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I. INTRODUCTION
Keywords:
Capacitors, Dynamic Synchronous Condenser, FACTS
(flexible AC Transmission System), LVRT (Low Voltage
Ride Through), Reactive Power, Reactors (Inductors),
STATCOM (Static Shunt Compensator), SuperVAR
(Superconducting Dynamic Synchronous Condenser), SVC
(Static VAR Compensator) and VAR (volt-ampere-reactive)
Generating
VARS
1
VARS
(PU)
Conventional Synchronous
Machine
1
3
480V to
120V
480V, 3Phase
Auxiliary Power
Water
Water
Stator Lube
Lube
Helium
Chiller
Cooling Skid
Compressors
Skid
Motor
Air Fan
Oil
Controller
Air
Start-up
Motor
Specification
8 MVAR (prototype unit)
12 MVAR (production unit)
Voltage
Ambient Temperature
-30o to +40oC
Losses
HTS rotor
Refrigeration
Exciter
Neon
Helium
Refrigerator
Module
Start-up Synchronous
Cryocooler
Motor Condenser Cryocoolers Compressors
Stator
and
HTS Rotor
1.400
1.200
1.000
0.800
0.600
0.400
O/C Voltage
S/C Current
0.200
0.000
0
50
100
150
200
Measure
0.36
0.21
0.13
0.13
0.05
860
0.02
0.04
0.007
Inertia constant, s
1.4
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
-0.1
Time (sec)
MVAR
6.0
5.0
4.0
MVARS
0.6
0.7
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0
3.0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
-0.1
2.0
T ime (sec)
1.0
0.0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
-1.0
Time
(sec)
1.00 p.u.
0.90 p.u.
With SuperVAR
Without SuperVAR
0.80 p.u.
T1
80 MVA
Utility
Interconnection
Point
0.70 p.u.
34.5 kV
138 kV
26 MW
600V
97%
Lagging PF
26 units
34.5 kV
Collector
System
80 MW
600V
26 MW
60 MW
97%
Lagging PF
Without SuperVAR
40 MW
26 units
With SuperVAR
20 MW
600V
26 MW
97%
Lagging PF
26 units
138 kV
34.5 kV
600V
34.5 kV
Collector
System
26 units
26 MW
97%
Lagging PF
600V
26 MW
12 MVA
SuperVARTM
12 MVA
SuperVARTM
12 MVA
34.5 13.8 kV
Substation
Transformers
1200 Amp
Breaker
26 units
97%
Lagging PF
600V
26 MW
26 units
97%
Lagging PF
Figure 10: Wind Farm Bus Voltage and MW Output with and
without SuperVAR Dynamic Synchronous Condenser
V. CONCLUSIONS
A SuperVAR dynamic synchronous condenser
machine was installed on the grid in October 2004 and
gradually brought to regular operation in early January
2005. The machine is improving power factor and
reducing flicker caused by the arc furnace. The HTS
dynamic synchronous condenser can solve a variety of
utility problems without the operational and
performance limitations of conventional machines and
electronic FACTS devices.
Simulation studies have shown that HTS dynamic
synchronous condenser machines installed at the
collector bus of a wind farm system will mitigate
voltage regulations and LVRT problems. With a
combination of steady voltage regulating output and fast
reacting transient capability, the HTS dynamic
synchronous condenser can address a number of
additional problems associated with integration of wind
farms with the grid. This machine will provide
outstanding value to transmission system operators
beginning in 2006.
VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors acknowledge support of the Tennessee
Valley Authority for the development of the HTS
dynamic synchronous condenser.
They also
acknowledge the support of the American
Superconductor engineering and technical staff.
VII. REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]