TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

938, Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City

Design Experiment: Application of an Amplifier-Based Active Band-Pass Filter

In partial fulfillment of the requirements in the course ECE 402: Electronic Circuits Analysis and Design

Submitted by:
Arias, Rhodora
Bueno, Ryan Carl
Gabotero, Carl Jamerico
Landagan, Jazzlyn Mae
Luna, Jeremiah Gerald
Valdellion, Miguel Antonio

Submitted to: Engr. Ryann A. Alimuin

October 6, 2015

Background:
An Operational Amplifier, or op-amp for short, is a voltage amplifying device designed to be used
with external feedback components such as resistors and capacitors between its output and input
terminals. These feedback components determine the resulting function or operation of the amplifier and
by virtue of the different feedback configurations whether resistive, capacitive or both, the amplifier can
perform a variety of different operations. They are commonly used for both linear and nonlinear applications
such as in linear, amplifiers, summers, integrator, differentiators and filters (high, low and band pass) and
for non-linear, comparators A/D converters and also op amps uses external voltage to amplify the input
through a very high gain.
This design experiment involves one of the applications of op amps as filters. Filters are widely
used in electronics and telecommunication systems. The objective is to select the desired frequency range
of a signal. Depending on the transfer function, it can be a low-pass, a high-pass, a band-pass or a bandstop filter. This experiment focuses mainly on band pass filters. Band pass filter (BPF) passes the desired
frequency range and attenuates the rest of the spectrum. Pass band lies between two cut-off frequencies
(fL and fH). Band width is expressed as B= fH - fL.

Problem Statement
The experiment design aims to introduce and discuss the application of op amp based active band
pass filter. After performing the experiment, the following questions must be satisfied:

What is/are the relationship/s of the cutoff frequency to the gain of the operational amplifier?
What are the factors that affect the roll off frequency of the operational amplifier?

Discussion of Methodology
Use an operational amplifier (LM741/UA741) and connect with a RC (resistor capacitor) passive
components being part of the operational amplifier control circuits .They are used until the frequencies of
the order of MHz. Technically, there is no such thing as an active high pass filter. Unlike Passive High Pass
Filter which have an infinite frequency response, the maximum pass band frequency response of an
Active High Pass Filter is limited by the open-loop characteristics or bandwidth of the operational amplifier
being used, making them appear as if they are band pass filters with a high frequency cut-off determined by
the selection of op-amp and gain. A commonly available operational amplifier such as the UA741 has a
typical open-loop (without any feedback) DC voltage gain of about 100dB maximum reducing at a roll off
rate of -20dB/Decade (-6db/Octave) as the input frequency increases. The gain of the UA741 reduces until
it reaches unity gain, (0dB) or its transition frequency which is about 1MHz

Electrical Circuit Diagrams

Figure 1 Simple Circuit Diagram of an Active Band-Pass Filter

Needed Lab Materials

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Operational Amplifier LM741/UA741

Oscilloscope and oscilloscope probes
Function Generator
Dual Polarity Power Supply
Connecting Wires

6.
7.
8.
9.

Breadboard
Capacitors (.01F 2pcs)
Resistors (R1&R2=100k,RF=22k)
Digital Multimeter

10. Procedure
11. For the experiment proper, these instructions are to be followed:
1. Using a breadboard, connect each of the components accordingly as the Figure 1. Make sure that
the pin 4 is connected to the ground and the pin 7 is connected to the positive supply.
12.
2. Set the supply to +15V. Use a Digital Multimeter to test.
13.
3. Connect the positive output of the function generator to the non-inverting input of the op-amp and
negative output to the inverting input. Test using a Digital Multimeter to measure the frequency.
14.
4. Connect the probe of the Oscilloscope to the output of the operational amplifier. Make sure that the
Oscilloscope is calibrated (Input Channel: 5 V/div, Output Channel: 200 mV/div, Time/div:
depends on freq such that waveform is visible, you can use offsets) and in a good condition
to view a desired output.
15.
5. Observe the resulting waveform in the Oscilloscope.
16.
6. Given the applied frequencies as shown below,
17.
F 19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
requency
400
800
10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000
18.
H 200
z
28.
Compute for the voltage gain and the magnitude gain in dB using the formula used.
29.
7. Complete the table below using the frequency above.

30. Frequency, f

32. Voltage gain

31. Hz

33.

36. 200
39. 400
42. 600
45. 800
48. 10000
51. 12000
54. 14000
57. 16000
60. 18000
63. 20000

34. Gain, (dB)

Vout
Vin
37.
40.
43.

35.

20 log(

Vout
)
Vin

38.
41.
44.

46.

47.
49.

52.
55.
58.
61.
64.

50.
53.
56.
59.
62.
65.

66.
8. Plot the waveform for 700 Hz applied frequency.
67.
9. Repeat procedure number 8 using 17 kHz and 100 kHz

68.
69. Further Use of Relevant Software
70.

To initially test the functionality of the filter, we used NI MULTISIM to simulate the

circuit. NI MULTISIM is software produced by National Instruments for the purpose of designing
and simulating circuit diagrams.
71. Testing Operation

72.
73. Figure 2 Multisim Diagram
74.

Using Multisim, we set up the circuit diagram above, and then measured the

values in the simulation.

75. .
76. Figure 4 Input/Output Comparison at 200 Hz

77.
78. Figure 5 Input/Output Comparison at 20 kHz
79.

80.
81. Figure 6 Input/Output Comparison at 10 kHz
82.

83. Computation: Use of Engineering Theories and Principles

84.

For the computation of the op-amp gain, we used the value of R F=100k, RG=

4.7k, C1= 0.01F, R1 =2.2k, R2=2.2k

85.

86.

Av =1+

RF
RG

96.
97.

87.

Av =1+

100 k
4.7 k

88. Av= 3.2

98.
99. Voltage Gain for an active high pass
filter

89.
90. High-Pass Active Filter Cut-off

100.

frequency:

91. fc =

Av =

Vout
=
Vin

Af (

1+(

2 ( 2.2k )(.01 uF)

92. fc =
1

93. fc = 7234.3155Hz

1+

R2
R1

101.
102.

95.

f 2
)
fc

1
2 R 1C 1
where: Af =

94.

f
)
fc

At 700 Hz applied frequency

103.

105.
106.

Magnitude of Voltage gain in

dB
v=

104.

Vout
=
Vin

(1+

2.2 k
200
)(
)
2.2 k 7234.3155
2

1+(

Av = .05527

200
)
7234.3155

v (dB)=20 log

Vout
Vin

107.

108.

Av (dB) = -25.150210708

109.
110.

This table shows the data gathered from the filter, its gains and cut-off frequencies.

111.

Frequency,
f

112.

113.

Voltage Gain
Vout
Vin

114.

115.

Decibel Gain,
(dB)
116.

Hz
20 log(

117.
120.
123.
126.
129.
132.
135.
138.
141.
144.
147.

200
118.
.05527
119.
-25.150210708
400
121.
.11042
122.
-19.139045144
600
124.
.16531
125.
-15.634017482
800
127.
0.21983
128.
-13.158260802
10000
130.
1.62043
131.
4.192605499
12000
133.
1.71282
134.
4.674234508
14000
136.
1.77680
137.
4.992770911
16000
139.
1.82237
140.
5.212731148
18000
142.
1.85573
143.
5.370295773
20000
145.
1.88074
146.
5.486575227
Table 1 Gain and Cutoff Frequency from Band-Pass Filter Op-Amp
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.

153.

Vout
)
Vin