Thiet Ke May Ep Thuy Luc

LI CM N
Ti xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c trong B mn Ch to my tn tnh

dy d ti trong sut thi gian qua. ng thi ti cng gi li cm n n thy
Th.S Nguyn Hu Tht, cc nhn vin trong phng k thut ca nh my c kh
Z751 tn tnh gip ti hon thnh lun vn ny. Do kin thc c hn nn
trong lun vn ny c nhiu thiu st, rt mong s ng gp kin ca cc thy
c v cc bn ni dung lun vn c hon thin hn.
Nha Trang, thng 12 nm 2007
L Thanh Tng.
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
-1-
GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Hu Tht
NHN XT CA CN B HNG DN
H, tn SV
: L Thanh Tng
Lp
: 45CT
Ngnh
: Ch to my
M ngnh
: 18-04-21
Tn ti
: Thit k k thut my p thy lc ti trng 70 tn phc v cho nh

my c kh Z751.
S trang
: 84
S chng: 6
Hin vt
: khng
S ti liu tham kho:
12
NHN XT CA CN B HNG DN
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Kt lun: ..............................................................................................................................
Nha Trang, ngy.., thng ., nm 2007.
Cn b hng dn:
IM CHUNG
Bng s
Bng ch
Th.S Nguyn Hu Tht.
PHIU NH GI CHT LNG LVTN

SVTH: L Thanh Tng
-2-
H, tn SV
: L Thanh Tng
Lp
: 45CT
Ngnh
: Ch to my
M ngnh
: 18-04-21
Tn ti
: Thit k k thut my p thy lc ti trng 70 tn phc v cho nh

my c kh Z751.
S trang
: 84
Hin vt
: khng
S chng: 6
S ti liu tham kho:
12
NHN XT CA CN B PHN BIN

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im phn bin ..................................................................................................................

Cn b phn bin:
IM CHUNG
Bng s
Bng ch

CH TCH HI NG
LI NI U
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
-3-
Ngy nay, ngnh ch to my l ngnh khng th thiu trong s pht trin ca

nn kinh t Vit Nam. c bit vi s pht trin mnh m ca nn cng nghip
Vit Nam, n cng tr nn quan trng v ngy cng p ng nhiu yu cu cho
s pht trin ca nn cng nghip cng nh nn kinh t Vit Nam.
Trong thi gian thc tp tng hp ti nh my c kh Z751, ti tham gia
nghin cu, thit k v sn xut my p thy lc phc v cho nh my.
T thc t, ti chn ti Thit k k thut my p thy lc ti trng 70
tn phc v cho nh my Z751.
Sau qu trnh thc hin vi s n lc ca bn thn, s hng dn tn tnh ca
thy Th.S Nguyn Hu Tht, nhn vin phng k thut nh my Z751, ti
hon thnh ti vi ni dung sau:
Chng 1: Tng quan v my p thy lc trn th gii v Vit Nam.
Chng 2: Phn tch v chn phng n ti u.
Chng 3: Thit k k thut my p.
Chng 4: Qui trnh gia cng chi tit in hnh.
Chng 5: Nhng vn quan trng i vi my p.
Chng 6: Vn hnh v bo dng h thng.
Kt lun v xut kin.
Mc d ht sc c gng nhng y l ln u tin lm quen vi cng tc
nghin cu khoa hc, thi gian v kin thc cn rt hn ch nn sai st l iu
khng th trnh khi, knh mong s gp chn thnh ca thy c v bn b
ti ca ti c hon thin hn.
Nha Trang, thng 12 nm 2007.

Sinh vin thc hin:
L Thanh Tng.
MC LC
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
-4-
Li ni u .................................................................................................................4
Mc lc .......................................................................................................................5
CHNG 1:
TNG QUAN V MY P THY LC .........................................................9

1.1 Thc trng v xu hng s dng my p thy lc ti Vit Nam..............9
1.2 Tnh cp thit ca ti tt nghip............................................................10
1.3 Mc ch v ni dung ca ti .................................................................11
1.3.1 Mc ch...................................................................................................11
1.3.2 Ni dung...................................................................................................12
1.4 Nguyn l hot ng v phn loi ..............................................................12
1.4.1 Nguyn l hot ng ................................................................................12
1.4.2 Phn loi...................................................................................................13
CHNG 2:
PHN TCH V CHN PHNG N TI U ..........................................16

2.1 nh gi kh nng ng dng my p thy lc ti cng ty Z751.............16
2.2 a ra cc phng n .................................................................................16
2.2.1 Phng n thit k 1.................................................................................16
2.2.2 Phng n thit k 2.................................................................................18
2.3 Chn phng n ti u................................................................................19
CHNG 3:
THIT K K THUT MY P ...................................................................20

3.1 Yu cu k thut ..........................................................................................20
3.2 Thit k s mch thy lc ......................................................................20
3.3 S nguyn l my p thy lc................................................................20
3.4 Tnh ton cc thng s k thut ca tng chi tit.....................................22
3.4.1 B phn tc ng......................................................................................22
3.4.1.1 Nhim v ca cylinder piston ............................................................22
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
-5-
3.4.1.2 Cc thnh phn c bn ca cylinder piston........................................22

3.4.1.3 Phn loi cylinder piston....................................................................23
3.4.1.4 Tnh chn cylinder piston...................................................................25
3.4.2 H thng van ............................................................................................31
3.4.2.1 Nhim v ca van thy lc ...................................................................31
3.4.2.2 Phn loi van thy lc...........................................................................32
3.4.2.2 Chn van thy lc .................................................................................33
3.4.2.2.a Van 1 chiu.........................................................................................33
3.4.2.2.b Van trn ..............................................................................................33
3.4.2.2.c Van Solenoid ......................................................................................34
3.4.3 Bm thy lc............................................................................................35
3.4.3.1 Nhim v ca bm thy lc..................................................................35
3.4.3.2 S dng cng sut bm v ng c my p thy lc ...........................36
3.4.3.3 Tnh chn bm thy lc ........................................................................40
3.4.4 H thng ng ng.................................................................................41
3.4.5 H thng lm mt .....................................................................................42
3.4.6 H thng lc du ......................................................................................43
3.4.6.1 Nhim v ca h thng lc du.............................................................43
3.4.6.2 Cu trc ca h thng lc du ...............................................................44
3.4.6.2.a Vt liu lc .........................................................................................44
3.4.6.2.b Cc loi phn t lc............................................................................44
3.4.6.2.c V tr ca h thng lc ........................................................................44
3.4.7 Thng cha du........................................................................................45
3.4.7.1 Hnh dng ..............................................................................................45
3.4.7.2 Kch thc.............................................................................................46
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
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3.4.7.3 V tr ......................................................................................................46
3.4.7.4 Tm ngn...............................................................................................46
3.4.7.5 Np thng du .......................................................................................46
3.4.8 Thit k thn my.....................................................................................47
CHNG 4:
QUI TRNH GIA CNG CHI TIT ...............................................................51

4.1 c im v iu kin lm vic...................................................................51
4.2 Yu cu k thut ..........................................................................................51
4.3 Vt liu ch to .............................................................................................51
4.4 Phng php to phi .................................................................................51
4.5 Bn v ch to trc piston ...........................................................................52
4.6 Thit k cc nguyn cng cng ngh ..........................................................53
4.7 Xc nh ch ct ......................................................................................59
4.6.1 Xc nh ch ct khi tin b mt tr ngoi 125................................59
4.6.2 Xc nh ch ct khi tin mt u .......................................................61
4.6.3 Ch ct khi tin b mt tr ngoi 60.................................................62
4.6.4 Ch ct khi tin b mt tr ngoi 45 ................................................63
4.6.5 Ch ct khi tin ren M60x5.5..............................................................64
CHNG 5:
NHNG VN QUAN TRNG I VI MY P................................66

5.1 Du thy lc v bo qun ...........................................................................66
5.1.1 Du thy lc .............................................................................................66
5.1.2 Bo qun du thy lc..............................................................................67
5.2 S r r v lm kn .......................................................................................68
5.2.1 S r r......................................................................................................68
5.2.2 S lm kn ................................................................................................69
5.2.3 Ngn nga r r ........................................................................................71
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
-7-
5.3 Khp ni thy lc ........................................................................................72

5.4 Bin dng n hi trong h thng my p thy lc..................................73
CHNG 6:
VN HNH V BO DNG H THNG ................................................76

6.1 Vn hnh h thng .......................................................................................76
6.1.1 Yu cu v lp rp....................................................................................76
6.1.2 Qui trnh khi ng ban u ....................................................................77
6.1.3 Cc im lu khi vn hnh bm ...........................................................78
6.2 Bo dng h thng .....................................................................................79
6.2.1 H thng lc v sch ...........................................................................79
6.2.2 Gim st ch ........................................................................................79
6.2.2.1 Thit b ..................................................................................................79
6.2.2.2 Cht lng ...............................................................................................80
6.2.2.3 Mi mn thit b ....................................................................................80
6.2.3 K hoch bo dng.................................................................................80
6.2.4 Mt s qui tc chung trong k thut bo dng h thng thy lc .........81
KT LUN V XUT KIN ................................................................82
A. Kt lun ..........................................................................................................82
B. xut kin ................................................................................................82
Chng 1: TNG QUAN

SVTH: L Thanh Tng
-8-
1.1 Thc trng v xu hng s dng my p thy lc hin nay:

Trn th gii hin nay c nhiu cng ty ch to my p phc v cho ngnh
cng nghip nng v nh nh cc loi my p dng trong sn xut giy, my p
dng nong l trong sn xut chi tit my, my p dng t, my p dng
p gch, dng p vn dm. Tuy nhin tnh a dng trong khu thit k sn
phm ny cha c, v l do nhu cu s dng mt hng ny khng nhiu. Nn a s
cc cng ty chuyn sn xut my p lun sn xut theo n t hng ca i tc.
iu ny dn n thc trng nc ta cha c cng ty no thit k v ch to ra
my p hon chnh. Do kinh nghim cng nh cng ngh l cha , m cc
cng ty ch yu l phn phi li sn phm ca cc cng ty nc ngoi hoc nhn
n t hng ti Vit Nam ri a v cc cng ty chnh ch to.
Qua tm hiu cc cng ty chuyn sn xut v ch to my p ch yu tp trung
nhng nc c nn cng nghip pht trin mnh nh ti M c cng ty
DENISON c thnh lp t nm 1900, ti n c cng ty VELJAN, cng ty
YOKEN ca i Loan chuyn cung cp cc loi van v bm thy lc kh nn, ti
c c tp on REXROTH chuyn v sn xut ch to, sa cha v bo dng
cc loi my p thy lc cng nh cung cp thit b ph tng cho cc h thng
thy lc kh nn. Ti Vit Nam c cng ty C phn Cng ngh Qunh, cng ty
T.A.T ti Tp HCM, cng ty Long Qun ti H Ni l cc cng ty chuyn v phn
phi, lp t, thit k, t vn h thng thy lc kh nn hng u ti Vit Nam.
Di y l mt s loi my p thy lc ang c trn th trng Vit Nam
+My p thy lc ti cng ty Long Qun: hnh 1.1
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
-9-
a)
b)
c)
d)
f)
e)
Hnh 1.1 Mt s my p ti cng ty Long Qun.
a) My p th mu b tng.
b) My p gia nhit sa lp xe my theo cng ngh Nht.
c) My p ng gi bao b nha.
d) My p khung ch H.
e) My p vn dm.
f) My p thy lc 1200 tn.
1.2 Tnh cp thit ca ti tt nghip:

Cng vi tin trnh ton cu ha, xu hng cc quc gia xch li vi nhau v
kinh t ni chung cng nh vic chuyn giao cng ngh, my mc ni ring
chnh l hnh thc cc cng ty a quc gia: cng ty m (nh sn xut) cng ty
con (nh phn phi). Hin nay, ti Vit Nam cha c cng ty no sn xut v ch
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 10 -
to my p thy lc m ch yu l nhp khu t nc ngoi v ca cc hng sn

xut ni ting nh gii thiu phn 1.1. Trong hon cnh nc ta ang trn
ng pht trin nn kinh t cng nghip, nhu cu s dng my mc l rt ln v
a dng. Tuy nhin, lu nay th trng ny vn thuc v cc nh sn xut my
mc thit b nc ngoi vi rt nhiu u th v cng ngh v kinh nghim, to
ra s chi phi v gi c cng nh mu m kch thc ca sn phm. Chnh iu
ny to ra s lng ph trong vic s dng my mc hoc l s khng dung ha
v kch thc ca chi tit gia cng v kch thc ca my.
Cng ty C kh Z751 l cng ty chuyn v sn xut cc loi chi tit my phc
v cho qun i cng nh nhn cc n t hng thng xuyn ca cc doanh
nghip phc v cho sn xut kinh t nh nh my thp POMINA Bnh Dng,
mt s cng ty ti Tp HCM. iu ny to ra s chuyn mn ha trong sn
xut tng loi chi tit my. Nh vy, yu cu cn c my mc hin i phc v
cho vic chuyn mn ha sn xut. Hin ti cng ty ang s dng mt s loi
my p ca M phc v cho cng vic sn xut, iu ny sinh tnh trng
khng ph hp v hnh dng b khung cu my p, cng nh nng sut khng
p ng cho cng vic sn xut nhng chi tit c phc tp cao. Trc tnh
hnh , cn c nhng k s ng ra tm hiu v ch to thnh cng my p
phc v cho cng vic sn xut ca cc cng ty nc nh ngy cng pht trin v
a dng trong lnh vc sn xut.
1.3 Mc ch v ni dung ca ti:
1.3.1 Mc ch:
Vi ti nghing cu v thit k my p thy lc c ti trng 70 tn phc
v cho nh my C kh Z751. Hin nay, nh my ang s dng my p lu i
nn cc loi my p u xung cp, v vy hot ng sn xut rt nguy him n
tnh mng ca cng nhn. Bn cnh vn ti chnh, khng gian sn xut
khng em li cho cng ty mt s chn la ty trong vic mua cc loi my p
thy lc ang cho bn trn th trng. V vy mc ch ca ti ny l thit k
my p thy lc c ti trng 70 tn ph hp vi tnh hnh hin nay ca cng ty
Z751.
1.3.2 Ni dung:
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 11 -
Thit k my p thy lc c ti trng 70 tn bao gm cc phn sau:

+ Thit k s mch thy lc.
+ S nguyn l my p thy lc.
+ Tnh ton cc thng s k thut ca tng b phn.
- B phn tc ng: Cylinder Piston.
- H thng Van.
- Bm.
- ng ng.
- H thng lm mt du.
- H thng lc du.
- Thng cha du.
- Thn my p.
+ Bn v lp my p thy lc.
1.4 Nguyn l hot ng v phn loi:
1.4.1 Nguyn l hot ng.
My p thy lc l my hot ng hu nh theo tc dng tnh. Nguyn l lm
vic ca my p thy lc da trn c s ca nh lut Pascal. dng chung nht
th my p c 2 khoang: cylinder c piston v cc ng ng ni (hnh 1.3 ). Nu
nh t mt lc P1 vo piston 1, th n s to ra p sut p =
P1
. Theo nh lut
f1
Pascal th p sut p c truyn ti tt c cc im ca th tch cht lng v do c

hng tc dng vung gc vi mt y ca piston 2, n s to ra lc P2 = p x f2 ,
v lc ny gy p sut tc dng ln phi 3.
Trn c s nh lut Pascal ta c:
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 12 -
P2 = P1
f2
f1
Hnh 1.2 S nguyn tc hot ng ca my p thy lc
Din tch f2 ln hn din tch f1 bao nhiu ln th lc P2 s ln hn lc P1 by

nhiu ln.
1.4.2 Phn loi. (hnh 1.3)
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 13 -
Hnh1.3 Phn loi cc my p thy lc theo chc nng cng ngh.

a- gia cng kim loi; b- gia cng vt liu phi kim loi
Thng s chnh ca my p thy lc l p nh mc PH l tch ca p sut

cht lng trong cylinder vi din tch c ch ca cc piston cng tc ca my p.
Ph thuc vo cc chc nng cng ngh m cc my p khc nhau kt cu ca
cc chi tit chnh, v cch phn b v s lng ca chng, cng nh v tr s ca
cc thng c bn PH, Z, H, AxB (Z - l chiu cao h ca khng gian dp; H
hnh trnh ton b ca u p; AxB kch thc ca bn my).
Theo chc nng cng ngh cc my p c chia ra lm my p cho kim
loi (hnh 1.3a) v cho vt liu phi kim loi (hnh 1.3b). My p cho kim loi
c chia lm 5 nhm: rn v dp, p chy, dp tm, thc hin cc
cng vic lp rp v x l cc ph liu kim loi. Do cc my p c nhiu loi
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 14 -
khc nhau nn ngi ta thng dng lc p nh mc PH l thng s ph bin

nht.
Trong s cc my p thuc nhm 1 c th k tn: My p rn rn t do c
dp trong khun, PH= 520MN; My p dp dp nng cc chi tit bng
magi v hp kim nhm, PH= 10700MN; My p t t nng cc phi
bng thp trong ci kn, PH= 1.530MN; My p chut ko chut ko cc
phi rn qua cc vng, PH= 0.7515MN.
Trong s cc my p ca nhm 2 c th k: My p thanh - ng v my p
thanh - ng, dng p kim loi mu v thp, PH= 0.4120MN.
Trong nhm 3 c th k tn cc loi: My p dp tm kiu tc dng n
gin, PH= 0.510MN; My p vut vut su cc chi tit hnh tr, PH=
0.34MN; My p gp mp, to mt bch, un v dp cc vt liu dng tm
dy, PH= 345MN; My p lc, un lc vt liu dng tm dy v nng, PH=
3200MN.
Trong nhm 5 phi k tn cc loi my p ng gi v ng bnh, c dng
p cc ph liu nh phoi kim loi, PH= 16MN. Cc my p thy lc dng cho
cc loi vt liu phi kim loi gm c my p cho cc loi bt, cht do v p
cc tm phoi g, g dn.
Tnh nng cng ngh ca my p thy lc s quyt nh kt cu ca thn my
(kiu ct, kiu 2 tr, kiu chuyn dng), quyt nh kiu v s cylinder(kiu
plunger, kiu piston nhiu bt, kiu piston)
Chng 2: PHN TCH V CHN PHNG N TI U

2.1 nh gi kh nng ng dng my p thy lc ti cng ty Z751:
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 15 -
Vi s cnh tranh trn th trng hin nay yu cu mi cng ty mun tn ti

u phi lun lun i mi v cng ngh sn xut, iu dn n cn c s
u t trang thit b my mc hin i s dng cng ngh mi.
Tuy nhin khng phi bt c cng ty no u c th thay i cng ngh mt
cch d dng c m cn ph thuc vo tim nng kinh t v chin lc sn
xut ca cng ty. Cng ty C kh Z751 l cng ty thuc B Quc Phng, do vy
c s l thuc vo i tng sn xut l my mc, thit b, cc chi tit my
phc v cho qun i trc khi cng ty tham gia vo sn xut kinh t phc v
cho cc doanh nghip bn ngoi qun i. Chnh iu ny nh hng n tim
lc kinh t ca cng ty, ngha l c s phn lung v i tng sn xut chnh.
nh gi v s phc v ca cng ty, hng nm cng ty c 6 thng sn xut
cc sn phm cho qun i, thi gian cn li l sn xut kinh t. Cc loi chi tit
cng ty s dng my p gia cng l nong l m xch ca xe tng, dng trong
vic p cc khun st, dng t cc phi, dng vut cc yn xe, vut bnh
xng xe my v t, dng chn u bulng lc gic, p (ct) theo khun nh
hnh....
nh gi mt cch tng quan kh nng ng dng my p thy lc ti Z751,
khi lng ca my p chim mt khi lng ng k. Hu nh ta nhn thy
cng on sn xut mt chi tit bt k u c s dng my p t khu to phi
n mt nguyn cng trong qui trnh cng ngh. V vy i vi cng ty C kh
Z751, my p ng vai tr rt quan trng trong cng vic sn xut.
2.2 a ra cc phng n:
Cc phng n thit k c a ra u da trn nhng tiu ch sau: gi thnh,
kch thc ca my p, tin cy ca h thng, kh nng bo tr, tnh i ln ca
tng b phn trong my, h s an ton, ch s kh nng sn sng
Di y l 2 phng n thit k.
2.2.1 Phng n thit k 1:
Phng n thit k ny chnh l thit k my p thy lc c 4 tr hoc 2 tr
nh tm ( hnh 2.1).
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
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Hnh2.1 My p c tr nh tm.
* u im ca phng n:
- Mch thy lc hot ng n nh.
- Nng sut gia cng ln.
- Lc p n nh.
- S dng cho my p c cng sut ln.
* Nhc im ca phng n:
- Qu trnh gia cng phc tp.
- Cng on lp ghp phc tp.
- Kch thc khung khng thun li cho vic sn xut.
- Mch thy lc thit k phc tp v cn phi c van phn phi.
- Vic bo tr kh phc tp.
- Gi thnh ca sn phm kh cao.
- Cng vic bo dng kh phc tp.
2.2.1 Phng n thit k 2:
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
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Phng n thit k ny l da vo nn tng l my p thy lc ca cng ty sau

hon thin dn bng cch thm vo nhng chc nng ph ca h thng thy
lc nh lm mt, van tit lu, b tch tr, h thng iu khin bng in
Tuy nhin phng n ny thit k s khng c phn tr nh tm m dng
b phn tc ng Cylinder-Piston nh tm (hnh 2.2).
Hnh2.2 My p khng c tr nh tm.
* u im ca phng n:
- m bo y nhng chc nng ca my p.
- H thng iu khin linh hot v hnh trnh, p sut tng i n nh.
- Kch thc khung ph hp vi dng sn xut ca cng ty.
- Bo tr n gin.
- H thng in tng i n gin.
* Nhc im ca phng n:
- iu khin kh phc tp.
- H thng khng vng bng h thng c tr nh tm.
- H thng ny ch thch hp vi my c cng sut nh.
2.3 Chn phng n ti u:
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 18 -
Nh ni phn trn, phng n ti u l phng n m tha mn nhng

yu cu trn. y ta chn phng n thit k th 2, v gi thnh ch to ra my
ny s t tn km hn nhng n gin d s dng. Mt khc, b khung ca my
s cho ta khng gian lm vic nhiu hn, thun li cho vic gia cng nhiu chi
tit phc tp v d yn xe gn my. Ngoi ra, ta c th thay th c u p
c iu ny khng th lm c i vi my p c tr. Ta c th gn u nh
hnh thc hin cng on dp nh hnh i vi nhiu loi chi tit.
Chng 3: THIT K K THUT MY P

SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 19 -
3.1 Yu cu k thut:
Tt c my mc khi thit k ch to u c yu cu k thut qu trnh hot
ng t hiu qu cao. Di y l yu cu k thut ca my p thy lc:
+Yu cu hng u l my phi cng vng trong khi lm vic.
+My s dng phi an ton, chu c iu kin kh hu nng Vit Nam, v nhit
cao lm nhit ca cht lng tng nhanh nh hng n p sut lm vic.
+p sut phi n nh khi lm vic.
+Khi c s c xy ra phi dng my ngay lc .
3.2 Thit k s mch thy lc:
y ta s dng h thng thy lc k hiu A.N.S.I
T phng n thit k 2 c chn ta a ra s mch thy lc nh sau:(hnh 3.1)
Hnh 3.1 - S mch thy lc
3.3 S nguyn l my p thy lc:

i vi my p thy lc thng ng ta chia ra thnh 2 giai on:
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 20 -
+ Giai on 1: (hnh 3.2a) u p i t trn xung thc hin chc nng p. giai
on ny di tc dng ca p sut thy lc do bm cung cp ln pha trn a
piston, thanh truyn c gn u p s dch chuyn ra ngoi c th y l thanh
truyn dch chuyn xung pha di. Khong cch dch chuyn ca thanh
truyn ph thuc vo ngun p lc ca dng thy lc do bm cung cp, chiu
di ca thanh truyn v tc ng ng m ca c cu iu khin chnh.
Van iu khin Solenoid giai on ny, trc chnh di tc dng ca t
trng s dch chuyn sang tri, lc ny cng P ni thng vi cng B a
cht lng vo cylinder, ng thi cng A s thng vi cng T a cht lng v
thng cha thng qua b lc tinh.
Hnh3.2a. Giai on 1 ca my p.
+ Giai on 2:(hnh 3.2b) y l giai on u p c nhc ln tr v v tr ban

u. Tng t nh giai on 1 di tc dng ca p sut do bm cung cp
ln pha mt di ca a piston th lm thanh truyn chuyn ng ln pha trn
mang theo u p.
Van Solenoid giai on ny, trc chnh di tc ng ca t trng s dch
chuyn sang pha phi, lc ny cng P s c ni thng vi cng A a cht
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 21 -
lng vo trong cylinder, ng thi cng T s c ni thng vi cng B a

cht lng v thng cha qua b lc.
Hnh3.2b. Giai on 2 ca my p.
3.4 Tnh ton cc thng s k thut ca tng chi tit.

3.4.1 B phn tc ng: Cylinder Piston.
Trong phn ny, chng ta s i tm hiu v b phn tc ng chuyn ng
tnh tin, l: cylinder piston, ng c tnh tin, ng c tuyn tnh
3.4.1.1 Nhim v ca cylinder piston:
Bin i nng lng p sut ca cht lng thnh c nng. C 3 dng b phn
tc ng:
B phn tc ng chuyn ng tnh tin cylinder thy lc.
B phn tc ng chuyn ng quay - ng c thy lc.
B phn tc ng bn quay (gii hn gc quay).
3.4.1.2 Cc thnh phn c bn ca cylinder-piston: ( hnh 3.3)
Cylinder c hnh tr trn, l b phn c nh, bn trong cylinder c b phn
chuyn ng ti lui theo chu k gi l piston. Piston thng c ni vi thanh
truyn. Trong h thng thy lc, thanh truyn c ni vi piston truyn ng
nng t piston ln ti, cng c trng hp khng dng thanh truyn piston tc
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 22 -
ng trc tip ln ti, lc ny piston thng c gi tn l thanh y hay tr

y. Pha cylinder c thanh truyn nh ra gi l u thanh v pha khng c
thanh truyn gi l u np.
Hnh3.3 Cc thnh phn c bn ca cylinder - piston.
* Cu trc thanh truyn piston:

Hot ng vi c 2 phn trong v ngoi bung cylinder. Phn mt ngoi ca
thanh truyn cn phi phng, cng v vng ai phi kn. Tnh chng mn cn
phi c ch n. Ngi ta thng ph 1 lp crm ln cc b mt ca thanh
truyn, tuy nhin lp crm ny c th b r dng t ong, n s to iu kin cho
vic hp th hi nc vo ni y v cui cng dn n nguyn nhn oxy ha.
Trong mi trng nc khc nghit, ngi ta thng s dng thp c ph 2
lp crm v niken. Thng thng dy ca lp ph t 40150m, thnh thong
cng s dng thp chng g thay th. khc phc nhng khim khuyt ca
vt liu kim loi ngi ta ph ln n 1 lp ceramic.
3.4.1.3 Phn loi cylinder-piston:
Cylinder-Piston tc ng n: hnh 3.4
Loi ny c ca np va l ca x chung trong cylinder v piston ch sinh
theo mt chiu chuyn ng. Khi du thy lc c bm vo cylinder, piston
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 23 -
(hay tr y) s chuyn ng v sinh cng. Piston s tr v v tr ban u do trng

lng ca ti hay do lc y ca l xo v du b p tr v bnh cha.
Hnh 3.4 Cylinder - Piston tc ng n
Cylinder-Piston tc ng kp:
Trong cylinder-piston tc ng
kp, piston s sinh cng theo c 2
chiu tnh tin. Du thy lc s vo /
ra trong cylinder c 2 bn piston v
vy trn c 2 u cylinder u c ca
np v ca x. (hnh 3.5)
S lu ng ca ca du thy lc
c iu khin bi van 1 chiu hoc
bm thy lc o chiu.
Hnh 3.5 Cylinder - Piston tc ng kp
Cylinder-Piston kiu bc: hnh 3.6

Chiu di ca cylinder-piston l tng chiu di ca thanh n, b dy ca
piston, y, nh v chiu di ca thanh truyn. Kiu cylinder-piston ny c s
dng trong trng hp hn ch v chiu di ca my. Hu ht cylinder-piston ki
u bc u tc ng n.
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 24 -
Hnh 3.6 Cylinder - Piston kiu bc
Hnh 3.7 Cylinder Piston kiu pluger
Cylinder-Piston kiu pluger: hnh 3.7

Loi cylinder-piston ny khng c piston hoc piston khng kn vi cylinder.
Cylinder ch dng nh cylinder y, iu ny s dn n piston c mi quan h
v b dy vi thanh truyn.
3.4.2.4 Tnh chn cylinder-piston:
Trong ngnh ch to my p hay s dng cc cylinder c b trn y v
trn mt bch. B ca cylinder trn y l hp l nu xt t kha cnh bn,
bi v trong trng hp ny, s loi tr c ng sut do s un thnh cylinder
bi phn lc ca b trn mt bch. Ngoi ra thnh ca cylinder s khng chu
cc ng sut ko theo chiu trc.
Thng thng khi c b cylinder trn y s lm phc tp thm kt cu
ca my p, tng khi lng v kch thc ca n. V vy trong ngnh ch to
my p, c s dng rng ri nht l cc cylinder c b trn mt bch. (hnh
3.8).
Theo cc c im ca trng thi ng sut th cylinder c th chia ra lm ba
vng chnh: Vng hnh tr A; vng mt bch B; vng y (hay vng vm) C.
Do vng hnh tr kh ln so vi vng y v vng mt bch cho nn c th
coi nh ng dy v c tnh theo cng thc Lame.
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 25 -
Nu nh ch c p sut trong tc dng ln

cylinder, trn thnh ca cylinder c cc ng
sut sau:
- ng sut hng knh:
prB2 rH2
r = 2 2 1 2
rH rB r
- ng sut tip tuyn:
prB2 rH2
t = 2 2 1+ 2
rH rB r
- ng sut theo chiu trc do nh hng ca y:
prB2
z = 2 2
rH rB
Trong : t > z > r.
Hnh3.8 Cc thnh phn ca cylinder
ng sut ln nht xut hin trn b mt trong ca cylinder (r = rB).

Theo thuyt nng lng v bn, ng sut tng ng c xc nh theo
phng trnh sau:
e =
1
2
( t z ) 2 + ( z r ) + ( r t )
2
ng sut ln nht trn thnh bn trong:
e max = C MK .
ng sut cho php c xc nh t biu thc:
[ ] =
Fp
i =1
Fi
Trong : gii hn chy khi ko;

SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 26 -
n h s bn d tr bn theo gii hn chy.

T ta c:
[ ]
rH = rB
[ ]
(3.4.2a)
3p
Tr s ng sut cho php [] i vi cylinder c l 80100MPa; i vi

cylinder rn bng thp (0.30.35%C) l 110150MPa; i vi rn bng thp hp
kim (1.52%Ni) l 150180Mpa.
Ta xc nh s tng quan gia [] v p khi ng knh ngoi ca cylinder s
l nh nht. Ta c:
PH = rB2p
(3.4.2b)
Trong : PH lc nh mc do cylinder to ra.

T ta c:
rB =
PH
p
(3.4.2c)
Thay (3.4.2c) vo 3.4.2a ta nhn c:
rH=
PH [ ]
p [ ] 3 p
(3.4.2d)
T biu thc nhn c, suy ra rH s l nh nht khi t gi tr ln nht ca

biu thc:
u = p [ ] 3 p
(3.4.2e)
Trong : [] = const; cn p th thay i, khi :
du
= [ ] 3.2 p = 0
dp
T :
pOT =
[ ]
(3.4.2f)
2 3
p sut pOT t biu thc (3.4.2f) c gi l p sut ti u. Thay tr s pOT t

biu thc (3.4.2f) vo (3.4.2d ) ta nhn c:
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 27 -
rH min = 1.5
PH
[ ]
(3.4.2g)
Khi chn p sut ca cht lng cng tc, cn phi ch rng, khi tr s p tin
gn ti pOT (bt u t mt p sut no ) s c s gim khng ng k kch
thc ca cylinder khi tng p sut .
V vy ngi ta thng ly:
p = (0.700.75) pOT
(3.4.2h)
V p sut p c gi l p sut hp l.
Cc cng thc Lame ng i vi tit din ca cylinder nm kh xa cc on
m c s thay i chiu dy ca thnh cylinder. Ti cc tit din ca
cylinder nm gn mt bch hoc nm gn phm vm cong s xut hin cc ng
sut ph c tr s gn bng cc ng sut tnh theo cc cng Lame. V vy, kch
thc thnh cylinder vng vm v vng mt bch c chn theo cc mi quan
h kinh nghim t thc t.
Cc piston ca cylinder cng tc c lm c hoc rng. Piston truyn lc
ti u p v chu nn. Kiu lin kt gia piston vi u p c th l kiu lin kt
cng (ui piston ngm cht u vo u p).
Khi piston lin kt cng th piston s chu ti bi tc dng ca mmen do
my p chu ti lch. iu ny c th dn n s mi mn nhanh ng dn hng
v lm hng m kn. Lin kt cng c s dng trong my p mt cylinder v
dng cho piston gia ca my p ba cylinder.
Cc cylinder thng c ch to theo kiu rn t thp Cacbon 45 hoc 60,
b mt ca chng c ti v nh bng cn thn ( nhm b mt khng qu
0.63 v chnh xc tng ng cp 2 khi lp vo ng dn hng). Cc piston
c lin kt cng vi du p, thng c ch to t thp hp kim crm
mlipden, cng b mt cng tc ca piston bng 4860HRC.
* Tnh ton cc thng s k thut ca cm cylinder piston:
Gi Dc - l ng knh trong ca cylinder, mm.

SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 28 -
Dr - l ng knh ca trc piston, mm.

A - l din tch mt trong cylinder, din tch a piston, mm2.
p - l p sut ca h thng thy lc, N/m2.
F - l ti trng lm vic, N.
Theo nh yu cu thit k, th ti trng nh mc l 70tn.
Nh vy: F = 70 x 103 x 9.81 = 686700 (N).
y ta chn p sut ca h thng p=250 (bar). Cylinder lm t thp c c
[] = 80100 MPa.
Kim tra li theo cng thc (3.4.2f), ta c p sut ti u ca h thng:
pOT =
[ ]
2 3
100.10 6
2 3
28900000 (N/m2) = 289 (bar).
Nh vy pOT > p. Nn ta chp nhn p sut ca h thng p = 250 bar.

T p sut h thng ta suy ra cc thng s ca cylinder piston theo mi quan
h k thut:
A=
( )
686700
F
=
= 0 . 0274 m 2
5
p
250 10
Dc =
4A
4 0 . 0274
= 0 . 186 (m )
3 . 14
Nh vy theo bng 4.1(trg140-Ti liu I), ta chn Dc=200(mm).

V ng knh thanh truyn Dr=125(mm).
* Chiu di thanh truyn piston L, mm.(hnh 3.9)
m bo sc bn ca thanh truyn piston khi lm vic, chiu di Lp ca
trc piston phi tha mn cng thc sc bn vt liu sau:
K=
Vi
2 EJ
L2
K ti trng ti hn, kg;

E mun n hi, E=2.1x106 kg/cm2 (i vi thp);
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 29 -
J mmen qun tnh i vi tm thanh truyn,
J =
(cm4)
64
Nh vy ta thay cc s liu vo, ta c L:
L=
2 EJ
K
3.14 3 2.1 10 8 16 4
=
= 9752 (mm).
70 10 3 64
m bo bn trc piston ta chn Lp= 1150(mm).

i vi cylinder, p dng cng thc (3.4.2g), ta c:
rH min = 1.5
PH
[ ]
= 1.5
686700
0.124(m).
100.10 6
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 30 -
a)
b)
Hnh 3.9 Bn v ch to cm cylinder-Piston.

a) Kt cu ca cylinder.
b) Kt cu ca piston.
3.4.2 H thng van:
3.4.2.1 Nhim v ca van thy lc :

Van thy lc c nhim v iu khin dng thy lc, tn hiu iu khin v b
phn tc ng thy lc. Van thy lc thng c s dng iu khin tc
dng, iu khin hng v iu khin p sut thy lc. Tuy nhin mt s van c
a chc nng, c th thc hin nhiu nhim v iu khin.
Tn hiu iu khin van c th l tn hiu c kh, tn hiu bng tay, thy lc,
kh nn hoc in. Tc ng ca van iu khin c th l tn hiu s (digital) hay
tn hiu tng t (analogue).
Thng thng van c nhng chc nng sau:
Van trn c s dng gi p sut ca mch thy lc.
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 31 -
Van trc ng 4 cng c th s dng thay i trc tip chiu quay ca m t

thy lc.
Van iu khin lu lng s dng thay i tc ca b tc ng.
Trong thc t th 2, 3 hoc nhiu van c ni vi nhau thnh 1 van ghp c nhiu
chc nng.
3.4.2.2 Phn loi van thy lc :
Cc van c nh gi bng kch thc, kh nng chu p lc v mc
gim p. C rt nhiu kiu thit k van thy nhng nhn chung li th c mt s
van chnh sau y.
Van trn p: loi ny s dng trn mt s ni trong my thy lc, trn ng v
ca mch duy tr p sut trong thng thy lc, trn ng ng dn. Trn
cylinder thy lc khi qu ti, ng ng thy lc khng b nt v. Trong
cc thng cha duy tr mt p sut ngn khng cho nc ng li v nhim.
Van gim p: loi van ny s dng gii hn p sut khng vt qu mc yu
cu ca mch. y l loi van thng m, p sut vo s cn bng vi lc l xo,
khi p sut tng ln th thng lc l x v dng lu cht s chy qua van v thng
cha nn p sut gim.
Van tun t: van ny c s dng truyn dng thy lc n h thng th
cp, ch sau khi c hot ng xy ra trong h thng s cp. y l loi van
thng ng, v ch m dng thy lc ra n h thng th cp, khi h thng s
cp t n ngng p sut thit t trc. p sut ca h thng s cp s c
duy tr li sau khi van thc hin hot ng th t.
Van 1 chiu: loi van n gin nht, y l loi van hot ng ch c 1 chiu i
khng c chiu ngc li, n cho php tch tr np hoc duy tr p lc khi my
khng hot ng.
Van 1 chiu c ng iu khin: y l van 1 chiu thng ng nhng c th
iu khin bng tn hiu t bn ngoi. V d nh ti trng khng th gi c bi
p sut ca van 1 chiu. Thng thng, p sut bn ngoi vo ng ng khc
c kt ni vi m t hay cylinder.
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 32 -
Van treo ti: thc cht van treo ti l 1 dng c bit ca van 1 chiu c ng
iu khin. Nhng ngc li vi van 1 chiu l c th m hoc ng, van treo ti
ch 1 phn nh ca van iu khin lu lng c ng iu khin.
Van ngt: loi van ny c thit k nh mt thit b t ng bt kn cc ng
dn thy lc nu nh p sut thy lc qu cao hoc qu thp hn p sut nh.
Cc loi van ph tr: cc h thng thy lc phc tp thng hay s dng nhng
khi van ph tr thc hin nhng chc nng phc tp khng th thy c
nh b tch tr thy lc, qut lm mt. Cc van ny thng c thit k ph hp
cho nhng my ring bit.
3.4.2.3 Chn van thy lc :
Theo s mch thy lc phn trn, ta chn 3 loi van:
Van trn p.
Van 1 chiu.
Van Solenoid.
Sau y l phn tnh ton 3 loi van c nu trn.
3.4.2.3.a. Van 1 chiu: (hnh 3.10a)
Van 1 chiu bao gm 1 thn van c cng vo v cng ra, 1 l xo, v 1 vin bi.
Hnh 3.10a S kt cu van mt chiu.
3.4.3.2.b. Van trn: (hnh 3.10b)

Van trn c 1 l xo, 1 vt iu chnh, 2 cng P v T. Cng T l ni cht lng s
v thng du khi van m. y l van thng ng, van m khi p lc cht lng
trn ng ng thng c lc l xo, y thanh chn qua tri lm cht lng s
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
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thng vi cng T m v thng cha, p lc trong mch s gim n khi no cn

bng vi lc l xo.
Hnh 3.10b S kt cu van trn.
3.4.2.3.c. Van solenoid: (hnh 3.10c)

Van solenoid c 4 cng. Cng P ni vi thng cha, cng T a cht lng
v, cng A v B l 2 cng ni vi ng ng chnh.
Van solenoid hot ng da trn hin tng cm ng t. Khi cun dy c in s
bin li st thnh nam chm v ng thi ht ng cun v pha li st lm cho ng
cun chuyn ng. Qu trnh ny s lm ng m cc cng van v van solenoid
hot ng. Khi mt in th di tc dng ca lc l xo th ng cun s tr v v tr
cn bng ban u.
Hnh 3.10c S kt cu van Solenoid.
3.4.3 Bm thy lc:

SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 34 -
3.4.3.1 Nhim v ca bm thy lc:

y du thy lc vo h thng v to nn dng lu ng. C th ni bm
chuyn c nng thnh nng lng p sut trong lu cht, sau nng lng p
sut li chuyn thnh c nng trn b phn tc ng.
Cc thnh phn c bn ca bm thy lc gm: (hnh 3.11)
Hnh 3.11 Cc thnh phn c bn ca mt my bm
Mt ca np a du t bnh cha hoc t ngun cha vo bm.

Mt ca thot du ni vi ng ng p lc.
Bung bm ti du t ca np n ca thot.
Cc c cu khc m bo hot ng ca bm.
Cc dng bm thy lc s dng ph bin
+ Bm bnh rng: n gin, r tin, bn, hiu sut cao, thch hp cho h thng
c p sut di 300 bar (3x107N/mm2).
+ Bm cnh qut: n gin, r tin, tin cy cao. Loi ny dng tt vi h
thng c lu lng cao nhng p sut thp ti u ra.
+ Bm piston hng trc: loi bm ny dng thay i lu lng dng ra
iu khin p sut trong lu cht.
+ Bm piston hng knh: loi bm ny dng vi h thng i hi p sut lu
cht cao nhng lu lng nh.
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 35 -
Bm piston t hn bm cnh qut v bm bnh rng, nhng tui th ca bm

cao khi hot ng p sut ln, s dng vi nhiu loi cht lng khc nhau.
3.4.3.2 S dng cng sut ca bm v ng c my p thy lc
Cng ca my p thy lc c xc nh bi thi gian tc thc hin hnh trnh
cng tc, khi s bin dng do kim loi c tin hnh. Gi thit rng h thng
dn ng khng c tn hao nng lng.
Ta a vo cc k hiu sau y:
P lc ca my p ti thi im cho trc ca hnh trnh piston;
p p sut cht lng trong cylinder my p;
S hnh trnh ca piston;
Pdn lc p danh ngha ca my p;
Sc hnh trnh cng tc.
Nu nh b qua cc tn hao trong h thng thy lc, th i vi b dn ng ca
bm khng c bnh tch p, khng c bnh trn trc dn ng bm, thi
im bt k ca hnh trnh cng tc ta c ng thc:
Np = Nb = Nc
(3.4.1)
trong : Np cng sut ca my p hnh trnh cng tc;

Nb cng sut ca bm;
Nc cng sut ca ng c in.
Khi my p lm vic c nhng thi im m Np t gi tr cc i. T biu thc
(3.4.1) suy ra l cng sut ca bm cng phi l cc i. Ngha l bm phi c
tnh theo cng sut cc i my p v c xc nh bng lc ln nht v tc
cho trc ca chuyn ng cp bnh rng.
Bi v thi gian hnh trnh cng tc tr nn nh nht khi s dng cng sut ton
b ca bm, vy nhn c tc nh nht th bm phi lm vic vi cng sut
nh mc trong sut ton b hnh trnh cng tc:
(3.4.2)
KpQ = Nb
trong :
K h s ph thuc vo th nguyn ca Q, p v N;
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 36 -
p p sut ca bm;
Q lu lng ca bm.
Ngi ta gi bm l bm l tng nu nh n m bo c iu kin
(3.4.2) trong sut qu trnh cng tc v c h s c ch bng 1.
cc iu kin thc t th cc bm ca my o thy lc khng lm vic vi
cng sut khng i, c bit l lc bt u ca hnh trnh cng tc v i vi
nhiu qu trnh cng ngh khng cn c p sut cao m ch cn c nng sut cao.
th lc p i vi s n gin nht ca my p mt cylinder dn ng
khng c bnh tch p t bm c lu lng khng i c trnh by trn hnh
3.12a
b)
a)
c)
Hnh 3.12 Cc th lc p ( phn c gch l cng sut bm khng s dng).

a) th lc p ca my p mt cylinder khng c bnh tch p.
b) th lc p dn ng t bm l tng.
c) th lc p khi bm kiu piston c trc khuu lm vic vi 3 mc
p sut v lu lng cp cho my p mt cylinder.
Phn din tch c gch 0ab t l vi cng khng c bm s dng v c

trng cho vic s dng cng sut ca bm.
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 37 -
Tr s ca tung p i vi im a s tng ng vi p sut m bm khng

s dng thi im v t l vi phn cng sut khng s dng ca bm, bi
v:
N = pQ; cn Q=const.
kt cu n gin nht th b dn ng ca bm khng c bnh tch p
thng c s dng mt phn nh cng sut nh mc.
th lc dn ng t bm l tng c trnh by hnh 3.12b. y
cng sut ca bm c s dng ht. Mc hon thin ca cc dn ng thc
t cn c nh gi bng cch so snh vi dn ng t bm l tng, lm vic
vi cng sut khng i.
Trn hnh 3.12c trnh by th lc p khi bm kiu piston c trc khuu
lm vic vi ba mc p sut v lu lng cp cho my p mt cylinder:
paQa = pbQb = pcQc = NH
Cc im a, b, c ca th l cc im cng sut khng i.
pc > pb > pa;
Qc < Qb < Qa
Phn cng m bm khng dng c gim i. Thi gian hnh trnh cng tc,
cng sut ca bm v ng c c th gim so vi cc thng s ny trong trng
hp dn ng t bm lu lng khng i.
Vic a s lm vic ca b dn ng ti gn hn vi s lm vic ca bm l
tng trong thi gian tc thc t bng cc phng php sau: S dng cc bm c
iu chnh kiu bc thang lu lng theo p sut; s dng cc bm c cc c
tnh khc nhau; s dng mt lot cc bm ging nhau, s dng cc bm c thay
i t ng cng sut; s dng my p nhiu cylinder m chng lm vic vi
cc p sut khc nhau v c bng cc phng php k trn.
Khi khng c bnh tch p th vic a s dn ng ti gn vi s lm vic
ca ng c l tng c th t c bng cc phng php k trn gim cng
sut ca bm. Thng th thi gian dnh cho cc cng on ph li nhiu hn
thi gian ca hnh trnh cng tc ca my p. B dn ng s bt buc phi lm
vic khng ti trong thi gian di.
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 38 -
Cng sut ca ng c in khi bm chy khng ti thng vo khong

1015% cng sut cc i. V vy nhng ch m cc yu t cng ngh cho
php, th hp l hn c l gim mt phn tc ca hnh trnh cng tc. Trong
trng hp ny, thi gian ton b ca chu trnh c th thay i khng ng k do
vic gim thi gian cho hnh trnh tip cn, hnh trnh kh hi v chuyn ch .
Cc qu trnh cng ngh ring th d nh t s yu cu lc th tc cao,
lc th tc thp ca hnh trnh cng tc. iu ny lin quan ti cc tnh cht
cng ngh ca vt liu phi. Trong trng hp ny c th c c cng sut ca
bm v ng c in mt cch ti u hn bng cch ngt mt s bm cng ng
c.
Khi chn cng sut ca ng c in cho my p thy lc, ngi ta thng
phn bit hai ch lm vic ca n: Ch lm vic lu di v ch lm vic
ngn lp li.
Theo ch lm vic lu di ngi ta thng chn ng c in cho dn
ng kiu bm c bnh tch p v ngi ta thng chn ng c in theo ch
lm vic ngn lp li cho dn ng kiu bm khng c bnh tch p. Thng th
c th chn cng sut nh mc ca ng c in bng mt na cng sut ca
bm.
Vic gim tip theo cng sut ca ng c in dn ng khng c bnh tch
p c th m bo bng cch t mt bnh trn trc ni bm v ng c in.
dn ng c bnh , vic thay i s vng quay ca bnh v s nh
nng lng ca n ph thuc vo c tnh c hc ca ng c in. Trong trng
hp ny biu thc (3.4.1) s c dng:
Np = Nb Nc
Yu t gii hn y l cng sut ca bm cng sut ng c c th gim
2-3 ln v hn na ph thuc vo c tnh ti P = f(S).
Trong mt s trng hp, vic s dng trit hn cng sut ca ng c
in v bm c th t c bng cch lin kt nhiu my p c cng lc p vo
mt my p ln.
3.4.3.3 Tnh chn bm thy lc:
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 39 -
Xut pht t cc thng s nh:

+p sut hot ng ln nht.
+Dng iu khin.
+Tc hot ng ca bm.
+Dng cht lng s dng.
+Gi thnh.
+Bo dng.
y ta chn loi bm bnh rng v kch thc nh gn, gi thnh r v p
sut cung cp li ln nhng lu lng nh. Bo dng li d dng v iu khin
n gin.
T bng 2.2 (trang 31, ti liu1), ta chn p sut bm p=250 (bar)
Gi F l ti trng lm vic:
F= 70(tn) = 70x103x9.81= 686700(N).
Dc l ng knh ca piston(mm).
T cng thc F = p x A (A l din tch y piston[m2])
A=
F
686700
=
= 0 .0274 ( m 2 )
5
p 250 10
Dc=
4A
4 0 . 0274
= 0 . 186 ( m )
3 . 14
Tra bng 4.1 (trg 140-TL 1), ta chn Dc=200(mm).

Gi Q l lu lng do bm cung cp,(lt/s).
V l vn tc dng chy,(m/s).
V bm hot ng vi p sut ln nn ly v=0.02 (m/s).
Q = v x A = 0.02
3.14 0.2 2
= 0.000628 (m3/s) = 0.628(l/s) = 37.68(l/ph)
4
So snh vi bng 5.11(trg 216-TL1), ta thy tha mn v cch chn.

Nh vy cng sut ca bm P(kW), nu nh ta ly hiu sut bm =0.85
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 40 -
P=
Q p 37.68 103 250 105

=
= 18.47 (kW)
0.85 60 1000
60
Ta s chn ng c in c cng sut 20(kW).

3.4.4 H thng ng ng:
ng dn c dng trong h thy lc phi c ch to chnh xc, lin nhau

khng c hn ni. ng c kch c theo tiu chun ph hp vi mt gii hn p
sut chu ng khc nhau v ng knh tiu chun ca ng c th ln n
100mm. Nhim v chnh ca ng ng l ni gia cc b phn dn lu cht
trong h thng. Cc ng ng thng c phn theo chc nng ca chng
gm:
+ ng ng lm vic: ng ng np, ng ng p lc, hi tip.
+ ng ng khng lm vic: ng ng x, ng ng tn hiu.
Hin nay c 3 loi ng dng trong thy lc: ng tube, ng pipe v ng mm.
ng tube: ng tube c s dng trong h thng thy lc yu cu cc ng
ng dn c ng knh khng ln hn 1 inch(25.4mm) v p sut khng vt
qu 400bar. ng tube c lm loe ra v c lp vi cc khp ni nn p c
ren. C 2 loi ng tube:
+ Loi khng c ghp mi: c sn xut bng cch ko ngui hoc dng cc
phi p nong t thp lng mm.
+ Loi ghp mi: c hn gip m ch to t thp l c cn ngui, sau
c to thnh ng, hn v ko.
Loi khng ghp mi c ch to c kch c ln hn loi ng tube hn
in. Trong thc t th ng tube s dng tha ng hn, bi vchng rt d un,
yu cu t chi tit hn v khp ni cng t hn.
ng pipe: c lm ren vi cc khp ni c ren trong c th c s dng vi
ng knh ln n 32mm v p sut c 70bar. Trong trng hp h thng thy
lc ng knh c p sut vt qu 70 bar v ng knh ln hn 32mm th ng
s s dng mt bch, hn li v cc khp ni cng lin kt bng hn. Kch c ca
ng nh r bng ng knh danh ngha bn trong, ng ren ng pipe l ng
nht tt c cc kch c, khng k n dy thnh ng.
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 41 -
ng pipe c s dng trong cc h thng thy lc c kch thc ln,

nhng ni cn lu lng dng chy ln, v t bit thch hp cho nhng ng
ng thng, c nh v di. ng pipe c lm ren cn trn ng knh ngoi
lp vo l cn hoc khp ni. Tuy nhin, n khng th un c , thay vo
khp ni s c s dng tai mi v tr cn lin kt. Chnh iu ny lm cho
tng gi thnh h thng v to iu kin cho s r r.
ng mm: cc loi ng mm c s dng nhng ni ng ng thy lc
c ni vi nhng thit b di chuyn vi nhau. ng mm c ch to thnh 3
lp. Vt liu lp trong cng bng cao su tng hp, cht liu cao su c xc
nh bng loi du thy lc s dng trong h thng. Cc lp gia l cc lp
tng cng bn cho ng, c th bng si vi hoc cao su i vi nhng ng
chu p sut thp, hoc loi dy bn li tay th cho si vi i vi nhng ng
chu p sut cao hn. ng mm c s dng rt ph bin bi v n lm n
gin ha h thng ng dn trong h thng thy lc. Khi thit t mt cch ng
n, s to iu kin cho gim bt s va p, cc ng mm c thit t t do,
trnh s un cong ca cc khp ni gia cc u lin kt.
Tnh chn kch thc ng lm vic
p sut h thng thy lc s xc nh dy thnh ng ca cc loi ng

khc nhau. p sut, ng knh v dy ca thnh ng c trnh by trong
bng I , [Trang 157 Ti liu 3].
3.4.5 H thng lm mt:
Nu nhit tng cao, kh nng bi trn s gim, ng thi kh nng xy ha

du cng tng, dn n s n mn cc b phn v hnh thnh cc cn lng trong
h thng.
Cc du thy lc hin nay c th vn hnh 820C, trong khi vi nm trc
y nhit gii hn ch ti 490C v vy cn phi duy tr nhit du mc qui
nh.
Chng ta u bit rng thit k hnh dng v kch thc bnh cha du thun
tin vic lm mt khng phi lc no cng p dng c trong thc t v nhng
rng buc khng gian lp t, nn phi tin hnh bin php lm mt du khc.
Phn loi h thng lm mt: c 2 loi h thng lm mt
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 42 -
H thng lm mt bng khng kh: h thng ny chnh l nhng cnh tn nhit

gn theo chiu di ca ng ng to ra s truyn tt nht. Nhit ca du
trong cc ng dn s truyn ra khng kh nhanh hn nh nhng cnh tn nhit
ny. B tn nhit c th cn c gn pha di y bnh cha.
H thng lm mt bng nc (hnh 3.13): h thng ny thng c kh nng lm
mt cao hn b lm mt bng khng kh. Trong thit b ny, du s i qua
ng ng xung quanh c nc tun hon. Nhit trong du s truyn qua nc
nn nhit s gim nhanh chng.
Hnh 3.13 Kt cu ca b lm mt bng nc.
3.4.6 H thng lc du:
3.4.6.1 Nhim v ca h thng lc: (hnh 3.14).
H thng lc c chc nng lc

cc cht bn du. C nhiu loi v
kch c b lc khc nhau. B
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 43 -
phn lc ch yu trong h thng

lc l phn t lc, khi du i qua
cc cht bn s b gi li. Ngoi ra
cn c mt van ni tt, khi van
ny m th du i qua trc tip,
khng lc c.
Hnh 14 Kt cu ca b phn lc.
3.4.6.2 Cu trc ca h thng lc:

3.4.6.2.a Vt liu lc
C 3 loi vt liu lc thng dng, l mng kim loi, cht d thm v cht
hp th.
+ Mng kim loi: d c dt dy nhng chng cng ch lc c nhng ht kim
loi tng i th, khng ha tan.
+ Cht d thm: s dng bng vi, bt g, si hoc giy qua x l. Loi ny lc
c nhng cht bn nh hn v mt s c kh nng tch c nc v cht bn
ha tan trong nc.
+ Cht hp th: dng cht hp th nh than hot tnh. Loi ny khng dng trong
h thng thy lc v ngoi vic hp th cht bn c trong du, cn hp th lun
c cht ph gia trn trong du chng li s mi mn.
3.4.6.2.b Cc loi phn t lc:
C 3 phn t lc c bn: kiu b mt, kiu cnh v kiu chiu su.
+ Phn t lc trong: thuc kiu b mt, c lm bng vi dy hoc giy qua x
l. Du s chy qua cc l nh ca phn t lc cn cht bn s b gi li.
+ Phn t lc kiu cnh: du s chy qua khong trng gia giy
hoc cc a kim loi. Mc lc c xc nh bng khe h gia cc a.
+ Phn t lc kiu chiu su: gm cc bng vi hoc n dy.
3.4.6.2.c V tr ca h thng lc:
C th chia ra lm 2 mc lc l:
+ Lc tinh: lc tinh thng t
trn ng ng du tr v
(hnh 3.15 ).
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 44 -
Ti y b lc s gi li
cc cht bn v cc sn
phm ca qu trnh mi
mn trong du trc khi
du tr li thng cha.
Ch khi du i qua b lc
th p sut du s b suy
Hnh 3.15 S b tr ca b lc.
gim. S suy gim p sut b lc tinh s ln hn lc th, v vy khi thit k

nn iu ny.
+ Lc th: c t trn ng ng np du vo my bm. Khng nn dng lc
tinh y v c th gy ra tnh trng thiu du ca my bm. Khi du i qua
b lc th th p sut suy gim khng ng k.
3.4.7 Thng cha du:
Thng cha du c 2 chc nng: lu tr v iu ha du trong h thng. Cc
b lc c nhim v tch cht bn trong du khi gy nght dn n s ph hy
h thng.
Vic thit k thng cha du d dng nu nh ta khng b rng buc v gii
hn khng gian, v trng lng v ta c th chn v tr lp t theo mun.
Thng cha du thy lc c cu to hp l, ngoi vic cung cp du cho
bm cn phi c cc kh nng sau:
Ta nhit tt.
Tch c khng kh ra khi du.
Nhn bit c s nhim trong du.
Mt s vn lin quan n vic thit k bnh cha du:
3.4.7.1 Hnh dng:

V hnh dng, bnh cha cao v hp tt hn l nng v rng. Cng dung tch
nhng bnh cao v hp s c mc du cao hn bnh nng v rng. trnh s
xoy lc ca du ta nn mc du trong bnh cao hn ca ng np ca bm,
nu c s xoy lc ca du trong ng ng np th s c khng kh i vo h
thng. iu ny s dn n kh nng truyn cng sut s gim v khng kh b
nn, v hn na khng kh s lm gim kh nng bi trn ca du.
3.4.7.2 Kch thc:
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 45 -
Thng cha du c kch thc ln s c kh nng lm mt du cao do din

tch b mt tip xc vi khng kh ln nn vic tn nhit d dng hn. Thng
cha ln th s tun hon du cng t hn nn cc cht bn d lng ng.
Kch thc ca thng cha du cng phi cha du khi tt c cc piston
tr v v tr ban u v khong trng cho s dn n ca du khi tng nhit .
+ i vi cc my mc tnh thng hay p dng qui tc dung tch thng cha phi
bng 2 hoc 3 ln lu lng du c bm s bm ra trong 1 pht.
+ i vi cc my mc ng nh h thng thy lc trn t th qui tc trn t khi
s dng m dung tch ca thng cha c chn theo kinh nghim.
3.4.7.3 V tr:
Thng cha t ln pha trn bm chim t l kh cao trong cc h thng thy
lc. Vi cch lp t ny th ca np ca bm lun y du lm kh nng c
khong trng trong bm. Khi c khong trng trong bm th kh nng n mn
kim loi s xy ra. Du trong ng np cng c th gy ra s xoy lc du ca
np.
3.4.7.4 Tm ngn:
Trong thng cha c b tr mt s tm ngn. Chiu cao tm ngn khong bng
2/3 mc du. Cc tm ngn c 2 tc dng:
Ngn khng cho du trn ng ng khng tr v i ngay vo bm. C tm ngn
th du tr v s tn ra pha vch thng cha, nhit s gim thp trc khi ha
vo lng du c sn trong thng.
Trnh s tung te du bn trong thng cha khi h thng ang hot ng
3.4.7.5 Np thng du:
Np thng cha thng c l thng hi, trn np c b lc ngn khng cho
bi lt vo cng khng kh. Mt s thng cha khng dng l thng hi m thay
th l van iu khin. Van s t ng a khng kh lc vo thng cha nhng
khng cho khng kh i ra ngoi cho n khi p sut trong thng t n gi tr
xc nh trc.
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 46 -
Hnh 3.16 Kt cu ca thng du
3.4.8 Thit k thn my:
Trn hnh (3.17) trnh by s phn loi thn my p thy lc. Tiu chun u
tin c dng phn loi l hng chuyn ng ca dng c cng tc: kiu
nm ngang, kiu thng ng hoc kiu hn hp (dng c cng tc dch chuyn
theo phng nm ngang v phng thng ng, theo phng thng ng v
phng nghing). Cc my p kiu ng cn phn loi tip, theo hng tc
ng ca lc cng tc (hng ln trn hoc xung di), loi my p c dn ng
trn hoc dn ng di.
Hnh 3.17 S phn loi thn my p thy lc.
Ngi ta cng phn bit cc loi khung: mt tr, hai tr, kiu ct (hai ct, ba
ct, bn ct v nhiu ct), kiu kt cu c bit.
Mi thn my p c th li l kiu hn lin hoc kiu lp ghp, kiu c c
(thp 35) hoc c hn (thp CT3). Cc thn my p c ln c khi lm bng
b tng ct thp.
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 47 -
gia cng cc chi tit c kch thc ln, ngi ta s dng cc thn my
kiu t hp t nhiu cc thn my mt tr, hai tr, hoc t nhiu thn ghp ni
vi nhau.
Ph thuc vo chc nng cng ngh ca my p v s lng cc chi tit phi
gia cng m kt cu thn my c th thay i.
Vic tnh ton cc thn kiu ct c c im ring. Tnh ton cc thn kiu
ng ca my p cng nh vic tnh ton ca thn kiu hai tr (chiu cao ca
thn c ly bng di ca ct gia cc mt phng trong ca x ngang). i
vi my p kiu ng, nu ta tnh thn theo ti nm ngang s khng hp l v cc
ct c cng vng nh so vi cng vng ca x ngang. Thng th cc ct
chu tc ng ca ti nm ngang, c xem nh l dm, m cc u mt c c
nh cht cc x ngang c nh. ng thi gi s c ti u tc dng ln cc ct
(c th c s khng u ca ti thi im ban u, nhng sau s c san
bng u, v c s phn b li ti).
ng sut cc ct l:
max =
N Mx
+
< [ ]
F Wu
Trong :
max - ng sut ln nht ti tit din nguy him;
[] - ng sut cho php ca tit din;
N
- lc nn thanh chu tc dng;
- din tch tit din nguy him;
Mu - mmem un theo phng x ca thanh;

Wu - mduyn chng un ca tit din.
Nh vy y ta cn phi i
gii bi ton sc bn kim tra
bn ca thn my p. Ta xem
thn my p nh mt thanh thng
chu un v nn ng thi.
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 48 -
Di y l cc biu xy
dng t gi thit:
n gin ha kt cu thn my,
ta c biu sau: (hnh 2.18)
Hnh 2.18 S n gin ha kt cu thn my p
* Biu ni lc trn thn my:
a)
b)
Hnh 2.19 Biu ni lc ca thn my p.

a) Biu lc dc Nz (N).
b) Biu lc ct Q (N).
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 49 -
a)
b)
Hnh 2.20 Biu ni lc ca thn my p.

a) Biu mmen un Mu (Nm).
b) Biu ng sut (N/m2).
Ta xc nh c ng sut ln nht ca thanh l ti ngm. em so snh vi

ng sut cho php ca vt liu l thp CT3:
max = 120,172500 < [] =160 (MN/m2).
Nh vy kt cu ca khung bn.
Chng 4: QUI TRNH GIA CNG CHI TIT

4.1 c im v iu kin lm vic:
Trc piston l mt chi tit quan trng trong h thng my p thy lc. Trc
piston mt u gn vi a piston, u cn li c gn vi u p (x ngang di
ng) thc hin nhim v p. Khi trc piston lm vic chuyn ng ln xung
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 50 -
di tc ng ca p lc du. Trc piston chuyn ng trong cylinder v trnh

s r r du ngi ta p nhng m kn ln thn trc piston.
V kt cu th trc piston c 2 u ren lp bulng vo v mt u c gn
vi u p, ngoi ra cn c mt l vung gip cho vic gi u p c chc
chn hn.
Trong qu trnh lm vic th trc piston chu tc dng ca lc ko nn ng tm.
4.2 Yu cu k thut:
Yu cu k thut khi gia cng trc piston ph thuc vo cng dng, iu kin
lm vic v ngay c dng phi liu. Khi ch to trc piston thng phi m bo
nhng yu cu k thut sau y:
o hng knh ca ng knh ngoi ln nht ca trc piston
trong
khong (0,025 0,1)mm.

B mt trc piston phi bng phng, khng g gh.
m bo ng tm ca ng knh ngoi thn trc piston v hai u ren.
Dung sai trn ca mt A khng ln hn 0,006mm.

Dung sai tr ca mt A khng ln hn 0,006mm.
4.3 Vt liu ch to:
Cc piston thng c ch to t thp hp kim nh 20X, 40X, crmniken

hoc crm-mlipden. Nhng vt liu ny c tnh chng mn v gim rung tt.
4.4 Phng php to phi:
Phi trc piston c th ch to bng nhiu phng php khc nhau nh c,

hn, rn hoc t thp cn. Vi loi trc piston dng cho my p thy lc ta chn
vt liu l thp 40X v c ch to t phng php rn t do trong khun trn
my ba. Di y l bn v phi ca trc piston my p thy lc.
Hnh 4.1 Bn v phi trc piston.

SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 51 -
4.5 Bn v ch to trc piston:
4.6 Thit k cc nguyn cng cng ngh:
Vic thit k nguyn cng l lm sng t cc vn k thut t ra cho tng

nguyn cng nh: Cc bc cng ngh m nguyn cng tin hnh nh v v
kp cht nh th no? g ra sao? My cng ngh, dng c kim tra, dng c
ct gt v dung dch trn ngui?
Chn tin trnh gia cng:
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 52 -
Nguyn cng 1: Lm sch phi.
Phi thng c b mt sn si, c cc ria mp, cht bn, nhng lp r st, cnh
sc nn cn phi lm sch vi mc ch:
To b mt sch d gia cng.
To b mt khng gia cng c tt d g t.
Dng mi tay lm sch cc b mt, cc cnh sc.
Nguyn cng 2:
Ni dung nguyn cng:
+ Tin mt u, khoan tm v tin lp mng b mt phi u tri.

+ Tr u sau tin mt u v khoan tm u cn li v tin lp mng b mt
phi u phi.
S g t:
My cng ngh:
Ta chn my tin c ln ca Lin X l 1M63, vi cc thng s sau:

ng knh ln nht ca chi tit gia cng c (mm): 630
Khong cch hai u tm (mm):
3000
S cp vng quay ca trc chnh:
Z = 22
S vng quay ca trc chnh:
n = 10 1250 v/ph
Lng chy dao dc:
0,064 1,025 mm
Lng chy dao ngang:
0,026 0,378 mm
Cng sut ng c:
13 kW
Kch thc ca my (di x rng x cao):
4950x1690x1420
Chun cng ngh v phng php g t:
Chi tit c g trn mm cp 3 chu t nh tm v luynt ng,nh v

nh mt tr ngoi v mt u (khng ch 5 BTD).
Chn g:
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 53 -
Hnh 4.1 - Luynt v mm cp 3 chu t nh tm.
Dng c ct:
Chn dao tin u cong c gn mnh thp gi.
Theo ti liu [8, trang 306, Bng 4.21], dng c ct c cc thng s sau:
10
10
60
0,5
Mi khoan tm lin hp:
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 54 -
Thng s mi khoan tm lin hp:

Tn mi khoan ng knh d
Mi khoan tm
Chiu di L
60
Chiu di lm vic
4,5
Dng c kim tra:
Dng thc dy kim tra chiu di ca trc, thc c chiu di

5000mm, vi cp chnh xc 0,1mm.
Dng ng h so o ng tm ca 2 l tm.
Dung dch trn ngui:
Khi tin mt u v khoan tm ta dng dung dch trn ngui l nc

emunsi.
Nguyn cng 3:
Ni dung nguyn cng:
+ Tin tinh b mt tr ngoi 1 t kch thc 125, chiu di L=1112.

+ Tr u chi tit, tin tr b mt cn li.
S g t:
My cng ngh:
Ta chn my tin c ln ca Lin X l 1M63:

Chun cng ngh:
Chi tit c g trn 2 mi tm v s dng tc kp, luynet.

Dng c ct:
+ Dao tin ngoi c gn mnh hp kim cng.

SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 55 -
Theo ti liu [8, trang 297, Bng 4.6], dng c ct c cc thng s sau
H
16
10
100
10
0,5
Dng c kim tra:
Dng thc kp vi cp chnh xc 0,01 mm kim tra.

Dung dch trn ngui:
C th dng hoc khng dng dung dch trn ngui. Nu dng dung dch
trn ngui l nc Emunsi.
Nguyn cng 4:
Ni dung nguyn cng:
+ Tin b mt tr ngoi t kch thc 100, L = 180(mm).

+ Tr u li, tin b mt tr ngoi t kch thc 100, L = 180(mm).
S g t:
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 56 -
My cng ngh:

Chun cng ngh:

Dng c ct:
+ Dao tin rnh c gn mnh hp kim cng.
Theo ti liu [8, trang 307, Bng 4-21].

H
12
12
65
1.2
Dng c kim tra:

Dng dch trn ngui:
Ta dng dung dch trn ngui l nc Emunsi.

Nguyn cng 5:
Ni dung nguyn cng:
+ Dng dao tin ren vt mp t kch thc 3x45.

+ Tin ren M60x5.5, L = 60 (mm).
+ Tr u chi tit li, vt mp t kch thc 3x45.
+ Tin ren M60x5.5, L = 80 (mm).
S g t:
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 57 -
Chun cng ngh v phng php g t:

My cng ngh:

Dng c ct.
Chn dao tin ren c gn mnh hp kim cng.
Theo
ti liu
[8, trang 301, Bng 4.12], dng c ct c cc thng s sau:

b
12
20
120
0,8-3
Dng c kim tra:

SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 58 -
Dng dch trn ngui:
Ta dng dung dch trn ngui l nc Emunsi.

Nguyn cng 6:
Tng kim tra cc mt gia cng. Gia cng cc ba via.

4.7 Xcnh ch ct:
4.7.1 Xc nh ch ct khi tin b mt tr ngoi 125:

Chn chiu su ct: t (mm).
Khi tin th: t = 3(mm), s ln ct i = 2.

+ Kch thc trc Dth1 = 140(mm).
+ Kch thc trc sau tin th: Dth2 = 128(mm).
Khi tin bn tinh: t = 1.25(mm), s ln ct i = 1.
+ Kch thc trc: Dbn tinh 1 = 128 (mm).

+ Kch thc trc sau tin bn tinh: Dbn tinh 2 = 125.5(mm).
Khi tin tinh: t = 0.25, s ln ct i = 1.
+ Kch thc trc: Dtinh 1 = 125.5(mm).
+ Kch thc trc sau tin bn tinh: Dtinh 2 = 125(mm).
Chn lng chy dao: S (mm/vg).
+ Sth = 0,6 mm/vng ( theo [8, trang 11, bng 5 11]).

+ Stinh = 0,1mm/vng ( theo [8, trang 13, bng 5 14]).
Xc nh tc ct: V (m/ph).
V =
CV
K V , m / ph
T t xv .S zyv
m
Trong :
Cv H s iu chnh tra [8, trang 14, bng 517] ta c: Cv = 350 khi vt liu
li ct l T15K6.
xv, yv, m Cc s m c tra [8. trang 14, bng 5 17] ta c:
xv = 0,15; yv = 0,35, m = 0,2
V Vn tc ct.
S Lng chy dao vng, Sth = 0,6 mm/vng, Stinh = 0,1 mm/vng.
T Tui bn ca dao khi s dng 1 dao, T = 60 pht.
t Chiu su ct, tth = 3(mm), ttinh = 0.25(mm).
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 59 -
Kv H s iu chnh vn tc, ta c: Kv = Kmv.Knv.Kuv

Vi Kmv H s iu chnh ph thuc vo tnh cht c l ca thp;
Theo [8, trang 7, bng 53], khi b = 750 Mpa c Kmv = 0,48
Kuv H s ph thuc vo vt liu ca dng c ct, s dng vt liu T15K6
khi thp bn nhit v chng n mn. Theo [8, trang 8, bng 56] ta c Kuv = 1,9.
Knv H s iu chnh ph thuc vo tnh trng b mt phi
Theo [8, trang 8, bng 55], ta c Knv = 0,9.
K v = K mv .K nv .K uv = 0.48 09 1.9 = 0,82

Thay cc gi tr thng s trn vo cng thc tnh tc ct ta c:
Vth =
60
0, 2
350
0.82 = 128.33 (m / ph )
30,15 0.6 0,35
350
0.82 = 240.26 (m / ph )
60 0, 2 30,15 0.10,35
Vtinh =
nth =
1000 Vth 1000 128.33

=
= 319.29 (vng/pht)
D
3.14 128
ntinh =
1000 Vtinh 1000 240.26

=
= 612.127 (vng/pht)
3.14 125
D
Theo thuyt minh my ta chn nth = 580(vg/ph), ntinh = 850 (vg/ph).

Lc ny tc ct thc t:
Vth =
Vtinh =
Dn
1000
Dn
1000
3.14 128 580

= 305.96 (m/ph).
1000
3.14 125 850

= 333.625 (m/ph).
1000
Tnh lc ct Pz.
Theo [8, trang16] ta c cng thc:
Pz = 10.C P .t x .S y .V n .K P
Cp, x, y, n L h s v s m c tra theo [8, trang 18, bng 5 23] ta c:
Cp = 300; x = 1; y = 0,75, n = - 0,15.
Kp H s iu chnh, Kp = Kmp.Kp..Kp.Kp.Krp
Theo [8, trang 9, bng 5 9] ta c: Kmp = 0,75/0,75 = 1
Theo [8, trang 17, bng 5 22] ta c: Kp = 1,08 khi gc nghing chnh 30o
Theo [8, trang 17, bng 5 22] ta c: Kp = 1,25 khi gc trc 15o
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 60 -
Theo [8, trang 17, bng 5 22] ta c: Kp = 1 khi gc ct chnh 5o

Theo [8, trang 17, bng 5 22] ta c:Krp = 0,87 khi bn knh nh dao r =0,5mm
K p = 1 1.08 1.25 1 0.87 = 1.175

Thay cc s trn vo cng thc ta c:
Pz = 10 300 31 0.6 0, 75 305.96 0,15 1.175 = 3055.23 (N).

Cng sut ct N.
N=
Pz V
3055.23 305.96
=
= 15.27 kW
60 1020
60 1020
4.7.2 Xc nh ch ct khi tin mt u:

t, S, V tra theo [8, trang 56, bng 5 64] khi dng dao tin T15K6.
Kha mt u trn my tin 1M63, b = 750 Mpa.

N, tra theo [8, trang 60, bng 5 68].
t (mm)
S (mm/vg)
V(m/ph)
n (v/ph)
T (pht)
N (kW)
2.5
0.75
227
850
0.12
4.9
Bng 4.6.2 Tc ct khi tin mt u.
n=
1000 V 1000 227

=
= 516.37 n = 850 (vg/ph).
3.14 140
D
Thi gian gia cng c bn.

T=
L + L1 + L2
.i (pht).
S .n
Trong : L = D/2 = 70 mm
L 1=
t
2.5
+ (0,5 2) =
+ 2 = 3.2 mm
tg
tg 60 0
L2= (0,5 5) mm, chn L2=5 mm

Thay vo ta c: T =
70 + 2.8 + 5
4 = 0,56 pht
0.75 850
4.7.3 Ch ct khi tin b mt tr ngoi 60 :

Ch ct khi tin th:
t (mm)
S (mm/vg)
V(m/ph)
n (v/ph)
T (pht)
N (kW)
0.5
260
890
1.54
5.8
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 61 -
Bng 4.6.3 Tc ct khi tin th mt 60.
1000 V 1000 260

=
= 1380 .04 n = 890(vg / ph )
3.14 60
D
n=
Thi gian gia cng c bn:

T=
L + L1 + L2
.i
S .n
(pht)
Trong : L = 130 mm ( chiu di b mt gia cng )

L1=
t
4
+ (0,5 2) =
+ 2 = 4.48 mm
tg
tg 60 0
L2= (1 3) mm, chn L2=3 mm

Thay vo ta c: T =
130 + 4.48 + 3
5 = 1.54 (pht).
0.5 890
Ch ct khi tin tinh:

+ Lng chy dao S tra theo [8, trang 13, bng 514] khi Ra 0.63:
t (mm)
S (mm/vg)
V(m/ph)
n (v/ph)
T (pht)
N (kW)
0.25
0.12
130
630
1.24
5,8
Bng 4.6.3 Tc ct khi tin tinh mt 60.
1000 V 1000 130

=
= 690.02 n = 630(vg / ph )
3.14 60
D
n=

T=
L + L1 + L2
.i
S .n
(pht)

L1=
0.25
t
+ (0,5 2) =
+ 2 = 2.68 (mm).
tg
tg 60 0
L2= (1 3) mm, chn L2=3 (mm).

Thay vo ta c: T =
130 + 0.25 + 3
1 = 1.24 (pht).
0.12 890
4.7.4 Ch ct khi tin b mt tr ngoi 100 :

Ch ct khi tin th:
t (mm)
S (mm/vg)
V(m/ph)
n (v/ph)
T (pht)
N (kW)
0.4
260
890
1.57
5.8
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 62 -
Bng 4.6.3 Tc ct khi tin th mt 100.
1000 V 1000 260

=
= 828 .025 n = 890(vg / ph )
3.14 100
D
n=

T=
L + L1 + L2
.i
S .n
(pht)

L1=
4
t
+ (0,5 2) =
+ 2 = 4.30 mm
tg
tg 60 0
L2= (1 3) mm, chn L2=3 mm

Thay vo ta c: T =
180 + 4.30 + 3
3 = 1.57 (pht).
0.4 890
Ch ct khi tin tinh:

+ Lng chy dao S tra theo [8, trang 13, bng 514] khi Ra 0.63:
t (mm)
S (mm/vg)
V(m/ph)
n (v/ph)
T (pht)
N (kW)
0.5
0.12
130
580
2.66
5,8
Bng 4.6.3 Tc ct khi tin tinh mt 45.
n=
1000 V 1000 130

=
= 414.01 n = 580(vg / ph )
3.14 100
D

T=
L + L1 + L2
.i
S .n
(pht)

L1=
t
0.5
+ (0,5 2) =
+ 2 = 2.28 (mm).
tg
tg 60 0
L2= (1 3) mm, chn L2=3 (mm).

Thay vo ta c: T =
180 + 2.28 + 3
1 = 2.66 (pht).
0.12 580
4.7.4 Ch ct khi tin ren M60x5.5:

Chiu su ct: t (mm).
Chn chiu su ct t = 2(mm).
Lng chy dao: S (mm/vg).
+ Lng chy dao dc: Sd bng bc ren p. Sd = 5.5 (mm/vg).
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 63 -
+ Lng chy dao ngang: Sp bng chiu su ct t. Sp = 2 (mm/vg).

Tc ct: V(m/ph).
V =
Cv
Kv
T S y S zx
m
Trong :
Cv v cc s m m, x, y, v chu k bn trung bnh T
Theo [ Bng 5-49, trang 38- TL 8 ], ta c cc gi tr ca cc h s trn:
Cv H s iu chnh, tra bng Cv = 14.8 ; Vt liu li ct P6M5.
x = 0.70; y = 0.30; m = 0.11T = 80(ph).
Kv h s iu chnh tng qut, ph thuc vo cc iu kin ct c th:
Kv = Kmv x Kuv x Kev
Trong :
Kmv h s ph thuc vo tnh cht ca vt liu gia cng, Kmv = 1.0
Kuv h s ph thuc vo tnh cht ca vt liu phn li ct, Kuv = 1.0
Kev h s ph thuc vo phng php ct ren, Kev = 1.0
Thay vo cng thc trn, ta c:
V =
80
0.11
14.8
1 = 14.09 (m/ph).
2 0.30 0.4 0.70
Cc quan h lc:
+ Lc ct thnh phn tip tuyn, Pz(N):
Pz =
10 C p p y
iu
Kp
Trong :
p bc ren, p = 2 mm;
i s bc ct, i = 3 (bng 5-45, trang 38 TL 8).
Cp, y h s v s m, tra theo (bng 5-51, trang 43 TL 8) ta c:
Cp = 148; y = 1.7; u = 0.71.
Kp h s iu chnh, Kp = Kmp = 0.75 (bng 5-10, trang 9 TL 8).
Nh vy ta c:
10 148 21.7
Pz =
0.75 = 1653.17 (N).
30.71
Cng sut ct ren N, kW:
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 64 -
N=
Pz V
1653 14
=
= 0.37 (kW).
1020 60
1020 60
Chng 5: NHNG VN QUAN TRNG I VI MY P

5.1 Du thy lc v bo qun.
5.1.1 Du thy lc:

Du trong h thng thy lc l mi trng truyn cng sut. Du thy lc
cng l mt cht bi trn v lm ngui cho h thng. Vic chn loi du thch
hp l yu cu quan trng i vi s lm vic tha ng v tui th ca h thng
thy lc.
Hai yu t quan trng chn du thy lc:
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 65 -
Cht ph gia chng mi mn : loi du thy lc c chn phi cha cc cht

ph gia cn thit bo m c tnh chng mi mn cao.
nht : loi du c chn phi c nht thch hp duy tr mng bi trn
y khong nhit lm vic ca h thng.
Nhng loi du thy lc ph hp
Du hp trc khuu : phn loi theo tnh nng, k hiu bng cc ch ci SC, SD
hoc SE ca SAE J180.
Du thy lc chng mi mn : khng c k hiu ph bin chung cho loi du
thy lc ny. Tuy nhin cc nh cung cp du thy lc chnh u sn xut v cung
cp loi du c cht lng chng mi mn ny.
Nhng loi du qui nh khc ca sn phm du m, thch hp i vi cc h
thng thy lc, nu chng p ng c nhng tnh cht sau:
a) C ng chng loi v hm lng cc cht ph gia chng mi mn da trn
nhng loi du hp trc khuu k hiu trn, hoc qua mt th
nghim trn bm thy lc tng t loi du chng n mn.
b) p ng vi cc ngh v nht trnh by trong bng di y.
c) C tnh n nh ha hc y , i vi qu trnh hot ng ca h thng
thy lc.
Bng di y trnh by nht yu cu s dng i vi cc thit b ca
Vickers trong nhng h thng thy lc c gii v cng nghip.
K hiu nht theo SAE
Phm vi nhit hot ng

h thng (t0 min - t0 max)
***
5W
-100 F n 1300 F (-230C n 540C)
5W 20
5W-30
-00 F n 1800F (-180C n 830C)
10W
-00 F n 2100F (-180C n 990C)
10W 30**
-500 F n 2100F (100C n 990C)
20 - 20W
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 66 -
*Nhit vn hnh
Nhit th hin bng trn l nhit ngui lc bt u lm vic n nhit

ti a khi vn hnh. Nhng qui nh khi ng thch hp c tun th bo m
s bi trn y trong sut qu trnh hm nng h thng trc khi chnh thc
hot ng.
5.1.2 Bo qun du thy lc:
Chng ta phi lun lun tun th cc yu cu bo m cho h thng sch s:
+ Phi lm v sinh lau ra ton b h thng loi b cc cht sn, nhng mnh
kim loi, cc x hn.
+ Sc ra, thay b lc mi khi thay du ngn cn s thm nhp ca cht nhim
bn vo trong h thng.
+ Phi tin hnh cung cp s lc sch du lin tc loi b cn bn v cc tp
cht do s mi mn v n mn to ra trong qu trnh lm vic ca h thng.
+ To ra s bo v lin tc cho h thng trnh s nhim ca khng kh vo h
thng, bng cch lm kn h thng v lc sch khng kh.
+ Trong qu trnh s dng ch ng mc du v bo dng cc lc du, l
thng hi, bnh cha
+ S thng kh phi thc hin ht sc cn thn bng vic thit k bnh cha v h
thng mt cch hp l ng n, bo m s thng kh ca du thy lc
c gi mc ti thiu.
5.2 S r r v lm kn.
5.2.1 S r r:
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 67 -
Chng ta bit khi bm truyn ng cho mt ng c thy lc c dung tch

bng nhau, ng c thy lc s quay vi tc nh tc ca bm. ng
nhin y chng ta gi thit ton b lng du thy lc i vo bm s c
phn phi n ng c thy lc v tc ng lm cho ng c quay. Nhng chng
ta bit rng, khng th t c 100% hiu qu th tch lm vic trong h thng,
bi v mt lng du thy lc b r r trong h thng. Mt s lng du c
nh k hoch hoc thit k b cho r r, mt s r r khc c th ngoi d
nh. Bt k s r r no c d tnh trc hoc l khng d tnh u lm gim
hiu qu lm vic, gy ra tn tht cng sut. S r r l vn chng ta phi chp
nhn trong nhng h thng thy lc. y l ci chng ta phi tr cho nhng li
ch khi c nhng phng php truyn ng cng sut khc nhau.
* S r r bn trong
S r r bn trong phi c thit k cc thit b thy lc cung cp s bi
trn cho cc li van, cc trc, piston, bi, cc c cu ca bm v nhng b phn
di chuyn khc ca thng thy lc. Ngoi ra, mt s thit b iu khin b ca
ng c thy lc v bm, mt s van thy lc, cc ng ng dn r r c thit
k cung cp s iu khin chnh xc, trnh cc piston v li van lm vic b
git cc hoc dao ng. Du thy lc khng b mt i nhng ng r r
bn trong, lun lun c ng v thng cha thng qua ng dn tr v hoc i
qua nhng rnh x t bit c thit k trong h thng.
Tuy nhin, s r r bn trong qu nhiu chc chn s lm cho c cu dn ng
lm vic chm li. S tn tht cng sut i km theo nhit sinh ra ti cc ng
r r. Trong mt s trng hp, s r r qua mc van c th lm cho cylinder b
tri dt hoc thm ch gy ra s lt du thy lc vo khi van ang v tr trung
ha. Trong trng hp van kim sot lu lng hoc kim sot p sut, s r r
thng lm gim tc ng iu khin, hoc c th b mt iu khin.
S mi mn thng thng s lm tng dng r r bn trong do to ra ng
dn dng chy ln hn. Du thy lc c nht thp s r r nhiu hn loi du
nng c nht cao. Do nht v ch s nht l s cn nhc quan trng
trong vic to ra hoc ngn cn s r r bn trong.
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 68 -
S r r bn trong cng s tng ln theo p sut, cng nh p sut cao s to

dng chy ln hn qua ng nh c. Vn hnh p sut cao hn p sut qui nh
s lm tng thm s nguy him do s to ra nhit v r r qua mc bn trong,
iu ny s gy ra tc ng c hi cho h thng.
m kn bn trong b v rch c th m ra mt ng dn dng r r ln lm
i hng ton b s phn phi ca bm. Khi iu ny xy ra, mi thit b u
ngng hot ng ngoi tr dng thy lc r r v nhit to ra ng ng dn
.
*S r r bn ngoi
n thi im ny cha c ai tm thy bt k s hu dng no i vi s r r
bn ngoi. S r r bn ngoi kt hp vi nhng tc hi ca r r ben trong to ra
cc iu kin lm vic khng ph hp. N to ra s c v vic gi v sinh ca
phn xng, nh my, s r r bn ngoi c th gy ra nguy him, gy tn km.
Ni ngn gn y l iu khng ai mun xy ra.
S thit t khng chnh xc v k thut bo dng km l nhng nguyn
nhn u tin gy ra r r bn ngoi. Cc mi ni c th r r v chng khng g
lp chnh xc vi nhau, hoc do va p v rung ng ng ng lm chng
rung lc v b lng cac mi ni. ngn chn iu ny, chng ta c th s dng
nhng gi ng ng thch hp.
Bn thn cc thit b thy lc t khi b r r nu chng c lp rp v thit t
mt cch chnh xc. Tuy nhin, nu c s h hng ng ng x, p sut tng
qua mc, hoc c s nhim bn c th lm cho cc m kn b rch v, b thi
lng v gy ra s r r bn ngoi ca thit b thy lc.
5.2.2 S lm kn:
S lm kn, theo quan nim rng nht l tt c nhng cng vic chng ta thc
hin gi du thy lc nguyn trong cc ng ng dn ca n, duy tr p sut
dng chy v gi cc vt liu l hoc bi bn khng cho xm nhp vo h thng
thy lc.
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 69 -
Khi chng ta mun ngn cn hon ton s r r, cn s dng phng php lm

kn tuyt i. Cn phng php lm kn khng tuyt i l kiu lm kn cho php
mt t s r r bi trn.
Trong hu ht cc thit b thy lc ca chng ta, s lm kn khng tuyt i
thng c thc hin bng cch lp rp cc chi tit gn st vi nhau. Lc ca
mng du mng m chi tit trt ln s lm to ra s m kn hiu qu i vi
loi m kn tuyt i, chng ta phi cung cp loi vt liu hoc b phn lm kn
tht s. Nhng thit b, vt liu ng dng lm kn thng c phn thnh 2 loi,
m kn tnh v m kn ng, ty theo cc thit b c lm kn di chuyn tng
i vi chi tit khc.
*Cc loi m kn tnh
m kn tnh thng c t gia cc b phn khng di chuyn tng i
vi nhau. Nhng loi m kn v gng lm kn l nhng loi m kn tnh, chng
thng c s dng lm kn cc mi lin kt gia cc chi tit. Cc loi m
kn ren ng pipe, cc vng m kn s dng vi khp ni ng tube, cc m kn
u np chp van v nhiu loi m kn khc gn trn cc b phn khng
chuyn ng c phn loi l nhng m kn tnh.
*Cc loi m kn ng
Loi m kn ng c ng dng nhng ni c s chuyn ng tnh tin,
hoc chuyn ng quay gia 2 chi tit c lm kn vi nhau. V d, m kn
gia piston v ng lt trong cylinder thy lc v m kn trn trc truyn ng
bm hay ng c thy lc. Cc loi m kn ng rt nhiu loi v rt khc nhau,
yu cu phi c mt kin thc chuyn su v nhng loi m ny.
*Nhng loi vt liu lm kn
Nhng loi vt liu lm kn u tin i vi cc thit b thy lc ch yu l da
thuc, lie v cc loi si tm. iu ny c th lm ngc nhin chng ta, v hin
nay ch trng thy nhng thit b m kn c trng by l nhng loi vng m
ch O, vng m ch T v cc loi m kn g. Nhng loi m kn ny ch c
ch to nh s pht trin ca cao su nhn to hay cao su tng hp trong thi gian
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 70 -
Chin tranh Th gii II. Loi cao su thin nhin khng thch hp vi cc sn
phm du m, do b dn n v phng rp trong mi trng du m.
Cao su tng hp hoc elastomer l loi vt liu c nhiu chc nng hp thnh
chng thch hp vi iu kin, trng thi cn lm kn. Hu ht nhng loi vt liu
lm kn chng ta ang xem xt trong h thng thy lc hin nay u c ch to
bng mt trong nhng loi vt liu tng hp ny: Nitril (buna N), Silicon,
Neoprene, Teflon, Butyl.
5.2.3 Ngn nga r r:
C 3 yu t chung tham d vo qu trnh ngn nga s r r. Kt cu lm gim
n mc ti thiu s r r, kim sot cc iu kin vn hnh v lp t chnh xc.
*Dng cu to chng r r
Vic s dng ren thng, mt bch v gn tm m kn gp phn lm gim rt

nhiu s r r bn ngoi t bit l vi cc m ch to sau ny. Hin nay, hu
ht cc mi ni lin kt s dng vng m kn ch O, loi ny t c xu hng r
r hn l loi tm m hoc l cc ren ng c lm cn. Nhng loi van c
gn pha lng cng c lm kn bng vng m ch O hn l cc tm m.
Cc ng pipe ni vo cc tm phng mt bch l c nh, vic s dng bng teflon
s lm gip cho mi lin kt chc chn hn, trnh c s r r.
Khi lp rp thm b phn phi chng ta s gim c nhiu hn kh nng r
r. B phn phi l mt khi phng c gn trong thit b thy lc, khi ny c
cc ng dn ni lin vi nhau gia cc van, do s loi b c nhiu ng
ng dn. Nu c ch gn mt b phn phi van trn thit b my, nhng mch
thy lc phc tp c n gin ha, vi t ng ni bn ngoi hn, ch cn
ng ng p sut tr v v cc ng ng n c cu tc ng.
*Cc iu kin vn hnh
Kim sot c cc iu kin vn hnh l iu rt quan trng i vi tui th

ca m kn. Mt m kn trc hoc m kn ca thanh y piston tip xc vi
mi trng khng kh s lm cho tui th b rt ngn mt cch ng k nu mi
trng hi m, mui, bi bn hoc cc cht nhim lm mi mn m kn. Nu
khng th bo v c m kn khi mi trng lm vic khng tha ng, th
l iu ng ngi cho cc thit b.
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 71 -
5.3 Khp ni thy lc.
Khp ni c ch to t gang do hoc thp rn, khng c php dng gang

xm. Chng c th c lm ren hoc l gn mt bch s dng vi ng ng
dn, chng cng c th gn bch hoc dng mi ghp loi p cng s dng vi
loi ng tube. Nhng loai khp ni s dng sc p c th c lm loe ming
hoc l loi cp chn vo. Do cc mi ni ca ng dn lm bng ren, nn chng
d b r r, v th nn trnh dng cc khp ni, nu c th trn hu ht cc thit b
hin i. Tuy nhin, nu phi s dng khp ni ren vi ng ng, cc ng ren
phi c ct ren vi ng, cc ng ren phi c lp rp vi hn hp bo v
lm kn mi ni v bo v cc ng ren khng b g st.
Cc khp ni mt bch c th c lm ren hoc l hn vi cc u ng. Cc
mt bch lp rp thng s dng loi m kn bng loi vt liu mm hn m
bo mi lin kt kn kht, khng b r r.
Di y l hnh nh ca mt s khp ni s dng trong my p thy lc
c thit k.
a)
b)
c)
Hnh 5.1 Mt s loi khp ni
5.4 Bin dng n hi trong h thng ca cc my p thy lc:
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 72 -
Khi my p thc hin cc nguyn cng cng ngh th trong my c tch t

mt lng nng lng bin dng n hi trong cc chi tit kim loi v cht lng.
Trong mt s trng hp, nng lng tch t trong h thng ca my p thy
lc (nng lng ny s mt i sau khi my thc hin hnh trnh cng tc) s gn
bng hoc l ln hn so vi cng c ch m my p thc hin. Ta cn xc nh
th tch cht lng, tr s ca hnh trnh ca piston v lng nng lng tch t
(lm bin dng cc chi tit kim loi v cht lng).
Trn hnh trnh by s tnh ton ca my p.
cng
ca
ngang
trn
di
c ly bng ln v cng. B qua gia tc

tng i trong cc hng vung gc vi
hng tc ng ca cc lc m cc lc ny
khng c ngha thc t, ta nhn c:
- Lng thay i thc t cylinder do c s tng
ng knh trong ca n di tc dng ca p
sut cht lng:
V1 =
v
nn
Hnh 5.2 S tnh ton my p
t =
tc
2E
t
E
D2L
D
; D = t D ;
D
E
V1 = D
D
L
2
- S tng th tch cylinder do b ko di theo chiu

trc ca n:
V 2=
v
Suy ra
pF 2 L
.
E Fc
L =
pF
L
=
L
EFc
pF
.L
EFc
- Th tch ph thm ca cht lng trong cylinder b cho lng p ca cn hoc

piston:
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 73 -
V3 =
pF 2 L
.
E Fc
Trong : D lng thay i (gia s) ng knh cylinder;

L gia s chiu di cylinder;
tc ng sut tip tuyn trn thnh bn trong ca cylinder;
E mun n hi ca thp;
D ng knh trong ca cylinder;
L chiu di cylinder cng tc;
p p sut cao ca cht lng cng tc;
F din tch bn trong ca cylinder cng tc;
L chiu di ca cn piston hoc piston;
Fc din tch tit din ca cn hoc piston
- Lng bin i tng cng ca th tch cc ng ng v cylinder, do c s
tng ng knh trong ca chng, c xc nh theo biu thc:
V4 =
2 c
t Vc + tT VT
E
trong : tT - l ng sut tip tuyn trong ng ng dn;

Vc v VT l th tch bn trong ca cc cylinder v ng ng
(vi chiu di Lm).
- Th tch ph thm ca cht lng trong cylinder b do lng dn di ca cc
ct:
V5 =
pF 2 Lk
.
E Fk
trong : Lk v Fk - l chiu di v din tch cc ct.

-Th tch b cho s nn ca cht lng trong ng ng v trong cylinder:
V6 =
p
(VT + V0 + Vx + V p )
El
trong : El mun n hi ca cht lng (trong cc iu kin thc t th trong

cylinder khng phi l cht lng nguyn cht, m l hn hp ca
cht lng v hi kh, mun n hi ca hn hp ny nh hn
nhiu so vi El);
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 74 -
V0 th tch c hi ca cylinder c ngha l th tch cht lng cng tc

trong cylinder khi x ngang di ng v tr tn cng;
Vx v Vp l th tch gy ra bi hnh trnh khng ti v hnh trnh cng
tc ca piston.
Th tch ca cht lng cng tc cn thit b cho lng bin dng ca cc phn
kim loi v cht lng:
L
pF 2 L Lk
p
2 T
c
(VT + V0 + Vx + V p )
Vb = ( t VT + t Vn ) +
( +
+ )+
E
E Fc Fk Fc.
El
Chiu di hnh trnh ca piston cn thit b cho s thay i th tch gy ra

bi s bin dng ca cc phn kim loi v cht lng:
Lb =
Vb
F
Th nng tch t trong h thng thy lc:

u=
p H Lb
; pH lc p nh mc ca my p
2
Chng 6: VN HNH V BO DNG H THNG

SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 75 -
6.1 Vn hnh h thng:
6.1.1 Yu cu v lp rp:
1. iu quan trng nht phi tun th khi lp rp cc h thng thy lc l cng tc
v sinh sch s. Nhng h hng nghim trng c th xy ra rt nhanh chng
trong h thng, nu c nhng vt liu bn ngoi xm nhp vo h thng.
2. Lun lun lm kn tt c nhng khe h ca bnh cha sau khi v sinh bnh cha.
Chu k v sinh thay du mi phi l mt phn trong thi kha biu bo dng h
thng.
3. Khi h thng thy lc c m ra, phi y hoc bt kn tt c cc cng ni
khng cho cht bn v khng kh m lt vo h thng. Phi lun lun gi chng
bt kn ngoi tr khi sa cha hoc lp rp.
4. Phi gi cc loi xng trng, cht ty ra trong nhng thng cha an ton.
5. S dng cc vi khng kh nn lm sch cc khp ni.
6. Kim tra cc khp ni ca ng pipe, ng tube, ng mm, chc chn rng khng
c s hin din ca cu bn, ba v, vy cn v khng b co tht, c kha, c
ngn. Cc loi ng mm v ng tube phi c chp kn bng np cc u
khi lu tr.
7. Doa li cc u ng pipe v ng tube trnh cc vt liu b chn qu nhiu s
lm hn ch dng chy hoc gy ra trng hp chy ri.
8. Khng s dng nhng khp ni p sut cao cc ng ng np bi v chng c
ng knh trong nh hn v c th lm hn ch dng chy.
9. Khng nn s dng hn in hoc ct gt ng ni h thng thy lc ang tho
rp sa cha.
10. Khng s dng bng teflon hoc nhng hn hp lm kn ng cc loi ren tr.
11. Khi s dng cc khp ni mm trn cc trc bm v ng c thy lc chng ta
phi thc hin nh sau:
a) iu chnh cc na khp ni st vi nhau, lun lun phi trong khong 0.20
inch (5.08mm).
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 76 -
b) Cho php c khe h khong 1/32 n 1/16 inch (0.79 n 1.59mm) gia cc
na khp ni, hoc thc hin theo s cho php ca nh ch to i vi cc
khe h.
c) Khng c ng cc khp ni vo trc. Cc khp ni phi lun lun c
lp trt hoc c lp p nng bng cch s dng du nng lp rp.
12. Bi m y vo cc rnh then, then trt lc lp rp tng tui th cho chi
tit.
13. Khi s dng cc khp ni vn nng kp lin kt, ch nn to ra gc quay theo
mt hng.
14. Khi lp rp cc chi tit trong h thng, phi ph mt lp du thy lc vo chi tit
tng s bi trn ban u, cho n khi h thng c chun b tt lm vic.
Nht hoc m bi trn l nhng cht d tan v c th c s dng d dng
gn cc chi tit vi nhau nu cn thit.
6.1.2 Qui trnh khi ng ban u:
Nhng loi bm v ng c thy lc c cu to khi ng tnh trng
khng ti. iu quan trng l chng c khi ng vi cc ca thot c
thng vi p sut kh tri loi b khng kh h thng thy lc. Mt khc
bm khng th mi v c th b h hng do thiu cht bi trn.
Khng bao gi khi ng cc bm cnh van khi:
Van b ng kn.
B tch tr ang c np.
Vng lm vic kn vi ng c thy lc.
Cc van iu khin hng thng thng l loai c mch nhnh, v vy bm c
th c khi ng mt cch dn gin bng cch nh tm cc li van. Nhng
nu du thy lc khng th tun hon c p sut, nn c mt van nh trong
ng ng p sut hoc mt khp ni trong ng ng v s m ra khi ng.
Phi cng thot c thng vi khng kh cho n khi dng thy lc chy ra
ngoi. S x kh t ng c th c thc hin bng cch lp mt van x kh, van
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 77 -
ny s m ra x khng kh nhng s ng li khi dng thy lc bt u chy

ra.
6.1.3 Cc im lu khi vn hnh bm :
Trnh vn hnh qu tc
Vn hnh bm tc qu cao th ma st gia cc b phn trong bm s

tng cao do kh nng bi trn gim. iu ny s lm cho my bm b h hng
sm. Vn hnh bm qu tc cng gy ra nguy c hng v thiu ht du
trong bm.
Trnh hin tng thiu ht du
Thiu ht du l tnh trng du khng np y vo mi nitng ng np

ca bm. Khi tnh trng ny xy ra, du thot ra khi bm s c bt kh. Du p
lc c cha bt kh s dn n nhng sai lch trong truyn ng.
Nguyn nhn ca tnh trng ny ngoi vic vn hnh bm qu tc cn c
th do mt s nguyn nhn khc nh: ng ng du b nght mt s v tr,
mc du trong bnh cha thp hn ca np hoc nht ca du qu cao.
C chn khng ng np ca bm
i vi a s cc my bm thy lc, chn khng ti a cho php ng np l

5 in.Hg. L tng l khng c chn khng ng np.
Nu c chn khng ng np s xy ra tnh trng thiu ht du. Tnh
trng ny s gy ra s n mn kim loi bn trong bm v tng kh nng bin cht
ca du thy lc. Ngoi ra tnh trng thiu ht du cn gy ra ting n. iu
nguy him l ting n ch c pht hin khi chn khng ng np l 10 in.Hg,
nhng lc ny th tc hi xy ra.
hn ch tnh trng thiu ht du cn dng cc ng dn du ln, chiu
di ngn nht (c th c), hn ch nhng ch gp khc, nn vn hnh bm
tc danh nh. C th l to ra p sut ng np ca bm bng cch t bnh
cha pha trn bm hoc dng bm ph cp du cho bm.
C th t ng h o chn khng kim tra chn khng ng np ca
bm.
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 78 -
6.2 Bo dng h thng:
Nhiu h thng thy lc c thit k khng xem xt n vn bo dng

mt ln trong qu trnh s dng. Thng thng yu cu ban u l gi thnh sn
phm nh nht, nh hng n vic u t bo dng cho h thng. Hu qu ca
cng vic trn l:
Cc b lc trong h thng s khng thch hp.
S khng phng tin kim tra gim st mc mi mn.
Van v cc thit b khc s khng t ng v tr thch hp.
Cng vic bo dng cn thit lm sch thng du trc khi chc chn rng
cc thit b c th c kim nghim v thay th.
6.2.1 H thng lc v sch:
Thng k cho thy rng 80% cc h hi trong h thng thy lc trc tip hay
khng trc tip u bt ngun t vic nhim du thy lc. Bng cch s dng
b lc ph hp c th lm gim c phn ln mc nhim du.
Chc chn rng cc b phn lc c gn vo h thng mt cch tng i v
kch thc ca n chuyn ton b lu lng cht lng m bm cung cp
trong iu kin khi ng lnh.
Kim tra thng cha du tht s kn cha v tt c nhng m kn lm vic
trong iu kin tt. Kim tra xem np thng hi ca thng du c sch khng, v
kch thc ph hp vi mc x l lu lng kh cn trao i hay khng.
Khi np du cho thng du hoc y np th dng mt b lc chuyn du
vo, khng nn dng bnh du trc tip vo nh bnh ti nc.
Thng du phi c gn vi kha x du c th chy ht mt cch tun
hon v lm sch cng vi b ht.
6.2.2 Gim st ch :
6.2.2.1 Thit b:
Ch hot ng ca bm, m t thy lc v cc van iu khin vi cc l
ngoi c th d on bng cch o lng dng r r trn cc ng ng dn. Cc
kha ng ng dn nn lp t c th d dng ngt dng r r khi c s c,
cc dng r r c thu gom v mt bnh o lng v tc dng r r ca cc
thit b phi c gim st.
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 79 -
6.2.2.2 Cht lng:

Gim st nhim cht lng thy lc c th c ch rt ln. Nhng kim tra
thng thng t ra l cn phi xc nh cp sch bo dng v cung cp
hng dn ng cho vic hot ng ca my. Thng cha, ng dn v nhng
dng c s dng lm mu nn cn thn lau sch.
6.2.2.3 Mi mn thit b:
Mi mn trong h thng thy lc l nguyn nhn chnh ca s nhim du.
N lm cho hiu sut lc v bo dng gim i ti mc thp. Mi mn xy ra
hin ti c th xc nh bng cch gim st s thay i lu lng dng r r v
bng cch phn tch thnh phn vt liu mi mn trong du.
Nhng nguyn nhn khc gy mi mn thit b l do s x dch ca bm v b
phn tc ng. Bng cch sit cht cc bu lng lng, ng ng lm vic v cc
van trt gy nn dao ng trong h thng. Nhng h hng vt l c th xy ra l
do kt qu ca s lm dng sai, v tr lp t sai v bo v khng tng xng vi
tng thit b b phn.
6.2.3 K hoch bo dng:
Cng vic vn hnh:
Kim tra trc quan nhng h hng hoc r r ng ng, khp ni v thit b.
Kim tra trc quan mc cht lng trong thng du v c tnh ca cht lng.
Kim tra p sut hot ng, b ch th ch ca b lc.
Kim tra s an ton ti ni lm vic.
Kim tra hot ng ca h thng v sn xut.
Bo dng theo chu k:
(hng tun, hng thng, ph thuc vo iu kin hot ng)

Kim tra n nh ca tt c cc thnh phn.
Kim tra ch s p sut ti lc kim tra trong h thng.
Kim tra mc ting n ca bm v nhit hot ng.
Kim tra ton b b phn tc ng (cylinder-piston) nh h hng, mc n,
nhit hot ng, vn tc u ra v lc.
Bo dng hng nm:
Lm sch thng du, kim tra c tnh ca du.

Lm sch thng du bn trong v bn ngoi, kim tra s r st.
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 80 -
Lm sch b lc.
Lm sch ng ng dn kh ca b phn lm mt.
Kim tra tt c ng mm, ng pipe v khp ni c h hng, mi mn hoc r r
hay khng. Thay th nh yu cu.
Kim tra m t in.
Kim tra nhng mi lin kt mm gia bm v m t.
Kim tra cc phn t lc, thay th cc thit b s dng c 12 thng.
Lm sch phu lc.
Kim tra s r r ca bm v m t bng cch vn hnh di ch bnh
thng v so snh vi mc r r m nh ch to khuyn co cho php. Nu
nh s r r qu mc th cn phi em n nh ch to i tu.
Kim tra s r r m kn gia cylinder v piston.
6.2.3 Mt s qui tc chung trong k thut bo dng h thng thy lc:
Trc khi vn hnh my cn phi kim tra nh hng ca cc phn n khp
hoc c cu my.
Cylinder phi c gi cht khng b ri di tc dng ca trng lc.
Ngt dng in cung cp v m bung iu khin.
Ngt bm v chc rng bm khng bt ng khi ng.
Ghp tt c phn cui ca ng pipe vi cng vo ca cc thit b gi khng
nhim ra ngoi.
Cc thit b c tho ra cn phi c nh du gim c cng on lp
rp.
S dng cn sit lc c nh cc thit b, trnh khng sit qu cng.
S dng ti a cng on bo dng khi ln u i i tu.
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 81 -
KT LUN V XUT KIN

A. Kt lun:
Cc my p thy lc cho php to ra cc lc ln v hnh trnh di ca u p

mt cch tng i d dng, to ra lc bt c im no ca hnh trnh, loi tr
qu ti; thc hin vic kim tra tr s ca lc to ra; gi chi tit di p sut;
iu chnh tng i n gin tc ca hnh trnh cng tc.
Qua vic tnh ton thit k v tham kho mt s ti liu v my p thy lc. Ti
rt ra mt s kt lun sau:
Mt s thng s c la chn theo kinh nghim, mt s chi tit c tiu

chun ha nh cylinder, piston, cc loi van, ng ng.
Kt cu my n gin.
Qu trnh vn hnh my n gin.
My phi c lau chi sch s m bo v sinh.
Nhc im: Khu v sinh my cn gp kh khn.
B. xut kin:
tng hiu qu s dng ca cc my p thy lc ta c th thc hin bng

cch chn la mt cch ti u cc thng s v kt cu tng ng.
La chn ti u cc thng s chnh bng cch s dng phng php tip cn
h thng kt hp vi phng php lp chng trnh ng. Phng php ny dng
to ra thit b dp thy lc c hiu qu cao, c xt n mi trng xung quanh
ca h thng, cc yu cu ca qu trnh cng ngh v cc chi tit ring ca trm
my p, ngoi ra phng php ny cn cho php a ra cc nhn nh v trin
vng pht trin ca ngnh ch to my p.
Di y trnh by xut kin ca ti sau khi hon thnh ti:
1. Xy dng h thng mch thy lc c th iu khin bng chng trnh s.

2. Thm vo mch thy lc b tch tr nhm lm gim nhng rung ng trong
h thng, lm cho h thng vn hnh m du hn. Ngoi ra s dng van treo
ti m bo an ton cho ngi s dng cng nh thun li cho qu
trnh gia cng chi tit.
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 82 -
3. Thit k mch thy lc s dng van c th iu chnh c p sut. T ta

c th iu chnh c lc tc ng ln chi tit v vn tc ca u p.
Theo cng thc F = p.A
Gi s A = const, th F c mi quan h bc nht vi p
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 83 -
TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Ti liu nc ngoi.
Power Hydraulics.
2. PTS.TS Phm Hng Thng
Gio trnh hng dn thit k n mn hc chi tit my.
NXBNN, Tp. HCM, 1995.
3. Nguyn Thnh Tr.
H thng thy lc trn my cng nghip.
NXB Nng, 2006.
4. Nguyn Trng Hip
Gio trnh mn hc chi tit my. (Tp 1,2).
NXBGD.
5. ng Vn Nghn, Thi Th Thu H. Cng ngh ch to chi tit my.
Trng HBK Tp. HCM, 1992.
6. PGS.TS Trn Vn ch, Th.S Nguyn Thanh Mai.
S tay gia cng c.
NXB KH & KT.
7. L Trung Thc, ng Vn Nghn.
Hng dn thit k n mn hc cng ngh ch to my.
Trng HBK Tp. HCM, 1992.
8. Nguyn c Lc, Ninh c Tn. S tay cng ngh ch to my (tp 1,2).
NXB KH & KT.
9. Nguyn Ngc Anh, Phan nh Thuyn, Nguyn Ngc Th, H Vn Vui.
S tay cng ngh ch to my tp 3.
NXB KH & KT, H Ni, 1979.
10. Nguyn Ngc o, H Vit Bnh, Trn Th Sn.
Ch ct gia cng c kh.
NXB Nng.
11. L Quang Minh Nguyn Vn Lng.
Sc bn vt liu tp 1.
NXB Gio Dc.
12. GS-TS Trn Hu Qu.
V K Thut 1,2.
NXB Gio Dc.
SVTH: L Thanh Tng
- 84 -

Thiet Ke May Ep Thuy Luc

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LI CM N

Ti xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c trong B mn Ch to my tn tnh

SVTH: L Thanh Tng

GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Hu Tht

: Thit k k thut my p thy lc ti trng 70 tn phc v cho nh

S ti liu tham kho:

PHIU NH GI CHT LNG LVTN

SVTH: L Thanh Tng

GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Hu Tht

: Thit k k thut my p thy lc ti trng 70 tn phc v cho nh

S ti liu tham kho:

NHN XT CA CN B PHN BIN

im phn bin ..................................................................................................................

Nha Trang, ngy.., thng ., nm 2007.

SVTH: L Thanh Tng

GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Hu Tht

Ngy nay, ngnh ch to my l ngnh khng th thiu trong s pht trin ca

Nha Trang, thng 12 nm 2007.

SVTH: L Thanh Tng

GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Hu Tht

TNG QUAN V MY P THY LC .........................................................9

PHN TCH V CHN PHNG N TI U ..........................................16

THIT K K THUT MY P ...................................................................20

SVTH: L Thanh Tng

GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Hu Tht

3.4.1.2 Cc thnh phn c bn ca cylinder piston........................................22

SVTH: L Thanh Tng

GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Hu Tht

QUI TRNH GIA CNG CHI TIT ...............................................................51

NHNG VN QUAN TRNG I VI MY P................................66

SVTH: L Thanh Tng

GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Hu Tht

5.3 Khp ni thy lc ........................................................................................72

VN HNH V BO DNG H THNG ................................................76

Chng 1: TNG QUAN

SVTH: L Thanh Tng

GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Hu Tht

1.1 Thc trng v xu hng s dng my p thy lc hin nay:

SVTH: L Thanh Tng

GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Hu Tht

1.2 Tnh cp thit ca ti tt nghip:

SVTH: L Thanh Tng

GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Hu Tht

to my p thy lc m ch yu l nhp khu t nc ngoi v ca cc hng sn

SVTH: L Thanh Tng

GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Hu Tht

Thit k my p thy lc c ti trng 70 tn bao gm cc phn sau:

Pascal th p sut p c truyn ti tt c cc im ca th tch cht lng v do c

SVTH: L Thanh Tng

GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Hu Tht

Hnh 1.2 S nguyn tc hot ng ca my p thy lc

Din tch f2 ln hn din tch f1 bao nhiu ln th lc P2 s ln hn lc P1 by

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GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Hu Tht

Hnh1.3 Phn loi cc my p thy lc theo chc nng cng ngh.

Thng s chnh ca my p thy lc l p nh mc PH l tch ca p sut

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GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Hu Tht

khc nhau nn ngi ta thng dng lc p nh mc PH l thng s ph bin

Chng 2: PHN TCH V CHN PHNG N TI U

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GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Hu Tht

Vi s cnh tranh trn th trng hin nay yu cu mi cng ty mun tn ti

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