Power Supply

Engr. Ian Pabillaran

Marc Phillip P. Labor

Department of Electronics and Communications

Engineering
Xavier University-Ateneo de Cagayan
Corrales Avenue, Cagayan de Oro, Philippines

Mark Gy I. Laurente
Hazel Dawn B. Patica
Leonard F. Sagaral

Objective:
To establish a power supply that has a voltage output of 12 V
Abstract In this project, the students were asked to make
a power supply and established a desired voltage output.
The desired voltage output is 12 V. Upon, testing using a
multimeter, the measured voltage output is 12 V thereby,
accomplishing the set objective. This was achieved by
connecting the blue terminal (negative) and the red
terminal (positive) to the multimeter. When the red and
black is used, the voltage output is 24 V. The power supply
was mounted on a breadboard but the students found out
that it is more practical to use PCB. There was also a LED
light that was mounted on the circuit and it lits whenever
the power supply is connected to a source.
I.

All power supplies have a power input, which

receives energy from the energy source, and a power
output that delivers energy to the load. In most power supplies
the power input and output consist of electrical connectors or
hardwired circuit connections, though some power supplies
employ wireless energy transfer in lieu of galvanic
connections for the power input or output. Some power
supplies have other types of inputs and outputs as well, for
functions such as external monitoring and control [1].

INTRODUCTION

A power supply is an electronic device that

supplies electric energy to an electrical load. The primary
function of a power supply is to convert one form of electrical
energy to another and, as a result, power supplies are
sometimes referred to as electric power converters. Some
power supplies are discrete, stand-alone devices, whereas
others are built into larger devices along with their loads.
Examples of the latter include power supplies found
in desktop computers and consumer electronics devices.
Every power supply must obtain the energy it
supplies to its load, as well as any energy it consumes while
performing that task, from an energy source. Depending on its
design, a power supply may obtain energy from various types
of energy sources, including electrical energy transmission
systems, energy storage devices such as a batteries and fuel
cells, electromechanical systems such as generators and
alternators, solar power converters, or another power supply.

FIG.1 EXAMPLE OF POWER

II.

SUPPLY DIAGRAM.

PROCEDURE

The diagram to be assembled is given on the diagram

below:

Fig 2. Power Supply Design

It is expected to display an output of 12 V. To verify
the output, the power supply is to be tested using a multimeter.

III.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Using a multimeter, the following results were obtained.

The students gave their individual analyses and conclusions
for this particular project:
Trial
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Voltage Output
12 V
12 V
12 V
12 V
12 V
12 V
12 V
12 V
12 V
12 V

MARC PHILLIP P. LABOR

ANALYSIS: In the half-wave Peak-to-Peak measurement
where the load is 7.9 k and having a resistance of 100, an
erratic relationship between the inputted capacitors and
measured voltage was produced. In the 200 set-up, and same
variations of capacitor inputs, the voltage measured was
somewhat constant. In the 470 setup, again with the same
variations of capacitor input, it also showed a rather constant
voltage measured with some outlying values.
In the half-wave: DC output voltage wherein the
resistance is 470, all the set-up with varied load inputs and
capacitor variations produced a rather constant voltage
measurement.
Full-Wave
Peak-to-Peak measurement where the
load is 7.9 k and having a resistance of 100, with the
increasing variations of the capacitor, the voltage measured
also increased. In the 200 setup, a constant voltage
measurement was produced together with the 470 setup.
Full-Wave: DC output voltage wherein the resistance
is 470, all the setup produced a voltage of 0.01 volts.
MARK GY I. LAURENTE

The core objective of this project is to establish a power

supply that has a voltage output of 12 volts. By definition, it is
an electronic device that supplies electric energy to an
electrical load. For this project, it is desired that the output
voltage that would come out is 12 volts and verifying it was
through the digital reading of the multimeter. To establish the
12-volt output voltage, the design which can be found in Fig.2
in the lab report must be followed which entails the power
supply design with careful experimentations and following the
procedures, which can, at least, lessen the errors and would
come out as a successful project.
HAZEL DAWN B. PATICA
Analysis: Based on the data obtained, the assembled power
supply displays an accurate and precise voltage output
LEONARD F. SAGARAL
Voltage, current, and resistance were measured using
analog and digital multimeters. The values of analog and
digital multimeters were different thus there was a percent
difference. Based from the data gathered, as the reading of the
analog and digital multimeter increases the lesser is the
percent difference. For example 1.0V analog had a digital
reading of 1.22V having a percent difference of 18.03%. 10V
analog had a digital reading of 10.22V having a percentage
difference of 2.15%. Higher values cause the data/reading to
have lesser percent difference. Digital multimeter is the most
efficient compared to analog since it automatically gives
reading and also much easier to use. Analog multimeters are
prone to error and possible causes are miscalibration and the
condition of the equipment.
IV.

CONCLUSION

MARC PHILLIP P. LABOR

In the half-wave peak-to-peak measurements, the
measured voltages depicted an erratic relationship with the
increasing variation of capacitor; errors may have been done
with the set-up of the circuit used. In the Half-Wave: DC
output voltage, a constant voltage measurement was read
across all the variations of load resistance and capacitor input;
again, errors may have been done with the set-up of the circuit
used. In the Full-Wave Peak-to-Peak measurement 100
setup, an increasing voltage measurement is produced which
shows a directly proportional relationship between capacitor
input and voltage output in a full wave setup. The 200 and
470 produced a rather constant output voltage; again, errors
may have been done with the set-up of the circuit used. In the
Full-Wave: DC output voltage setup, all the variations with the
load resistance and the capacitor variations produced the same

output voltage; again, errors may have been done with the setup of the circuit used.

were 79 mA, 85 mA and 82 mA respectively. The diode D was

claimed to be Schottky diode since the frequent voltage value
determined in testing diode D was approximately 0.4 V.

MARK GY LAURENTE
The twelve (12) volts voltage output was established
experimentally with careful evaluation and experimentation.
The design (which can be seen in Fig. 2) used was properly
followed and the possible errors committed both
experimentally and personally were acceptable and by that, the
output voltage that came out was 12 volts. These personal
errors fell to the category of mishandling of apparatus used,
and not-so-accurate-reading-the-multimeter scenario but
somehow, the experimenters managed to obtain low errors,
which were acceptable and brought the project a successful
one.
HAZEL DAWN B. PATICA
Because of the errors incurred in the experiment, the
characteristic curve of each diode was not established. But
nevertheless, the current versus voltage graph of each diode
was plotted in the figures in the appendix. Meanwhile, the
calculated power consumption for the LED diode were 10.64
mW, 3.19 mW and 2.11 mW for the current supplied which

LEONARD F. SAGARAL
Among the two multimeter the digital was the most
efficient. Comparing the analog and digital in measuring
resistance, the value of digital is closer to the actual value of
resistor compared to analog. The digital multimeter is easier to
operate and also provide precise measurements. The average
percentage difference for the voltage measurements was
5.52%. For current measurements the percentage difference
was found out to be 12.2% and 19.5% for resistance
measurements between analog and digital multimeter.
REFERENCES
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_supply
[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectifier
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor