Shri Govindram Seksaria Institute of Technology

& Science, Indore

Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering

Lab Manual 2013-14

Filter Design & Simulation

Submitted By:
Sandesh Agrawal, 0801EI111047, AB 37039
Vinay R.G. Dubey ,0801EI111055,AB 37047
Vikas Jain ,0801EI111054,AB 37046

Contents
1. Design a low pass 2nd order Sallen-key filter and also find its transfer
function using IAM approach and also simulate it and give its Bode plot.

2. Design an all pass 1st order filter and also find its transfer function using
IAM approach and also simulate it and give its Bode plot.

3. Design a high pass 2nd order using Friends topology and also find its
transfer function using IAM approach and also simulate it and give its Bode
plot.

Experiment no.-01
Design a low pass 2nd order Sallen-key filter and also find its transfer function
using IAM approach and also simulate it and give its Bode plot.
Solution:

Since, the OPAMP is in inverting mode we can write the inverting gain ()
= 1 + (Rb/Ra)
step 1: Numbering all the nodes and replacing the inverting opamp as follows:

So, Indefinite Admittance Matrix (IAM) will be of 5X5 size.

Since 5th node is grounded, so deleting the corresponding row and column of
grounded node, we will get IAM of 4X4 size.
Now deleting the row corresponding to driven node (4th ). So IAM will be of 3X4
size.

G1

-G1

-G1

(G1+G2+sC1) -G2
-G2

(G2+sC2)

-sC1
0

Now the column corresponding to driven node will be deleted by adding it to the
column corresponding to driving node by multiplying it with .
Now, constrained matrix will be:
1

G1

-G1

-G1

(G1+G2+sC1) -G2-sC1
-G2

(G2+sC2)

Now, calculating the transfer function of above circuit taking 4th node as output
and first node as input.
So, T(s) = V4/V1 = V3/V1
T(s) = Y(1,3)/Y(1,1)
Where Y(1,3) = value of determinant by deleting first row and third column
Y(1,1) = value of determinant by deleting first row and first column
T(s) =

(-1)1+3-1 G1G2 ()
(-1)1+1 [(G1+G2+sC1) (G2+sC2) G2 (G2+sC1)]

T(s) =

-G1G2 ()
s2C1C2 + s[C2(G1+G2)+C1(1-)] + G1G2]

Now consider the following example with unity gain feedback. And following
component values:
R1= 1/G1 = 2.74k
R2 = 1/G2 = 19.6k

C1 = 47nF
C2 = 10nF
C2 47n
U1 OPA364
-

R1 2.74k

Vout

R2 19.6k

Cbypass 10n

Vin 0
C1 10n

V+ 5

Voffset 2.5

Above circuit is simulated on Tina-TI simulation software and the result is

obtained as follows:
T

Vin 0

-2
5
4
3
Vout
2
1
0
0

1000u

2m
Time (s)

3m

4m

The Bode plot is plotted in TINA-TI also as follows:

0

Vout

Gain (dB)

-20

-40

-60

-80
10

100

1k
Frequency (Hz)

10k

100k

Transfer characteristics as follows:

T

Voltage (V)

Vout
1

0
-3

-2

-1

0
Input voltage (V)

Experiment no.-02
Design an all pass 1st order filter and also find its transfer function using IAM
approach and also simulate it and give its Bode plot.
Solution:

The OPAMP is in differential mode.

Step 1: Numbering all the nodes.
So, Indefinite Admittance Matrix (IAM) will be of 5X5 size.
Since 5th node is grounded, so deleting the corresponding row and column of
grounded node, we will get IAM of 4X4 size.
Now deleting the row corresponding to driven node (4th ). So IAM will be of 3X4
size.

2G

-G

-G

-G

2G

-G

-G

(G+sC)

Now any column corresponding to driven nodes (2nd or 3rd) will be deleted by
adding it to the other driven column. Here we are deleting 3rd column by adding it
to 2nd column.
Now, constrained matrix will be:
1

2G

-2G

-G

2G

-G

-G

(G+sC)

Now, calculating the transfer function of above circuit taking 4th node as output
and first node as input.
So, T(s) = V4/V1
T(s) = Y(1,4)/Y(1,1)
Where Y(1,4) = value of determinant by deleting first row and fourth column
Y(1,1) = value of determinant by deleting first row and first column
(-1)1+4 [G2 sCG]

T(s) =

(-1)1+1 [G2 + sCG]

s G/C

T(s) =

s + G/C
Now consider the following example with unity gain feedback. And following
component values:
R= 1/G = 15k

1kHz ALL- PASS FILTER

C = 10nF
R1 15k

R2 15k
-

R3 15k

+2.5V offset

C1 10n

Vin 2.5

U1 OPA364
+

C2 10n

V1 5

Vout

Above circuit is simulated on Tina-TI simulation software and the result is

obtained and the Bode plot is plotted in TINA-TI also as follows:

Gain (dB)

T 3
2

Frequency Response

1
0
-1
-2
-3
10

100

1k

10k

100k

Frequency (Hz)

Phase [deg]

Phase Response

-45
-90
-135
-180
10

100

1k
Frequency (Hz)

Note:
These curves are resolution-limited by the
computer monitor. In reality, they are
perfectly smooth.

10k

100k

Experiment no.-03
Design a high pass 2nd order using Friends topology and also find its transfer
function using IAM approach and also simulate it and give its Bode plot.
Solution:

The OPAMP is in inverting mode.

Numbering all the nodes and replacing as follows:
So, Indefinite Admittance Matrix (IAM) will be of 5X5 size.
Since 5th node is grounded, so deleting the corresponding row and column of
grounded node, we will get IAM of 4X4 size.
Now deleting the row corresponding to driven node (4th). So IAM will be of 3X4
size.

aG1

-aG1

-aG1

G1 + sC1+sC2 -sC1
-sC1

(G2+sC2)

-sC2
-G2

Now the column corresponding to driving node (3rd ).

Now, constrained matrix will be:
1

aG1

-aG1

-aG1

(G1+sC1+sC2)
-sC1

-sC2

-G2

Now, calculating the transfer function of above circuit taking 4th node as output
and first node as input.
So, T(s) = V4/V1
T(s) = Y(1,4)/Y(1,1)
Where Y(1,4) = value of determinant by deleting first row and fourth column
Y(1,1) = value of determinant by deleting first row and first column
(-1)1+4-1 asC1G1

T(s) =

(-1)1+1 -[aG1G2 + 2s(C1+C2)G2 + s2 C1C2]

T(s) =

-s(aG1/C2)
s2 + s[2G2(C1+C2)/C1C2] + G1G2/C1C2

Now consider the following example with unity gain feedback. And following
component values:
R1= 1/G1 = 3.83k

C1 = 22nF

R2 = 1/G2 = 20k

C2 22n
R1 20k

C1 22n

C3 15n

U1 OPA364

Vin 0

Vout

R2 3.83k

Voffset 2.5

Cbypass 10n

V+ 5

C2 = 15nF

Above circuit is simulated on Tina-TI simulation software and the result is

obtained as follows:

Gain (dB)

-20

-40

Vout
-60

-80
10

100

1k
Frequency (Hz)

10k

100k