ideal noun [C] 1 an idea or principle that seems perfect to

you and that you want to achieve: She finds it hard to live up
to her parents high ideals. * socialist ideals idea 2 [usually
sing] a perfect example of a person or thing: My ideal would
be to live in the country and have a f lat in London. idea
ideally adv 1 periecty: They are ideally suited to each other.
doskonale, idealnie 2 in an ideal situation: Ideally, no ciass
should be larger than 25. idealnie
idealism /aidi:alizam/ noun [U] the belief that people
shouid have high ideals and live according to them, or that
the worid can be made perfect: Young people are usually full
of idealism. Por, realism, idealizm
idealist /aidi:elist/ noun [C] a person who has high ideals
(but who is sometimes not very practical) o idealist-a/ka
idealistic /iaidiahstik/ adj idealistyczny
idealize (also idealise) /aidi:alaiz/ verb [T] to imagine
or show sth as being better than it really is: Old people o/ten
idealize their early life. idealizowa
identical /aidentikl/ adj 1 the identical the same: This is
the identical room we stayed in last year. ten sam 2 identical
(to/with sb/sth) exactly the same as: I cant see any difference between these two pens - they look identical to me. taki
sam, identyczny
identically /-kli/ adv/ identycznie, tak samo
identical twin noun [C, usually pl] Identical twins come
from the same egg of the mother and so are of the same sex
and look exactly alike. bliniak jednojajowy
identity /ardentrfal/ verb [T] (pres part identyfying; 3rd
pers sing pres identifies; pt, pp identified) 1 identify sb/sth (as
sb/sth) to recognize or say who or what sb/sth is: The police
need someone to identify the body. We must identify the
cause of the problem before we look for solutions. identyfikowa, ustala 2 identify sth with sth to think or say that
sth is the same as sth else: You cant identify nationalism
with fascism. utozsamia
identify with sb to feel that you understand and share what sb
else is feeling: I found it hard to identify with the woman in
the film. utozsamia sie, identyfikowa sie Identify (yourself)
with sb/sth to be connected with sb/sth: She became identified with the new political party. zwizywa si
identification /aiidentift^eiJn/ noun [U] 1 the act of
identifying or being identified: The identification of the
people killed in the explosion was very difficult. o childrens
identification with W heroes identyfikacja; utozsamiante
sie 2 (abbr ID) an official paper, etc that proves who you
are: Do you have any identification? dowd tosamoci,
legitymacja
fridentity /aidentati/ noun [C,U] (pl identities) who or
what a person or a thing is: There are few clues to the identity
of the killer. o The region has its own cultural identity and
is demanding more independence, o The arrestwas a case of
mistaken identity. o Chiidren of immigrants o/ten sufferfrom
a loss of identity
tosamo
identity card noun [C] a card that proves who you are
dowd tosamoci, legitymacja

ideology /iaidiDlad3i/ noun [C,U] (pl ideologies) a set of

ideas which form the basis for a political or economic system:
Marxist ideohgy ideologia
ideological /iaidialDd3lkl/ ad ideologiczny
idiom /idiam/ noun [C] a expression with a meaning that
you can not guess from the meanings of the separate words:
The idiom bring sth home to sb means make sb understand sth. idiom
idiomatic /iidiama3tik/ adj 1 containing an idiom or
idioms: an idiomatic expression idiomatyczny 2 using language in a waythat sounds natural: He speahs good idiomatic
English. idiomatyczny
idiot /idiat/ noun [C] (informal) a stupid or foolish person:
I was an idiot to forget my passport. idiot-a/ka
idiotic /iidiDtik/ ad] idiotyczny
idiotically /-kli/ adv idiotycznie
idie /aidl/ adj 1 not doing anything; not belong used: She
is always busy. She cant bear to beidie. The fatory stood idie
while the machines were being repaired bezczynny
2 not wanting to work hard; lazy: He has the ability to succeed but he is just bone idie (bardzo leniwy). leniwy
3 (only before a noun) not to be taken seriousy because it will
not have any result: an idie promise prny, pusty
idleness noun [U] c> bezczynno
idly /aidi/ adv bezczynnie
idol /aidl/ noun [C] 1 a statue that people worship as a god
bozek 2 a person (such as a film star or pop musician) who
is admired or loved: When I was 14, Elvis Presley was my
idol. idol
idolize (also idolise) /aldalaiz/ uerb [T] to love or admire
sb very much or too much: He is an oniy child and his
parents idolize him. ubstwia
idyllic /1dilik; US aid-/ adj very pleasant and peaceful:
We nad an idyllic holiday in the West of Ireland.
sielankowy
ie /,ai i:/ abbr that is; in other words: deciduous trees, ie
those which lose their leaws in autumn tj., tzn.
if /rf/ conj 1 (used in sentences in which ovs, thing happens
or is true, depending on whether another thing happens or
is true): If you see him, giue him this letter. We wont go
to the beach if it rains. o If I had more time I would learn
another language. If I had known ahout the accident, I would
have gone to see her in hospital. I might see her tomorrow If
not, Ill see her at the weekend Jeeli, jeli, gdyby, o ile
2 (used after verbs sucn as ask, know, remember):
They asked if we would like to go too. o l cant remember
if I posted the letter or not. Zob. uwaga przy whether. (w
pytaniach zalenych) czy 3 (used when you ar asking sb to do
sth or suggesting sth politely):
If you could just come this way, sir. If l might suggest something... jeeli, gdyby

if l were you (used when you are giving sb advice): If I were

you, Id leaue now. na twoim miejscu
if only (used for expressing a strong wish): If oniy I could
driue. If only hed write. eby tylko
igloo /iglu:/ noun [C] (pl igloos a small house that is built
from blocks of hard snow by people in the Arctic regions
(Eskimos) Iglo
ignite /igiiart/ verb [I,T] (formal) to start burning or to
make sth start buming: A spark from the engine ignited the
petrol. zapala
ignition /igniJn/ noun 1 [U] the process of igniting
zapalanie 2 [C] the electrical system that starts the engine of
a car: to tum the ignition on/off zapon
ignominious /iignammias/ adj (formal) making you feel
ashamed: The team suffered an ignominious defeat. haniebny, sromotny
ignominiously adv haniebnie, sromotnie
ignorance /ignarans/ noun [U] ck of information or
knowledge (about sth): The workers were in complete
ignorance (pozostawali w zupenej niewiadomoci) of the
managements plans. The mistake was due to ignorance.
Ignorancja, nieznajomo
ignorant /ignorant/ adj 1 not knowing about sth: Many
people are ignorant of their rights. Im very ignorant about
(wielkim ignorantem w zakresie) modern technology,
Im afraid. nieswiadomy (czego), nie wiedzcy 2
(informal) rude or impolite (because you dont know how to
behave): That was a uery ignorant remark! prostacki
ignore /ign3:(r)/ verb [T] to pay no attention to sb/sth: I
said hello to Deby but she totally ignored me. George ignored
his doctors advice about drinking and smoking less. Uwaga!
Ignore i be ignorant bardzo si rni znaczeniem. Ignorowa, nie zwaa na
ill1 /il/ adj l (US sick) (not before a noun) not in good health;
not well: I went to bed early because I felt ill but I felt even
worse when I woke up. I have been illl with flu. My mother
was taken ill (zachorowaa) suadenly last week. My grandfather is seriousiy ill in hospital. Zob. uwaga przy sick. chory
2 (oniy before a noun) bad or harmful: There should be no ill
will between friends. lm glad to say I suffered no ill effects
from all that rich food. zy, krzywdzacy
ill2 /il/ adv 1 (often in compounds) bady or wrongly: You
would be Ul-aduised (byby nierozsdny) to driue untii you
have fully recovered. zle, nieodpowiednio 2 oniy with difnculty; not easiy: They could Ul afford (z trudem mogli sobie
pozwoli na) the extra money for better heating. z trudem,
ciezko
IDM augur well/ill for sb/sth AUGUR
bode well/ill (for sb/sth) BODE
ill-fated adj uniucky nieszczesliwy, fatalny,
il-treat verb [T] te treat sb/sth bady or unkindly: This cat
has been ill-treated. maltretowa
ill-treatment noun [U] maltretowanie Ill /al/ short for

I WILL, I SHALL
illegal /ili:gl/ adj not allowed by the law; not legal: It is
illegal to own a gu without a special licence. nielegalny,
bezprawny
illegally /-gali/ adv nielegalnie
illegible /iled3abV/ adj difficult or impossible to read;
not legible: The doctors handwriting is guite illegible.
nieczytelny
illegibly /-abli/ adj nieczytelnie
illegitimate /-ilad3itamat/ adj 1 (used about a child) bom
to parents who are not married to each other nieslubny
2 not allowed by law; against the rules bezprawny
illegitimacy /iilad3rtamasi/ noun [U] nielubne
pochodzenie
illicit /1lisrt/ adj (used about an actiyity or substance) not
allowed by law or by the rules of society: the illicit trade in
wory. They were having an illicit affair. Antonim: zwykle
legal nielegalny, zakazany
illiterate /1litarat/ adj 1 not able to read or write; not literate niepismienny 2 showing that you have littie education:
You must be illiterate if youve never heard of Sartre!
niedouczony
illiteracy /ilrtarasi/ noun [U]: adult illiteracy analfabetyzm
illness /mias/ noun 1 [U] the state of being physically
or mentally iii: In case of illness you can cancel the holiday.
There is a history of mentol illness in the family. choroba 2
[C] a type or period of physical or mental iii health: Although
it is serious, cancer is not always a fatal illness. Father is just
getting over his illness. Zob. uwaga przy disease. choroba
illogical /indsikl/ adj not sensible or reasonable; not logical:
It seems illogical to me topay somebody for doing work that
you could do yourself. nieuzasadniony, nielogiczny
illogicality /i|lod3ikadati/ noun [C,U] (pl illogicalities)
nielogicznos
illogically /-kit/ adv nielogicznie
illuminate /ilu:mmert/ verb [T] (formal) 1 to give light to
sth or to decorate sth with lights: The palace was illuminated
by spotlights. an illuminated Christmas tree owietla