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    Case Study On_ Ganga Water Pollution introduction The Ganga is the most sacred river to Hindus.[4] It is also a lifeline to millions of Indians who live along its course and depend on it for their daily needs.[5] It is worshipped as the goddess Ganga in Hinduism.[6] It has also been important historically, with many former provincial or imperial capitals (such as Pataliputra,[7] Kannauj,[7] Kara, Kashi, Patna, Hajipur, Munger, Bhagalpur, Murshidabad, Baharampur, Kampilya, and Kolkata) located on its bank The Ganges begins at the confluence of the Bhagirathi and Alaknanda rivers at Devprayag. The Bhagirathi is considered to be the true source in Hindu culture and theology, although the Alaknanda is longer.[14][15] The headwaters of the Alakananda are formed by snowmelt from such peaks as Nanda Devi, Trisul, and Kamet. The Bhagirathi rises at the foot of Gangotri Glacier, at Gaumukh, at an elevation of 3,892 m (12,769 ft).[16] Although many small streams comprise the headwaters of the Ganges, the six longest and their five confluences are considered sacred. The six headstreams are the Alaknanda, Dhauliganga, Nandakini, Pindar, Mandakini, and Bhagirathi rivers.[17] The five confluences, known as the Panch Prayag, are all along the Alaknanda. They are, in downstream order: Vishnuprayag, where the Dhauliganga joins the Alaknanda; Nandprayag, where the Nandakini joins; Karnaprayag, where the Pindar joins; Rudraprayag, where the Mandakini joins; and, finally, Devprayag, where the Bhagirathi joins the Alaknanda to form the Ganga River proper.[14] After flowing 250 kilometres (160 mi)[16] through its narrow Himalayan valley, the Ganges emerges from the mountains at Rishikesh, then debouches onto the Gangetic Plain at the pilgrimage town of Haridwar.[14] At Haridwar, a dam diverts some of its waters into the Ganges Canal, which irrigates the Doab region of Uttar Pradesh, whereas the river, whose course has been roughly southwest until this point, now begins to flow southeast through the plains of northern India. The Ganga follows an 800-kilometre (500 mi) arching course passing through the cities of Kannauj, Farukhabad, and Kanpur. Along the way it is joined by the Ramganga, which contributes an average annual flow of about 500 m3/s (18,000 cu ft/s).[18] The Ganges joins the Yamuna at the Triveni Sangam at Allahabad, a holy confluence in Hinduism. At their confluence the Yamuna is larger than the Ganges, contributing about 2,950 m3/s (104,000 cu ft/s),[18] or about 58.5% of the combined flow.[19] Now flowing east, the river meets the Tamsa River (also called Tons), which flows north from the Kaimur Range and contributes an average flow of about 190 m3/s (6,700 cu ft/s). After the Tamsa the Gomti River joins, flowing south from the Himalayas. The Gomti contributes an average annual flow of about 234 m3/s (8,300 cu ft/s). Then the Ghaghara River (Karnali River), also flowing south from the Himalayas of Nepal, joins. The Ghaghara(Karnali), with its average annual flow of about 2,990 m3/s (106,000 cu ft/s), is the largest tributary of the Ganges. After the Ghaghara(Karnali) confluence the Ganges is joined from the south by the Son River, contributing about 1,000 m3/s (35,000 cu ft/s). The Gandaki River, then the Koshi River, join from the north flowing from Nepal, contributing about 1,654 m3/s (58,400 cu ft/s) and 2,166 m3/s (76,500 cu ft/s), respectively. The Kosi is the third largest tributary of the Ganges, after the Ghaghara(Karnali) and Yamuna.[18] Along the way between Allahabad and Malda, West Bengal, the Ganges passes the towns of Chunar, Mirzapur, Varanasi, Ghazipur, Buxar, Ballia, Patna, Hajipur, Munger, Sultanganj, Bhagalpur, Simaria, and Saidpur. At Bhagalpur, the river begins to flow south-southeast and at Pakur, it begins its attrition with the branching away of its first distributary, the Bhāgirathi-Hooghly, which goes on to become the Hooghly River. Just before the border with Bangladesh the Farakka Barrage

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    Case Study On_ Ganga Water Pollution introduction The Ganga is the most sacred river to Hindus.[4] It is also a lifeline to millions of Indians who live along its course and depend on it for their daily needs.[5] It is worshipped as the goddess Ganga in Hinduism.[6] It has also been important historically, with many former provincial or imperial capitals (such as Pataliputra,[7] Kannauj,[7] Kara, Kashi, Patna, Hajipur, Munger, Bhagalpur, Murshidabad, Baharampur, Kampilya, and Kolkata) located on its bank The Ganges begins at the confluence of the Bhagirathi and Alaknanda rivers at Devprayag. The Bhagirathi is considered to be the true source in Hindu culture and theology, although the Alaknanda is longer.[14][15] The headwaters of the Alakananda are formed by snowmelt from such peaks as Nanda Devi, Trisul, and Kamet. The Bhagirathi rises at the foot of Gangotri Glacier, at Gaumukh, at an elevation of 3,892 m (12,769 ft).[16] Although many small streams comprise the headwaters of the Ganges, the six longest and their five confluences are considered sacred. The six headstreams are the Alaknanda, Dhauliganga, Nandakini, Pindar, Mandakini, and Bhagirathi rivers.[17] The five confluences, known as the Panch Prayag, are all along the Alaknanda. They are, in downstream order: Vishnuprayag, where the Dhauliganga joins the Alaknanda; Nandprayag, where the Nandakini joins; Karnaprayag, where the Pindar joins; Rudraprayag, where the Mandakini joins; and, finally, Devprayag, where the Bhagirathi joins the Alaknanda to form the Ganga River proper.[14] After flowing 250 kilometres (160 mi)[16] through its narrow Himalayan valley, the Ganges emerges from the mountains at Rishikesh, then debouches onto the Gangetic Plain at the pilgrimage town of Haridwar.[14] At Haridwar, a dam diverts some of its waters into the Ganges Canal, which irrigates the Doab region of Uttar Pradesh, whereas the river, whose course has been roughly southwest until this point, now begins to flow southeast through the plains of northern India. The Ganga follows an 800-kilometre (500 mi) arching course passing through the cities of Kannauj, Farukhabad, and Kanpur. Along the way it is joined by the Ramganga, which contributes an average annual flow of about 500 m3/s (18,000 cu ft/s).[18] The Ganges joins the Yamuna at the Triveni Sangam at Allahabad, a holy confluence in Hinduism. At their confluence the Yamuna is larger than the Ganges, contributing about 2,950 m3/s (104,000 cu ft/s),[18] or about 58.5% of the combined flow.[19] Now flowing east, the river meets the Tamsa River (also called Tons), which flows north from the Kaimur Range and contributes an average flow of about 190 m3/s (6,700 cu ft/s). After the Tamsa the Gomti River joins, flowing south from the Himalayas. The Gomti contributes an average annual flow of about 234 m3/s (8,300 cu ft/s). Then the Ghaghara River (Karnali River), also flowing south from the Himalayas of Nepal, joins. The Ghaghara(Karnali), with its average annual flow of about 2,990 m3/s (106,000 cu ft/s), is the largest tributary of the Ganges. After the Ghaghara(Karnali) confluence the Ganges is joined from the south by the Son River, contributing about 1,000 m3/s (35,000 cu ft/s). The Gandaki River, then the Koshi River, join from the north flowing from Nepal, contributing about 1,654 m3/s (58,400 cu ft/s) and 2,166 m3/s (76,500 cu ft/s), respectively. The Kosi is the third largest tributary of the Ganges, after the Ghaghara(Karnali) and Yamuna.[18] Along the way between Allahabad and Malda, West Bengal, the Ganges passes the towns of Chunar, Mirzapur, Varanasi, Ghazipur, Buxar, Ballia, Patna, Hajipur, Munger, Sultanganj, Bhagalpur, Simaria, and Saidpur. At Bhagalpur, the river begins to flow south-southeast and at Pakur, it begins its attrition with the branching away of its first distributary, the Bhāgirathi-Hooghly, which goes on to become the Hooghly River. Just before the border with Bangladesh the Farakka Barrage

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    Case Study On - Ganga Water Pollution

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    Deepak kumar
    Case Study On_ Ganga Water Pollution introduction The Ganga is the most sacred river to Hindus.[4] It is also a lifeline to millions of Indians who live along its course and depend on it for their daily needs.[5] It is worshipped as the goddess Ganga in Hinduism.[6] It has also been important historically, with many former provincial or imperial capitals (such as Pataliputra,[7] Kannauj,[7] Kara, Kashi, Patna, Hajipur, Munger, Bhagalpur, Murshidabad, Baharampur, Kampilya, and Kolkata) located on its bank The Ganges begins at the confluence of the Bhagirathi and Alaknanda rivers at Devprayag. The Bhagirathi is considered to be the true source in Hindu culture and theology, although the Alaknanda is longer.[14][15] The headwaters of the Alakananda are formed by snowmelt from such peaks as Nanda Devi, Trisul, and Kamet. The Bhagirathi rises at the foot of Gangotri Glacier, at Gaumukh, at an elevation of 3,892 m (12,769 ft).[16] Although many small streams comprise the headwaters of the Ganges, the six longest and their five confluences are considered sacred. The six headstreams are the Alaknanda, Dhauliganga, Nandakini, Pindar, Mandakini, and Bhagirathi rivers.[17] The five confluences, known as the Panch Prayag, are all along the Alaknanda. They are, in downstream order: Vishnuprayag, where the Dhauliganga joins the Alaknanda; Nandprayag, where the Nandakini joins; Karnaprayag, where the Pindar joins; Rudraprayag, where the Mandakini joins; and, finally, Devprayag, where the Bhagirathi joins the Alaknanda to form the Ganga River proper.[14] After flowing 250 kilometres (160 mi)[16] through its narrow Himalayan valley, the Ganges emerges from the mountains at Rishikesh, then debouches onto the Gangetic Plain at the pilgrimage town of Haridwar.[14] At Haridwar, a dam diverts some of its waters into the Ganges Canal, which irrigates the Doab region of Uttar Pradesh, whereas the river, whose course has been roughly southwest until this point, now begins to flow southeast through the plains of northern India. The Ganga follows an 800-kilometre (500 mi) arching course passing through the cities of Kannauj, Farukhabad, and Kanpur. Along the way it is joined by the Ramganga, which contributes an average annual flow of about 500 m3/s (18,000 cu ft/s).[18] The Ganges joins the Yamuna at the Triveni Sangam at Allahabad, a holy confluence in Hinduism. At their confluence the Yamuna is larger than the Ganges, contributing about 2,950 m3/s (104,000 cu ft/s),[18] or about 58.5% of the combined flow.[19] Now flowing east, the river meets the Tamsa River (also called Tons), which flows north from the Kaimur Range and contributes an average flow of about 190 m3/s (6,700 cu ft/s). After the Tamsa the Gomti River joins, flowing south from the Himalayas. The Gomti contributes an average annual flow of about 234 m3/s (8,300 cu ft/s). Then the Ghaghara River (Karnali River), also flowing south from the Himalayas of Nepal, joins. The Ghaghara(Karnali), with its average annual flow of about 2,990 m3/s (106,000 cu ft/s), is the largest tributary of the Ganges. After the Ghaghara(Karnali) confluence the Ganges is joined from the south by the Son River, contributing about 1,000 m3/s (35,000 cu ft/s). The Gandaki River, then the Koshi River, join from the north flowing from Nepal, contributing about 1,654 m3/s (58,400 cu ft/s) and 2,166 m3/s (76,500 cu ft/s), respectively. The Kosi is the third largest tributary of the Ganges, after the Ghaghara(Karnali) and Yamuna.[18] Along the way between Allahabad and Malda, West Bengal, the Ganges passes the towns of Chunar, Mirzapur, Varanasi, Ghazipur, Buxar, Ballia, Patna, Hajipur, Munger, Sultanganj, Bhagalpur, Simaria, and Saidpur. At Bhagalpur, the river begins to flow south-southeast and at Pakur, it begins its attrition with the branching away of its first distributary, the Bhāgirathi-Hooghly, which goes on to become the Hooghly River. Just before the border with Bangladesh the Farakka Barrage

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    1. Submitted by: Shradddha Samant MMS Marketing Div.C Roll no. 133 A Case Study On: The

    9,282 views

    Ganga action plan (2)


    Geeta Bhandari
    2,251 views

    Ganga river water pollution. The pollution of environment is the gift of the industrial revolution. In
    the following case study we would study how the sacred river of Ganga has been polluted along the
    years and what is its present situation.
    2. A Case Study On: The Ganga river water pollution. 2014 Table of Contents

    Ganga Religion And Water


    Pollution
    nkuhn
    7,368 views

    Introduction.. 2 The
    Ganges. 3 Exploitation of the
    work. 7 Present

    Implication of cultural and religious


    practices on ganga
    Chandranshu Garg

    Situation 8 Cleaning

    5,774 views

    river.. 6 Previous

    efforts 11 Conclusions and Lessons


    learnt.. 13
    Recommendations. 13

    Ganga cleanup action plan


    Archana Kulshrestha

    References.. 14 1 Name: Shraddha

    2,451 views

    Samant, Div.C, Roll no. 133.


    3. A Case Study On: The Ganga river water pollution. 2014 Introduction Most ancient civilizations
    grew along the banks of rivers. Even today, millions of people all over the world live on the banks of
    rivers and depend on them for their survival. All of us have seen a river - large or small, either

    Ganga action plan (3)


    Geeta Bhandari
    1,528 views

    flowing through our town, or somewhere else. Rivers are nothing more than surface water flowing
    down from a higher altitude to a lower altitude due to the pull of gravity. One river might have its
    source in a glacier, another in a spring or a lake. Rivers carry dissolved minerals, organic compounds,
    small grains of sand, gravel, and other material as they flow downstream. Rivers begin as small

    Mission clean ganga


    aajinkya_gupta

    streams, which grow wider as smaller streams and rivers join them along their course across the land.

    2,747 views

    Eventually they flow into seas or oceans. Unfortunately most of the world's major rivers are heavily
    polluted. The pollution of environment is the gift of the industrial revolution. Prior to this the
    agrarian cultures created significant environmental deterioration in the form of soil erosion- through
    deforestation and overgrazing. The environmental degradation is a by product of modern civilization.
    There has been a steady deterioration in the quality of water of Indian rivers over several decades.

    Save Ganga
    Nidhi Gupta
    6,227 views

    Indias fourteen major, 55 minor and several hundred small rivers receive millions of litres of sewage,
    industrial and agricultural wastes. Most of these rivers have been rendered to the level of sewage
    waters. Water borne diseases are rampant, fisheries are on decline, and even cattle are not spared from

    Save Ganga Presentation By


    Mallika Bhanot
    ManushiIndia

    the onslaught of pollution. According to World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) five rivers in Asia

    3,330 views

    flowing drains. There are serious water quality problems in the cities, towns and villages using these

    serving over 870 million people are among the most threatened in the world, as dams, water extraction
    and climate change all take their toll. The Ganges, Indus, Yangtze, Salween-Nu and Mekong-Lancang
    rivers make up half of the WWFs top ten most threatened river basins. India has a large number of

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    Case study on: Ganga water pollution

    rivers that are lifelines for the millions living along their banks. These rivers can be categorized into

    Pollution of Ganga

    four groups: 1. Rivers that flow down from the Himalayas and are supplied by melting snow and

    kumud__

    glaciers. This is why these are perennial, that is, they never dry up during the year. 2. The Deccan

    657 views

    Plateau Rivers, which depend on rainfall for their water. 3. The coastal rivers, especially those on the
    west coast, which are short and do not retain water throughout the year. 4. The rivers in the inland
    drainage basin of west Rajasthan, which depend on the rains. These rivers normally drain towards silt
    lakes or flow into the sand. 2 Name: Shraddha Samant, Div.C, Roll no. 133.

    Ganges
    brdav
    3,372 views

    4. A Case Study On: The Ganga river water pollution. 2014 The Ganges The river Ganga occupies a
    unique position in the cultural ethos of India. Legend says that the river has descended from Heaven
    on earth as a result of the long and arduous prayers of King Bhagirathi for the salvation of his
    deceased ancestors. From times immemorial, the Ganga has been India's river of faith, devotion and
    worship. Millions of Hindus accept its water as sacred. Even today, people carry treasured Ganga

    Can river ganga be like before


    Archit Jindal
    686 views

    water all over India and abroad because it is "holy" water and known for its "curative" properties.
    However, the river is not just a legend, it is also a life-support system for the people of India. It is
    important because: The densely populated Ganga basin is inhabited by 37 per cent of India's
    population. The entire Ganga basin system effectively drains eight states of India. About 47 per

    Holy river ganga


    Madhavi Mahajan
    709 views

    cent of the total irrigated area in India is located in the Ganga basin alone. It has been a major source
    of navigation and communication since ancient times. The Indo-Gangetic plain has witnessed the
    blossoming of India's great creative talent. The Ganga river The Ganga rises on the southern slopes of
    the Himalayan ranges (Figure 2) from the Gangotri glacier at 4,000 m above mean sea level. It flows
    swiftly for 250 km in the mountains, descending steeply to an elevation of 288 m above mean sea
    level. In the Himalayan region the Bhagirathi is joined by the tributaries Alaknanda and Mandakini to

    23817120 case-study-on-effect-ofpollution-on-taj-mahal (1)


    Manish Kumar Sinha
    12,538 views

    form the Ganga. After entering the plains at Hardiwar, it winds its way to the Bay of Bengal, covering
    2,500 km through the provinces of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal (Figure 1). In the plains it is
    joined by Ramganga, Yamuna, Sai, Gomti, Ghaghara, Sone, Gandak, Kosi and Damodar along with
    many other smaller rivers. The Ganga river carries the highest silt load of any river in the world and

    Evs presentation
    burhanuddinmp
    1,883 views

    the deposition of this material in the delta region results in the largest river delta in the world (400 km
    from north to south and 320 km from east to west). The rich mangrove forests of the Gangetic delta
    contain very rare and valuable species of plants and animals and are unparalleled among many forest
    ecosystems. 3 Name: Shraddha Samant, Div.C, Roll no. 133.

    Action plans
    rajakamit
    224 views

    5. A Case Study On: The Ganga river water pollution. 2014 Figure 1: Location map of India showing
    the Ganga River Figure 2: Map of India showing the route of the Ganga river 4 Name: Shraddha
    Samant, Div.C, Roll no. 133.
    6. A Case Study On: The Ganga river water pollution. 2014 The Holy Ganga. River Ganga (Ganges)
    of India has been held in high esteem since time immemorial and Hindus from all over the world

    Pollution of the Ganges and


    Yangtze
    Brandon Smith
    2,817 views

    cherish the idea of a holy dip in the river under the faith that by doing so they will get rid of their sins
    of life. More than 400 million people live along the Ganges River. An estimated 2,000,000 persons
    ritually bathe daily in the river. Historically also, Ganga is the most important river of the country and
    beyond doubt is closely connected with the history of civilization as can be noticed from the location
    of the ancient cities of Hardwar, Prayag, Kashi and Patliputra at its bank. To millions of people it is

    Presentation ganges
    Prafullchandra Patel

    sustainer of life through multitude of canal system and irrigation of the wasting load. Hundreds of the

    635 views

    villages and even the big cities depend for their drinking water on this river. It is believed, a fact
    which has also been observed, that the water of Ganga never decays even for months and years when
    water of other rivers and agencies begins to develop bacteria and fungi within a couple of days. This
    selfpurification characteristic of Ganga is the key to the holiness and sanctity of its water. The

    The ganges river


    Bhati Gujjar

    combination of bacteriophages and large populations of people bathing in the river have apparently

    311 views

    produced a self-purification effect, in which water-borne bacteria such as dysentery and cholera are
    killed off, preventing large-scale epidemics. The river also has an unusual ability to retain dissolved
    oxygen. However, the purity of the water depends on the velocity and the dilution capacity of the
    river. A large part of the flow of the Ganga is abstracted for irrigation just as it enters the plains at
    Hardiwar. From there it flows as a trickle for a few hundred kilometres until Allahabad, from where it

    Ganga cleanup plan 2014


    Prof Sanjeev Bahadur
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    is recharged by its tributaries. The Ganga receives over 60 per cent of its discharge from its
    tributaries. The contribution of most of the tributaries to the pollution load is small, except from the
    Gomti, Damador and Yamuna rivers, for which separate action programmes have already started
    under Phase II of "The National Rivers Conservation Plan". 5 Name: Shraddha Samant, Div.C, Roll

    Chandrashekhar
    Chandrashekhar Vishwakarma
    1,126 views

    no. 133.
    7. A Case Study On: The Ganga river water pollution. 2014 Exploitation of the river In the recent
    past, due to rapid progress in communications and commerce, there has been a swift increase in the
    urban areas along the river Ganga, As a result the river is no longer only a source of water but is also
    a channel, receiving and transporting urban wastes away from the towns. Today, one third of the

    Case study of TAJ MAHAL


    aakansha26
    2,645 views

    country's urban population lives in the towns of the Ganga basin. Out of the 2,300 towns in the
    country, 692 are located in this basin, and of these, 100 are located along the river bank itself. The
    belief the Ganga river is "holy" has not, however, prevented over-use, abuse and pollution of the

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    river. All the towns along its length contribute to the pollution load. It has been assessed that more
    than 80 per cent of the total pollution load (in terms of organic pollution expressed as biochemical
    oxygen demand (BOD)) arises from domestic sources, i.e. from the settlements along the river course.
    Due to over-abstraction of water for irrigation in the upper regions of the river, the dry weather flow

    India; Water, Climate Change, and


    Adaptation in the Ganges River
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    D5Z
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    has been reduced to a trickle. Rampant deforestation in the last few decades, resulting in topsoil
    erosion in the catchment area, has increased silt deposits which, in turn, raise the river bed and lead to
    devastating floods in the rainy season and stagnant flow in the dry season. Along the main river course
    there are 25 towns with a population of more than 100,000 and about another 23 towns with

    Ganga
    Water Keeper India
    1,162 views

    populations above 50,000. In addition there are 50 smaller towns with populations above 20,000.
    There are also about 100 identified major industries located directly on the river, of which 68 are
    considered as grossly polluting. Fifty-five of these industrial units have complied with the regulations
    and installed effluent treatment plants (ETPs) and legal proceedings are in progress for the remaining
    units. The natural assimilative capacity of the river is severely stressed. The principal sources of
    pollution of the Ganga river can be characterised as follows:

    6 Domestic and industrial

    Study on-effect-of-pollution-on-tajmahal
    Ankush Goja
    426 views

    wastes. It has been estimated that about 1.4 106 m3 d-1 of domestic wastewater and 0.26 106 m3
    d-1 of industrial sewage are going into the river. Solid garbage thrown directly into the river. Nonpoint sources of pollution from agricultural run-off containing residues of harmful pesticides and
    fertilisers. Animal carcasses and half-burned and unburned human corpses thrown into the river.
    Defecation on the banks by the low-income people. Mass bathing and ritualistic practices Name:

    Water Pollution

    Shraddha Samant, Div.C, Roll no. 133.

    Thio Kiat
    1,183 views

    8. A Case Study On: The Ganga river water pollution. 2014 Previous studies A number of
    investigations have been carried out on the physiochemical and biological characters of the Ganga.
    Lakshminarayana (1965) published a series of papers reporting the results of studies carried out at
    values of the most of the parameters decreased during rainy season while no marked variation was

    Latest issue on environment,


    international conferences held,
    agenda, points dis
    Pratibha Khemchandani

    observed during winters and summers. A year later Saxena et.al. (1966) made a systematic survey of

    1,158 views

    Varanasi during the period between March, 1957 and March, 1958. it was observed by him that the

    the chemical quantity of Ganga at Kanpur. According to the study, the biological oxygen demand, i.e.
    B.O.D. varied from 5.3ppm (minimum) in winter to 16.0ppm (maximum) in summer. The chloride
    season. He concluded that the tanneries significantly increased the pollution load of river as they

    RiverPollution_Yamuna: By
    Suresh Babu.ppt
    bmbks321

    discharge huge amounts of effluents containing organic wastes and heavy metals. It was further

    9,479 views

    ranged between 9.2 and 12.7 ppm and the river was found to be alkaline in nature except in rainy

    reported that forty five tanneries, ten textile mills and several other industrial units discharged 37.15
    million gallon per day of waste water generating BOD load of approximately 61630 Kg/day. At the
    pollution in the river Ganga in presence of the then Prime Minister Mrs. Indira Gandhi who

    Ganga For Moef Presentation By


    Sunita Narayan
    ManushiIndia

    inaugurated the session. At her instance, Dr. M.S. Swaminathan, the then member, Planning

    4,152 views

    1981 session of Indian Science Congress at Varanasi, scientists expressed concern at the growing

    Commission asked the Central Board for Preventation and Control of Water Pollution, New Delhi to
    conduct studies on the state of the river Ganga. In collaboration with the State Pollution Control
    Boards of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Bengal and the centre for study of Man and Environment Kolkata

    Case study of taj mahal


    Aman Roy

    (Calcutta), studies were conducted on the Sources of pollution including all human activities, land

    920 views

    use pattern and water quality of the river at selected sites during 1981-82 and report entitled Basin,
    sub-basin inventory of water pollution in the Ganga basin part-II was published in 1984. According
    to this report sewage of 27 class I cities and towns and effluents from 137 major industries were the
    main source of pollution of the river. In addition cremation of ad human bodies and dumping of
    carcasses aggrevated the pollution of the river. It was Chandra (1981) who conducted studies on the
    pollution status of river Ganga at Allahabad, pointed out that industries manufacturing nitrogenous

    Save Ganga Presentation By


    Mallika Bhanot
    guest9291066
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    fertilizers have significant role in polluting the river water. 7 Name: Shraddha Samant, Div.C, Roll
    no. 133.

    River Pollution
    Mr Cornish

    9. A Case Study On: The Ganga river water pollution. 2014 According to the report published in a

    9,919 views

    book by Mr. U.K. Sinha (1986), the concentration of iron is higher in sediments collected from 10
    metres along the bank at Mandiri region. The concentration of all the toxic metals i.e copper, zinc,
    nickel and cobalt are higher in all the sediments collected from near the storm drain and diminishes
    towards mid-region of the river. The concentration of zinc is highest in the sediments collected from
    near the Mandiri storm drain, Antaghat storm drain and Krishnaghat storm drain. The concentration of

    Water protection act


    Shubham Gupta
    3,102 views

    copper is highest in the sediments collected from near the Krishnaghat storm drain suggesting the
    presence copper due to utensil work being done in Thatheri Bazar and hospital wastes also, said report.
    The chemical pollution of the river Ganga in Patna city in Bihar state has been found somewhat
    alarming beside the storm drain, especially in the regions like Rajapur, Mandiri and Krishnaghat.
    Present Situation For some time now, this romantic view of the Ganges has collided with India's grim
    realities. During the past three decades, the country's explosive growth (at nearly 1.2 billion people,

    Water pollution powerpoint


    rsalonga

    India's population is second only to China's), industrialization and rapid urbanization have put

    105,609 views

    unyielding pressure on the sacred stream. Ganga, the most sacred of rivers for Hindus, has become
    polluted for some years now. But a recent study by Uttarakhand Environment Conservation and
    Pollution Control Board says that the level of pollution in the holy river has reached alarming
    proportions. Things have come to such a pass that the Ganga water is at present not fit just for

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    drinking and bathing but has become unusable even for agricultural purposes. As per the UECPCB

    urbanization in ganga

    study, while the level of coliform present in water should be below 50 for drinking purposes, less than

    Vani Kaushal

    500 for bathing and below 5000 for agricultural use the present level of coliform in Ganga at

    886 views

    Haridwar has reached 5500. Based on the level of coliform, dissolved oxygen and biochemical
    oxygen, the study put the water in A, B, C and D categories. While A category is considered fit for
    drinking, B for bathing, C for agriculture and D is for excessive pollution level. Since the Ganga
    waters at Haridwar have more than 5000 coliform and even the level of dissolved oxygen and
    biochemical oxygen doesn't conform the prescribed standards, it has been put in the D category.

    Water Policies in India


    Meghana Agrawal
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    According to the study, the main cause of high level of coliform in Ganga is due to disposal of human
    faeces, urine and sewage directly into the river from its starting point in Gaumukh till it reaches
    Haridwar via Rishikesh. 8 Name: Shraddha Samant, Div.C, Roll no. 133.
    10. A Case Study On: The Ganga river water pollution. 2014 Nearly 89 million litres of sewage is
    daily disposed into Ganga from the 12 municipal towns that fall along its route till Haridwar. The
    amount of sewage disposed into the river increases during the Char Dham Yatra season when nearly
    15 lakh pilgrims visit the state between May and October each year. Apart from sewage disposal of
    half-burnt human bodies at Haridwar and hazardous medical waste from the base hospital at Srinagar
    due to absence of an incinerator are also adding to pollution levels in the Ganga. The result has been
    the gradual killing of one of India's most treasured resources. One stretch of the Yamuna River, the
    Ganges' main tributary, has been devoid of all aquatic creatures for at least a decade. In Varanasi,
    India's most sacred city, the coliform bacterial count is at least 3,000 times higher than the standard
    established as safe by the United Nations world Health Organization. Coliform are rod-shaped bacteria
    that are normally found in the colons of humans and animals and become a serious contaminant when
    found in the food or water supply. A study by Environmental Biology Laboratory, Department pf
    Zoology, Patna University, showed the presence of mercury in the Ganga river in Varanasi city.
    According to the study, annual mean concentration of mercury in the river water was 0.00023 ppm.
    The concentration ranged from NT (not traceable) to 0.00191 ppm. Study done by Indian
    Toxicological Research Centre (ITRC), Lucknow during 19861992 showed maximum annual
    concentration of mercury in the Ganga river water at Rishikesh, Allahabad district and Dakshineswar
    as 0.081, 0.043 and 0.012 ppb respectively. Ganga river at Varanasi was found well within the
    maximum permissible standard of 0.001 ppm prescribed for drinking water by the World Health
    Organization. The mercury studied in the Ganga river could be traced in biotic as well as abiotic
    components of the river at the study site. The Hindu devotees take bath in the river where mercury
    was detected in 28%, 44%,75%, 96%, 42% and 89% of the river water, sediment, benthic fauna, fish,
    soil and vegetation samples respectively. Though mercury contamination of the river water has not
    reached an alarming extent, its presence in the river system is worrisome. In the study annual mean
    concentration of the metal in the sediments was 0.067 ppm. Sediments constitute a major pool of
    mercury in fresh water. 9 Name: Shraddha Samant, Div.C, Roll no. 133.
    11. A Case Study On: The Ganga river water pollution. 2014 As Ganga enters the Varanasi city,
    Hinduisms sacred river contains 60,000 faecal coliform bacteria per 100 millilitres, 120 times more
    than is considered safe for bathing. Four miles downstream, with inputs from 24 gushing sewers and
    60,000 pilgrim-bathers, the concentration is 3,000 times over the safety limit. In places, the Ganges
    becomes black and septic. Corpses, of semi-cremated adults or enshrouded babies, drift slowly by. The
    tannery industry mushrooming in North India has converted the Ganga River into a dumping ground.
    The tanning industry discharges different types of waste into the environment, primarily in the form
    of liquid effluents containing organic matters, chromium, sulphide ammonium and other salts. As per
    an estimate, about 80-90% of the tanneries use chromium as a tanning agent. Of this, the hides take up
    only 5070%, while the rest is discharged as effluent. Pollution becomes acute when tanneries are
    concentrated in clusters in small area like Kanpur. Consequently, the Leather-tanning sector is
    included in the Red category of industries due to the potential adverse environmental impact caused by
    tannery wastes. Highly polluted sediments are adversely affecting the ecological functioning of rivers
    due to heavy metal mobilization from urban areas into biosphere. Distribution of heavy metals in
    sediments of the river Ganga and its tributaries have been carried out by several workers. Monitoring
    of Ganga River from Rishikesh to Varanasi indicated that Kannauj to Kanpur and Varanasi are the
    most polluted stretches of the river Ganga . Analysis of upstream and down stream water and sediment
    revealed a 10-fold increase in chromium level. 10 Name: Shraddha Samant, Div.C, Roll no. 133.
    12. A Case Study On: The Ganga river water pollution. 2014 Cleaning efforts Ganga Action Plan
    (GAP) The Ganga Action Plan or GAP was a program launched in April 1986 in order to reduce the
    pollution load on the river. But the efforts to decrease the pollution level in the river became more
    after spending Rs 901.71 Crore Therefore, this plan was withdrawn on 31 March 2000. The steering
    Committee of the National River Conservation Authority reviewed the progress of the GAP and
    necessary correction on the basis of lessons learned and experiences gained from the GAP phase; 2
    schemes have been completed under this plan. A million litres of sewage is targeted to be intercepted,
    diverted and treated. Phase-II of the program was approved in stages from 1993 onwards, and
    included the following tributaries of the Ganges: Yamuna, Gomti, Damodar and Mahananda. As of

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    2011, it is currently under implementation. Scientists and religious leaders have speculated on the
    causes of the river's apparent self-purification effect, in which water-borne bacteria such as dysentery
    and cholera are killed off thus preventing large-scale epidemics. Some studies have reported that the
    river retains more oxygen than is typical for comparable rivers; this could be a factor leading to fewer
    disease agents being present in the water. National River Ganga Basin Authority (NRGBA) NRGBA
    was established by the Central Government of India, on 20 February 2009 under Section 3(3) of the
    Environment Protection Act, 1986. It also declared Ganges as the "National River" of India. The chair
    includes the Prime Minister of India and Chief ministers of states through which the Ganges flows.
    Supreme Court of India The Supreme Court has been working on the closure and relocation of many
    of the industrial plants like tulsi along the Ganges and in 2010 the government declared the stretch of
    river between Gaumukh and Uttarkashi an eco-sensitive zone. 11 Name: Shraddha Samant, Div.C,
    Roll no. 133.
    13. A Case Study On: The Ganga river water pollution. 2014 Conclusions and Lessons learnt Poor
    resource recovery due to poor resource generation because of the lower organic content of Indian
    sewage. This may be due to less nutritious dietary habits, higher water consumption, fewer sewer
    connections, higher grit loads, insufficient flows and stagnation leading to bio-degradation of the
    volatile fractions in the pipes themselves. The assumed BOD design load of the plants were, in some
    cases, considered much higher than the actual BOD loading. This was due to a lack of practical
    experience within India and the fact that western experiences were not entirely appropriate. The river
    pollution plan being "action" orientated, avoids involvement in long-term town planning, which
    continues to remain deficient with respect to environmental sanitation. This is due to a lack of
    overview by any stakeholding agency and to the blinkered foresight by the already beleaguered city
    authorities who remain perpetually short of funds for their daily crisis-management. The most
    important lesson learned was the need for control of pathogenic contamination in treated effluent. This
    could not be tackled before because of a lack of safe and suitable technology but is now being
    attempted through research and by developing a suitable indigenous technology, which should not
    impart traces of any harmful residues in the treated effluent detrimental to the aquatic life. This is an
    aspect difficult to control in surface waters in tropical areas, but it is very important for the Ganga
    because the river water is used directly by millions of devout individuals for drinking and bathing.
    Recommendations The Action Plans start as "cleanliness drives" and continue in the same noble spirit
    with the same zeal and enthusiasm on other major rivers and freshwater bodies. Its effectiveness could
    however be enhanced if these efforts could be integrated and well accepted within the long-term
    objectives and master plans of the cities, which are constantly under preparation without adequate
    attention to the disposal of wastes. More information on polluted groundwater resources in the
    respective river basins will prove useful, because the existing levels of depletion and contamination of
    groundwater resources, which are already overexploited and fairly contaminated, will increase the
    dependency in the future on the rivers, as the only economical source of drinking water. This aspect
    has not been seriously considered in any long-term planning. 12 Name: Shraddha Samant, Div.C, Roll
    no. 133.
    14. A Case Study On: The Ganga river water pollution. 2014 References:
    http://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/~amit/other/ganges.html
    http://www.hindustantimes.com/storypage/storypage.

    http://www.shvoong.com/exact-

    sciences/physics/1637757-holistic-studymercurypollution-ganga/
    ganges.html

    http://www.wordfocus.com/word-

    http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary 13 Name: Shraddha Samant, Div.C,

    Roll no. 133.

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