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I. INTRODUCTION
With rapid growth of communication technologies, WLAN
and WiMAX communications have been developed a lot.
These technologies have become so popular that in present
days it has become almost a part of our life and almost every
corner of the world is flooded with the signals from WLAN
and WiMAX. These high speed WLAN and WiMAX signals
propagate rapidly through the infrastructure of office and
home environments and couple with other RF systems. These
coupled signals propagate along the transmission line and
circuits of the RF system and may result in an undesired
behaviour of the system. Therefore to protect the RF systems
from these signals bandstop filters can be used.
Recently, numerous methods and structures have been
proposed for realizing the bandstop filters [1-2]. Based on the
formulae of SIR, bandstop filters with high skirt selectivity as
well as wide rejection bandwidth and miniature circuit
configuration were presented in [1,2]. Divyabramham et al. [2]
presented a design technique of sharp-rejection wideband
bandstop filters by using a lossless transmission line model. In
the year 2008, a new compact bandstop microstrip filter using
two cascaded ring resonators was presented and the equivalent
circuit model was developed to characterize the proposed
bandstop structure [3]. One year later, in [4] a technique to
design a dual-band bandstop filter (DBBSF) was presented
with a dual-mode loop resonator.
The hexagonal geometry promises better confinement in
the microstrip circuits due to their large interior angles (as
compared to rectangle and square counterparts).Open loop
hexagonal multiplexer for communication system were
proposed by R. Kumar and G.A. Edae [5]. In that paper they
have presented the tri-band band multiplexer topology based
on the hexagonal close loop resonators of different size which
were capacitive coupled from a single input. In [6] a novel
microstrip bandstop filter was proposed, where signal
978-1-4799-4166-7/14/$31.00 2014 IEEE
48
Fig.2. Simulated response of hexagonal open loop bandstop filter (Filter A).
Filter
a
b
d
f
g
w1
w2
w3
A
6mm
--2.05mm
1mm
0.85mm
---
B
6mm
3mm
4mm
2.05mm
2mm
0.2mm
3mm
1mm
The stop band insertion loss is better than 30dB. Fig. 6 also
shows that at the rejection band plenty of ripples are present
whereas the simulation is smooth. The ripples are due to the
connector's flanges and screws that are missing in the
simulation model.
IV. CONCLUSIONS
A Compact open loop hexagonal resonator bandstop filters
with and without a loaded open stub have been presented in
this paper. The bandwidth of the filter with a loaded open stub
has been observed to have a better performance. The
optimization of the various parameters of the filter has been
accomplished to achieve a good response. The proposed filter
is compact, easy to fabricate and easy to integrate with
MIC/MMIC microwave circuits. The final filter structure
provides a stop band that extends from about 3.19 GHz to
5.36 GHz and hence it can reject the 3.5 GHz WiMAX and
49
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
Wang Y.-Z. and M.-L. Her, Compact microstrip bandstop filters using
stepped-impedance resonator (SIR) and spur-line sections, IEE Proc.Microw. Antennas Propag. Vol. 153, No. 5, pp. 435-440, 2006.
Divyabramham, K., M.K. Mandal and S. Sanyal, Sharp-Rejection
Wideband Bandstop Filters, IEEE Microwave and Wireless
Components Letters, Vol. 18, No. 10, pp. 662-664, 2008.
A. Boutejdar, A. Batmanov, A. Omar and E. Burte, A new method to
improve the reject band of a 5.6 GHz bandstop filter using /2 openloop ring microstrip resonators, Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference,
APMC,pp.1-4, 2008.
H.-K. Chiou and C.-F. Tai, Dual-band microstrip bandstop filter using
dual-mode loop resonator, Electronics Letters, Vol.45, No.10, pp.507509, 2009.
Raj Kumar and Girma Alemu Edae, On the Design of Close and
Open Loop Hexagonal Multiplexer for Communication System, 2nd
International Conference and workshop on Emerging Trends in
Technology (ICWET), Proceedings published by International Journal
of Computer Applications (IJCA), pp.7-14, 2011.
Hao-Ran Zhu , Wei Shen and Jun-Fa Mao, A novel bandstop filter
with wide stopband using signal interference technology, International
Workshop on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Circuits and System
Technology (MMWCST), pp.1-4, 2012.
Hui Chen, Hong-sheng Zhong, Zhi-qin Zhao and Yu-xing Zhang, A
compact X-band microstrip bandstop filter using stepped impedance
line with open-end stepped impedance stubs, International Conference
on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT), Vol.2,
pp.1-3, 2012.