SPWM strategy for'an open-end winding induction motor drive using two

-level inverters with separate DC supplies

Liu Yongheng, Li Yongdong, Hou Xuan, Su Pengsheng

Department of Electrical Engineering
Tsinghua University
Beijing, P.R.China
liuyongbeng@tsinghua,org.cn

open-end winding induction motor drive

using two inverters with separate DC supplies is
presented in this paper. A SPWM strategy with phase
shift of the carriers is used. This strategy can give the
switching states of the two inverters spontaneously and
symmetrically by comparing a sinusoidal wave and e
triangular signal. Through the method of adding the third
harmonics in the fundamental wave, w e can get full
utilization of the DC link voltage as in Space ector
PWM (S PWM) strategy.

Abshacl-An

TABLE 1.

mar

MAXPHASEVOLTAGECOMPARE

-E

-E

-E

2-Level Dual* means two ?-Level inverter feeding open-end windin%

induction motor with a single DC supply.

Keywords-open-end winding; SPWM; induelion motor;

phase shift

11. REPRESENTATION BY VOLTAGE VECTOR

Fig.2 shows the space vector combinations for this
topology in a, b, c axis. Although the number of
switching states are much more than that in 3-level
inverter, 64 instead of 21, the space vector allocation
resulted from the combination of two inverters is the
same to that of the conventional 3-level inverter. [4]

1. INTRODUCTION

One objective of multilevel converters is to achieve a

high voltage ontput wing the devices with standard
voltage. Table.1 summarizes the maximal voltage
output (the longest voltage vector) of seven topologies
when the voltage capability of the device is supposed to
be E. Vmax means the maximal voltage output (the
longest voltage vector).
In this paper, the dual 2-level inverter feeding
open-end winding induction motor sbuctnre with two
separate DC supplies is studied, as is shown in Fig.1.
, With this structure, the same maximal voltage output
can be achieved as in the conventional 3-level inverter
[2] [3].-And a SPWM control strategy for this topology
is used.

In the implementation of this structure, isolated

transformers have been used far both inverters to
provide the separate DC supply for each inverter. [ 5 ]
The dual inverter feeding open-end winding induction
motor system could be decomposed into two electric
networks, the 0 netwark and the 1 network, as is shown
in Fig.3. Each network could be regarded as a
conventional 2-level inverter. As we know. the thud
harmonic ciurent could be blocked in a conventional
2-level inverter. Thus, it could also be cancelled in the
dual inverter feeding open-end winding induction motor
composed of a 0 electric network and a 1 electric
network.

Inverter-]

Inverter-2
'

Rg.1 Dual inverter fed open-end w n b g induction motor

636

0 Net

1 Net

(a) Representation by ideal sonrces (b) Decomposition into 2 networks

Fig.3 The decomposedtwo electric networks

In the implementation of this structure, isolated

transformers have been used for both inverters to
provide the separate DC supply for each inverter. [SI
The dual inverter feeding open-end winding induction
motor system could be decomposed into two electric
networks, the 0 network and the 1 network, as is shown
in Fig.3. Each network could be regarded as a
conventional 2-level inverter. As we know, the third
harmonic current could be blocked in a conventional
2-level inverter. Thus, it could also be cancelled in the
dual inverter feeding open-end winding induction motor
composed of a 0 electric network and a 1 electric
.
.
network.

Ublcl = ( s b

- sc)

fUcld)/3 (3)
Substituting the equations (1) and (2) into equation
(3) gives us a equation as follows,
U w l d = ~ d c +Ublcl
l

Uwlcl= (S, + Sb- 2 X S,) X E/3 (4)

Thus, related to point wl, al, bl and cI(s electric
potential are as follows,
= Ua1,1 -Uwlcl

(5)

U b l w l = U b l c l -Uwid

(6)

UZIWI

UCIWI

In the electric network 0. relative to point c1, al and

bls electric potential are as follows,
U~IG
= (I S a - S b ) x E

Related to c1, wls electric potential is

= Udd

By rearranging equations
get,

(1)

-uwld (7)
(9,(6)

and (7), we can

UdW1=(2xs,-sb-ss,)xw3 (8)

(2)

631

Uda

= (S,

- S,)

XE

(12)

UdwZ = u b 2 w 2 = u c 2 w 2 (I3)

UduQ= (S,

+ S,:

2 X Sw)XE/3 (14)

By synthesis the electric potential of net 0 and net 1,

we can take out the electric potential of the whole net,
U,.=U,1,1

+V,,2-U,,,,

(15)

-u,2,2

Ub2w2 - u v l w l - u u 2 w 2

(16)

Ucw=UCtw
+Uc2w2-Uw~w~
~
-Uw2v,2

(17)

u b v = Ublwl f

By rearranging the equations (15), (16) and (17), we

can obtain the fhree phases voltage of the induction
motor as follows:

U,= [(2S.--b-S,)+(2S.-sS,-s,)]

XE/3

(18)

U k = [(2Sb-Ss,-S~)+(2S,---Ss3]

XE/3

(19)

Sv)] X E/3

(20)

U,

= [(2Sc-Sa-

Sb)+(2SW- S-,

The SPWM (sinusoidal- triangular PWM) strategy

proposed in this paper makes use of 46 vectors from the
64 ones generated by.the dual 2-level inverter feeding
an open-end winding induction motor. By means of
shifting the phase of the caniers, the dv/dt of the phase
voltage of the induction motor could be diminished and
the harmonics in the current are reduced. The following
sections will present the SPWM stratea and the phase
shift method.

Fig.5 We phase voltage ofthe induction motor by simulation

S,,,=l
S,,

As Fig.4 shows, there are two groups' of SPWM

schemes. The results of the comparison are used to
control one of the two inverters. The sinusoidal waves
in the second group have a r[ phase shift relative to the
sinusoidal waves in the first group in order to achieve
maximal voltage output. Also there exists a phase shift
between the triangles of the two groups of SPWM to get
lower dv/dt voltage. The amplitude and the frequency of
the sinusoidal waves in the two groups are equal, so the
voltage output of the inverters is a superposing result of
two PWM inverters.

Sa,b,c= 0 ifUS,Sb.Sc

(22)

u
t
1
3

SV, sw

Ut?. (24)

Fig.5 shows the phase voltage of the induction

motor by simulation. The fiequency of the reference
wave is 50Hz and that of the carrier wave is 2000Hz.
The carrier waves of two inverters has a (3/8)n phase
shift. By applying two sinusoidal voltage waves on the
terminals of the winding of the induction motor, a 9
levels phase voltage could be achieved.

Because the two DC supplies of the inverters are

separate, the neutral points of the two inverters are not
specified. Thus, we have to calculate the instantaneous
phase voltage of the induction motor as follows.
Assuming that the switching states related to the leg a, b,
c, n, v, w are Sa, sb, S,, S,, S,, S, and defined as is
shown in Fig.3 by following equations:
(21)

=O if Us,

By Equ.(21)-(24), we can calculate the phase

voltage of the induction motor fiom the switching states.
All the switching states given by Equ.(21)-(24) can be
represented in Fig.2.

111. SPWM STRATEGY FOR DUAL INVERTER

sa,b,s=l ifUSa,Sb,Sc'Utl,

ifUs~~,~~>
(23)
U~2,

638

The simulation result indicates that with the

proposed SPWM strategy the average number of the
switching-states related to one Space Voltage Vector is
approximately equal, so that the devices work in good
condition.
IV.PHASESHIFTOFTHECAR WAVE
In the SPWM strategy described in this paper, the
two carrier waves for controlling the two inverters
should be shifted in phase with an appropriate angle.
Otherwise, a double level jump may appear in the phase
voltage of the induction motor. As is shown in Fig.6,
the multilevel jump of the phase voltage may create

high dv/dt and increase the THD (Total Harmonic

Distortion) of the current and the torque ripples.

Fig.6 High dvidt in phase voltage without phase shift

.I

<
e
I)
10
32
Pnase S h d orCarricrs(l,<Bm)

I I

IS

Fig.9 Phase ciurent waveform

VI. CONCLUSION
The result of the experiment indicates that the dual
inverter fed open-end,induction motor drive topology
could provide a higher voltage output with the Same
withstand voltage ofthe power device. It is suitable for
the application on high power motor drive. The SPWM
strategy with an appropriate phase shift ofcanier wave
on the dual inverter can make better use of the
numerois Space Voltage Vectors of this topology. The
jump of the voltage is relatively small when the switch
frequency is low. The phase voltage has multilevel
waveform. Thus, the switch kequency could he low and
the THD of the current could he reduced.

18

Fig.7 the THD of phase voltage -phase shifl of Camers c w e

A simulation with the 50Hz reference and the 5!dk

carrier wave gives us the relation between the THD of
the phase voltage and the angle ofphase shift ofthe
carrier wave. Fig7 shows that the THD ofthe phase
voltage is minimal around the phase shift of (3/8)n.
V.

REFERENCES
[l] Donald Graham Holmes, "The General Relationship between

Regula-Sampled Pulse-Width-Modulation and Space Vector

Modulation for Hard Switched Canvmers", IEEE 1992

TAKAHASHI. "High-Pnfarmance Direct Torque
Control of an Induction Motor" , IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
INDUSTRY
APPLICATIONS
.VOL.
?5
,NO.
2 ,MARCHIAPRIL 1989
131 V.T
Somasekhar,
KGopdkumar,
Andre
Pinet,
V.T.Rmganathan, "A Novel PWM Invater Switching Strategy
for a Dual Two-level Inveita Fed Open-end Winding Induction
Motor Drive" , PEDS2001
[4] E.G.Shivakumar. KGopakumar, S.K.Sinha, Andrepage lof 7
Pinet,v.T.Ranganath, "Space vector PWM control of dual
inverter fed open-end wingding induction motor drive", IEEE,
~2001
[5] HStmmler, P.Guggenbach, "Configuration of high power
voltage SOWCC inverter drives", EPE.confl993, pp7-I2

THEEXPERIMENTALRESULTS

[Z]

The SPWM strategy was implemented on a dual

inverter fed open-end winding induction motor drive
system controlled by a TMS320F240 DSP. The phase
voltage and the current are shown in Fig.8 and Fig.9.
The DC link voltage of the inverters is 170V. The
maximal phase voltage is 227V. There are 9 levels in
the phase voltage.

Fig.8 Phase voltage waveform

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ISAO