is 3, the inter-layer HO threshold of the 1800M cell is 20/3 with the layer 2, the
sorting of the neighboring cells is as follows:
No. The
Serving
cell The neighboring
cell The
Receiving
level
Of the
serving
cell The
Receiving
Level
Of
The
Neighboring
cell The serving
Cell Bit14
The neighboring cell
bit14
1
HO
2
3
HO
4
(rare)
5
6
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HOs triggered
900
1800
>-88
>-87
Inter-layer
900
900
1800
1800
>-88
<-88
<-87
>-87
0
1
1
0
None
Inter-layer
900
1800
<-88
<-87
Edge HO
1800
1800
900
900
>-93
>-93
>-82
<-82
0
0
0
1
None
None

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7
1800
900
(great possibility)
8
1800
900
HO(rare)
Internal Open
<-93
>-82
Edge HO
<-93
<-82
Edge
Note:
(1) The HOs in the table above include edge HO or inter-layer HO, exclude the
emergency HOs which might occur. The sorting for emergency HOs is done
according to the receiving level of the neighboring cells.
(2) PBGT handover does not occur because 1800 cells and 900 cells have the
different layer, but emergency HOs, edge HOs and load HOs might occur between
1800M cell and 900M cell.
(3) Edge HOs are prior to inter-layer HOs. The prerequisite for inter-layer handover is
that the serving cell does not reach the edge handover threshold.
Problem 300 The interval of HOs in dualband network

Overview
Questions about the interval of HOs in dualband network
Details
Q 1: How long is the interval for the initial handover under the following situation?
How to calculate it? What is the function of the parameters such as Min interval
for TCH HOs, Filter length for TCH level, and Edge HO watch time?
1. The parameter Min interval for TCH HOs in the [Handover control data
table]: 6 seconds.
A timer must be started when a new TCH channel is assigned. Handover is
possible only when the timer is expired and the parameter Min interval for TCH
HOs is the time limit of the timer.
2. In the [Filter Data Table], the parameter Filter length for TCH level is 6. This
parameter indicates the number of MRs to be used to do TCH signal strength
averaging calculation.
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3. Edge HO watch time is 4/3 second.

4. Sent Frequency of preprocessed MR: 1 time per second, 15:1 configuration.
Q 2:
How to shorten the time of the initial handover?
Q 3:
When the Sent Frequency of preprocessed MR is one time per second and
configured as 15:1, is it possible to change the parameter Filter length for TCH
level to 3 which means 3 MRs are to be sent within 3 seconds?
Answers
Answer to Q1:
The time limit is the minimum interval of the initial TCH handover. That is,
handover is not to occur even when the PN criterion is satisfied. When the
session goes beyond the limit, the time limit is invalid.
Filter length for TCH level functions during the average of the MR. If the
parameter is 6, make average of the MRs from NO.1 to No.6 to get a filter
measurement report.
Edge HO watch time is 4/3 indicates that three of four MRs within four
seconds must satisfy the handover demand if one survey report comes at a
second in a succession of filter MRs.
The first initial handover can be triggered only when the three terms above
are satisfied. The last two terms must be satisfied for sessions that last long.
This is the PN criterion.
Answer to Q2:
Min interval for TCH HOs can be shortened to 2 or 4 second, or the PN can
be set as 2/3, or the filter length is set as 4.
Answer to Q3:
Yes. The value of parameters are defined in Network Planning Data
Configuration Criteria.
Besides, when the Sent Frequency of preprocessed MR is one time per second
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and configured as 15:1, increase handover speed by following the answers to Q2

and shorten the filter length for TCH level because one MR is reported by BTS
every time.
Problem 301 The influence of half-rate on dualband

cooperation and traffic balance
Overview
The influence of half-rate mode on dualband cooperation and traffic balance
Details
The GSM 900M in Place A belongs to N manufacturer network while 1800M

belongs to Huawei Network. If half-rate is adopted for 900M network, is there any
impact on the dualband cooperation and traffic balance? How to remake the
handover strategy?
Answers
1. Generally speaking, the half-rate mode adopted for 900M does not have much
influence upon the dualband handover. When inter BSC handover in one MSC
occurs, MSC is to determine whether the full-rate or half-rate channel is assigned
according to the support capacity of MS. If the outgoing handover at 1800M
request for full rate, but only idle half-rate rather than idle full-rate channel is
avialble for target cell at 900M, and MS does not support half-rate, the outgoing
handover fails.
2. The traffic capacity increase tremendously after the half-rate mode is adopted
in 900M network. The former traffic balance strategy might be adjusted
accordingly. Meanwhile, the parameters for HO threshold and dualband
cooperation must be adjusted according to the new strategy of traffic balance.
If the traffic balance strategy demands the 900M network load the traffic as many
as possible, set the cell selection and reselection parameters and make MS stay
at 900M network when it is idle. Make the 900M to 1800M HO parameters difficult
for handover and the 1800M to 900M HO parameters easier for handover.
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If the traffic balance strategy demands that both the 900M and 1800M networks
load the traffic with 1800M system sharing more traffic, the cell selection and
reselection parameters for both networks are set freely. Meanwhile, make the
900M to 1800M HO parameters easy for handover and the 1800M to 900M
parameters difficult for handover.
Problem 302 Why does dualband handover demand A

interface support PHASE 2 or above?
Overview
Why does dualband handover demand A interface support PHASE 2 and above?
Details
Why does dualband handover demand A interface support PHASE 2 and above?
Answer
Dualband handover demands that A interface support PHASE 2 and above because
it must support the message of Mobile Station Classmark 3.
The message types for A Interface PHASE1/PHASE2/PHASE2+:
ELEMENT
PHASE1
Classmark information type 2

CLASSMARK 2Support
PHASE2
PHASE2+
Support
Code modification of
Not support
Support
new Support
support
Support
Some messages about MS ability such as the power grade, encryption algorithm, MS
short message, multi-band capability are reported by MS CLASSMARK. MS usually
only reports classmark information type 1 or classmark information type 2 to the
network and BSC sends the information through EST IND to MSC. Classmark
information type 1 or classmark information type 2 does not specify whether MS has
multi-band capacity. The multi-band capacity of MS is sent to the network by
classmark information type 3.
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Problem 303 Does packet paging need to be sent to all the

cells in one LAC of BSC?
Overview
Does packet paging need to be sent to all the cells in one LAC of BSC?
details
When MS under BSC is called as packet service, SGSN sends PAGING

REQUEST to paging MS, and then PCU handles and sends the PACKET
PAGING to BSC. Then BSC send PACKET PAGING REQUEST to
corresponding cells according to the cell ID.
Question: Does packet paging need to be sent to all the cells in one LAC of BSC?
Answer
Packet paging is done according to route area. Each paging is sent downward to
all the cells in the same route. Route area is the subclass of LAC. At present, the
route area is the same as LAC. In the future there can be more than one route
cells under one LAC with the development of data transactions.
There is traffic statistics of the paging times to BSC on the side of PCU.
Problem 304 A question about paging

Overview
A question about paging
Details
One document file specified that there must be no more than 340 TRXs under one
LAC. Another document file specified that over loading might occur if the total paging
of one LAC exceeds 50000/hour. What is the criterion for the data?
Answer
The data requirement such as there must be no more than 340 TRXs under one
LAC and the total paging of one LAC exceeds 50000/hour is based on certain
terms (traffic model), the BSC processing capability and the software version of that
time. These specifications are no longer practical at the moment.
There is limit to the capacity of Um interfaces and Abis interfaces under one LAC. But
the limit is subject to the subscribers traffic mode, the number of subscribers, CCCH
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configuration, and the network parameters configuration. Reliable data can be

obtained through the calculation of actual data in the network.
Problem 305 How to obtain the CRH for cell reselection across
the LAC?
Overview
How to obtain the CRH for cell reselection across the LAC?
Details
How to obtain the CRH for cell reselection across the LAC?
Answer
The CRH used for cell reselection across the LAC is the data broadcast by the
current serving cell.
The description in GSM protocol is as follows:
The calculated value of C2 for a non-serving suitable cell exceeds the value of C2
for the serving cell for a period of 5 seconds, except in the case of the new cell
being in a different location area in which case the C2 value for the new cell shall
exceed the C2 value of the serving cell by at least
CELL_RESELECT_HYSTERESIS dB as defined by the BCCH data from the
current serving cell, for a period of 5 seconds. This indicates that it is a better cell.
Problem 306 About BCCH TRX aiding

Overview
About BCCH TRX aiding
Details
BSC fulfills TRX aiding, which is not specified in the guide. The on-site questions is
as follows:
1. Does BSC send the configuration(such as BCCH, BSIC) of the original cell to the
new BCCH TRX (originally TCH) cell when TRX aiding occurs? Does the new
BCCH frequency and BSIC change?
2. Is the function of the cell after TRX aiding consistent with the original one? Is it
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capable of handover?
3. Describe briefly the principle of TRX aiding and the changes of the cell after the
aiding.
Answer
1. BCCH TRX aiding means that another TCH TRX provides BCCH TRX function
when one BCCH TRX is faulty. That TCH TRX maintains the original BCCH and
BSIC data. The frequency hopping MA of RF hopping remains unchanged. As for
baseband hopping, MA remove the original frequency of the TCH.
2. The function of the cell after the aiding does not change. The faulty BCCH TRX
no longer supports handover, power control and channel allocation.
3. The system will check whether the original BCCH TRX is normal or not in the next
resource check. If the TRX is normal, its data and functions will be resumed.
Problem 307 How to make out the No.7 link capacity on

interface A?
Overview
How to make out the No.7 link capacity on interface A?
Details
The capacity of interface A is dependent on the number of No.7 links configured.

According to IMSI or TMSI paging, each paging at interface A is about 5060 bytes. It
is counted as 60 bytes. Paging traffic is only a part of the A interface message. If 5%
of each No.7 links capacity is involved in paging, it can support 24,000 pieces of
paging each hour. How is it calculated?
Answer
Paging on Interface A=Interface A link rate3600/8Interface A

Paging ratio/paging length; as the rate of each No.7 link at the interface A is 64Kbit/s,
each hour 64000*3600/8*5%/60=24,000 pieces of paging are sent.
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Problem 308 General propagation models adopted for 1800M

network by Huawei
Overview
General propagation models for 1800M network by Huawei.
Details
What kind of propagation models is adopted for 1800M network by Huawei
Answer
1. COST231-HaTa model expression is adopted in theoretic calculation:
L(Urban
) = 46.3+33.9logF 13.82logHb+ (44.9 6.55logHb)logd a(Hm) +Cm
L(Urban) is the medium value loss (dB) in flat city area
F is frequency, range:1500MHz-2000MHz
Hb is the height of base station antenna (30-200m)
Hm is the height of mobile station antenna (1-10m)
d is propagation distance (1-20km)
a(Hm) is the revision factor of mobile station antenna
Cm = 0dB in medium-size cities or small cities, suburbs.
Cm = 3dB in big cities
2. The model provided in ASSET software by AIRCOM is adopted in systematic
emulation:
Ploss=K1+K2lgd+K3(Hms)+K4lg(Hms)+K5lg(Heff)+K6lg(Heff)lg(d)+K7+Kclutter
In the above expression:
Pathloss: Path loss(dB)
K1:
The constant related to frequency
K2:
The constant related to distance
K3, K4: The revision coefficient of mobile station antenna height

K5, K6: The revision coefficient of base station antenna height
K7:
The revision coefficient of diffraction
Kclutter: The revision coefficient of clutter attenuation

d:
Distance between the base station and mobile station (km)
Hms, Heff: Available height of the mobile station antenna and base
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station antenna (m)

K value parameters for typical cities are as follows:
900M
City Name
1800M
Cangzhou Renqiu
Chongqing Xian
Shenzhen
Jinan
K1
130
132
159
164
164.2
156
K2
38
38
44.9
28.5
45
44.8
K3
-2.88
-2.88
-2.88
-2.88
K4
K5
-13.55
-13.55
-13.82
-13.82
-13.82
-13.82
K6
-6.3
-6.3
-6.55
-6.55
-6.55
-6.55
K7
-0.7
0.8
0.21
-0.7
Problem 309 Why is there no description about the influence of

downtilts on coverage in the propagation models?
Overview
Why is there no description about the influence of downtilts on coverage in the

propagation models?
Details
When we calculate the coverage distance of BTS, we need to know the coverage
receiving level request in preplanning; the maximum path loss is worked out
according to EIRP; and the coverage radius of the base station is worked out
according to the propagation model.
But the real coverage is worked out according to the relative height of the base
station antenna, the vertical half-power angle and the downtilt. Both Hata model and
Cost-231 model seem to neglect the influence of the antenna downtilt on path loss
though the influence is actually remarkable. Is there contradiction?
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Answer
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The coverage distance is related with the antenna downtilt. In Hata model and
Cost-231 model we calculate the coverage distance by assuming that there is no
antenna downtilt or the downtilt is very small (The antenna height, azimuth angle,
gains, power and ground object is to be considered). But the ASSET network
planning tools involves prediction of the coverage distance with the fixed downtilt. If
the downtilt is very large, the coverage distance cannot be figured out because the
usual propagation model does not involve the downtilt. The following equation can be
applied in this case: a=arctg(H/D)+b/2.
In this equation:
a is the downtilt;
b is the vertical half-power angle;
H is the antenna height;
D is the coverage distance.
Restriction to the equation: the downtilt must be larger than half
of the vertical half-power angle; D must be shorter than the distance surveyed when
there is no downtilt.
Problem 310 The vertical half-power angle for the small base
station antenna
Overview
The vertical half-power angle for small base station antenna
Details
The index for small antenna used in BTS3001C is as follows:

Frequency: 890--960MHZ, Gains: 8dBi, Half-power Angle: 65, Preset Downtilt: 0,
How about the vertical half-power angle?
Answer
We can use a approximation equation (taken from Huawei GSM Wireless Network
Planning and Optimization) to calculate:
Ga=10log (32400/(*))
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In the equation, Ga is antenna gain (dBi); is horizontal half-power angle (degree);

is the vertical half-power angle (degree).
Introduce Ga and into the equation and is worked out as 79 degree, and the
actual given by the manufacturer is about 75 degree.
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Collection of GSM RNP technical problems and replies(No.

Collection of GSM RNP technical

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Confidential Information of Huawei.

Collection of GSM RNP technical problems and replies(No. 15)

Confidential Information of Huawei.

Collection of GSM RNP technical problems and replies(No. 15)

Problem 309 Why is there no description about the influence of downtilts on

Confidential Information of Huawei.

Collection of GSM RNP technical problems and replies(No. 15)

Problem 291 3002C Traffic Statistics UL & DL Out of Balance

3002C Traffic Statistics UL & DL Out of Balance

The UL and DL balanced metrics at the BSC:

has reached 110 dBm, and the

Confidential Information of Huawei.

Collection of GSM RNP technical problems and replies(No. 15)

Problem 292 Effect of cell broadcast service on the network

Effect of cell broadcast service on the network indexes

Confidential Information of Huawei.

Collection of GSM RNP technical problems and replies(No. 15)

Problem 293 Problem during inter-BSC handovers

Problem during inter-BSC handovers

This problem occurs in the optimization:

Attempted incoming BSC handovers

Attempted incoming inter BSC inter cell handovers

Description: During the procedure of inter BSC handover, on reception of HANDOVER

Confidential Information of Huawei.

Collection of GSM RNP technical problems and replies(No. 15)

Problem 294 How is the GT800 frequency number defined in

How is the GT800 frequency number defined in the system?

definitions of the frequency ID in the system data as in GSM900, namely, DL

1. GT800 frequency coding

Frequency Band (MHz) Formula

2. EGSM frequency coding

Frequency Band (MHz) Formula

Confidential Information of Huawei.

Collection of GSM RNP technical problems and replies(No. 15)

DL:925935 Fl(n)=0.2*(n1024)+890; Fu(n)=fl(n)+45

Fl(n) = 0.2*n + 890;

3. RGSM frequency coding

Frequency Band (MHz) Formula

Fl(n) = 0.2*n + 890

954-973 UL: 876880

Problem 295 In which type of bit map are frequencies in

In which type of bitmap are frequencies in EGSM/RGSM band numbered?

In which type of bitmap are frequencies in EGSM/RGSM band numbered?

Confidential Information of Huawei.

Collection of GSM RNP technical problems and replies(No. 15)

variable bit map

Applied to P-GSM900. The actual number of frequencies

The actual number of frequencies of the cells that can be

The actual number of frequencies of the cells that can be

Confidential Information of Huawei.

Collection of GSM RNP technical problems and replies(No. 15)

The actual number of frequencies of the cells that can be

The actual number of frequencies of the cells that can be

the frequencies to be configure all concentrate within

not satisfied,, the system adopts "variable bit map".)

Confidential Information of Huawei.

Collection of GSM RNP technical problems and replies(No. 15)

Requirement 3: the number of frequencies16, or the number of frequencies =17 with

Problem 296 Is there a quantification calculation model for the

Is there a quantification calculation model for the effect of transmit power on