Appendix

Acoustics ACTx R150

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2011 ANSYS, Inc.

March 4, 2014

Piezoelectric exposure in
ANSYS WorkBench using
ACT

Piezo ACTx R150

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Piezoelectricity
Piezoelectric analyses may be

static
transient
modal including prestressed modal (using linear perturbation)
harmonic (FULL and MSUP in Beta) including prestressed harmonic (using linear
perturbation)

For static analyses, piezoelectric materials are characterized by

structural elasticity
piezoelectric coupling
dielectric permittivity
For dynamic analyses, additional data are required

density
structural damping
dielectric damping
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Piezoelectricity
stiffness measured under constant electric field [cE],
piezoelectric stress matrix [e], and
relative permittivity measured under constant strain [S].
[e] stress-charge

clamped and closed circuit

clamped condition is where material does change
dimensions with applied electric field
material is physically clamped or
driven at a frequency high enough above mechanical
resonance that the device does not respond to the
changing E field

2011 ANSYS, Inc.

March 4, 2014

Piezoelectric Coefficients for PZT-5A

Piezoelectric coefficients for PZT-5A are also provided in stress form (e)

either form could be used for entering the data

eANSYS

5.4 0
0
0

15
.
8
0

0
5.4 0 C

2
12
.
3
0
0

m
0
0
12.3

0
0
0

piezoelectric coefficients in stress form are input using TB,PIEZ with TBOPT=0

TB,PIEZ,#,,,0
TBDATA, 3,-5.4
TBDATA, 6, -5.4
TBDATA, 9, 15.8
TBDATA, 14, 12.3
TBDATA, 16, 12.3

2011 ANSYS, Inc.

March 4, 2014

Permittivity Coefficients for PZT-5A

Relative permittivity for PZT-5A is also provided in constant strain form (KS)
0
0
916

830
0
0

916
S

Relative permittivity coefficients in constant strain form are input using

TB,DPER with TBOPT = 0

TB,DPER,#,,,0
TBDATA, 1, 916, 830, 916

2011 ANSYS, Inc.

March 4, 2014

3D Poling Direction
Piezoelectric properties are directional-dependent

must ensure that appropriate element coordinate system is defined for each
element, so that the poling direction is consistent between element coordinate
system and material definition

Usually identical (piezoelectric crystals are generally transversely isotropic)

2011 ANSYS, Inc.

March 4, 2014

3D Poling Direction
x-polarized

piezoelectric
constants

permittivity
constants

2011 ANSYS, Inc.

y-polarized

z-polarized

0 0
0
e33
0 0 e31
0 e31
e

0 0 e
0 e

0
0
0
31
31
33

e31
0 0 e33
0 e31
0 0
0
e
e

e
0
0
0
0
0
0
e
0
0

15

0 0 e15
0 e15
0
0
0 e15

0
0
0
0 0
0
0 e15
e15
K 33

March 4, 2014

0
K11

0
K11

0
0

K11

0
K 33

0
K11

0
0

K11

0
K11

0
0
K 33

2D Analyses
Arrangement of matrices must be verified

if poling direction is in-plane, y-polarized transformed matrices

are valid

elastic
constants

piezoelectric
constants

permittivity
constants
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2011 ANSYS, Inc.

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3D

s3D

s11

s13
s33

s12
s13
s11

2D
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

s44

s44

e3D

0
0
s11

0
s2D

s66

s13
s33

0
0 e31
0 e
0
0 e31
33

0 e
0 e31
0
33

2D
0 e31
0 0
e15

0
0
0 e15
e15

0 0
0
K11

3D

0
K 33

0
K

0 2D 11
0
K11

0
K 33

s12
s13
s11

0
0
0

s44

2D Poling Direction
x-polarized

piezoelectric
constants

permittivity
constants

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2011 ANSYS, Inc.

y-polarized

e33 0
0 e31
e

0 e
0
33
e
e 31
e31 0
0 e31

0 e15
e15 0

K 33 0
K11 0

0 K11 0 K 33

March 4, 2014

ACT: Application Customization Toolkit

ACT allows customization in the Mechanical application :
Replace command snippets with interactive objects
Create customized Loads / BCs
Create customized Results
Ability to connect a third party solver in a standard Workbench process
ACT Piezo extension is a customization made with ACT to integrate ANSYS
piezoelectric capabilities in Mechanical. The extension consists of one XML
file (Configures the UI content) and one python script (Implements the
extension functionality).
If you need more information about ACT please contact your sales
representative.

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ACT Extension Library

ANSYS Customer Portal
support.ansys.com
A library of helpful ACT extensions
available to any ANSYS customer
Roughly one dozen available
More being added continually

Great place to get started

Extensions made available in either binary

format (.wbex file) or binary plus scripted

format (python and XML files)
Scripted extensions are great examples
Links to ACT documentation and training
material
Goals for an ACT developers forum

Download the Piezo ACT Extension

The Piezo ACT Extension for ANSYS 15.0 is available for download on the
ACT Extension Library of the Customer Portal:

https://support.ansys.com/AnsysCustomerPortal/en_us/Downloads/Extens
ion+Library/ACT+Library
Please pay attention to paragraph 9 of the CLICKWRAP SOFTWARE LICENSE
AGREEMENT FOR ACS EXTENSIONS regarding TECHNICAL ENHANCEMENTS
AND CUSTOMER SUPPORT (TECS): TECS is not included with the
Program(s).
So to report an issue or provide your feedback in regards to this extension
please contact:
David Roche:

david.roche@ansys.com

Installing ACT Extensions

Installing from WB Project page:
1. Select the Install Extension option
2. It will open a file dialog to select a *.wbex file
3. The extension is installed

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Piezoelectric extension

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For 2D & 3D analyses with quadratic elements

Change element type and assign piezoelectric material properties (the

structural material properties defined in EDA are used)

Apply boundary conditions & loads: voltage, charge

Plot piezoelectric results: voltage, electric field & electric flux density

2011 ANSYS, Inc.

March 4, 2014

Piezoelectric extension

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Use the Piezoelectric Body to define the piezoelectric bodies so change

the element type and define the piezoelectric material properties.

2011 ANSYS, Inc.

March 4, 2014

Polarization Axis

TB,PIEZ,#,,,0

TB,DPER,#,,,0

MP,RSVX,#, (RSVY,RSVZ)

MP,LSST,#,

Piezoelectric extension

In the Boundary Conditions menu find the objects to apply:

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Electric charge
Surface Charge Density
Volume Charge Density
Voltage (can be frequency dependent in harmonic or time dependent in transient)
Enforced Motion Voltage (beta)
APDL Commands:
Voltage Coupling

2011 ANSYS, Inc.

March 4, 2014

F,ALL,CHRG

SF,ALL,CHRG

BF,ALL,CHRG

CP,NEXT,VOLT,ALL $ D,nodemin,VOLT

DVAL

CP,NEXT,VOLT

Post Processing

In the Results menu find the objects to postprocess:

Voltage
Electric Field
Electric Flux Density

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PLNSOL,VOLT

PLNSOL,EF,X (Y,Z,SUM)

PLNSOL,D,X (Y,Z,SUM)

Linear Perturbation
Piezoelectric analyses now support linear perturbation. Thus a
previous static analysis can be linked in the project schematic
to a modal or harmonic analysis.

If this case the piezoelectric body is only inserted

in the static analysis.

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2011 ANSYS, Inc.

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Mode Superposition Harmonic (beta)

To have access to harmonic mode superposition with enforced
motion voltage beta options must be activated in the project
page:

The voltage is then applied in the harmonic analysis using

Enforced Motion Voltage object:

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Application Example

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Motor noise using

Maxwell

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2011 ANSYS, Inc.

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Noise Sources [1]

Magnetic

Mechanical

Aerodynamic
Fluid Cooling
Phenomena

Radial
Self

Electronic
Switching
Harmonics

Load Induced

Auxiliaries

Slot
Harmonics
Magnetic
Unbalance

Stator

Couplings

Rotor

Foundation

Modes of
Vibration
Bearings

Balancing

Static
Eccentricity

Dynamic
Eccentricity
Unbalanced
Rotor

Audible
Frequencies

20 Hz
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60 Hz

2011 ANSYS, Inc.

Elliptical
Rotor Surface

261.63 Hz
March 4, 2014

4.186kHz

5 kHz

20 kHz

[1] P. Vigayraghavan, R. Krishnan, Noise in Electric Machines: A Review, IEEE, 1998

Electromagnetic Noise Source

Air Gap Density, Out of Plane forces, Eccentricity in Rotor-stator, Harmonics may lead
to noise

ANSYS Machine Design Methodology

RMxprt: calculate rated performance for machine
Maxwell: Calculate detailed magnetic FEA of machine in time domain
Simplorer: Calculate detailed drive design with coupled cosimulation
with either RMxprt or Simplorer.

SINE1

SINE2

SINE3

TRIANG1

IGBT1

D7

IGBT3

D9

IGBT5

D11

E1

RphaseA
PhaseA_in

PhaseA_out

PhaseB_in

PhaseB_out

PhaseC_in

PhaseC_out

RphaseB

RphaseC

VM1

MotionSetup1_in

MotionSetup1_out

E2
D8
IGBT2

D10
IGBT4

IGBT6

D12
0

w
V_ROTB1

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2011 ANSYS, Inc.

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Electromagnetic Noise source

Mechanical Vibrations induced by electromagnetic
forces acting on rotor-stator produces appreciable
noise

Direct Force Mapping

Electromagnetic forces from Maxwell
to Mechanical by linking systems in
Workbench
Can perform time domain Transient
Analysis
Can perform frequency domain
Harmonic Analysis

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2011 ANSYS, Inc.

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ANSYS Mechanical
From the transient Maxwell simulation, FFT is performed and
remote loads are automatically generated of the selected
geometric entities:

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