Professional Documents
Culture Documents
[A Report based on three months internship at Modelama Exports Ltd., Gurgaon, Haryana]
Report Prepared by
Atul Dwivedi
Navneet Kumar Yadav
Vinay Prajapati
M.F.Tech, Sem-III
National Institute of Fashion Technology
Gandhinagar
INDEX
SR. NO.
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3
4
5
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7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
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17
18
19
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21
22
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29
30
TITLE
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
COMPANY PROFILE
ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
FACTORY LAYOUT
ABOUT THE COMPANY
MAJOR OVERSEAS CUSTOMERS
FLOW DIAGRAM OF WORKING IN AN EXPORT HOUSE
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
MERCHANDISING DEPARTMENT
SAMPLING DEPARTMENT
FABRIC SOURCING DEPARTMENT
FABRIC STORE
FLOW FOR ORDER PROCESSING
FABRIC INSPECTION
TESTING LAB
ACCESSORIES STORE
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
MACHINE MAINTAINANCE DEPARTMENT
CAD DEPARTMENT
WORK FLOW OF SPREADING & CUTTING
SPREADING DEPARTMENT
CUTTING DEPARTMENT
TICKETING, FUSING, CHECKING & BUNDLING
PRODUCTION, PLANNING & CONTROL DEPARTMENT
SEWING DEPARTMENT
WASHING DEPARTMENT
FINISHING DEPARTMENT
PACKAGING DEPARTMENT
DETAILS OF STYLE STUDIED DURING INTERNSHIP
PAGE NO.
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ii
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12
19
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37
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44
47
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PREFACE
This report is an account of hard work done and experience gained in the company having a
reputed stand in the international market and policy of keeping itself updated with the
changing times. This hard work is original in style and method & no pains have been spared
too make it as compact, perfect and reliable as possible. The report mainly deals in the
application of theoretical knowledge into a practical experience.
This report attempts to present our experience in Modelama Exports Ltd. Indias premier
export house. It gave us an opportunity to be a part of an esteemed organization and get
the first hand knowledge of working of various departments under various heads.
It covers the basic structure of an export house and working. It also includes various formats
that are used in firms to maintain the records. Overall, this report covers the individual
study of each department that a garment undergoes.
As such, this report is not sufficient to pen down what we have gained from this in plant
training. So, it should not be compared with the experience that is learned by working in an
expert house.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
At the very outset, we find ourselves fully engulfed in immense pleasure in expressing our
sincere and profound gratitude to Mr. Lalit Gulati (Owner Modelama Exports Ltd.) for
providing us an opportunity to do this momentous internship in this prestigious
organization.
Secondly, we will be failing if we do not express our heartfelt gratitude to Mr. S. S. Bedi
(Manager Personal Department & Administration), Mr. Arvind Rai (G.M Personal) for their
continuous support, and encouragement and valuable guidance in doing fruitful and
challenging project, which would be an unforgettable experience to us. Our overriding debt
continuous to be for Mr. Dushyant (G.M Fabric), Mr. Ilias (Cutting Manager) and his cutting
team & CAD team, Mr. Deepak Gupta (Head IE Department) for their support and help
during the Internship period.
We would like to extend our particulars thanks to Mr. Biraj Narula (G.M Production) for his
strong and continuous support all the way through our project.
Back at our institute we would like to express our sincere thanks to Mr. Pranav Vora
(Course Coordinator M.F.Tech) and Mr. Pavan Godiawala (Chair Person, MFT) all the staff
members of Department of Garment Manufacturing Technology for allocating us this
organization and helping us out in the best possible ways during the period of internship.
A special thanks to Mrs. Vasundhara Chaudhary (Course Coordinator, DFT) for her valuable
guidance during our Internship.
COMPANY PROFILE
COMPANY NAME
ADDRESS
TELEPHONE
FAX
0124-4008108
info@modelamaexports.com
WEBSITE
www.modelamaexports.com
YEAR ESTD.
1979
OWNER
DIRECTORS
ANNUAL TURNOVER
MARKET
100% EXPORT
5500
HEAD OFFICE
IN HOUSE/FABRICATION/BOTH BOTH
PRODUCTION CAPACITY
6 MILLION/YEAR
ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
MR LALIT GULATI
(Chairman)
MR SANJAY GULATI
(Managing Director)
MR GAGAN GULATI
(Director)
MR BIRAJ NARULA
(GM Production GF)
MR GAURAV GULATI
(Director)
MR ARVIND RAI
(GM P&A)
MS SHALU BAGGA
(Home Furnishings)
MR SAMEER SOOD
(GM production FF)
MR DINESH
(EDP)
MR JP SARAF
(Manager Accounts)
MR SUNNY KUMAR
(Production SF)
MR DUSHYANT
(Fabric Store)
MR RN SHARMA
(Manager EXIM)
MS SUMAN MALHOTRA
(Merchandising)
MR SANTOSH KUMAR
(Production U200 & U201)
MR PRAVEEN RAI
(Sampling)
FACTORY LAYOUT
1. BASEMENT
a. Fabric Testing Lab
b. Fabric Store
c. Accessories Store
d. General Store
e. Cutting/CAD/CAM
2. GROUND FLOOR
a. Reception
b. Conference Room
c. Personal Department
d. Human Resource
e. Production Floor
f. Finishing Department
g. Packing
h. Machine Maintenance Department
i. Washing Section
3. FIRST FLOOR
a. Production floor
b. Finishing
c. Packing
d. Quality control
4. SECOND FLOOR
a. Merchandising
b. Product development
c. R & D
d. Production plan & control
e. Sampling
f. Export documentation
g. EDP(Electronic Data Processing)
h. Accounts
i. Surplus fabric & accessory store
PRODUCT MIX
Modelama uses a wide array of fabrics to create distinct styles for its buyers. From naturals (cotton,
linen, silk, wool) to synthetics (viscose, polyester, polyamide) and their blends, various fabrics are
handled with the care they demand. Looking at the growing buyer demands and the fast pace at
which fashion moves today Modelama has developed a diverse and futuristic product mix.
OTHER FACILITIES
In house comprehensive washing facilities for all kinds of washing, like enzyme, bleach, caustic, acid
wash, ice wash. Sand blast/faded effect and AZO free overdyeing in house.
MAIN PRODUCTS
High fashion and basic garments covering all segments:
SPECIALISATION
Denim wear, prints, embroideries, cut works appliqu and other intricate trims and
embellishments; basically all form of value addition, novelty washes and quick turnaround time.
TYPES OF FABRIC
All types of Indian and imported woven fabrics viz. cotton viols, cambric, poplin, twill, corduroy,
dobbys/jacquards, canvas, denim, viscose/rayon, linen, nylon/polyester, madras plaids etc.
WORK FLOW
BUYER
PRODUCT DEVELOPER
MERCHANT
SAMPLING
FABRIC
TESTING
MARKER PLANNING
SPREADING
CUTTING
PRODUCTION
WASHING
FINISHING & PRESSING
PACKING & FINISHING
7
PRODUCT DEVEVELOPEMENT
This department is not buyer specific and work for all the buyers that company caters to. The major
role of department is to getting business for the company. Foundation of all other departments, it
assists in converting their ideas into reality.
First interaction of the buyers is with PD department, but in some cases PD is directly done by the
merchandising department, there is showroom for meeting as well as presentation for new
development/line adoption to buyer, Samples/mocks developed are just for style and design
purpose and measurement do not play a major role. If buyer select any of their style then further
development will be done by PD department, once order is been booked further follow up and
communicating regarding that style will be the responsibility of the concerned merchandiser.
CLASSIFICATION
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
INTERNAL DESIGNING
INSPIRATIONAL
EXTERNAL DESIGNING
TECH PACK
INTERNAL DESIGNING
Design development done in house. Product development is done on the following basis:
SALESMAN SAMPLE
GRADING
ORDER CONFIRMATION
EXTERNAL DESIGNING
LINE ADOPTION WITH BASIC DETAILS
APPROVAL/COMMENTS
APPROVAL/COMMENTS
APPROVAL
ORDER CONFIRMATION
10
IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGY
TYPES OF SAMPLES
Proto sample
Costing meeting sample
Catalogue sample
Salesman sample
Fit sample
AD sample/photo shoot sample
Sealer sample
Preproduction sample
Reference sample
Resample TOP sample
Pilot run sample
Size set sample
Testing sample
Named above are the different types
of samples used by different buyers.
Garment description
Style number
Date sent
Date required
Supplier name
Season or phase
Fabric sample
11
MERCHANDISING
Merchandising or merchandise means commodities or goods dealt in by merchant. A merchant is
the person who acts as a link between a buyer and vendor; he is the one who is central or integral
part of a garment industry.
Merchant is a trader, an exporter or importer of a garment he is basically a employee of a vendors
company who is being responsible to the buyer and coordinate the full manufacturing process of
garment right from getting the order, approving the design, ordering fabric, cutting, production and
up to the shipment of the order i.e., he is the whole sole of the company. Thus a merchant is a
fulcrum of the organization which involves coordinating and follows up against tight schedules. He
has to take care of quality, delivery on time and simultaneously the price of garment and due to
which the merchant is liable for some percentage in the company profile.
MERCHANDISING ACTIVITIES
Receive detailed information from buyer like style details, fabric type, quality and fibre
content, trim requirements and quality, colour details and various other details like washing,
printing, embroideries etc.
Make proto types, coordinate with research & development team, find fabric costing and
initial costing, send sample with price code and various other job works at sampling stage
etc.
Receive the PO and accepted L/C, amendments if any, confirm price, category, delivery
schedule and the required lead time etc.
Get the approval for samples and trims, prepare the time and action calendar, prepare the
fabric and trim indent.
Coordinate with R & D and I E for further detailed R & D reports; coordinate with PPC for
production planning, send order status to the buying office at every stage.
Call for the production meeting, prepare the production file and take care of budget at each
stage.
Another important task for merchandiser is lot approval so therefore from every roll and lot swatch
is taken firstly, it is observed in-house and then dispatched to buying house for approvals and after
approvals cutting go head will be given to the factory.
Denim approvals are taken in blanket pattern and approved samples will be used in packaging
Merchandiser has to do the entire above task for each style but before starting, merchant has to do
costing and plan the whole process from fabric ordering till ship cancel date and it is called as Time
and action calendar (T&A Calendar).
12
Before starting the costing for a style merchandiser should consider the following:
Fabric consumption
Labour Expenses (Calculated with the
help of SMV)
Thread Consumption
Trims and Accessories cost
Margin
Exchange Rate
Finishing
Packaging
CMP (Cut Make Pack)
Merchandiser prepares two T & A Calendar, one external for buyer and supplier which is compactly
prepared to get approvals from buyer and to receive ordered fabric and trims/accessories to get
on-time deliveries, from suppliers in house and other T & A is for Internal working for prompt
working for style.
Simultaneously merchandiser works with shipping department for banking vessel and other
mediums for transporting shipment till vessel and export documentation for preparing necessary
document for custom clearance and payments and also for importing fabrics and accessory. At
same time Account Department assist for payments.
13
BUDGETING
WITH BUYER
INTERNAL
MATERIALINDENT
(TRIMS DETAILS)
RE SAMPLE/PROTO
TYPE APPROVAL
FABRIC PROGRAM
(FABRIC DETAILS)
FPT APPROVAL
PP SAMPLE
GPT SAMPLE
LOT APPROVAL
Contents
INSPECTION
NoSHIPMENT
table of contents
entries
AND
FINAL
SHIPPING
found.
14
OC GENERATION
OC stands for ORDER CONFIRMATION, is an internal document and should be generated by
concerned merchandiser against PO within 24-48 hrs of order confirmation from buyer. It is
information as well as an alarm to all departments that company has received an order.
OC includes the following information:
Delivery Date
Fabric with tentative consumption
PURCHASE ORDER
PO is an external document which is issued by buyer in the name of Modelama Exports; it is an
evidence as well as support of order confirmed in the favour of company.
15
Delivery Date
FOB
Ship cancel date
Destination
Ship mode
Terms of sale
Currency
L/C
Quantity
Size Break up/colour Break up
MATERIAL INDENT
It is an internal document issued to Accessory Department, for sourcing the required accessory and
trims for style.
INTERNAL BUDGET
It is the internal document of the company which is a deviation between the actual costing given to
the buyer and companys costing.
POs,
DCPOs and
CDs (for price tickets and shipment tickets)
Buyer directly sends PO on this software and it is further followed by the merchandisers
accordingly. Until company receives any written mail from buyer no action will be taken by
merchandisers.
16
PAYMENT TO VENDERS
It is a policy of the company that all the venders such as fabric/trim suppliers, embroidery job
workers, handwork contractors, finishing job workers would be done after shipping of a particular
order and the payment would be done only of the actual shipment quality.
COSTING
The most important function of the merchandising department is to calculate the total cost of
garment. It is the job of the merchandiser to estimate the initial cost correctly and also negotiate
the cost of production with the buyer before he sends his PO. The costing should be such that it
suits the buyer and also the export house. At the pre-production stage initial costing is done so as
to get an idea of the cost likely to be incurred. This cost includes raw material cost; manufacturing
cost, washing cost, make up cost, overhead expenses and the margin of the company. After the
buyer has placed his order and production sample is approved then the final costing is done. The
final costing uses fabric average from CAD, cost of fabric & trims etc.
A cost sheet includes:
Buyers name
Style
Garment
Quantity
Budget
Fabric description
Finishing
Shrinkage
Freight
Wastage
Average consumption
Total fabric consumption
Poly bags
Stitching threads
Embroidery threads
Beads, sequins, elastic, mobilon tape
etc.
Main label
Wash care label
Price ticket
Tags
Cartons
17
Fabric cost
Accessories cost
CM (cost of manufacturing)
Dyeing
Embroidery
Fabrication
Finishing
Packaging
Beads, sequins
Cost of company:
Margin
Overheads
Quota
Shipping cost
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SAMPLING
A sample is a proto type of a product to be manufactured in future course of production. It is also
called mock-up of a product and is made to check the design effectiveness and fit of the garment.
Sampling is a set of procedure follow to produce various sample style. It contains activities like
making of pattern for proto type according to measurement of produce sample with the help of
machinery and getting buyers approval for the sample produce.
In an export house, the sampling department laced a vital role in the up-lifting of a unit. This
department directly coordinates with the merchandising dept. and production dept. sampling is
done to see how the product will look like when produce in bulk and to check discrepancies in the
pattern are. Patterns are made according to the buyer specification.
STEPS OF SAMPLING:
PP SAMPLE MADE
19
M/C TYPE
MANUFACTURER
TOTAL
S.N.L.S
TYPICAL
15
14
15
56
S.N.L.S
KING SPL
13
S.N.L.S
BROTHER
11
14
S.N.L.S
KATT SPL
D.N.L.S
HIGHLEAD
D.N.L.S
PEGASUS
O/L 3
TOYOTA
O/L 3
TYPICAL
O/L 5
BROTHER
10
O/L 5
TYPICAL
11
KANSAI
12
3 NEEDLE C.S
13
BARTACK
14
F.O.A
15
EMBROIDERY
FRIEND
16
SPL M/C
GOLDEN WHEEL
17
SPL M/C
TREASURE
18
MAINTAINENCE
TOTAL
26
25
27
21
16
115
BROTHER
20
FUNCTIONS
Two main functions of sampling department are:
1. To cater the buyer
2. New development
1. TO CATER THE BUYER
In this method first a Tack-Pack or a GSS (Garment specification sheet) is given by the buyer and
then on the basis of this GSS patterns are made by the pattern master. With the help of these
patterns fabric average is calculated and then by adding other cost also costing is send to the buyer.
On the basis of this costing buyer places an order. Once the order is placed the sampling
department starts producing samples. These samples are then sending to the buyer through
merchandiser for his approval as per the sequence shown in the above flow chart.
2. NEW DEVELOPMENT
In this method a new design is developed by the designer of the company. Before developing a new
design forecasting is done. By this forecasting we come to know that which colour, embroidery,
type of fabric, silhouette, texture etc. will be like by the fabric in upcoming season. This design is
also according to the country and season. This new design is then send to the buyer and if buyer
likes the design, he may place an order of the same design or with some modification in the new
design. Once the order is placed by the buyer, the sampling department starts producing samples.
These samples are sending to the buyer in a particular sequence as shown in the above flow chart.
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FABRIC SOURCING
Sourcing deals with getting information about material from different sources and then selecting
the best material which suits over budget and buyers specification.
Fabric sourcing means souring the right kind of fabric which fulfils the buyers specifications. Fabric
sourcing department is quite important as more than 90% of garment is fabric and approximately
70% cost of garment is due to the fabric.
Selecting the right quality of fabric as per the buyers specification otherwise it may lead to
cancellation or rejection of the whole order given by the buyer. The fabric sourcing department
gets the fabric sample from the vendors. These samples are tested before sending to buyer for
approval. After the buyer approves the sample, the fabric is ordered for bulk production.
TYPES OF FABRIC
1. KNITTED FABRIC
2. WOVEN FABRIC
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Fabric description
Accessories
Plan Cut Date
Delivery Date
FIRST WORKING
FINAL AVERAGE
FABRIC PROGRAM
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Processors name
Date of PO
Delivery Date
Fabric description
Logistic
Rate
JPO no.
JPO also gives information about the process to be done on the fabric like embroidery, dyeing,
printing etc.
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FABRIC STORE
Fabric storehouse is the actual area where the fabric for production is receive or dispatched for
processing. Beside storage the fabric store department is also responsible for the inspection of the
goods receive by it.
SOLID/YARN
DYED/PRINTED
GRIEGE FABRIC
KEPT IN STORE
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STORAGE
Rack system of storage is followed i.e. fabric packages are stored in the racks in two areas:
1. Checked fabric
2. Unchecked fabric
They are further segregated on the basis of style no. and lot wise. The fabric is put in rack with the
help of Fork Lift and pallets. Such a systematic maintenance of the store makes it easy to make the
fabric whenever needed in future.
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SEND FOR
REDYEING,
WASHING
ETC
YES
LAB TESTING
NO
YES
RE-ORDER
APPROVED
FABRIC INSPECTION
The fabric being the main contributor to the development of our final product i.e. the garment, it is
very important to control its quality indicated by the no. of faults and variations present in it.
Identification of these objectionable variations and faults right at the initial stage helps to reduce
the production time. So once the fabric is in housed it is immediately sent on a pilot and trolley
assembly to the inspection area.
INSPECTION
GREIGE FABRIC INSPECTION
0-3 = 1 PTS
3-6 = 2 PTS
6-9 = 4 PTS
CUT/HOLES
0-1 = 1 PTS
1-1.5= 2 PTS
1.5> = 4 PTS
WARP WISE PATTA
MINOR = 2 PTS
MAJOR = 4 PTS
WEFT WISE PATTA
MINOR = 2 PTS
MAJOR = 4 PTS
LENGTH WISE VARIATION
0-2 > PALLA = 2 PTS
3 > PALLA = 4 PTS
CENTRE SELVEDGE
MINOR > = A/B
(If different colour visible in 1 sq m) MAJOR < = D
PILLING
if pilling is on one side of plain weave, reverse side
can be treated as face, not in the case of dobby,
jacquard, twill etc.
STREAK MARKS
From selvedge to 2 then we have to plan the
marker accordingly, otherwise it will be in D
category
Oil stains
Weaving defects
Dead cotton
Patchy
Bowing
Skewness
28
Every defect encountered is marked with an arrow sticker. A fabric checking report is filled which
gives the details about the defects found. After the checking is done the fabric is repacked in large
poly bags and graded according to the standards set by the company. The grades are as follows-
A CLASS
No defects, fabric can be used.
B/ MENDED CLASS Defects are present but under acceptance level, can be mended
to first class by subsequent processing, fabric to be cut with care.
C CLASS
Fabric to be negotiated with supplier.
D CLASS
Rejected, defects are present beyond acceptance level, fabric to
be not used.
NOTE:
1. Lots will be prepared.
2. Checking as per the norms of buyer.
3. In case there is C and D category in passed lot, will rechecked again and rechecking report
need to be made.
4. Lab report along with fabric checking report will be given to fabric merchant as well as
merchandiser.
5. No fabric issue to cutting without QA sign.
6. Knit fabric check in Kilograms.
7. Formula used = 3600 * Defects points
Length * Width
DOCUMENTATION
Fabric store has huge documentation work as well. Bar coding has lent a helping hand and eased
the task of record keeping. Nevertheless, following records are also manually maintained:
1. Stock register for information about the stock present in the store at a given rate.
2. Receiving register for information like fabric receive from where, when and in how much
quantity.
3. Issuing register for information regarding the fabric issued to the dyeing mills.
4. Checking register for information about the rolls inspected, GSM, tube width, faults and no.
of rolls approved and passed.
29
5. GSM recorded register for GSM of all the fabric rolls is stored in the house along with the
swatches.
6. Fabrics checking report, which states the type and no. of defects and weather the roll is
rejected or pass.
7. Pending checking status report maintained on daily basis for information regarding the rolls
that are pending for checking.
TESTING LAB
Garments are made from fabric with the help of sewing threads and a no. of accessories like
button; laces, ribbons etc. are sewn on them. All these things used to construct a garment have
uncertain characteristics i.e. how they will behave in conditions like washing, sunlight, heat etc.
when used by the customer. Any undesirable changes in the fabric, thread or the trims would
detract the aesthetic value of the garment and decrease its utility before time. Thus it became
necessary to check or test the characteristics of all these components under conditions to which
they are susceptible to change or get damaged. Fabric and trims are tested for their quality,
durability, colour fastness, dimensional stability and physical know how. Goods are produced from
the suppliers only when the lab tests results confirm that they comply with the standards or
requirements of the buyers.
The buyers are also specific about the test method that has to be followed. AATCCC and ASTM are
two American standards that are used in the lab. AATCC (American Association of Textile Chemists
and Colourists) standards are given primarily for all colour fastness and dimensional stability. ASTM
(American Standard for Testing Materials) covers all the physical tests.
ISO (International Standard Organization) is a European standard, which covers the colour fastness
tests and the dimensional stability tests.
Modelama has its own in-house fabric testing laboratory equipped with all sophisticated
instruments as per AATCC and ISO standards where tests on fabric, garment and trims are
conducted. There are separate dry, wet and chemical testing areas in the lab along with a dark
room for colour matching.
30
its standard acceptance levels in testing. He may require testing to be done at a specified testing
laboratory or one nominated by the buyer itself.
Once the fabric is received for testing, it is allowed to relaxed, condition and acclimatizes to the
standard temperature and humidity maintained in the laboratory for at least 2-4 hrs. a variety of
test are conducted on the condition samples but some of the tests like that of washing, crocking,
rubbing, dimensional stability, count, fabric construction, GSM, content etc. are necessarily carried
out for every fabric/garment. Following is a list of test carried out in the lab:
COLOR FASTNESS TO
PHYSICAL TEST TO
CHEMICAL TESTS TO
31
AREA
EQUIPMENT
PICK GLASS/COUNTING GLASS
GSM CUTTER
DRY AREA
ELECTRIC BALANCE
PILLING TESTER
CROCK METER (Manual &
Computerized)
TENSILE STRENGTH TESTER
CHEMIC
AL AREA
WET
AREA
PURPOSE
Constructional parameters like
CPI,WPI
To cut a standard size sample fabric
for GSM
To weighing and determining count,
GSM etc.
Predict pilling behaviour
Colour fastness to rubbing
Measure tensile strength of the knit
fabric
Measure tearing strength of the knit
fabric
Colour matching and recipe
formulation
General wash
Colour fastness to washing and dry
cleaning
Drying
Measure pH of chemical solutions
prepared
32
The GSM is finding out by using a digital weighing machine on which the fabric sample cut
by the GSM cutter is kept and the value displayed. The GSM is calculated using the following
conversion:
GSM = VALUE * 100
3. BEASLEY BALANCE
The instrument is used to calculate the DIRECT COUNT (count, the no. that determines the
fineness and coarseness of the yarn).
Working principle: is based upon FIXED WEIGHT SYSTEM. In which there is a rider having
fixed weight of 0.04 grams.
Work instruction:
Take the fabric sample of length 10 cm. in both the direction i.e., warp as well as
weft.
Take out the threads with the help of the needle.
Weigh the no. of threads and when get balanced, this gives the direct count.
4. PICK GLASS
The EPI and PPI constitute the fabric construction. It is find out manually by using a pick
glass or by cutting a 1 * 1 sample and counting its yarn n the warp and weft direction.
33
1 oz = 28.3495231 grams
1 yd2 = 0.8361274 m2
7. CROCKING FASTNESS
This test is done to find out the resistance of colour against rubbing.
Work instruction:
Take the fabric sample having dimensions 20 cm*5 cm.
Place the sample on the plate of the machine and fix it with help of lots and screws.
34
Take the white bleached test cloth as per the standards specification.
Put this test cloth on the bulb of the machine for testing.
Give 10 rounds in to and fro motion with the help of rotator.
Take out the test cloth and grading is done with the help of gray scale.
Similarly, the wet rubbing fastness can be calculated by wetting of the test cloth.
Table crocking fastness
5.0 = Excellent (No colour)
4.0 = Good (Light)
3.0 = Moderate (Medium)
2.0 = Poor (Dark)
1.0 = Very poor (Full colour)
35
36
ACCESSORIES STORE
Accessories store as the name suggests is a department, which acts as a storehouse for accessories.
It is the place where all the accessories required in an export house, are stored. Right from sewing
threads, needles to packaging material like poly bags and taps etc. all are stored in the accessories
store.
The merchandiser as per buyer specifications orders the purchase dept. to buy the accessories that
are used in a particular style of that buyer. Merchandiser prepares a swatch card containing all the
accessories and their quantity required in a cycle. These accessories used in the swatch card are as
per the quality and colour mentioned and approve by the buyer. The purchase dept. with the help
of swatch card prepared by the merchandiser purchases the required quantity of accessories. The
accessories are purchased 10-15% extra then the required, as the wastage in case of accessories is
more. The receiving dept. then receives these accessories from the vendors and then checking and
testing of these accessories are done. They are checked for quality and colour. The accessories like
buttons are tested with the help of button snap tester. After all the accessories are checked and
tested as per buyers specifications then an accessories approval card is prepared.
After the accessories are received they are stored in the accessory store. The accessories are stored
in different racks. The accessories of a single buyer are stored in one rack but the different
accessories are stored separately from each other in the same rack. The accessories store also
houses the stationary required in the export house.
Now, whenever the production starts the accessories required in production are issued to the
production dept. through an internal channel. A stock register is used for maintaining records. Thus
an accessory store function as a store house for accessories where all the accessories are
assembled and kept and also issued to the sampling and production dept. for the garment
manufacture.
37
38
39
To check that product is production feasible or not before sending final approval to buyer.
Line balancing.
Calculating thread consumption.
Time study.
Creating operation breakdown.
Find out SMV.
No. of machine.
Helpers required.
Sketching layouts for production.
To find out the efficiency of the individual operator and line.
Calculating daily efficiency of the unit.
Co-ordination with PPC for improving the efficiency.
Fix the target production.
Decide the type of machine and work aids attachment required for particular operation.
Machine breakdown.
To monitor hourly production.
Hourly line tracking status.
Any garment or order received through specimen or GSS is send to R & D department. The garment
or GSS is then analysing by the expert team to see the viability of the order and also to advice ways
of executing the order. An operation bulletin is prepared on the basis of which SMV is calculated by
using GSD (Garment Sewing Data).
GSD (Garment Sewing Data)
GSD is software which was first developed and installed in 1976. It is developed by UK based
company to find out the SMV. It is based on PMTS (Predetermined Motion Time System) which
40
divide/break into elemental parts equated to 45 codes in software according to operation i.e. Time
Value.
1 min. = 2000 TMV
1 sec = 27 TMV
Parameters of GSD
L = Length
GT = Guide and Tension
P = Precision Stop
Manual operation
Machine operation
GSD provides:
Predetermined Motion Time System (PMTS) to a variety of industrial and electrical sectors.
Regular contact and assistance with system application.
Regular system upgrade.
41
Merchandising Department
Calculate SMV
PPC Department
.
Production Cost
Technical Analysis before Fit Stage Suggest Amendments (Stamp)
Production Planning
Merchandising Department
Department
Incorporate in Sampling
Tool Room
Merchandising Department
Thread Order
Tool Room
42
IE Department
Achieve Targets
Industrial engineering department working is divided floor wise. All the floors of the 105,106 have
individual IE person sitting on the each floors. Working of the IE department is to follow up the OB
(operational bulletin) and setting up of the line according to the OB. IE department creates the OB
with the use of the GSD (general sewing data).
43
MACHINE MAINTENANCE
Apart from having quality system and the best practices, machine maintenance is also a very
important area to get quality products. Unacceptable quality of products often results from illmaintained machine. Breakdown and preventive maintenance is primarily aimed toward reduced
downtime and increase life respectively proper machine maintenance is also necessary to avoid
causalities at the floor. The function of PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE includes:
The fabric used the percentage of needle time, the speed of machine and operator handling are the
factors, which determine how often the machine requires cleanings. On the floor, the maintenance
shop has a maintenance card for each machine, listing the data a mechanic serviced the machine,
who serviced it, what was done to it and why. A series of similar repairs occurring sooner than
normal would signal maintenance that something is radically wrong with the machine or that the
machine is being misused by the operator and the matter is checked out immediately. The general
procedure for preventive maintenance of sewing machines involves the following steps:
Clean the PC Board with soft brush. Do not clean with blow air or use suction device.
Clean the synchronizer properly.
Keep the sewing table clean.
Do not allow anyone to put the sticker on the table.
The maintenance schedule is carried out floor wise. Every production floor is provided with a
team of two mechanics, one assistance and one helper, which take care of the day to day
maintenance, break downs and settings of the machine. Whenever there is a breakdown of the
machine on the floor it is immediately shifted to the maintenance department and the same is
replaced with new machine from the stock so that production is not disrupted. Oil checking is
done on weekly basis and changing of the oil and servicing of the machines is done every three
months.
44
A workshop in this department caters to the need of new making new folders, guides and
modifying other attachments as developed by the R & D department for better production. It is
also the operation theatre for the machines.
Machine maintenance also carries the purchase and receiving activities. Its purchase action has
track of every inventory including a needle present in the factory stock and procures new
inventory whenever needed. Stock register is maintained with discipline.
M/C TYPES
C.
M
105/
G
105/
F
105/
S
105/
T
20
0
20
1
20
4
66
0
M/5/
4
M7/1
8
TOTA
L
S/N REGULAR
217
250
176
169
65
688
89
2029
13
17
98
38
28
20
23
2
25
14
1
40
68
16
363
18
67
99
S/N U.B.T
22
95
98
49
13
75
40
388
23
908
21
18
38
10
5
10
27
25
16
175
10
58
78
13
55
22
18
266
29
53
OVERLOCK
16
36
49
17
94
23
52
36
290
54
667
BUTTON STITCH
14
34
10
BUTTON HOLE
11
26
11
BARTACKING
15
35
12
EYELET
15
13
PNUEMATIC SNAP
BUTTON
21
14
THREAD
TRIMMING
OTHER+SPECIALISE
D
TOTAL
21
26
26
79
134
24
32
27
23
17
129
81
483
291
498
657
344
431
25
8
37
1
39
7
1709
296
5253
15
Top feed
Drop feed
Variable feed
Differential feed
Puller feed
Compound feed
Reverse feed
45
Flat bed
Cylinder bed
Post bed
Feed of the arm
Edge foot
Zipper foot
Imitation folder
Plait folder
Plait hammer
Plait binder
Top stitch attachment
Cuff setter
Waist band folder
Piping binder
Edge binder
Pin tuck attachment
Button hole/button stitch spacing
gauge
T-guide
Sewing guide
Magnetic guide
Three corner guide
Bearing elastic holder
Right tape stands
Top tape stands
Bottom tape stands
Right compensating pressure foot
Left compensating pressure foot
Right/left slim compensating foot
Double compensating pressure
foot
Quilting foot
Teflon foot
46
CAD DEPARTMENT
CAD stands for Computer Aided Design. It is one of the most important departments of
export house. This department acts as a Service Department for merchandising, sampling
and cutting department. The working of these three department is highly depends upon
CAD department. Without CAD it is very difficult for these departments to move ahead.
CAD system involves any type of design activities which use of computer to develop analyse
or modify any engineering or garment design.
PATTERN MAKING
DIGITIZING
STYLE/PATTERN
DESCRIPTION
ALTERATION OR
GRADING
CUT ORDER PLANNING
MARKER MAKING
47
Basic software which is used for computer aided designing in Modelama is as follows:
1. Modaris
2. Diamino
3. Optiplan
1. Modaris
This software performs the following functions:
Pattern making
Pattern modification
Pattern digitizing
Pattern grading
With the help of this software we can export and import pattern to another place in soft
copy.
2. Diamino
This software is used for marker making. It can be manual or automatic. Efficiency of
marker as decided as per the garment in this seam allowances are also added.
Functions per formed by this software are as follows:
All markers making with minimum wastage.
Solution of problems created due to centre selvedge, length variation and
side selvedge with best efficiency.
3. Optiplan
This software is used when buyer send uneven ratio. Functions performed by
optiplan are:
All the cutting planning of size ratio is done by the software.
Main equipment used in CAD:
Pattern pieces
Digitizer
Software
Plotter:
o FLY PEN
o ALYS-30
48
REQUIREMENT OF CAD
For Merchandising Department:
Costing- CAD gives the costing to merchandising dept. means it gives the average
fabric consumed per garment. It is calculating by placing the pattern pieces of two
medium size garments in the fabric. Costing depends upon type of fabric and buyer
requirement.
Fabric order booking- After calculating the average fabric consumed per garment,
calculation for the total fabric required is done accordingly. To the no. of garments
to be manufactured. After this calculation order is placed.
Tracing pattern for buyer- CAD provides a tracing paper to merchandising dept.
which is further delivered to the buyer.
Pattern digitizing- In CAD, the pattern pieces are digitizing and a record of these
pattern is maintained for further correspondence.
Alterations- If any alteration is required in the sample, according to the buyer, then
it is done in CAD.
Grading- In CAD, different sizes such as XS, S, L and XL are made from medium size
by increasing or decreasing the garment dimension in equal proportion to make a
sampling size-set.
APPLICATION OF CAD:
49
As the operator starts making the marker he/she can be supplied with a computed
ratio of cloth wasted.
MARKER MAKING
A marker is a diagram of precise arrangement of pattern pieces for the sizes of specific style
that are to be cut from a single spread.
Marker making is a process of developing a jigsaw diagram which is superimposed on the
top of a ground of a superimposed plies as a guide for cutting these plies.
It determines the most efficient layout of pattern pieces for a specific style fabric and
distribution sizes.
Cut order planning determines:
PATTERN ENGINEERING
An examination of the seams location to ensure the possible placement of pattern in
marker
HEMS ALTERATION ALLOWANCES
Means dividing a large panel awkwardly shaped pattern into two pieces to better
accommodate in the marker
THE SELECTION OF FABRIC WIDTH
The best width depends among other factor on the cost of various fabric
width/square meter, the typical number of sizes in a marker, the potential pattern
engineering changes at various width and the marker efficiency achieve.
50
SPREADING
LAYERING
CUTTING
MANUAL/AUTOMATIC
TICKETING
FUSING
CHECKING
BUNDLING
TRANSFER TO PRODUCTION
51
SPREADING
Spreading is the process of smooth layering of fabrics in superimposed layers of specified
length. After fabric is received it is issued to spreading department for further processing.
Spreading is done with the type of fabric, print of fabric and marker issued by the CAD dept.
PROCESS FLOW OF SPREADING:
52
53
CUTTING
Cutting means to separate out different garment process from the lay of fabric with the help
of cutting template and devices. It is done to get required shape in different no. or as a
whole to make a complete product. The first stage in the manufacture of garments is the
cutting of material into the necessary pattern shapes. These patterns are then joined to
form a garment when large amount of garment style has to be cut, a lay is created, which
consist of many plies of fabric spread one above the other. Now all the pattern pieces for all
sizes are cut from this lay. The main objective of the cutting dept. is the cutting of garment
parts accurately and economically and in sufficient value to keep the sewing room supplied
with work.
Objectives:
5 fusing machine
16 straight knife
6 edge cutters
2 computer aided machines
4 spreader
1 round knife
54
Along with this an approved sample and patterns of all sizes or the marker are also sent. The
cutting department checks the fabric status in the store and acquires it whenever the
production manager sends the cut order. Firstly 2-3 samples are cut from the pattern
(medium size) send by the CAD room to check for any amendments in pattern. These
activities are coordinate by the R&D dept. When the patterns are amended the production
manager gets a size set cut and these pieces are stitches and QC on the floor locates any
discrepancies related to pattern in the stitched and the QC on the floor locates any
discrepancies related to pattern in the stitched garments. Report with comments for
alternation in the patterns is sent if needed and the pattern master allocated to that style
corrects the patterns accordingly. The marker planning is also done afresh to incorporate
the changes. Only when the production manager is sure of the waist pattern, he will issue
the job order for bulk cutting.
All the fabric is not cut at one go. Rather it is cut as and when required by the production
department against the job order. The cutting department calculates the fabric quantity
required the no. of pieces mentioned in job card using the average given by the CAD dept.
about 5% is cut more than required to make up for defective pieces or wastage for
production.
CUTTING AVERAGE
The cutting department duties are not limited to mare cutting of the fabric. It is responsible
for keeping control over the total consumption (grams) of fabric per garment piece cut this
consumption is more specifically defined in terms of cutting average. During marker
planning, the CAD rule sends theoretical consumption of fabric as per its marker, which is
calculated as following:
Cutting average = Area of one piece in the marker (cm square) * GSM of the fabric
10,000
Where
Area of one piece = length of the fabric
Total no. of pieces in the marker
Cutting average is used to determine the cost of raw material that is fabric for each
garment. Hence it is very important that it is maintained during the bulk cutting also. The
cutting manager finds out his actual cutting average before the bulk cutting and tries to
keep it as close as possible to the average predicted by the CAD.
55
4. Fusing area
5. QA department
TICKETING
Once the pattern pieces are cut by the cutting machine, they are then ticketed. Cut
components are grouped together as per their sizes and are taken to the checking table.
Here the cut components are inspected for any error. It is very important to take care that
pieces cut from two different bolts of fabric are not mixed up. This is because within a lot
there bolt to bolt variation in colour shade.
FUSING
Fusing is also carried out in the cutting room itself. The parts to be fused are separated from
the bundle. The fusing material (like interlining) is cut according to the size of the
components to be fused. The component along with the cut fusing material are kept
between to paper sheets and the pack is passed through the fusing machine by means of
temperature and pressure fusing takes place at particular speed and for a particular time.
The pack comes out at the other end on conveyors and the pieces are removed and rebundled.
Parameters affecting the fusing process:
Pressure- Pressure applied to the fabric should be adequate so that even contact
between the interlining and outer cloth takes place and uniform heat is supplied to
the adhesive. Pressure should be adequate for the correct penetration of resin
among the fibres of fabric.
Temperature-It is another important parameter. It depends upon the type of resin
used in fusing process. It should be high enough to change the dry thermoplastic
resin into a molten state so that it can flow properly between the fabrics. If
temperature is low it gives proper flow of resin and if it is high it gives too much flow
of resin and the resin will come out.
Time- Time should also be adequate along with temperature and pressure. It should
be long enough so that melting and penetration of resin among the fibres of fabric
can takes place.
Woven fusing
Non-woven fusing
Knitted fusing
56
CHECKING
The ticked panels are now sending to the checking area for inspection of every individual
piece for any objectionable faults. Panels having faults like wrong grain line, in appropriate
size, incorrect shape and any fabric defects like holes, cuts, shade variation etc. that are not
within the acceptable quality parameters, are removed from the cut lay. A cutting
component checking report is filled for the total quantity cut, checked and approved. The
rejected pieces are sent back and equal no. of fresh panels are separately cut, replaced in
the set and ticketed with the same no. as the rejected ones. Other mend able faults are
marked with an alteration sticker and passed on. These will be spotted out during garment
finishing or washing.
BUNDLING
The checked components of one style and in one size are now clubbed and bundled using
ties. The size of bundle depends upon the requirements of the production plant. Each
bundle will contain pieces of same style and same size only. These pieces are stored in racks
made beneath the cutting table. The cutting department issues the amount required by the
production dept. as and when ask for. The cut component may be issued in instalment or all
at once as the need of the production dept. against the job order.
57
ROLE OF PPC
1. Feasibility study- Based upon
a. Type of machine
b. No. of machine
c. No. of process involved
d. Fabric type
e. Order quantity
2. Capacity study- Based upon
a. Availability study
b. Planned hours
c. Machinery capacity
d. Expect absenteeism and turn over
e. Planned efficiency
3. Budget planning- Based upon
a. Committed delivery date
b. Order quantity
4. Line planning- Based upon
a. SMV of the style
b. Efficiency of the operator
c. Efficiency of the line
d. No. of lines in the unit
5. Unit efficiency Based upon
a. No. of lines
b. Lines efficiency
c. Production dates
58
II.
III.
IV.
V.
59
SEWING DEPARTMENT
The basic aim of an export house is to deliver value satisfaction of the customer at the profit
level.
Production is an act of producing a product i.e., quantity obtained by multiplying two
quantities together by making use of available resources.
To deliver quality with the quantity the ratio between input resources or raw material &
output goods and services is known as productivity are reciprocally related to each other.
Therefore an increase in production leads to fall in the cost per unit & rise in profit.
The production department is spread in two floors, Ground floor and the First Floor; both
the floors are specialized for their quality product. Ground Floor for basic garments and First
Floor is for jackets, blazers or other Heavy garments. Both floors have a common cutting
dept. so all the sizes of bundles are received from there only.
Production floor follows Assembly Line system. Following are steps to start a production
line:
60
61
WASHING
Garments pass through various handling processes, which may render them dirty and stain,
thereby reducing their aesthetic appeal. To restore this aesthetic value, they are subjected
to cleansing process like washing and dry cleaning (PERC). Garments are sent for washing by
the production department as per the buyers requirement. Normally the fabrics are not
asked to go for wash by the buyer. Whether the fabric department may internally sent it a
number of other reasons.
Acid Wash
Monkey Wash
Emery Balls Wash
Silicon Balls Wash
Sand Wash
TYPES OF WASHING
Normal Wash
Garment Wash
Enzyme Wash
Stone Wash
Softener
Bleach
PERC
PERC is commonly known as DRY CLEANING. Every garment is not subjected the PERC or
DRY CLEANING process. Only those garments, which have stubborn like that of oil and rust,
undergo this process. Mostly white or light colour garment that more vulnerable to staining
are dry cleaned. PERC gives whiteness as well as shiny appearance also.
The solvent for stain removal used in PERC machine is per Chloroethane, which is specially
imported for stain for dry cleaning process. The 32 kg capacity machine stores about 300 ltr
of PERC oil in its reservoir. A no. of other chemicals like softener, optical brightening agent
(blancol CF, 5 min, 55 degree c, 3-5 ml/kg), hard stain (Zn) removers (Perclean P, 30 min),
anti-wrinkle agents (polysal RM), hard water stains remover(di-methyl formaldehyde) etc.
are also added. The process is carried out in presence of steam air pressure and at a specific
temperature normally 50-60 degree centigrade. The duration of the process depends upon
the type of garments, usually being about 20-30 min. when the machine is started, 2-3 min
are given for the oil to be purified through a distillation tank. Like this the oil is made ready
to the reuse for a no. of dry cleaning cycle. After every process the machine undergo self-
62
cleaning. About 2 % of PERC oil is wastage for one full lot in each cycle and the oil is changed
when it became enough dirty or coloured.
METHODS OF DRYING
The choice for the method of drying depends upon the dimensional stability of the fabric as
predicted by the fabric sourcing dept. accordingly there can be following methods:
WASHING MACHINERY
Horizontal washing machine- This machine is being used for washing garments and
fabric rolls. Normal wash, hard wash, enzyme wash, softener wash, bleaching for
dye, stripping are done in this machine. Dyeing of greige fabric also takes place. The
small capacity horizontal washing machine is used for sampling department.
Front loading washing machine- This machine is used for washing only. All types of
wash like Normal wash, hard wash, enzyme wash, softener wash can be done in this
too. Fabric lots are not washed in this machine because the fabric lots get entangled
in front loading machine.
Hydro- The garments are wrung in these machines to remove excess water after
washing. The garments are spun in drums which rotate at high speed squeezing the
water out of them. This process takes about 3min.
Tumble dryer- This machine evaporates out all the left over water from the
garments making them completely dry. Tumbling is carried out for about half an
hour depending upon the fabric quality and a temperature of about 60 C which
subsequently drops to 35-40 C as the steam is exhausted.
PERC machine- This machine is used for dry cleaning process. It uses steam air
pressure, Per Chloro Ethane solution and a specified temperature for different types
of fabric/garments. All the process including washing, drain, hydro, drying and
cooling occur in the same machine.
63
FINISHING
After assembly, the garments now come for finishing- a key stage of garment manufacturing
process. Finishing is done to prepare the final garment according to the quality standards of
the buyer before packing it for shipment.
WASHING
THREAD CUTTING
ALTERATION
REIRONING
FINAL CHECKING
PRESENTATION/FINAL IRONING
MEASUREMENT
64
Washing, PERC- According to the buyers demand or as per garment buyer specifies
recipes and the method to be employed. The pieces are counted and sent with the
wash or PERC program.
Thread trimming- Pieces received from the washing department or from the
assembly line now come for thread trimming where trails of thread are cut off from
the seams, buttons etc. manually with the help of trimming scissor.
Spotting- During the assembly, the garment may acquire stains and other
objectionable marks which must be removed. This is done either in washing
department or they are locally spotted off. Objectionable stains like that of chalk
are spotted by means of spotting guns containing mild solvent (e.g. water, benzene
etc.). Harder and stubborn stains (like that of tobacco, rust, dye, kerosene etc.) are
sent to the spotting room where they are cleansed under the spotting machine in a
protective environment. If the spots still dont go then they are sent for PERC or dry
cleaning.
General checking- Now the garment comes for general checking relating to overall
stitching. Here, first the general visual appearance is studied which includes shape of
the garments; balancing of the parts, colour variations etc. Then any seaming defects
are recognized for example unmade seams, missed stitches etc. As per requirement
the checked pieces are send for mending to assembly line. The production manager
gives a TOP sample to the checkers as a visual aid.
Final thread cutting- Minute threads like those of labels, bar tack etc. are trimmed
off to give the neat look. Thread loosely sticking to the garments is also shed off,
both in and out by jerking the garment before it goes for pressing.
Pressing- Pressing in general is shaping the assembled material with pressure,
with/without heat and/or moisture, for further processing. In case of knits, this is
important but not as significant as in the case of woven because of their property of
excellent recovery and fit. Then the ironing of the garments takes place on the steam
boards with steam ironing machine. The patterns of various sizes of components are
marked on the pressing table. The component is placed on these pressing patterns of
the size of the garments and then pressed. This is done so that if there are any
measurement discrepancies, they can be set or removed by stretching or contracting
while steam pressing the knits. This ensures one final and equal look within one size
of the garment.
Measurement and final checking- This is the final and most stringent done for
garment measurement, appearance, labels, trims etc. to study the final look and
shape of the product produced. Measurements are done according to the
specification sheets and recordings are made for any variations in the measurement
chart. This gives an overall idea about the quality of the garment being produced.
Finally, all the good garments are counted recorded and sent to the packing tables.
65
PACKAGING
Packing is the last stage where the finished garments are primed, organized, geared up for
the shipment to the buyer, the entire process from the way a garment will be folded to the
final labelling of the cartons is dictated by the buyers specifications. Buyers demand this so
s to achieve consistency in the packages, and also to provide a visual value to the product at
retail label within their vendor base. These instructions are standardized for a particular
type of garment and sent to the merchandiser in form of a packing manual. The
merchandiser forwards it to the packing in-charge along with a TOP (Top of Production)
sample i.e., packed with the packing dimensions approved by the buyer. This is kept as a
visual reference for the packers.
CARTON IS SEALED
66
PACKING NORMS
Packages are sent under licensing rules for shipment. The rules are also specified by the
individual buyer and are universal for their respective order. Some of such norms include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
67
PROJECT WORK
68
WORK METHODOLOGY
After getting the objective, our first focus was to analyze the time being taken by each
operator for his/her operation. We spent 9 days for time study & observation for this in the
production line.
OBSERVATIONS
Before starting the project, the operation break down of the garment of the particular style
was observed and time study as well as capacity study was taken. The operation break down
was as follows:
S. No.
Operation
Operation Description
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Collar
16 A
Front
Back
Sleeve
SMV
0.32
0.68
0.52
0.52
0.41
0.84
0.62
0.44
0.4
0.34
0.28
0.3
0.68
0.42
0.42
1.29
1.29
69
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
26
27
27 A
28
29
30
31
Cuff
Assembly
box
Mark and sew pleats on sleeve opening
Sew hem on upper cuff panel
Mark and run stitch cuff by inserting thread
Trim, turn and press cuff for attach
Join shoulder
Topstitch on shoulder
Mark and attach collar at neckline
Close collar and edge stitch collar all around
attach sleeve at armhole
Top stitch on armhole
Top Stitch and tack at Bottom
Sew side seam
attach cuff at sleeve opening
topstitch at cuff
sew bottom hem
0.3
0.4
0.74
0.68
0.6
0.42
0.78
1.2
1.31
1.1
1.1
.30
0.78
0.66
0.68
The below graphs are showing the Operators performance%. After 9 days of observation we
analyzed the reason for time wastage. After putting attention on operator the average
performance of operator increased from 23.98% to 26%.
The Date wise Graph is shown below.
Date: 11/7/2011
70
71
72
73
74
PROJECT OUTCOME:
During the project we observed that initially most of the times were going waste in extra other
activities like drinking water etc.
It was observed the operators were not flexible to work in the new line setup thats why their
performance was not up to the mark.
With the Help of this project the IE department of the Modelama exports put some pressure on the
operator not to waste the time on other activities and increased the average performance of
Operator from 23.9 to 26%.
75