IIT - Class - XI - Phy - Rotation Motion Own Edition PDF

S T U D Y M A T E R I A L

ROTATIONAL MOTION

IIT-JEE

PHYSICS
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C O N T E N T S
CONTENTS
ROTATIONAL MOTION
1.
Theory
2.
Solved Problems
(Subjective, Objective, Multiple Choice, Passage Based,
Matching , Assertion-Reason)
3.
Assignments
Section - I : Subjective Questions (Level I, Level - II and Level - III)
Section - II : Single Choice Questions
Section - III : Multiple Choice Questions
Section - IV
Passage Based Questions
Matching Type Questions
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
Section - V : Problems Asked in IIT-JEE

4.
Answers
ROTATIONAL MOTION
IIT-JEE-Syllabus
Rigid body, moment of inertia, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, moment of inertia of
uniform bodies with simple geometrical shapes; Angular momentum; Torque; Conservation of
angular momentum; Dynamics of rigid bodies with fixed axis of rotation; Rolling without slipping
of rings, cylinders and spheres Equilibrium of rigid bodies; Collision of point masses with
rigid bodies
RIGID BODIES AND ROTATION

A body with a definite and unchanging shape and size is a rigid body.
In practice such a body does not exist in nature. A real body undergoes changes in shape and size under the
action of external forces. If however, these forces are small enough and we are dealing with solid bodies,
changes in shape or size are small enough. Under these circumstances, we may regard the body as a rigid body.
The motion of a rigid body in three dimensions is, in general, very complicated. The analysis of this motion
can be done in terms of two simple types of motion: translation and rotation, a classification which is based on
the spatial properties of motion. We define these two types of motion:
(a)
Translation:
A rigid body is said to undergo pure
translation if it moves such that all its particles
undergo the same displacement during any
interval of time. The body remains parallel to
itself throughout its motion i.e. a straight line
joining any two particles remains parallel to
itself throughout its motion (see figure). Note
that the motion need not be confined to a
plane, i.e. particles of the body may move out
of the plane and the motion is still translation
so long as it remains parallel to itself.
(b)
A2
B2
A
B
A1
B1
Rotation:
A rigid body is said to undergo pure rotation if
it moves such that its constituent particles
move along circular arcs, the centres of which
lie on a straight line perpendicular to the plane
of the arcs. This straight line is known as the
axis of rotation, and the rigid body is said to
undergo pure rotation about this axis.
Figure : Translation preserves orientation

AB = A2B2 (rigid body)
AB || A2B2 (translation)
ABB2A2 is a parallelogram
JJJJG
JJJG
AA 2 = BB 2 .
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Physics : Rotational Motion
INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES
In the following figures we give two examples: one of translation and one of rotation. One should try to
understand how they fit in with the definitions.
A2
A1
B1
B2
A2
B2
B
B1
A0
A1
A3
A0
B3
B0
B4
A4
AB || A1B1 || A2B2
Figure: Orientation is preserved and therefore the
motion is translation. Note that the circular
motion of A, B take place with centres at A0, B0
respectively: but their centres dont lie on a
straight line perpendicular to the plane of
motion.
Figure: Orientation is not preserved. Note that

particles A and B move along concentric
circles in the same plane. The motion is
rotation about an axis perpendicular to plane
of the paper and passing through
A0 .
The axis of rotation may be fixed in space (stationary axis) or moving (changing in position or direction). In
this chapter, we are going to discuss the rotation of a rigid body about a fixed axis, and also about an axis
which may be moving but without any change in its orientation (pure rolling). The following figures show both
types of rotation:
Figure:
Rotation about a stationary axis: A fixed

pulley with a falling block attached to it by
means of a string.
Figure:
Rotation about a translating axis: A cylinder

rolling on an inclined plane.
The physics of rotational motion may be studied using the following kinematic variables:
(i) orientation, measured by an angular variable,
(ii) the angular velocity, , and,
(iii) the angular acceleration, .
ROTATIONAL KINEMATICS
Let us consider the rotation of a rigid body about a fixed axis, i.e. w.r.t. an axis that is fixed in some arbitrary
frame of reference (not necessarily inertial).
y
We take a convenient point O on this axis, choosing this as our origin and the
axis of rotation itself as the z-axis, we take another pair of axes x and y, forming a
triad of mutually perpendicular lines intersecting at O. Conventionally, the three
axes are chosen so as to form a right handed system of coordinates.
We take a particle, P, of the rigid body in the x-y plane. Since the body undergoes
rotation about the z-axis, the particle P rotates in a circle centred at O with the
radius OP.
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(i)
Angular Position and Displacement: The angle made by OP with the x-axis is denoted by ,
and this specifies the orientation of the rigid body. It is, in general, a function of time. If it is chosen to
be zero at the initial instant, it is referred to as the angular displacement. Angular displacement is a
very important quantity. It is the same for all particles of a rigid body during rotation. Thus the
rotational motion of all the particles of a rigid body may be described using a single angular variable
. It is measured in the anticlockwise sense with respect to the axis of rotation, and its unit is radian.
Angular displacement (or position) is not, in general, a vector quantity as it does not obey the rules of
vector addition. Infinitesimal angular displacements are, however, vectors.
(ii)
Angular Velocity : The average angular velocity, av , is defined as

av =
2 1
t 2 t 1
where, 2 and 1 represent the orientations of the body at times t 2 and t 1 (t 2 > t 1 ) respectively.
The instantaneous angular velocity, is defined by,
= lim
t 0 t
(t + t ) ( t )
d
= lim
=
.
t 0
t
dt
The angular velocity vector may be defined by :
= d n , where n is the unit vector directed along the axis of rotation (in this case : the z-axis).
dt
The angle is measured in the anticlockwise sense, in a plane perpendicular to the vector n , using
the right-hand-screw rule.
(iii)
Angular Acceleration : The average angular acceleration is defined by

G
G
(t 2 ) (t 1 )
G
av =
t 2 t1
G
where (t) represents the instantaneous angular velocity at time t.
The instantaneous angular acceleration is defined using calculus; by the expression:
G
G d
.
=
dt
All the quantities referred to above are defined with respect to an axis fixed in direction.
COMPARISON BETWEEN TRANSLATIONAL AND ROTATIONAL KINEMATICS

The kinematic equations in case of linear and rotational motion are compared in the following table:
L
Linear motion of particle

G
G dr
v =
dt
G
G d
a=
dt
Rotational Motion (fixed axis)
G d
=
n
dt
G
G d
=
n
dt
Motion under uniform acceleration (a = constant, = constant)
v = u + at
= o + t
1 2
1
x = ut + at
= 0t + t 2
2
2
v 2 = u 2 + 2a x
2 = 2 + 2 .
0
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Illustration 1.
A wheel rotates with a constant acceleration of 4.0 rad/s2 starting with an initial angular velocity of
2.0 rad/s. If the wheel starts from rest, how many revolutions will it make in the first 5 seconds?
Solution :
The angular displacement in the first 5 seconds is given by:

1 2
1
t = 2.0 5 + (4.0 rad/s2) (5s)2 = 60 rad.
2
2
The wheel turns by 2 radians in each revolution, the number of revolutions in 5 s is
60
n=
= 9.6 (approx).
2
= 0t +
Illustration 2.
Starting from rest, a fan takes ten seconds to attain the maximum speed of 600 rpm (revolutions per
minute). Assuming constant acceleration, find the time taken by the fan in attaining half the
maximum speed.
Solution :
Let the angular acceleration be . According to the question,
Illustration 3.
Solution :
600 rev/min = 0 + 10.

(i)
Let t be the time taken in attaining the speed of 300 rev/min which is half the maximum.
Then, 300 rev/min = 0 + t.
(ii)
Dividing (i) by (ii), we get,
10
or,
t = 5 s.
2=
t
A body rotates with an angular acceleration which is linearly proportional to its angular
displacement (): = , the proportionality constant being positive. Find the angular
velocity of the body as a function of angular displacement and the angular displacement as a
function of time. It is given displacement as a function of time. It is given that = 0 and
= 0 at t = 0; where 0 = 0 .
It is given that:
=
d d d
d
Now, =
=
=
.
dt
d dt
d
d
= .
d
2
2
= +C 1 .
Integrating, we get,
2
2
For t = 0,
20
2
= 0 +C 1 .
2
2
Using the given condition, C1 = 0
2 = 2
or,
= .
d
To find = (t), we write =
dt
d
=
dt
or,
d
= 0 dt
0
or,
= 0e
or, ln
= t
0
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Illustration 4.
In torsional oscillations, it is observed that the angular acceleration , is proportional to , the

angular displacement but directed opposite: = , = a positive constant. Integrate the above
expression, retaining the arbitrary constants and obtain as a function of time t.
Solution :
This is similar to the previous illustration in that the steps are identical.
d
=
= .
d
Separating variables and integrating,
2
= 2 + C 1, where C1 is the constant of integration.

2
2
20
C1 is written in the form:
.
2
The expression for becomes
2 = ( 02 2 )
= 20 2 .
Taking the positive root (the case with the negative root is being left as an exercise for the student),
we write,
d
= 20 2
dt
d
or,
2 2 = dt
0
or,
Illustration 5.
Solution :
= t + 0 , where 0 is the constant of integration.

0
or,
sin 1
= 0 sin( t + 0 ) .
A body is rotating with an angular retardation proportional to the square of its angular
speed: = b 2 , b > 0.
(a)
(b)
Find its angular speed when it has turned through one complete revolution.
The ratio of the times taken to complete the 1st and the 2nd revolution is
t1 1
= . Find the value of b.
t2 2
(a)
Angular acceleration =
d d d
d
=
=
.
dt
dt dt
d
d
= b 2
d
d
or,
= bd .
Integrating, [ ln ] = [b ]0
ln
= b
0
= 0e b .
For one rotation = 2 , hence from equation (i)
(i)
( )=2 = 0e 2 b .
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(b)
From equation (i),

dt =
d
= 0e b
dt
1 b
d
=
e d
0e b 0
t 1 = e b d =
0
and t 2 =
1
0
1 2 b
(e
1)
0
d=
1 4 b
e 2 b )
(e
0
2 b
t1
1
e
1
= 2 b 2 b
= 2 b .
t 2 e (e
1) e
t1 1
But
= (given)
t2 2
1
1
= 2 b
2 e
or, e 2 b = 2
2 b = ln 2 or, b =
1
ln 2 .
2
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LINEAR AND ANGULAR VARIABLES

Suppose that particle P of a rigid body undergoing pure rotation about an axis n ,
moves from its location P at time t to P at the time t + dt . The distance moved
by P in time dt is,
ds = arc PP'
n
P
d
A
P
= AP .d
where, AP is the distance of P from the axis of rotation; the centre of the circle of
rotation of P being A.
ds = rp d
ds
d
vP =
= rp
= rp .
O
dt
dt
If the origin of coordinates be chosen at some point O on the axis of rotation, then v p can be written after
using the expression, AP = OP sin
vp = OP sin .
G
v p is directed into the plane and while is along the axis, so we can write,
G
JJG G
v P = r P
G
where r p is the position vector of P relative to the origin O, on the axis. This expression gives the velocity of P
with respect to the axis of rotation.
v P = O P sin .
If the direction of the axis of rotation is fixed, we can differentiate with respect to time t, to get the linear
acceleration of P,
JJG
G
G
JJG G
JJG G
d G
JJG d r P
a P =
r P +
= r p + v P ,
dt
dt
JJG
G
where represents the angular acceleration v P and has been defined in the two previous sections.
) (
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The relations v = r and a = r are very useful and their meanings should be clearly understood. Different
particles of the rigid body, have different radii for their circles of rotation, but the same values for & . .
Thus, the tangential speed and the tangential acceleration of different particles are different. For r = 0 i.e., for
the particles on the axis, = r = 0 and a = r = 0, since the particles on the axis do not move at all relative to
the axis itself.
ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS
Kinetic Energy and moment of Inertia:
Suppose that a rigid body is undergoing pure rotation about a fixed axis in an inertial frame of reference, with
an angular velocity . The particles of the rigid body are numbered from 1, 2, 3, ..., n. Let the mass of the ith
particle be given by m i and its distance from the axis of rotation be given by ri, then the speed of the particle is
: v i = ri and its kinetic energy is :
1
1
2
m iv 2i = m i ( r i ) .
2
2
The kinetic energy of the entire body is :
1
K.E = m i (ri )
i 2
K.E. =
ri
mi
1
2 2
m i ri
2 i
1 2
=
I .
2
I = m i ri 2 , is defined as the moment of inertia of the body about the given axis.
=
where
For a discrete distribution, the moment of inertia I, is given by:

I = m i ri 2
i
For continuous mass distribution, the moment of inertia, I, is given by

I = r 2d m
where r is the distance of the mass-element dm from the axis of rotation. The integration is carried out over
the entire mass distribution.
Illustration 6.
A nitrogen molecule which consists of two nitrogen atoms separated by a distance 1.3 10 10 m , has
an average rotational kinetic energy of about 4 10 21 J . Find the moment of inertia of the nitrogen
molecule about its centre of mass and its angular frequency of rotation. Given mass of a nitrogen atom
= 14 u 1u = 1.67 10 27 kg .
Solution :
m = 14 u = 14 1.67 10 27 kg = 2.338 10 26 kg .
The interatomic separation, a = 1.3 10 10 m and the
rotational kinetic energy, KE = 4 10 21 J . The two
atoms are identical, therefore the centre of mass is at a
a
from either atom. Therefore, the moment of
distance
2
inertia of a nitrogen molecule about its centre of mass is
1.3 10 10 m
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Since,
Illustration 7.
Solution :
2
1
ma 2
a
I = 2m =
= 2.338 10 26 1.3 10 10 = 1.98 10 -46 kg m 2 .
2
2
2
1 2
KE = I ,
2
2KE
=
= 6.36 1012 rad s-1 (substituting the values).
I
Three point - masses 2 kg, 3 kg and 7 kg are located at the vertices of an equilateral triangle of side 6
m. What is the moment of inertia of the system about an axis along an altitude of the triangle passing
through the 2 kg mass?
Moment of inertia about altitude AD is
I = m 1 ( distance of m 1 from AD ) + m 2
2
( distance of m 2 from A D )
+m 3 ( distance of m 3 from AD )
= m 1 0 + m 2 ( BD ) + m 3 (CD )
2
m1 = 2kg
6m
a
a
= 0 + m2 + m3
2

2
2
a
62
= ( m 2 + m 3 ) = ( 3 + 7 ) = 90 kg m 2 .
4
4
B
m2 = 3kg
C
m3 = 7kg
Radius of Gyration:
The radius of gyration of a body about a certain axis is given by k, which is related to the moment of inertia I
about the same axis by the relation,
I = mk 2 .
Illustration 8.
Find the radius of gyration of a uniform rod of length A and mass m about an axis passing through
the centre of mass of the rod and making an angle with the rod.
Solution :
The moment of inertia of the rod about the given axis can be easily found by integration :
I=
A
2
2
m
dx ( x sin )
A
1
m A2 sin 2 = m k 2
12
A sin
k =
.
2 3
Parallel axis Theorem :

The moment of inertia of a rigid body about any given axis equals the moment of inertia about a parallel axis
passing through its centre of mass plus the moment of inertia of a particle of equal mass about the given axis :
I axis = I CM + Md 2 .
Parallel axis
Axis of rotation
Mass = M
CM
d
Here, M is the mass of the body and d is the distance between the two axes.
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Illustration 9.
Four solid spheres, each of mass m and radius r are located with their centres on four corners of a
square of side a. What is the moment of inertia of the system about an axis (a) along any diagonal
and (b) along any side of the square?
Solution :
(a)
Refer to the adjacent figure.
The moment of inertia of spheres A and B about their common

2
diameter AB = mr 2 each. Also the moment of inertia of
5
spheres C and D about an axis passing through their centre and
a
parallel to AB =
. From the parallel axis theorem, the
2
moment of inertia of spheres C and D about diagonal AB is
a
m
(b)
2
2
2
1
a
2
2
2
mr 2 + m (CO ) = mr 2 + m
= mr + ma .
5
5
5
2
2
Hence the moment of inertia (MI) of the system of four spheres about diagonal AB is
I AB = MI of C about AB + MI of B about AB
+ MI of C about AB + MI of D about AB.
2
2
2
1
2
1
= mr 2 + mr 2 + mr 2 + ma 2 + mr 2 + ma 2
5
5
5
2
5
2
2
8r
8
= mr 2 + ma 2 = m
+a2 .
5
5
Moment of inertia of sphere A about side AD = moment of inertia of sphere D about

2
side AD = mr 2 . Using the parallel axis theorem, moment of inertia of sphere C
5
2
about AD = moment of inertia of sphere B about AD = mr 2 + ma 2 . Hence the
5
moment of inertia of the system of four spheres about side AD is IAD = MI of A about
AD + MI of D about AD + MI of B about AD + MI of C about AD
8r 2
8
+ 2a 2 .
= mr 2 + 2ma 2 = m
5
5
Perpendicular axis Theorem:

z
The moment of inertia of a plane lamina about an axis perpendicular to

the plane of the lamina is equal to the sum of its moments of inertia about
two mutually perpendicular concurrent axes passing through the plane of
the lamina :
Iz = I x +I y .
x
NOTE
Remember that the perpendicular axis theorem does not apply to three dimensional objects but only to two dimensional
objects or, lamina.
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Table of moments of inertia:

Expression for moment of inertia of bodies of regular shapes about particular axes of rotation:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Shape of body
Axis of Rotation passing through
Circular ring of mass

M and radius R
(i)
Circular disc of mass

M and radius R
Sphere of mass M and

radius R
Cylinder of mass M,
radius R and length L
Expression for Moment of Inertia
centre, perpendicular to plane

of ring
(ii) any diameter
(iii) any tangent in the plane of ring
(iv) any tangent perpendicular to
plane of ring
(i)
centre, perpendicular to plane
of disc
(ii) any diameter
(iii) tangent in the plane of the disc
(iv) tangent perpendicular to plane
of disc
(i)
any diameter
(ii) any tangent plane
(i)
own axis
(ii)
centre perpendicular to length
(iii) end faces and to length

5.
6.
7.
One dimensional rod

of mass M and length
L
Rectangular lamina of
mass M, length L and
breadth B
Rectangular block of
mass
M
and
dimensions as follows:
Length L , breadth B
and height H
(i)
(ii)
centre of rod and to length

one end and to length
(i)
length of lamina and in its

plane
breadth of lamina and in its
plane
(ii)
MR2
(1/2) MR2
(3/2) MR2
2MR2
(1/2) MR2
(1/4) MR2
(5/4) MR2
(3/2) MR2
(2/5) MR2
(7/5) MR2
(1/2) MR2
R 2 L2
M
+
4 12
R 2 L2
M
+
3
4
2
ML /12
ML2/3
MB2/3
ML2/3
(iii) centre of lamina and parallel to

length or breadth in its plane
MB 2
ML 2
or
12
12
(iv)
centre of lamina and to its

plane
L2 + B 2
M
12
(v)
centre of length and to its

plane
L2 B 2
M
+
3
12
(vi)
centre of breadth and to its

plane
centre of block and parallel to
one edge (length of breadth or
height)
L2 B 2
M
+
3 12
(i)
(ii)
end face and parallel to length

or breadth or height of the
block
B2 +H 2
H 2 + L2
M
or M
or
12
12
L2 + B 2
M
12
H 2 B2
L2 H 2
M
+
+
or M
or
12
12
3
3
B 2 L2
M
+
.
3 12
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Illustration 10.
Solution :
1
MR 2 .
2
What is the moment of inertia of the disc about (i) a diameter (ii) an axis tangential to its
circumference?
1
The moment of inertia of the disc about its axis is
MR 2 . Let us consider two
2
perpendicular diameters, one along the x-axis and the other along the y-axis.
Then , I x = I y
(i) According to the theorem of perpendicular axes, the moment of inertia of the disc
about an axis passing through its centre and normal to its plane is given by
1
1
or
or
I x = MR 2 .
IC = I x + I y
MR 2 = 2I x
2
4
(ii) Since the disc is uniform, its centre of mass coincides with its centre. Therefore, the
moment of inertia of the disc about an axis tangential to its circumference is
I t = I CM + Md 2
The moment of inertia of a uniform circular disc of mass M and radius R about its axis is
= I CM + MR 2
1
MR 2 + MR 2
2
3
= MR 2 .
2
Illustration 11.
Find the moment of inertia of an arc of a ring of radius R, given that the arc subtends an angle at the
center of the ring and the mass of the arc is m and the axis is along the line joining center of the ring
and the midpoint of the arc.
Solution :
We take a small element of the arc between the angular

positions and + d, having a mass dm = .R d, where
= mass per unit length. Then, the moment of inertia,
I=
(R sin ) dm
= 2 ( R 2 sin 2 .R ) d
dm
P
= 2R 3 sin 2 d
0
Since,
1
= 2R 3 ( sin ) .
4
m
=
R
1
sin
.
I = mR 2 1

2
Note: The moment of inertia about an axis perpendicular to this axis, lying in the plane of the ring, is
I1=
1
sin
mR 2 1 +
.
2

We obtain this using the perpendicular axis theorem.
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TORQUE
The torque due to a force (or, forces) describes the tendency of the force to cause rotation or alter the state of
G
rotational motion of the body on which it acts. Torque due to a force F acting at A about an axis is given by,
G
G G
= rA F ,
G
where r A is the position vector of the point A where the force F acts on the body. The origin of coordinates is
chosen to lie on the axis. Newtons second law leads to the expression,
=I
where I may be treated like a scalar for symmetric bodies and the axis of rotation is parallel to an axis of
symmetry.
PROBLEM SOLVING TECHNIQUES
The general approach to solving complex problems involving rigid body motion is summarised below.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Draw a Free Body Diagram (FBD).

Select coordinates for describing the motion of each body, and identify the constraints, if any. Include
pseudo-forces in the diagram, if required.
Apply Newtons 2nd Law of motion to each body:
For rotation, take the net torque due to all the forces, about an axis passing through the centre-of-mass
and apply , net = I .
(iv)
(v)
In case of pure rotation, it is convenient to take the net torque about the axis of actual rotation instead of
the centre of mass.
Solve all the equations in steps (ii) and (iii) for the unknown quantities, taking care to perform appropriate
checks.
Use kinematics, if velocities and displacements are required to be found in the problem.
Illustration 12.
Solution :
Two masses m1 = 15 kg and m2 = 10 kg are attached to the

ends of a cord which passes over the pulley of an Atwoods
machine. The mass of the pulley is M = 10 kg and its radius is R
= 0.1 m. Calculate the tension in the cord, the acceleration a of the
system and the number of revolutions made by the pulley at the
end of 2 seconds from the start. There is sufficient friction to
prevent slipping between the cord and the pulley. (Take g = 9.8
m/s2)
T2
m2
m2g
T1
m1
m1g a
The figure shows an Atwoods machine. As the pulley has a finite mass, the two tensions
T1 and T2 are not equal. If a be the linear acceleration of the system, then according to
Newtons laws, we get,
m 1 g T1 = m 1a
(i)
T2 m 2 g = m 2 a
(ii)
Net torque on the pulley in the clockwise direction,
= (T1 T 2 ) R
(iii)
We know that,
Torque = Moment of inertia Angular acceleration
= I
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1
Linear acceleration a
MR 2 and =
= .
2
R
R
where, I =
Torque =
1
a
MR 2
2
R
(iv)
From equation (iii) and (iv), we get
(T1 T2 ) =
1
Ma
2
(v)
Adding equation (i) and (ii) , we have
( m 1 m 2 ) g = ( m 1 + m 2 ) a + (T1 T2 ) .
Substituting the value of (T1 T2 ) from equation (v), we get,
( m1 m 2 ) g = (m1 + m 2 ) a +
1
Ma
2
( m1 m 2 ) g
a=
(vi)
1
m1 + m 2 + M
2
Given that,
m 1 = 15 k g , m 2 = 10 k g and M = 10 kg
( 25 10 ) 9.8
15 + 10 + 5
From equation (i), T1 = m 1 g m 1a = m1 ( g a )

= 15 ( 9.8 1.63 ) = 122.55 N .
From equation (ii), T2 = m 2 ( g + a )
= 10 ( 9.8 + 1.63 ) = 114.3 N .
Angular acceleration = 16.3 radian/s2
=
1
(16.3)( 2 )2 = 32.6 radians.
2
Number of revolutions =
Illustration 13.
32.6
= 5.2.
2
A uniform cylinder of radius R and mass M can rotate freely about a

stationary horizontal axis O (see figure). A thin cord of length A and
mass m is wound on the cylinder in a single layer. Find the angular
acceleration of the cylinder as a function of the length x of the hanging
part of the cord. The wound part of the cord may be supposed to have its
centre of gravity on the cylinder-axis.
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Solution :
Let m ' be the mass of hanging part of the cord.

m
m'= x .
A
Let the cord be descending with an acceleration a. Then
m
m
(i)
xg T = x a
A
A
= TR = I
a
MR 2 m
+ ( A x ) R 2 and =
where I =
A
2
R
MR 2 m
a
TR =
+ (A x ) R 2
A
2
R
M m
+ ( A x ) a
T =
A
2
From equation (i) and (ii) we get

m
M m
m
+ (A x ) a = x
xg
A
A
2
A
mxg
m
M
m
or
+ ( A x ) a .
x +
=
A
2
A A
Solving we get,
mxg
a=
.
1
A m + M
2
or
(ii)
ANGULAR MOMENTUM
Angular momentum of a rigid body undergoing pure rotation about a fixed axis is given by
G
G
L =I
where I is the moment of inertia of the body about the axis of rotation and , its angular velocity. It is related
to torque much like linear momentum is related to force:
G dpG
F =
dt
G
G dL
=
.
dt
G
Angular momentum is a vector quantity and it is directed along , provided I can be treated as a scalar ( i.e.
the rotation is along one of the axes of symmetry).
Angular momentum is conserved if the net torque acting on a body about the given axis is zero. The law of
conservation of angular momentum is frequently used, for example in analysing motion under a central force,
collisions between extended bodies, etc.
Illustration 14.
A symmetrical body is rotating about its axis of symmetry, its moment of inertia about the axis of
rotation being 1 kg-m2 and its rate of rotation 2 rev./sec. (a) What is its angular momentum ? (b)
What additional work will have to be done to double its rate of rotation ?
Solution :
(a)
As the body is rotating about its axis of symmetry, the angular momentum vector
coincides with the axis of rotation.
Angular momentum L = I
(i)
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1 2
I
2
or 2 E = I 2 from which, we get,
Kinetic energy of rotation E =
I=
2IE
(ii)
(iii)
From equation (i) and (ii), L = 2IE
= 2 rev/sec = 2 2 or 4 radian s-1.
1
2
E = 1 ( 4 ) = 82 joules.
2
( 2 IE ) =
Now, L =
=
(b)
Illustration 15.
Solution :
( 2 1 8 )
(16 ) = 4 joule
2
= 12.57 kg .m 2/s.
When the rate of rotation is doubled, i.e,. 4 rev/sec or 8 radians/sec. the kinetic
energy of rotation is given by
1
2
E = 1 ( 8 ) = 322 joules.
2
Additional work required = Final K.E. of rotation Initial K.E. of rotation
= 32 2 82 = 24 2 = 236.8 joules.
A uniform flat disc of mass M and radius R rotates about a

horizontal axis through its centre with angular speed 0 . (a)
What is its kinetic energy? Its angular momentum? (b) A chip
of mass m breaks off the edge of the disc at an instant such that
the chip rises vertically about the point at which it broke off.
How high above the point does it rise before starting to fall? (c)
What is the final angular momentum and energy of the disc.
(a)
The kinetic energy of rotation T R is given by
(b)
1 2
I .
2
1
Here, I = MR 2 and = 0
2
1
TR = M R 2 02 .
2
The angular momentum,
L =I
1
or L = M R 2 0 .
2
We know that
v = r.
v = R 0 .
Here,
If the particle rises to a height h, then
R 2 02
v2
v 2 = 2g h or h =
=
.
2g
2g
If the angular momentum of remainder be LR, then applying the law of conservation
of angular momentum we have
1
L R + m R 2 0 = MR 2 0
2
TR =
(c)
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LR = M m R 2 02 .
2
Similarly, applying the law of conservation of energy, we get

1
1
(TR )R + mR 2 02 = MR 2 02
2
4
1 1
(TR ) R = M m R 2 2 .
2 2
ANGULAR IMPULSE:
The torque due to an impulsive force when integrated over the time of action of the force gives a quantity
known as angular impulse. Mathematically, it is useful in the solution of problems involving impulsive forces
G
G
acting on extended bodies, tending to cause rotation and given as J = dt .
Illustration 16.
Two uniform thin rods A and B of length 0.6 m each and of masses 0.01 kg
and 0.02 kg respectively are rigidly jointed, end to end. The combination is
pivoted at the lighter end P as shown in the figure such that it can freely
rotate about the point P in a vertical plane. A small particle of mass 0.05
kg, moving horizontally strikes the lower end of the combination and sticks
to it. What should be the velocity of the particle so that the system just rises
to a horizontal position?
B
m
Solution :
The situation is shown in figure. Let A be the length of each rod and
m A and m B their respective masses.
The torque about pivot is zero. Therefore angular momentum of the
system is conserved i.e.,
mv ( 2A ) = I
(i)
where I is the moment of inertia of the system about point P and
is the angular velocity of combination just after the collision. Now
we shall calculate the value of I.
A l
Bl
m
Moment of inertia of rod A about P i.e., IA is given by

1
I A = m A A2
3
1
2
= 0.01 ( 0.6 ) = 1.2 10 3 kg-m2.
3
The moment of inertia of rod B about P is
1
3A
m B A 2 + m B (by the theorem of parallel axes)
12
2
28
28
2
m B A2 = 0.02 ( 0.6 )
12
12
= 1.68 10 2 kg-m2.
The moment of inertia of particle about P is
I C = m (A + A) 2 = 4m A2
IB =
Moment of inertia I of the system about P is given by
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I = IA + IB + IC = 9 10-2 kg m2
(ii)
Substituting the value of I in equation (i) we get

0.05v ( 2 0.6 ) = 9 10 2
or
0.05 ( 2 0.6 )
9 10 2
2
v = v
3
(iii)
When the rod moves, the rotational kinetic energy of the system is converted into
gravitational potential energy i.e.,
1 2
I = (m A + m B + m ) g Y CM
(iv)
2
where Y CM is the distance of the centre of mass of system from P. Y CM is given by
or
Y CM =
m A y 1 + m B y 2 + my 3
(m A + m B + m )
Y CM =
0.01 0.3 + 0.02 0.9 + 0.05 1.2

81
=
.
0.01 + 0.02 + 0.05
80
Substituting the values in equation (iv), we get

2
( 0.01 + 0.02 + 0.05) 9.8 81
1
2
9 10 2 v =
.
2
80
3
Solving this equation for v, we get,
v = 6.3 m/s.
Illustration 17.
A uniform rod of mass M and length a lies on a smooth horizontal plane. A particle of mass m moving
a
at a speed v perpendicular to the length of the rod strikes it at a distance
from the centre and stops
4
after the collision. Find (a) the velocity of the centre of the rod and (b) the angular velocity of the rod
after the collision.
Solution :
We take the rod and the particle together as a

single system. As there is no resultant force on the
system as a whole, the linear momentum of the
system will remain constant. Further there is no
resultant external torque on the system and so the
angular momentum of the system about any point
remains constant.
Suppose the velocity of the centre of the rod is V
and the angular velocity about the centre is (see
figure) after the collision.
a/4
(a)
r0
(b)
(a)
The linear momentum before the collision is mv and that after the collision is MV.
Thus,
m
v .
mv = MV , or V =
M
(b)
Consider the angular momentum of the rod plus the particle system about the midpoint of the rod, A. Initially the rod is at rest. The angular momentum of the particle
about A is
a
L = mv .
4
After the collision, the particle comes to rest. The angular momentum of the rod
about A is,
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G G G
G
r0 ||V , r0 V = 0
G G
Thus,
L = Lcm .
Hence the angular momentum of the rod about A is
Ma 2
L =I=
.
12
Mva Ma
3mv
=
or, =
.
Thus,
Ma
4
12
ROTATION AND TRANSLATION

Any general motion of a rigid body involves both translation and rotation. We will not consider all types of
general motion of rigid bodies, only pure rolling.
A body rolls on a surface - for a example, a ball rolls on the ground, a car tyre rolls on the road etc, - in all these
cases
(a)
(b)
The body undergoes rotation.

The point of contact of the body has zero velocity with respect to the surface on which it is undergoing
pure rolling.
ROLLING MOTION
We will, therefore, define pure rolling as follows: A body is said to
undergo pure rolling on a surface if the point of contact of the body has
zero relative velocity with respect to the surface on which it is undergoing
rolling, and for sustained pure rolling, the relative acceleration along the
surface is zero.
In addition, the particle at the point of contact of the rolling body moves
away from the point of contact as rolling continues.
r
v
P
Q
The adjoining figure shows a cylinder rolling on a stationary horizontal surface:

v P = v r
vQ = 0
v PQ = v P v Q = 0 or v = r = 0 .
In addition the tangential relative acceleration.
dv PQ
dv d
= a PQ = 0 =
.r
dt
dt dt
for pure rolling to be sustained.
Kinetic Energy in Rolling Motion:

The kinetic energy of a body undergoing pure rolling is given by the sum of two terms
(a)
(b)
The kinetic energy of translation of the centre of mass.

The kinetic energy of rotation about an axis through the centre of mass.
1
1
2
+ I cm 2
Thus, KE = mv cm
2
2
along with the constraint appropriate for rolling with or without slipping.
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Illustration 18.
A cylinder is released from rest from the top of an incline of inclination and length A . If the
cylinder rolls without slipping, what will be its speed when it reaches the bottom?
Solution :
Let the mass of the cylinder be m and its radius r. Suppose the linear speed of the cylinder
when it reaches the bottom is v. As the cylinder rolls without slipping, its angular speed
about its axis is = v / r . The kinetic energy at the bottom will be
1
1
K = I 2 + mv 2
2
2
11
1
1
1
3
= mr 2 2 + mv 2 = mv 2 + mv 2 = mv 2 .
22
2
4
2
4
This should be equal to the loss of potential energy mg A sin

Thus,
3
mv 2 = mg A sin
4
or,
v =
4
g A sin .
3
FRICTIONAL FORCES ACTING DURING PURE ROLLING

Since the relative velocity at the point of contact between two rolling surfaces is zero, the only type of friction
that may act during pure rolling is static friction. This force acts as a constraint force maintaining rolling.
Illustration 19.
A sphere of mass m rolls without slipping on an inclined plane of inclination . Find the linear
acceleration of the sphere and the force of friction acting on it. What should be the minimum
coefficient of static friction to support pure rolling?
Solution :
Suppose the radius of the sphere is r. The forces acting

on the sphere are shown in figure. They are (a) weight
mg, (b) normal force N and (c) friction f.
Let the linear acceleration of the sphere down the plane

mg
be a. The equation for the linear motion of the centre of
mass is
mg sin f = ma
(i)
As the sphere rolls without slipping, its angular acceleration about the centre is a/r. The
equation of rotational motion about the centre of mass is,
2
a
fr = mr 2
5
r
2
f = ma
(ii)
or,
5
From (i) and (ii),
5
2
a = g sin
and f = m g sin .
7
7
The normal force is equal to mg cos as there is no acceleration perpendicular to the
incline. The maximum friction that can act is, therefore, mg cos , where is the
coefficient of static friction. Thus, for pure rolling
2
mg cos mg sin
7
2
tan .
or,
7
2
The minimum coefficient of static friction to support pure rolling = tan .
7
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Illustration 20.
A force F acts tangentially at the highest point of a sphere of mass m kept on a rough horizontal plane.
If the sphere rolls without slipping, find the acceleration of the centre of the sphere.
Solution :
The situation is shown in figure. As the force F rotates the

sphere, the point of contact has a tendency to slip towards
left so the static friction on the sphere will act towards right.
Let r be the radius of the sphere and a be the linear
acceleration of the centre of the sphere. The angular
a
acceleration about the centre of the sphere is = , as there
r
is no slipping. For the linear motion of the centre
F + f = ma
F
f
(i)
and for the rotational motion about the centre,

2
a
Fr fr = Ia = mr 2
5
r
2
F f = ma
(ii)
or,
5
From (i) and (ii),
7
10F
2F = m a
or,
a=
.
7m
5
Rolling on a Horizontal Surface:

If a body is undergoing pure rolling on a flat horizontal surface, and no additional forces (or torques) are acting
on it except contact forces and gravity (weight), no frictional force acts upon the body.
v c = r = constant
F f = 0 (no friction)
On the other hand, if a force F acts on the body the conditions to be satisfied are
(i)
For Linear Motion

F Ff = m
(ii)
For Rotation
dv c
.
dt
d
dt
b
k2 d
F + Ff = m 2
r
or,
r
r dt
and the equation of the constraint v c = r .
F .b + F f r = I
b /r k 2 /r 2
After solving we get, F f =
2
2
1+ k / r
where k = the radius of gyration and it is assumed that the centre of mass coincides with the
geometrical centre of the body.
Rolling on an inclined plane:

It is clear from the above discussion that the direction and magnitude of friction are determined by forces and
torques acting on the body, other than contact forces.
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If the body rolls on an inclined plane of inclination , then one can write :
dv
F + m g sin F f = m c
dt
d
d
F .b + F f r = I
= mk 2
dt
dt
2
b
mk d
F + Ff = 2
r .
or,
r
r dt
Using the constraint, v c = r , we get
2
k2 b
F 2 k mg sin
r r2
r
Ff =
+
.
2
k
k2
1+ 2
1+ 2
r
r
2
k
2
If F = 0, F f = r 2 mg sin , acting backward.
k
1+ 2
r
Note that this expression does not depend on whether the body rolls up or down the inclined plane. On the
other hand if it is not clear in a certain situation as to whether it is the case of pure rolling or not, it is usually
advisable to assume that pure rolling occurs. One should apply the rolling constraint and calculate the force of
friction, and the normal reaction as well. The magnitude of the force of static friction always satisfies:
F f = s N
where s is the coefficient of static friction between the two surfaces.
FRICTION AND ROLLING
(a)
Pure rolling and static friction go hand-in-hand. If pure rolling occurs, there is no relative velocity between the surfaces at
the point of contact and therefore, only static friction may act between the bodies.
It does not necessarily reach its limiting value. The correct expression is:
F fr s N
where
F fr
(i)
represents the force of static friction, N, the normal reaction, and
, the coefficient of static friction between
the surfaces.
If it is known that pure rolling occurs,
F fr
and N should be treated as unknown quantities which must be calculated from
Newtons laws. Equation (i) then provides a consistency check for the problem.
(b)
Another question that is frequently asked, quite often at the point where the FBD is being drawn, is the direction of the
force of static friction.
The answer is: assume it to be an unknown vector i.e. let its component along the surface, along the chosen direction, be
F fr . If F fr > 0 as a result of the solution, the choice previously made is correct, otherwise it needs to be reversed.
(c)
If it is known that the surfaces are sliding, friction is kinetic and its direction is such as to oppose relative velocity between
the surfaces. Its magnitude is k N .
(d)
In problems where it is not clear as to whether friction is static or kinetic, a safe method is to assume that it is static solve
accordingly and check for consistency:
If the check fails for a set of surfaces/bodies, assume that
F fr
is kinetic, i.e.
F fr
k N
but along the proper direction
that emerged as a result of the previous solution (static assumption). The process is repeated till the result is found to be
consistent.
(e)
Are there any shortcuts?

No, there arent any universal shortcuts. A shortcut may work in a few simple cases, but it would fail in other cases. It is
best to avoid these.
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(f)
There do exist problems which cannot be solved entirely on the basis of Newtons laws alone, with or without constraints.
Most of these problems are outside the purview of the syllabus.
(g)
In case you have been left wondering about rolling friction, we will tell you only this: we have ignored it because it is
not so large as to be of much consequence here.
INSTANTANEOUS AXIS OF ROTATION

A rigid body that is in motion in general, undergoes a combination of translation and rotation. Rolling motion,
for example, is a combination, of translation and rotation. For such motion, the axis of rotation changes in
position and /or orientation.
The instantaneous velocity of any particle, P, of the rigid body, can be written as:
G
G G G
v P = v 0 + rP
G
G
where v 0 is the velocity of the origin, located on the axis of rotation, and rP is the position vector of the
G
particle P about O. Here, is the angular velocity of rotation of the rigid body about the given axis.
It can be proved that, for any moving rigid body, there exists a straight line passing through the body, for
which, the velocity of the particles lying on it is zero. This line is known as the instantaneous axis of rotation,
because the instantaneous velocity of any particle of the body, may be written in the form:
G
G G
v P = rP
G
where rP is the position vector of this particle with respect to a point on this line.
This line, therefore, can be regarded as an axis of rotation; but only for an instant.
Illustration 21.
A cylinder of radius r undergoes pure rolling on a flat horizontal surface with a speed v, as shown in
the figure. Take the x-axis in the direction of motion of the cylinder, the y-axis vertically upward and
the z-axis out of the plane of the paper. Find the instantaneous axis of rotation.
Solution :
The angular velocity of rotation of the cylinder is

= v / r , clockwise about an axis passing through
the centre of mass of the cylinder.
P
x
v
O
The velocity of any particle, P, is given by :
G
G
g
v P = v i + k rP
JJJG
G
where r P = OP
G v G JJJG
G
i.e.
v P = v i k OP .
r
Let Q be the point through which the axis of rotation passes. Thenv Q = 0 (by definition).
Using the expression given above,
G v G JJJJG
G
v Q = 0 = v i k O Q
r
G G JJJJG
or,
ri = k OQ
JJJJG
JJJJG
G
|OQ | = r , and OQ = r j ;
( )
which is the position vector of the particle in contact with the ground.
The line of contact between the cylinder and the flat surface on which it rolls serves as
the axis of rotation at any instant.
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ANGULAR MOMENTUM, TORQUE AND KINETIC ENERGY

For a rigid body undergoing translation as well as rotation, the total angular momentum can be written as the
sum of two parts:
(a)
(b)
The angular momentum associated with centre of mass

motion, i.e. the angular momentum obtained by
regarding the body as a single particle located at its
centre of mass (orbital angular momentum).
The angular momentum associated with rotation of the
body about an axis passing through the centre of mass
(spin).
G
G
G
G
Laxis = rc m p cm + Lc m ,axis
If we apply the result stated above to the body moving
as show in the diagram,
G
G
G
L n = rcm mv c m + ( I cm ) n '
r cm
axis
v cm
mass = m
M.I. = Icm
where n , n ' , are parallel unit vectors in the same direction; the vector n ' passing through the centre of
mass.
ROTATIONAL WORK AND POWER:

For a rigid body undergoing translation as well as rotation, the work done by all forces is given by
JJG G
(i)
W net = F i .d r i
i
JJG
G
G
where, each force F i acts at the point with position vector ri and d r i represents the infinitesimal
G
displacement of the point of application of the ith force (i.e. the change in ri ).
The motion of the rigid body can be studied equally well by studying the motion in terms of the translation of
the centre of mass and rotation about the centre of mass. The velocity of any particle i is given by the well
known relation:
G
JG
JJG JJG
v i = v cm + R i
(ii)
JJG
where R i represents the position vector of the ith particle with respect to the centre of mass.
The expression (i) can be simplified as follows:
JJG G
dW net = F .d r i
i
G
G
JG JJG
G G
dri
= F v cm + R i dt, since v i =
dt
i
JJG G
JJG JJG JJG
= F .v cm dt + F i .( R i ) dt
JJG
JJG
JJG JJG JJG
= F net . d R cm + R i F i . d t .
i
Integrating this we get,

JJG
JJG
JG JJG
G G
W net = F net . d R cm + net .d , where d = d t .
JJG
JJG
JG
JJG JJG
Here F net = F i is the net force acting on the body, and net = R i F i , represents the net torque acting
i
on the body about the centre-of-mass.

The first term alone does not give the total work done by all the forces acting on the body.
23
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Illustration 22.
Solution :
A uniform solid cylinder of mass m and

radius r undergoes pure rolling on a
horizontal plane under the action of a
horizontal force F pulling it at its topmost
point as shown in the adjoining diagram. If
the cylinder is displaced by x, what is the
work done by F? Find the work done by
friction as well.
The work done in translation is,

JJG
JJG
F net d R c m = (F F fr ).x
(i)
The work done during rotation is

( F + Ffr ).r .d
(F
(F
or
+ F fr ). rd
or
+ F fr ) .x
The net work done is:
W net = W tran +W rot
(ii)
= ( F F fr ) x + ( F + F fr ) x
= 2 F .x
= F . ( 2x )
The net work done by friction is zero, as static friction is a constraint force.
The net work done by all forces is F .( 2 x ) .
Illustration 23.
Solution :
Find the angular momentum of a solid cylinder undergoing

both translation and rotation, about the point A, as shown in
the figure. The mass of the cylinder is m, its radius is r, and it
is not necessarily undergoing pure rolling.
O v
P
Horizontal
surface
L A = mv .OP + L cm
1
mr 2
2
(the plus sign is due to the fact that both terms are clockwise).
A similar expression applies for Torque. The torque is given by (referring to previous
figure):
G
G
G
G
G
Taxis = rcm F net + i F i
= mvr +
G
where i is the position vector of each particle relative to the centre-of-mass of the rigid
body.
Illustration 24.
Referring to the previous illustration, find the kinetic energy of the cylinder.
Solution :
K .E =
1
11
mv 2 + mr 2 2
2
22
1
1
mv 2 + mr 2 2 .
2
4
24
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SOLVED SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS

Problem 1.
A particle of mass m is projected at time t = 0 from a point P with a speed v 0 at an angle of 45 to the
horizontal. Find the magnitude and the direction of the angular momentum of the particle about the
point P at time t.
Solution:
Let us take the origin at P, x-axis along the horizontal

and y-axis along the vertically upward direction as
shown in figure.
For horizontal motion during the time 0 to t,

v x = v 0 cos 450 =
and
x =v xt =
v 0t
2
v0
2
For vertical motion,

v y = v 0 sin 450 gt =
and
y = (v 0 sin 450 )t
=
v0
2
gt
1 2
gt
2
v0
1
t gt 2 .
2
2
The angular momentum of the particle at time t about the origin is
) (
L = r p = xi + yj m v x i + v y j
=
mv 0
2 2
gt 2 k
where. i j = k , which is out of the paper.

mv 0
gt 2 in the negative z-direction i.e.,

2 2
perpendicular to the plane of motion, going into the plane.
Thus, the angular momentum of the particle is
Problem 2.
Solution:
A small solid sphere of mass 1 kg and radius 0.2 metre rolls

down along a track shown in figure, without slipping. Find the
height h above the base, from which it has to start rolling down
the incline, such that the sphere just completes the vertical
circular loop of radius 1 metre.
A
r
R
The situation is shown in figure. Let m and r be the mass and radius of solid sphere. When the
sphere reaches the point A , it descends through a vertical distance ( h 2 R + r ) , where R is
the radius of circular loop. At A , the loss of potential energy
= mg ( h 2R + r )
(i)
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Total kinetic energy of the sphere at A

= K.E. of the rotation + K.E. of translation of sphere
1 2 1
I + mv 2
2
2
2
12
v 1
= mr 2 2 + mv 2
25
r 2
=
7
mv 2
10
(ii)
For just completing the vertical circular loop

mv 2
= mg
(R r )
or
v 2 = (R r ) g .
7
mv 2
10
7
= m (R r ) g .
10
Now total kinetic energy of sphere at A =
Loss of potential energy = gain of K.E.

mg ( h 2R + r ) =
7
m (R r ) g .
10
Solving we get,
17
27
h = R r
10
10
substituting the given values, we get
17
27
h = 1 0.2 = 1.36 m .
10
10
Problem 3.
Calculate the kinetic energy of a tractor crawler belt (see figure) of

mass m if the tractor moves with velocity v. There is no slipping. The
dimensions of the wheels are as shown in the figure.
v
D
Solution:
The velocity of the centre of mass of the tractor wheel is v .

velocity of the lower part of the belt in contact with the ground is
= v v = 0 .
Velocity of the upper part between the two wheels is = v +v = 2v
Suppose that the mass of the upper portion of the belt AB between the two wheels is m1 and
the total mass of the portion of the belt in contact with the wheels between BC and DA is m2.
The total mass of the belt is:
( 2m 1 + m 2 ) .
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The kinetic energy (KE) of the belt

= KE of AB + KE of CD + KE of BC + KE of DA
=
1
m 1 ( 2v
2
1
1
v
+ 0 + m 2v 2 + m 2 R 2 .
2
2
R
= 2m 1v 2 + m 2v 2
= mv 2 .
Problem 4.
A cylinder of mass m is suspended through two strings wrapped

around it as shown in figure. Find (a) the tension T in the string and
(b) the speed of the cylinder as it falls through a distance h.
T
mg
Solution:
The portion of the strings between the ceiling and the cylinder is at rest. Hence the points of
the cylinder where the strings leave it are at rest. The cylinder is thus rolling without slipping
on the strings. Suppose the centre of the cylinder falls with an acceleration a. The angular
a
acceleration of the cylinder about its axis is = , as the cylinder does not slip over the
r
strings.
The equation of motion for the centre of mass of the cylinder is
mg 2T = ma
(i)
and for the motion about the centre of mass, it is
or,
1
1
2Tr = mr 2 = mra
2
2
1
2T = m a
2
(ii)
From (i) and (ii),

a=
mg
2
.
g and T =
6
3
As the centre of the cylinder starts moving from rest, the velocity after it has fallen through a
distance h is given by
2
v2 = 2 g h
3
4 gh
.
3
A solid spherical rotor of radius 30 cm and weight W is
connected to a link AB and freely rotates about B with angular
velocity 60 radian/second. If the rotor is suddenly allowed to rest
on a vertical wall, what time will elapse before it comes to rest?
The coefficient of friction between the wall and the rotor is 0.25
and inclination of link with respect to the vertical is 15.
Problem 5.
v =
A
T
15 o
or,
r
C
B
W +R
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Solution:
In the figure, R is the normal reaction at C and T is the tension in AB . The rotor has no
motion whether horizontal or vertical.
Here T cos75o = R and T sin 75o =W + R
W + R W + 0.25R
=
R
R
Solving, we get R = 0.29W
tan 750 =
Moment of inertia, I =
2
2W 2
Mr 2 =
r
5
5 g
torque
Moment of inertia
(R ) r 5 gR
=
Retardation =
2 W 2 2r W
. .r
5 g
Angular acceleration, a =
where ( R ) r
= Frictional torque
5 0.25 9.8 0.29W

2 0.3 W
= 5.92 rad/sec2.
Time taken by the rotor to come to rest
= 0 + t
or,
0 = 60 5.92t
t = 10.13 sec.
So, retardation =
Problem 6.
Solution:
A round cone with half-angle = 30 and the radius of the base R = 10

cm rolls uniformly without slipping over a horizontal plane. The apex is
hinged at the point O (see figure) which is at the same level as the point
C, the centre of the base. The velocity of the point C is v = 10 ms 1 .
Find (a) the angular velocity vector of the cone and the angle it forms
with the vertical and (b) the angular acceleration vector.
(a)
O
C
There are two angular motions of the cone; one in the horizontal plane with angular
v
where R cot = radius of the circle in which C moves. The
velocity 1 =
R cot
direction of this vector is upward. The other angular velocity 2 is about its own axis.
Since it rolls without slipping, v = 2 R 2 =
v
. The direction of this vector is
R
horizontal and towards O .

v2 v2
v
+ tan 2 = tan
R R
R
Let be the angle made by the resultant with the vertical. Then
tan = 2 = cot = cot 300 = 3

1
result = 12 + 22 =
= 600 .
(b)
There is no change in 1 either in magnitude or direction

and hence, the angular acceleration corresponding to 1
is zero. There is no change in the magnitude of 2 but
there is change in its direction. = angle through
which the axis OC rotates in the horizontal plane 1 t .
2 +
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change in angular velocity = 2 = 2 1 t
Problem 7.
12 t
= 1 2
t
2 =
res = 12 =
v2
v
v
= 2 tan .
R cot R R
Two horizontal discs rotate freely about a common vertical axis passing through their centres. The
moments of inertia of the discs relative to there axis are equal to I1 and I 2 , and their angular velocities
are 1 and 2 . The upper disc falls on the lower disc and after some time, both discs begin to rotate as a
single body due to friction. Find
Solution:
(a)
the steady state angular velocity of the discs, and
(b)
the work performed by the frictional forces in the process.
(a)
Since there is no external torque on the system consisting of both the discs, angular
momentum of the system is conserved.
I 11 + I 2 2 = ( I 1 + I 2 ) f
(b)
f =
I 11 + I 2 2
I1 + I 2
Work done by frictional forces = change in kinetic energy of the system

W fric tio n = change in kinetic energy = Tf Ti
W fr =
or,
1
1
1
( I 1 + I 2 ) f 2 I 112 + I 2 22
2
2
2
(I + I ) 1
1
= ( I 1 + I 2 ) 1 1 2 22 ( I 1 12 + I 2 22 ) .
2
2
(I 1 + I 2 )
2
1 ( I 11 + I 2 2 ) 1
( I 112 + I 2 22 )
2
2
I1 + I 2
2
W fr =
I 1I 2
( 1 2 ) 2 .
2(I 1 + I 2 )
which is very similar to the expression for a perfectly inelastic collision.

Problem 8.
A uniform sphere of mass m and radius R starts rolling without slipping down an inclined plane. Find
the time dependence of the angular momentum of the sphere relative to the initial point of contact. How
will the result be affected in the case of a perfectly smooth inclined plane? Here, = angle of inclination
of the plane.
Solution:
Let O be the initial point of contact.
For linear motion , we write,

mg sin f fr = mac m .
For rotation,
or,
sin
mg
v cm
a
= f fr R = I , where = c m
R
I
mg sin
= mac m
R
Ia
mg sin c 2m = mac m
R
ffr
mg
mg cos
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or,
or,
mg sin = m + 2
R
mg sin t
v cm =
.
I
m+ 2
R
I dv c m
ac m = m + 2
R
dt
Using the expression for angular momentum ( L axis = L spin + L orbital )

Iv c m
+ mv cm R
R
I mg sin t
I
L0 = v cm R m + 2 =
R m + 2
I
R
R
m+ 2
R
= ( mg sin ) Rt .
L 0 = Lc m + mv c m R = I + mv c m R =
If the plane is perfectly smooth, there is no rotation.
Problem 9.
Solution:
L0 = mv cm R = mg sin Rt .
A truck, initially at rest with a solid cylindrical paper roll,

moves forward with a constant acceleration a. The cylinder roll
is lying parallel to the forward edge of the truck at a distance d
from the rear edge of the truck. Find the distance s which the
truck travels before the paper roll moves off the edge of its
horizontal surface. Friction is sufficient to prevent slipping
between the paper and the truck.
Let a r be the acceleration of the cylinder relative to truck.

The different forces acting on the cylinder are shown in
fig. Here,
ma f = ma r
ar
ma
(i)
1
mr 2
2
ar = r
f .r =
(ii)
(iii)
From equation (i),

2a
a
or,
or ,
a r = ar
ar =
3
2
1 2a
1 2
d = t 2
Now
s = ut + at
2 3
2
where t is the time required to cover the distance d.

3d
t =
a
The distance traveled by the truck relative to ground before the paper rolls off is given by
1
1 3d 3d
.
s = at 2 = a
=
2
2
2 a
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Problem 10.
A uniform sphere of mass m and radius r rolls without slipping down from the top of a larger fixed sphere
of radius R. Find the angular momentum acquired by smaller the sphere about the centre of the larger
sphere as well as its K.E. at the moment when it breaks off from the larger sphere. The initial velocity of
the sphere is negligible.
Solution :
The centre of mass of the sphere moves in a vertical circle of

radius ( R + r ) .
Considering the dynamics of circular motion of the centre of
mass of the sphere
mg cos N =
mv 2
R +r
when it breaks off N = 0

At the point where the smaller sphere breaks off,
mg cos =
m 2 r 2
.
R +r
(v
= r )
Since friction is static and gravity is conservative (other forces being constraint forces),
mechanical energy is conserved.
or
or
1
1
mg ( R + r ) = mg ( R + r ) cos + mv 2 + I 2
2
2
7
m g ( R + r ) = mg ( R + r ) cos + m 2 r 2
10
7
m g ( R + r ) = m 2 r 2 + m 2 r 2
10
10 ( R + r )
g
.
17
r2
The angular momentum of the sphere is
L = L orbital + I
or
2
= mv ( R + r ) + mr 2
5
2
= m r ( R + r ) + m r 2
5
7
= m r R + r
5
10
7
g (R + r ) R + r .
17
5
Kinetic energy of the sphere is

1
1
K.E.
= mv 2 + I 2
2
2
1
12
= mr 2 2 +
mr 2w 2
2
25
7
7
10 ( R + r )
= mr 2 2 = mr 2 . g
10
10
17
r2
7
= mg( R + r ) .
17
=m
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NARAYANA
SOLVED OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS

Problems 1.
A solid body rotates with deceleration about a stationary axis with an angular deceleration = k ;
where k is a constant and is the angular velocity of the body. If the initial angular velocity is 0 , then
mean angular velocity of the body averaged over the whole time of rotation is
0
(b)
(a) 0
2
(c)
Solution :
0
3
0
4
(d)
d
= k 1/ 2
dt
t
d
= k dt
1/
2
0
0
2 = kt
0
2 0 2 = kt
2 = 2 0 kt ;
= 0 kt
2
The body comes to a stop ( = 0 ) in time

t0 =
2 0
k
kt
Further = 0
2
= 0 +
t0
Since av =
0
t
0
k 2t 2
kt 0
4
dt
0
dt
0t 0 +
t2
k 2 t 03
k 0 0
4 3
2
t0
av = 0 +
2
t
k 2 t0
k 0 . 0
4 3
2
av = 0 +
k 2 40 k 0 2 0
12 k 2
2k
av = 0 +
0
0
3
av
Ans.
0
.
3
(c)
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Problems 2.
A uniform wheel of moment of inertia I is pivoted on a horizontal axis

through its centre so that its plane is vertical as shown in the figure. A small
mass m is stuck on the rim of the wheel as shown. The angular acceleration of
the wheel when mass is at point A is A and when mass is at point B is B .
Then
B
B
= sin
(b)
= sin 2
(a)
A
A
(c)
Solution :
B
= cos
A
B
= cos2
A
(d)
(c)
A centrifuge consists of four solid cylindrical containers, each of

mass m at radial distance r from the axis of rotation. A time t is
required to bring the centrifuge to an angular velocity from rest
under a constant torque applied to the shaft. The radius of each
container is a and the mass of the shaft and the supporting arms is
small compared to m. Then
(a) t =
(c)
4mr 2
t=
(b)
2ma 2
t=
t=
(d)
2m (a 2 + 2r 2 )
2m r 2 + 2a2
L = t
Problems 4.
B I B b cos
=
=
= cos .
b
A I A
Ans.
Solution :
The torque due to the weight of m at A is A and that when it is at B is B
Problems 3.
4 mr 2 + ma 2
2
t =
t =
Ans.
(b)
2m ( a 2 + 2r 2 )
One quarter sector is cut from a uniform disc of radius R. This sector has mass
M. It is made to rotate about a line perpendicular to its plane and passing
through the center of the original disc. Its moment of inertia about the axis of
rotation is
1
1
MR 2
(b)
MR 2
(a)
2
4
(c)
1
MR 2
8
2 MR 2 .
(d)
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Solution :
If we assume complete disc to be present, then it would have a mass 4 times the mass of the
sector. Then, moment of inertia of the complete disc is
I disc =
Problems 5.
Now,
I sector =
I disc
4
I sector =
1
MR 2 .
2
Ans.
(a)
Let I be the moment of inertia of a uniform square plate about an axis AB that passes through its centre
and is parallel to two of its sides. CD is a line in the plane of the plate that passes through the centre of
the plate and makes an angle with AB. The moment of inertia of the plate about the axis CD is then
equal to
(a) I
(b) I sin 2
I cos2
(c)
Solution :
1
1
M disc R 2 = ( 4 M sector ) R 2
2
2
(d) I cos2
2
I AB = I A ' B ' = I and I CD = I C ' D '
If I 0 be the moment of inertia of the square plate about an axis

passing through O and perpendicular to the plate, then by the
perpendicular axis theorem
or
I 0 = I AB + I A ' B ' = 2I AB
.... (1)
I 0 = I CD = I C ' D ' = 2I CD
.... (2)
B
D
From ((1) and (2))
I CD = I AB = I .
Ans.
Problems 6.
A disc of mass M and radius R is rolling with angular speed on a

horizontal plane as shown in the figure. The magnitude of angular
momentum of the disc about the origin O is
1
(a) MR 2
(b) MR 2
2
(c)
Solution :
(a)
3
2
MR
2
(d) 2MR 2
The angular momentum of a body L may be expressed as the sum of two parts,
(a) one arising from the motion of the centre of mass of the body L orbital
)
(
(b) the other from the motion of the body with respect to its centre of mass L spin
ie., Lto tal = LC .M + rC .M p

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Lto tal = LC .M . + M ( rC .M v C .M
For this problem

LC .M = I =
1
MR 2 and
2
M ( rC .M v C . M ) = MRv CM = MR ( R )
M rC .M VC .M = MR 2
Lto tal =
Ans.
Problems 7.
(c)
A thin wire of length L and uniform linear mass density is bent into a
circular loop with centre at O as shown in the figure. The moment of
inertia of the loop about the axis XX' is
L3
L3
(b)
(a)
8 2
16 2
(c)
Solution :
1
3
M R 2 + MR 2 = MR 2
2
2
5L3
16 2
90
3L3
82
(d)
Mass of the loop = M = L

Further if r is the radius of the loop, then
2 r = L
L
r =
2
3
Moment of inertia about XX' is I = M r 2
2
3
2
L
3L
3
=
.
I = (L )
2
2
82
2
Ans.
Problems 8.
(d)
A uniform solid cylinder of mass M and radius R is resting on a horizontal platform (which is parallel to
X-Y plane) with its axis along the Y-axis and free to roll on the platform. The platform is given a motion
in X-direction given by x = A cos t . There is no slipping between the cylinder and the platform. The
maximum torque acting on the cylinder as measured about its centre of mass
1
MRA2
(b) MRA2
(a)
2
(c)
Solution :
2mRA2
=I=
mRA 2 cos 2 t
(d)
1
linear acceleration
MR 2
2
R
acceleration = 2 A sin t or ( linear acceleration )max = 2 A
( )max =
Ans.
(a)
1 MR 2 2 1
= MRA 2 .
2
R
2
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Problems 9.
A metal ball of mass m is put at the point A of a loop track and

the vertical distance of A from the lower most point of track is 8
times the radius R of the circular part. The linear velocity of ball
when it rolls of the point B to a height R in the circular track will
be
(a)
[10gR ]
(c)
7 gR
5
8R
B
R
1/ 2
gR
(b) 7
10
1/ 2
1/ 2
Solution :
[5gR ]
1/ 2
(d)
Applying the conservation of energy at points A and B, we have

mg ( 8R ) =
mg ( 8R ) =
or
=
mv 2 1 2
+ I + mgR
2
2
2
mv 2 1 2
v
+ mR 2 + mgR
2
25
R
7
mv 2 + mgR
10
mg ( 8R R ) =
7
mv 2
10
[10gR ]1/ 2 .
Ans.
Problems 10.
A uniform solid cylinder of mass m can rotate freely about its axis which is kept horizontal. A particle of
mass m 0 hangs from the end of a light string wound round the cylinder. When the system is allowed to
move, the acceleration with which the particle descends is
2m 0 g
2m 0 g
(b)
(a)
m 0 + 2m
m + 2m 0
(c)
Solution :
(a)
m0g
m + m0
2mg
m + 2m 0
(d)
Suppose that the tension in the string is T.

Then,
= m 0 g T = m 0 a
T = m0 (g a )
where
T
a
a = acceleration
m.g
Further, T .r = I
= angular acceleration and T.r = moment of force acting on cylinder
or T =
I
r
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mr 2 mr ma
=
=
=
2
2
2 r
2T 2 m 0 ( g a )
=
m
m
Solving for a, we get
2m 0 g
a =
.
m + 2m 0
Problems 11.
a=
Ans.
(b)
The torque on a body about a given point is found to be A L where A is a constant vector and L
is angular momentum of the body about that point. From this it follows that
dL
(a)
is perpendicular to L at all times.
dt
(b) the component of L in the direction of A does not change with time.
(c) the magnitude of L does not change with time.
(d) L does not change with time.
Solution :
Due to law of conservation of angular momentum, L = constant

i.e. L .L = constant
or,
d
L .L = 0
dt
or, 2 L .
dL
=0
dt
or, L
dL
.
dt
Since = A L
dL
= A L
dt
i.e.
dL
must be perpendicular to A as well as L .
dt
Further the component of L along A is
d
dL
dA
+L.
=0
A .L = A .
dt
dt
dt
A .L
. Also
A
dL
dA
and
= 0
A
dt
dt
or, A . L = constant
i.e.
A .L
= x = constant .
A
dL
( or ) is perpendicular to L , hence it cannot change magnitude of L but can
dt
surely change direction of L .
Ans.
(a), (b), (c)
Since
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Problems 12.
A particle of mass m is projected with velocity v making an angle of 450 with the horizontal. The
magnitude of the angular momentum of the projectile about the point of projection when the particle is at
its maximum height h is
mv 3
(a) zero
(b)
4 2g
(c)
Solution :
mv 3
(d) m 2 gh 3
2g
L = mv x h
L = m (v cos 45 )
L=
v 2 sin 2 45
2g
mv 3
4 2g
Further L = m v x h
Problems 13.
Solution :
L = m (v cos 45 ) h o
But h =
v 2 sin 2 450
2g
v = 2 gh
L=
L = m 2 gh 3 .
Ans.
(b) (d)
mv
2
2 gh h
A constant force F is applied at the top of a ring as shown in

figure. Mass of the ring is M and radius is R. Angular
momentum of particle about point of contact at time t
(a) is constant
(b) increases linearly with time
(c) is 2F R t
(d) decreases linearly with time
From angular impulse = change in angular momentum

we have L = t
or L = F(2R ) t
i.e., L varies linearly with time.
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Problems 14.
A spherical body of radius R rolls on a horizontal surface

with linear velocity v. Let L1 and L2 be the magnitudes of
angular momenta of the body about centre of mass and point
of contact P. Then
v
P
Solution :
(a) L2 = 2L1 if radius of gyration K = R
(b) L2 = 2L1 for all cases
(c) L2 > 2L1 if radius of gyration K < R
(d) L2 > 2L1 if radius of gyration K > R
L1 = I = MK 2
(1)
L 2 = I + MRv
= MK 2 + MR (R )
(as v = R )
= M ( K 2 + R 2 )
(2)
From equations (1) and (2), we can see that

L2 = 2 L1
when K = R
and L2 > 2L1
when K > R
Problems 15.
A hollow sphere of radius R rests on a horizontal surface of finite

coefficient of friction. A point object of mass m moved horizontally
and hits the sphere at a height of R/2 above its center. The collision
is instantaneous and completely inelastic. Which of the following
is/are correct ?
(a) total linear momentum of the system is not conserved
(b) total angular momentum about center of mass of the system remains conserved
(c) the space gets finite angular velocity immediately after collision
(d) The sphere moves with finite speed immediately after collision
Solution :
Impulse due to normal reaction is finite. So friction force gives finite impulse. Therefore
frictional torque causes a finite angular impulse about center of mass of system so angular
momentum about center of mass of system will change. All other options are correct.
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PASSAGE BASED PROBLEMS

# Write-up I [Questions 1 to 3]
A straight is wrapped several times on a cylinder of mass M and radius R. the cylinder is pivoted about its axis
of symmetry. A block of mass m tied to the string rests on a support so that the string is slack. the block is lifted
upto a height h and the support is removed. (shown in figure)
m
m
Problems 1.
What is the angular velocity of cylinder just before the string becomes taut
(a) zero
gh
R
(c)
Problems 2.
(c)
Solution :
(b)
2gh
R
(d)
2 gh
R
When the string experience a jerk, a large impulsive force is generated for a short duration, so that
contribution of weight mg can be neglected during this duration. Then what will be speed of block m, just
after string has become taut
(a)
Problems 3.
2gh
M
1 + m
gh
M
1 + m
2gh
M
1 + 2m
(b)
gh
M
1 + 2m
(d)
If M = m, what fraction of KE is lost due to the jerk developed in the string

(a)
1
2
(b)
2
3
(c)
1
3
(d)
1
4
(1) Just before the string becomes taut, the block falls freely, so v 0 = 2gh. There is no
tension in the string, so nothing causes the cylinder to spin, so 0 = 0. The kinetic energy
of the system is K 0 =
1
1
mv02 + I 02 = mgh
2
2
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(2) When the string experiences a jerk, the large impulse developed is of very short duration
so that the contribution of weight mg can be neglected during this time interval.
The angular momentum of the system is conserved, as the tension is internal force for the
system. Thus we have
Li = L f
1
mv1R + MR 2 1 = mv 0 R = m 2ghR
2
The string is inextensible, so v1 = R1. On solving for 1 we get
1 =
2gh
R 1 + ( M / 2m)
v1 = R1 =
2gh
1 + ( M / 2m)
The final kinetic energy K1 is given by
1
1
K1 = mv12 + I12
2
2
2
1
11
v
= mv12 + MR 2 12
R
2
2 2
1
M
= m + v12
2
2
=
mv02
1
2 1 + ( M / 2m)
K0
1 + ( M / 2m)
(3) For M = m,K1 =
2K 0
, so the fraction lost is
3
K 0 K1 1
K
= 3
0
A man of mass 100 kg stands to rim of a turn table of radius 2m, moment of inertia 4000 kg. the table is
mounted on a vertical smooth axis, through its center. The whole system is initially at rest. The man now
walks on table with a velocity 1m/s relative to earth
Problems 4.
With what angular velocity will the turn table rotate

(a) 0.5 rad/sec
(b) 0.1 rad/sec
(c) 0.05 rad/sec
Problems 5.
(d) 0.2 rad/sec
Through what angle will the turn table have rotated when the man reaches his initial position on it
(a)
rad/sec
11
(b)
3
rad/sec
11
(c)
2
rad/sec
11
(d)
4
rad/sec
11
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Problems 6.
Solution :
Through what angle will it have rotated when the man reaches his initial position relative to earth
(a)
rad/sec
5
(b)
2
rad/sec
5
(c)
2
rad/sec
11
(d)
rad/sec
11
(1) By conservation of angular momentum on the man-table system,
L1 = L1 or 0 + 0 = I m m + I t t
t =
Im m
v 1
where m = = rad / s
I1
r 2
t = 100 ( 2)
2
1/ 2
4000
1
rad / s
20
Thus the table rotates clockwise (opposite to man) with angular velocity 0.05 rad/s.
(2) If the man completes one revolution relative to the table then
mt = 2;2 = m t
2 = m t t t (where t is the time taken)
t = 2 / ( m t ) = 2 ( 0.5 + 0.05)
Angular displacement of table is
t = t t = 5.05 ( 2 / 0.55)
=
2
radian
11
The table rotates through 2 /11 radians clockwise

(3) If the man completes one revolution relative to the earth, then
m = 2
time =
2 2
=
m 0.5
During this time, angular displacement o the table,
t = t ( time) = 0.05
2
0.5
t = radian
5
t = 36 in clockwise direction
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MATCHING TYPE PROBLEM

Problems 7.
A wheel of radius R is rolling on the horizontal table. The speed of upper and lower point is v1 and v2 in
the direction of motion with respect to table. The following table is given on this fact.
v1
B
v2
C
Solution :
v1 + v 2
2R
(A)
The speed of centre of mass of wheel
(B)
The angular speed of the Wheel
(Q)
v1 v 2
2R
(C)
The speed of extreme point B on the wheel
(R)
v1 + v 2
2
(D)
The condition for pure rolling
(S)
v1 v 2
2
(P)
(T)
v12 + v 22
2
(U)
v12 v 22
2
(V)
v1 = 0
(W)
v2 = 0
V1 = Vcm + R
V2 = Vcm R
VB = R 2
Ans. (A) (R), (B) (Q), (C) (T), (D) (W)
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ASSERTION-REASON TYPE PROBLEMS

Choose any one of the following responses :
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
If Assertion is true and Reason is a correct explanation of Assertion.

If Assertion is true and Reason is not correct explanation of Assertion.
If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
If Assertion is false and Reason is true
Problems 8.
Solution :
Assertion : Radius of gyration depends on axis of rotation.

Reason : Radius of gyration is rms distance of particles of the body from the axis of rotation.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) B
(d) D
K=
r12 + r22 ....... + rnn

n
Ans. (a)
Problems 9.
Assertion : there are two propellers in a helicopter.

Reason : Angular momentum is conserved.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) B
(d) D
Ans. (a)
Problems 10.
Assertion : A wheel moving down a frictionless inclined plane shall undergo slipping (not rolling).
Reason : For rolling, torque is required, which is provided by tangential frictional force.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) B
(d) D
Ans. (a)
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SECTIONI
SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
LEVEL I
1.
A force F = a + bx acts on a particle in x direction where a and b are constants. Find the work done by this
force during a displacement from x = 0 to x = d.
2.
A force F = Ai + Bj acts at a point whose radius vector w.r.t origin is r = ai + bj, where a,b,c, A, B are
G
constants and i, j are unit vectors along X and Y axes. Calculate the torque and the arm A of the force
G
F w.r.t. point O.
3.
A meter stick is held vertically with one end on the floor and is then allowed to fall. find the velocity of the
other end when it hits the floor, assuming that the end on the floor does not slip.
4.
A wheel of radius 0.50 m initially at east and reaches a constant angular acceleration of
3.0 radian/sec2. Calculate
(i) The angular displacement and the angular speed of wheel 2.0 second later,
(ii) The tangential speed, the tangential acceleration, the centripetal acceleration and the resultant
acceleration of the particle on the rim at end of 2.0 sec.
5.
A diatomic molecules is supposed to be consisted of two masses m1 and m2 separated by a fixed distance r.
Determine an expression for the moment of inertia of the molecule about an axis passing through center of
mass and perpendicular to bond length.
r1
A
m1
(r2 = r r1)
m2
Hence determine the moment of inertia of HCl molecular about an axis passing through its center of mass
and perpendicular to the bond. Given : inter nuclear distance 4 = 1.3 , mass of proton =
1.7 10-27kg, atomic weight of chlorine = 35.
6.
The flat surface of hemisphere of radius R is fixed to one flat

surface of a cylinder of radius R and length A . Both are of
same material. Let the total mass be M. Prove that the
moment of inertia of the combination about the axis of the
cylinder of is given by
A
R
A 4R
MR +
2 15
2R
A+
3
2
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7.
Two masses m1 = 12kg and m2 = 8kg are tied to the ends

of a string which passes over a pulley of an Atwoods
machine. the mass of the pulley is M = 10kg and its radius
R = 0.1m. Find the tensions in the string and the acceleration
of the system.
R
M
T2
a m2
m2 g
T1
m1 a
m1 g
8.
A uniform disc of mass M and radius R is initially at rest. Its

axis is fixed through O. A block of mass m is moving with
speed v1 on a frictionless surface passes over the disc to the
dotted position. On coming in contact with the disc, it slips
on it. the slipping ceases before the block loses contact with
the disc, due to the high friction.
Now prove that v 2 =
9.
v1
v2
m
O
v1
1 + ( M / 2m)
Find the angular momentum and rotational kinetic energy of earth about its own axis. Find the duration
for which this amount of energy can supply 1 kilowatt power to each of 3.5109 persons on earth ? Mass of
earth = 6.01024., radius = 6.4103km.
10. A uniform solid wheel of mass m and radius 15 cm is free to rotate without friction about a fixed
horizontal axis passing through its centre. A particle of equal mass m strikes it at a pint P after falling
vertically downward as shown in the figure, and sticks to the wheel.
Particle
37.5 cm
60o
Find the maximum angular speed of the wheel. find the force on the axis when the angular speed of the
wheel reaches a maximum.
11. A uniform ladder of mass 10 kg leans against a smooth vertical wall making an angle of 53 with it. The
other end rests on a rough horizontal floor. Find the normal force and the frictional force that the floor
exerts on the ladder.
N1
N2
53o
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LEVEL II
1.
A 10-m-long uniform ladder rests against a wall and makes an angle of 600 with the horizontal floor. If it
just starts to slip from this position, find its instantaneous axis of rotation.
2.
In a playground there is a small merry-go-round of radius 2 m and mass 10 kg. The radius of gyration is
1.5 m. A boy of mass 30 kg runs at a speed of 5 ms-1 tangential to the rim of the merry-go-round when it is
at rest and then jumps on. Neglect friction and find the angular velocity of the merry-go-round and the
boy.
3.
A hoop of radius r rotating about its own axis with an angular velocity 0 is gently placed with its plane
vertical onto a rough horizontal surface. Find the velocity of the centre of the hoop when it ceases to slip.
At the initial moment, the velocity of the centre of the hoop was zero.
4.
A uniform sphere of mass 2 kg and radius 10 cm is released from rest on an extremely rough inclined plane
which makes an angle of 300 with the horizontal. Deduce
(i) its angular acceleration
(ii) linear acceleration along the plane and
(iii) kinetic energy as it travels 2m along the plane.
5.
On the flat surface of a disc of radius a, a small circular hole of radius b is made with its centre at a
distance c from the centre of the disc. If mass of the uncut disc is M, calculate the moment of inertia of the
cut disc about the axis of the circular hole.
6.
A thin horizontal uniform rod AB of mass m and length A can rotate freely about a vertical axis passing
through its end A. After some time, a constant force F is applied to the end B of the rod in its plane such
that it is perpendicular to the initial orientation of the rod. Find the angular velocity of the rod as a
function of its rotation angle measured relative to its initial position.
7.
A uniform circular disc of mass m, radius r and centre O is free to rotate about a smooth, horizontal axis
which is tangential to the disc at a point A. The disc is held in a vertical plane with A directly below O and
is then allowed to fall to its equilibrium position. Find the angular velocity of the disc when its plane is
next vertical.
8.
A uniform circular disc of mass m and radius a is rotating with constant angular velocity in a horizontal
m
is placed gently onto the disc at its
plane about a vertical axis through its centre A. An insect P of mass
2
rim. After the steady state is attained, the insect starts walking radially with respect to the disc with a
a
at t = 0. Find the angular velocity of the system as a function of time t.
speed
2
9.
ABC is a triangular framework of three uniform rods each of mass m and length 2A . It is free to rotate in
its own plane about a smooth horizontal axis through A which is perpendicular to ABC. If it is released
from rest when AB is horizontal and C is above AB, find the maximum velocity of C in the subsequent
motion.
10. A cord is attached to a toy truck standing on a horizontal plane and

passes over a fixed, frictionless, light pulley. A load of mass
1
m = k g is attached to the end of the string. Find the acceleration
2
of the truck given that the mass of each wheel is m' = 0.4 kg and
the mass of the truck is M = 1.4 kg. The wheels are solid discs and
they roll without slipping.
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LEVEL III
1.
Show that if a symmetrical body of radius R rolls without slipping along a horizontal plane with velocity
v c and reaches the plane inclined at an angle , it starts up the inclined plane with velocity
cos
(
)
where k is radius of gyration. It may be assumed that there is sufficient friction to
v 'c = v c 1
k2
1 + 2
R
prevent slipping and that the body doesnt jump.

2.
A uniform catherine wheel is mounted in a vertical plane and is free to rotate about an axis passing
through its centre and perpendicular to its plane. The wheel is made up of combustible material and burns
at a constant rate of kg/s and the reaction force exerted by the burning gases equals F tangentially at its
circumference . If the wheel starts from rest, show that the angular speed acquired when half of its mass
4F
2 1 .
has burnt is
R
3.
4.
5.
6.
A uniform m solid hemisphere of radius r and mass M is pulled by means

of a string so that it moves with a uniform velocity. If is the coefficient
of friction between the hemisphere and surface, find the angle of
inclination of the hemisphere. The centre of mass of a hemisphere is
located at a distance 3r/8 from the centre.
A plank of mass m 1 with a uniform solid sphere of mass m 2

placed on it rests on a force F is applied to the plank. With
what acceleration will the plank and the centre of the sphere
move provided there is no sliding between the plank and the
sphere?
A uniform cylinder of radius r is rotating about its axis at the angular
velocity 0 . It is now placed into a corner as shown in figure. The
coefficient of friction between the wall and the cylinder as well as the ground
and the cylinder is . Show that the number of turns n, the cylinder
completes before it stops, are given by n =
A horizontal plank of mass m is lying on a smooth horizontal

surface. A sphere of same mass and radius r is spinned to an
angular frequency 0 and gently placed on the plank with its axis
horizontal with its axis horizontal as shown in the figure. If
coefficient of friction between the plank and sphere is , find the
distance moved by the plank till the sphere starts pure rolling on the
plank. The plank is long enough.
m2
m1
F
W ALL
20 r (1 + 2 )
8g (1 + )
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7.
8.
9.
A sphere of radius r is projected up an inclined plane for which

1
= tan with a velocity v 0 and initial angular velocity
7
0 (v 0 > r 0 ) . Prove that friction acts downward at first and
upwards afterwards. Further prove that the total time of rise is
v 0 + 4 0 r
.
18 g sin
V0
A slender rod of mass m and length A is released from rest from vertical
position as shown in the figure. Determine as a function of the normal
forces, which is exerted on the rod by the ground as it falls downward,
assuming that it does not slip.
One end of a uniform rod of mass M and length L is supported by a frictionless hinge which can with
stand a tension of 1.75 Mg. The rod is free to rotate in a vertical plane. To what maximum angle should
the rod be rotated from the vertical position so that when left, the hinge does not break.
10. A rod of length l is constrained to move in a vertical plane containing its length between two smooth
vertical planes. When it is released from the vertical position by pulling its bottom gently, find its angular
acceleration and angular velocity as a function of the angle made by it with vertical
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SECTIONII
SINGLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
A stone of mass 0.1 kg is projected with a velocity of 20 2 m/s from the origin of an xy co-ordinate axis
system at an angle of 45 with the horizontal. The angular momentum of the stone about the origin after 1
second is (take g = 10 m/s2):
(a) 10 k (kg m2 / s)
m 2 / s)
(b) 10 k(kg
(c) 10 i (kg m / s2 )
(d) 10 i(kg m / s 2 )
For the toppling of the shown fig. regular hexagon. The coefficient of friction must be :
(a) > 0.21
(b) < 0.21
(c) = 0.21
(d) < 0.21
A ring of mass 0.3 kg & radius 0.1 m & a uniform solid cylinder of mass 0.4 kg and of the same radius are
given the same kinetic energy and released simultaneously on a flat horizontal surface. It is observed that
they begin to roll as soon as they are released towards a wall which is at the same distance from both the
ring and the cylinder. The rolling friction in both cases is negligible. Then
(a) the cylinder will reach the wall first
4.
5.
(c) both will reach the wall simultaneously (d) none will reach the wall.
G
G
G
If F be a force acting on a particle having the position vector r and be the torque of this force about
the origin, then
GG
GG
GG
GG
(a) r . = 0 and F . = 0
(b) r . = 0 and F . 0
GG
GG
GG
GG
(c) r . 0 and F . 0
(d) r . 0 and F . = 0 .
A cylinder of mass M and radius R is resting on a horizontal platform (which is parallel to the x-y plane)
with its axis fixed along the y-axis and free to rotate about its own axis. The platform is given a velocity in
the x-direction given by x = A cos t . There is no slipping between the cylinder and platform. The
maximum torque acting on the cylinder during its motion is
(a)
1
MR A 2
2
(c) 2 MRA 2
6.
(b) the ring will reach the wall first
(b) MR A 2
(d) mr A 2 cos 2 t .
A solid cylinder of diameter D is mounted on a frictionless horizontal axle. A string is wrapped around it
and a heavy block is attached to the free end of the string. The block is allowed to fall freely. If the speed
of the block just before striking the ground be v, then
(a) v D
(c) v
1
D
(b) v D 2
(d) v is independent of D.
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7.
A uniform circular disc of radius R with a concentric circular hole of radius

plane. The fraction of its total energy associated with its rotational motion is
8.
9.
(a)
1
4
(b)
(c)
1
2
(d) 1.
R
rolls down an inclined
2
5
13
A ring starts from rest and acquires an angular speed of 10 rad/s in 2 s. The mass of the ring is 500 g and
its radius is 20 cm. The torque on the ring is
(a) 0.02 Nm
(b) 0.20 Nm
(c) 0.10 Nm
(d) 0.01 Nm.
A loop and a disc have the same mass and roll without slipping with the same linear velocity v. If the total
kinetic energy of the loop is 8 J, the kinetic energy of the disc must be
(a) 6 J
(b) 8 J
(c) 10 J
(d) 12 J.
10. A wheel and an axle, having a total moment of inertia 0.002 kg-m2, is made to rotate about a horizontal
axis by means of an 800 g mass attached to a cord (assumed massless) that is wound around its axle. The
radius of the axle is 2 cm. Starting from rest, how far does the mass fall in order to give the wheel a speed
of 3 rev/s?
(a) 2.25 cm
(b) 3.25 cm
(c) 4.5 cm
(d) 5. 25 cm.
11. Two identical solid uniform spheres A and B of mass m and radius r each, are placed with their centres on
the x-axis separated by a distance 3r. Sphere A is spun with an angular velocity about an axis parallel to
the y-axis passing through its centre. Sphere B is spun similarly with an angular velocity , but about the
z-axis. The total angular momentum of the system about the x-axis is
(a)
2 2
mr 2
5
(c) zero
(b)
(d)
4
mr 2
5
53
mr 2 .
5
12. A small meteorite of mass m travelling towards the centre of earth strikes the earth at the equator. The
earth is a uniform sphere of mass M and radius R. The length of the day was T before the meteorite
struck. After the meteorite strikes the earth, the length of day increases (in sec) by
(a)
5m T
2M
(b)
m
T
M
(c)
4m T
5M
(d)
M
.
3m T
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13. A uniform rod of length A is free to rotate in a vertical plane about a fixed
horizontal axis through B. The rod begins rotating from rest from its unstable
equilibrium position. When it has turned through an angle , its angular
velocity is given by
(a)
6g
sin
2
A
(b)
6g
(c)
6g
(d)
6g
cos .
A
sin
cos
2
A|
14. A disc of mass M and radius R is pivoted about a horizontal axis through its centre and a particle of the
same mass M is attached to the rim of the disc. If the disc is released from rest with the small body at the
end of a horizontal radius, the angular speed when the small body is at the bottom is:
(a)
4R
(b)
2R
(c)
3g
4R
(d)
4g
.
3R
15. A symmetric lamina of mass M consists of a square shape with a

semicircular section over each of the edge of the square as shown in
figure. The side of the square is 2a. The moment of inertia of the lamina
about an axis through its centre of mass and perpendicular to the plane
is 1.6 M a 2 . The moment of inertia of the lamina about the tangent AB
in the plane of the lamina is:
(a)
4.8 Ma 2
A
2a
3.2 Ma 2
(b)
B
(c) 6.4 Ma 2
(d) 1.6 Ma 2 .
16. A smooth sphere A is moving on a frictionless horizontal plane with angular speed and centre of mass
velocity v . It collides elastically and head-on with an identical sphere B which is at rest. All surfaces are
frictionless. After the collision, their angular speeds are A and B , respectively. Then,
(a) B = 0
(b) A = B
(c) A < B
(d) B = .
17. A cubical block of side a is moving with a velocity v on a smooth horizontal plane
as shown in the figure. It hits a ridge at point O. The angular speed of the block
after it hits O is:
(a)
(c)
3v
4a
3v
2a
(b)
3v
2a
(d) zero.
18. A solid uniform sphere, rotating about a horizontal axis (with rotational K.E. = E 0 ), is gently placed on a
rough horizontal plane. After some time the sphere begins pure rolling with total Kinetic Energy E.
Then,
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(a) E =
2E 0
5
(b) E =
2E 0
7
(c) E =
5E 0
7
(d) none of the above is true.
19. The moment of inertia of a thin square plate ABCD of uniform thickness about
an axis passing through the centre O and perpendicular to the plane of the plate
is not given by :
(b) I 3 + I 4
(a) I 1 + I 2
(c) I 1 + I 3
(d) I 1 + I 2 + I 3 + I 4
where I1, I2, I3, I4 are the moments of inertia of the plates about axes 1,2,3,4
respectively.
B
O
1
D
20. A circular table has a radius of R and mass M. It has 4 legs of length L each fixed symmetrically on its
circumference. The maximum mass m (if possible) which can be placed anywhere on this table without
toppling it is
(
M (
(a) M
(c)
)
2 + 1)
2 1
(b) 4 M
(d) cannot be determined.
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SECTIONIII
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct for a spherical body rolling without slipping on a rough
horizontal ground at rest.
(a) The acceleration of a point in contact with ground is zero
(b) The speed of some of the point(s) is (are) zero
(c) Friction force may or may not be zero
(d) Work done by friction may or may not be zero
2.
A uniform rod of length 6a and mass 8m lies on a smooth

horizontal table. Two particles of mass m and 2m, moving in the
same horizontal plane but in opposite directions with speeds 2v
and v respectively strke the rod normally as shown in figure and
stick to the rod. Denoting angular velocity (about the centre of
mass), total energy and translational velocity of centre of mass by
, E and vc respectively after the collision.
(b) =
(a) vc = 0
(c) =
3.
(d) E =
5a
2v
a
2a
2m
v
3v
5a
3mv 2
5
A particle moves in acircle of radius r with angular velocity . At some instant its velocity is v and
radius vector with respect to centre of the circle is r . At this particular instant centripetal acceleration ac
of the particle would be
(a) v
(c) r
4.
(d) v (r )
A particle of mass m is travelling with a constant velocity v = v 0i along the line y = b, z = 0. Let dA be
the area swept out by the position vector from origin to the particle in time dt and L the magnituded
angular momentum of particle about origin at any time t. Then
(a) L = constant
(c)
5.
(b) v
dA
2L
(b) L constant
(d)
dA
2m
dt
dt
m
In pure rolling fraction of its total energy associated with rotation is a for ring and for a solid sphere.
Then
(a) =
(c) =
1
2
2
5
(b) =
(d) =
1
4
2
7
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6.
7.
A disc can roll without slipping without applying any external force on a
(a) rough inclined plane
(b) smooth inclined plane
(c) rough horizontal surface
(d) smooth horizontal surface
A disc of radius R rolls on a horizontal surface with linear velocity v and

angular velocity . There is a point P on the circumference of the disc at
angle which has a vertical velocity. Here is equal to
(b)
(d) + cos-1
-1
(a) + sin
(c) sin -1
8.
sin -1
A special body of radius R rolls on a horizontal surface with linear

velocity v. Let L1 and L2 be the magnitudes of angular momenta of the
body about centre of mass and point of contact P. Then
(a) L2 = 2L1 if radius of gyration K = R
(b) L2 = 2L1 for all cases
(c) L2 > 2L1 if radius of gyration K < R

(d) L2 > 2L1 if radius of gyration K > R
9.
The axis of rotation of a purely rotating body

(a) must pass through the centre of mass
(b) may pass through the centre of mass
(c) must pass through a particle of the body
(d) may pass through a particle of the body
10. A particle moves on a straight line with a uniform velocity. Its angular momentum
(a) is always zero
(b) is zero about a point on the straight line
(c) is not zero about a point away from the straight line
(d) about any given point remains constant.
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SECTIONIV
PASSAGE BASED QUESTIONS
A disc of mass M and Radius R is given a velocity Vo to its centre and an angular velocity of 0 about centre as
shown.
Then it is kept over a rough surface where coefficient
of friction is . Initially the lower most point or point
of contact slides over the surface (on which it is kept)
and friction acts. Due to friction velocity of centre of
mass of disc is affected as well as it will produce a
torque which changes the angular velocity of body
about centre. After some time rolling is established.
1.
2.
If
0 R = v0
then time after which rolling starts is
3v0
g
(a)
v0
g
(b)
(c)
2 v0
3 g
(d) rolling will not start
Velocity of centre of disc at the moment when angular velocity of disc becomes zero is
(a) Vo
(c)
3.
positive
x-direction
V0
V0
2
(b)
V0
3
(d) 2V0
When rolling starts then

(a) friction will not act
(b) friction will act along positive direction
(c) friction will act along negative direction
(d) we cant say about friction
# Write-up II [Questions 4 to 6]
A small particle of mass m is given an initial velocity v0 tangent to the horizontal
rim of a smooth cone at a radius r0 from the vertical centerline as shown at point A.
As the particle slides to point B, a vertical distance h below A and a distance r from
the vertical centerline, its velocity v makes an angle with the horizontal tangent
to the cone through B.
4.
v0
r0
r B
The value of is
(a) cos
(c) cos
v 0 r0
v02 + 2gh (r0 h tan )
v0 r0
v02 2gh (r0 h tan )
(b) cos
(d) cos
v0 r0
v02 + 2gh (r0 + h tan )
v0 r0
r0 v02 + 2gh
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5.
6.
The speed of particle at point B

(a)
v 20 + 2gh
(b)
v 20 2gh
(c)
v 20 + gh
(d)
2 v02 + 2gh
The minimum value of v0 for which particle will be moving in a horizontal circle of radius r0.
(a)
2gr0
tan
(b)
gr0
2 tan
(c)
gr0
tan
(d)
4gr0
tan
MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS

7.
A rod of length L and weight w is kept in equilibrium on the

L
as shown in the figure. The right
two support separated by
2
support is taken out at time t = 0.
w, L
L
2
Match the following questions based on the above information

Column I
(A)
(B)
Column II
The moment of inertia of the rod about

the support point at t = 0 is
(P)
The angular acceleration of rod about the
(Q)
3g
7
12 g
7L
support point at t = 0 is
(C)
The linear acceleration of centre of mass

of rod at t = 0 is
(R)
4
w
7
(D)
The normal reaction on the rod by the

support at t = 0 is
(S)
7 wL2
48 g
(T)
wL2
3g
(U)
3g
7L
(V)
w
4
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8.
For the following statements, except gravity and contact force between the contact surfaces, no other force
is acting on the body.
Column I
Column II
(A)
When a sphere is in purerolling on a fixed

horizontal surface.
(P)
Upward direction
(B)
When a cylinder is in pure rolling on a fixed

inclined plane in upward direction then
friction force acts in
(Q)
vcm > R
(C)
When a cylinder is in pure rolling down a

fixed incline plane, friction force acts in
(R)
vcm < R
(D)
When a sphere of radius R is rolling with

slipping on a fixed horizontal surface, the
relation between vcm and is
(S)
No frictional force acts.
ASSERTION-REASON TYPE QUESTIONS

Following questions consist of two statements printed as Assertion and Reason. While answering these
questions you are required to select any one of the responses indicated as
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
If both assertion and reason are true and reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
If both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of assertion.
If assertion is true but reason is false.
If assertion is false but reason is true.
9.
Assertion : Moment of inertia of circular ring about a given axis is more than moment of inertia of the
circular disc of same mass and same size, about the same axis.
Reason : The circular ring is hollow so its moment of inertia is more than circular disc which is solid.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
10. Assertion : The total kinetic energy of a rolling solid sphere is the sum of translational and rotational
kinetic energies
Reason : For all solid bodies total kinetic energy is always twice the translational kinetic energy
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
11. Assertion : Two circular discs of equal masses and thickness made of different material, will have same
moment of inertia about their central axes of rotation.
Reason : Moment of inertia depends upon the distribution of mass in the body.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
12. Assertion : A ladder is more apt to slip, when you are high up on it than when you just begin to climb.
Reason : At the high up on a ladder, the torque is large and on climbing up the torque is small.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
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13. Assertion : When a sphere and a solid cylinder are allowed to roll down an inclined plane, the sphere will
reach the ground first even if the mass and radius of the two bodies are different.
Reason : The acceleration of the body rolling down the inclined plane is directly proportional to the
radius of the rolling body
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
14. Assertion : A hollow shaft is found to be stronger than a solid shaft made of same material
Reason : The torque required to produce a given twist in hollow cylinder is greater than that required to
twist a solid cylinder of same size and material
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
15. Assertion : Angular velocity is a characteristic of the rigid body as a whole

Reason : Angular velocity may be different for different particles of a rigid body about the axis of rotation.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
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SECTIONV
PROBLEMS ASKED IN IIT-JEE
SUBJECTIVE
1.
A carpet of mass M made of inextensible material is rolled along its length in the form of a cylinder of
radius R and is kept on a rough floor. The carpet starts unrolling without sliding on the floor when a
negligibly small push is given to it. Calculate the horizontal velocity of the axis of the cylindrical part of
the carpet when its radius reduces to R/2.
[IIT 1990]
2.
A uniform circular disc has radius R and mass m. A particle, also of mass m,
is fixed at a point A on the edge of the disc as shown in the figure. The disc
can rotate freely about a fixed horizontal chord PQ that is at a distance R/4
from the center C of the disc. The line AC is perpendicular to PQ. Initially,
the disc is held vertical with the point A at its highest position. It is then
allowed to fall so that it starts rotating about PQ. Find the linear speed of
the particle as it reaches its lowest position.
[IIT 1998]
3.
A
R
C
R/4
Q
Two thin circular discs of mass 2 kg and radius 10 cm each are joined by
a rigid massless rod of length 20 cm. The axis of the rod is along the
perpendicular to the planes of the disc through their centers. This object is
kept on a truck in such a way that the axis of the object is horizontal and
perpendicular to the direction of the motion of the truck. Its friction with
the floor of the truck is large enough so that the object can roll on the
truck without slipping. Take xaxis in the direction of motion of the truck
and z-axis in the vertically upward direction. If the truck has an
acceleration of 9 m/s2,calculate
(i) The force of friction on each disc.

(ii) The magnitude and the direction of the frictional torque acting on each disc about the center of mass O
G
G G
of the object. Express the torque in the vector form in terms of unit vectors i , j and k in the x, y and z
directions.
[IIT 1997]
4. A block X of mass 0.5 kg is held by a long massless string on a frictionless
inclined plane of inclination 30 to the horizontal. The string is wound on a
T
uniform solid cylindrical drum Y of mass 2 kg and radius 0.2 m as shown in
T
figure. The drum is given an initial angular velocity such that the block X starts
X
moving up the plane. (a) Find the tension in the string during the motion. (b)
At a certain instant of time, the magnitude of the angular velocity of Y is
10 rad s-1. Calculate the distance traveled by X from that instant of time until it
30o
comes to rest.
[IIT 1974]
5.
A uniform bar of length 6a and mass 8m lies on a smooth

horizontal table. Two point masses m and 2m moving in the same
horizontal plane with speeds 2v and v respectively, strike the bar
(as shown in the figure) and stick to the bar after collision.
Calculate (a) velocity of the center of mass (b) angular velocity
about center of mass and (c) total kinetic energy, just after
collision.
[IIT 1991]
2m
v
C
8m
2a
2a
2v
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6.
A thin uniform bar lies on a frictionless horizontal surface and is free to move in
any way on the surface. Its mass is 0.16 kg and length is
( 3)
m. Two particles,
each of mass 0.08 kg are moving on the same surface and towards the bar in a
direction perpendicular to the bar, one with a velocity of 10 m/s and the other
with 6 m/s as shown in the figure. The first particle strikes the bar at point A and
the other at point B. Point A and B are at a distance of 0.5 m from the center of the
bar. The particles strike the bar at the same instant of time and stick to the bar on
collision. Calculate the loss of KE of the system in the above collision process.
10m/s
6m/s
[IIT- 1989]
7.
A rectangular rigid fixed block has a long horizontal edge. A solid

homogeneous cylinder of radius R is placed horizontally at rest with its
length parallel to the edge such that the axis of the cylinder and the
edge of the block are in the same vertical plane. There is sufficient
friction present at the edge so that a very small displacement causes the
cylinder to roll off the edge without slipping. Determine :
(a) The angle c through which the cylinder rotates before it leaves
contact with the edge.
(b) The speed of the center of mass of the cylinder before leaving contact with the edge and
(c) The ratio of translational to rotational kinetic energies of the cylinder when its center of mass is in
horizontal line with the edge.
[IIT 1995]
8.
A homogeneous rod AB of length L = 1.8m and mass M is

pivoted at the center O in such a way that it can rotate freely in
the vertical plane as shown in the figure. The rod is initially in
the horizontal position. An insect S of the same mass M falls
vertically with speed V on the point C, midway between the
points O and B. Immediately after falling, the insect moves
S
L
4
L
2
L
4
towards the end B such that the rod rotates with constant angular velocity . (a) Determine the velocity
in terms of V and L. (b) If the insect reaches the end B when the rod has turned through an angle of 90,
determine V.
[IIT-1992]
9.
A rod AB of mass M and length L is lying on a horizontal frictionless surface. A particle of mass m
traveling along the surface hits the end A of the rod with a velocity v0 in a direction perpendicular to AB.
The collision is completely elastic. After the collision the particle comes to rest :
(a) Find the ratio m/M.
(b) A point P on the rod is at rest immediately after the collision. Find the distance AP.
[IIT-2000]
(c) Find the linear speed of the point P at time L ( 3v0 ) after the collision.
10. Two heavy metallic plates are joined together at 90 to each other. A
laminar sheet of mass 30 kg is hinged at the line AB joining the two
A
heavy metallic plates. The hinges are frictionless. The moment of
inertia of the laminar sheet about an axis parallel to AB and passing
Q
through its center of mass is 1.2 kg-m2. Two rubber obstacles P and Q
B
are fixed, one on each metallic plate, at a distance 0.5 m from the line
P
AB. This distance is chosen so that the reaction due to the hinges on
the laminar sheet is zero during the impact. Initially the laminar
sheet hits one of the obstacles with an angular velocity 1 rad/s and
turns back. If the impulse on the sheet due to each obstacle is 6 N-s
(a) Find the location of the center of mass of the laminar sheet from AB.
(b) At what angular velocity does the laminar sheet come back after the first impact ?
(c) After how many impacts does the laminar sheet come to rest ?
[IIT-2001]
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OBJECTIVE
1.
a=0.6m
A plate of length a = 0.6 m and width b = 0.4 m having a mass

M = 3 kg is hinged at one of its edges AB as shown in the figure.
The plate is held horizontal due to small particles colliding elastically
with it from below. The particles, each of mass m = 0.01 kg strike the
shaded half of the plate elastically at the rate of 100 particles per unit area
per unit time. The velocity of the striking particles is [IIT-2006]
2.
(a) 83.33 m/s
(b) 80 m/s
(c) 75.5 m/s
(d) 70 m/s
b=0.4m
A solid sphere of radius R is moulded into a solid disc of radius r and thickness t. The moment of inertia of
the disc about an axis perpendicular to the cross section of the disc and passing through circumference is
equal to the moment of inertia of the sphere about its diameter. The value of r (in terms of R) is
[IIT 2006]
3.
(a)
2
R
15
(b)
2
R
15
(c)
1
R
2
(d)
1
[ ]R
5
A small ball starts rolling from position A down the fixed hemispherical
surface (see figure) to position C. There is friction on path AB while path
BC is frictionless. If KA, KB, KC represent kinetic energy of the ball and
[IIT 2006]
hA, hB, hC height of the ball at points A, B and C, then
(a) hA = hC , K A > K C
(b) hA < hC , K C > K A
(c) hA > hC , K A < K C
(d) hA > hC , K C > K A
C
hC
hA A
B
PASSAGE BASED QUESTIONS (From Q. 4 to Q.6)

Two discs A and B are mounted coaxially on a vertical axle. The discs have moments of inertia I and 2I
respectively about the common axis. Disc A is imparted an initial angular velocity 2 using the entire potential
energy of a spring compressed by a distance x1. Disc B is imparted an angular velocity by a spring having the
same spring constant and compressed by a distance x2. Both the discs rotate in the clockwise direction.
[IIT 2007]
4. The radio x1/x2 is
(a) 2
(c)
5.
(b)
2
(d)
1
2
1
2
When disc B is brought in contact with disc A, they acquire a common angular velocity in time t. The
average frictional torque on one disc by the other during this period is
(a)
2I
3t
(b)
9I
2t
(c)
9I
4t
(d)
3I
2t
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6.
7.
8.
The loss of kinetic energy during the above process is

(a)
I 2
2
(b)
I 2
3
(c)
I 2
4
(d)
I 2
.
6
A small object of uniform density rolls up a curved surface with an

3v 2
with
initial velocity v. It reaches up to a maximum height of
4g
respect to the initial position. The object is
(a) ring
[IIT 2007]
(b) solid sphere
(c) hollow sphere
(d) disc
STATEMENT 1
If there is no external torque on a body about its centre of mass, then the velocity of the centre of mass
remains constant.
BECAUSE
STATEMENT2
The linear momentum of an isolated system remains constant
[IIT 2007]
(a) Statement1 is True, Statement2 is True; Statement2 is a correct explanation for Statement1
(b) Statement1 is True, Statement2 is True; Statement2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement1
(c) Statement1 is True, Statement2 is False
(d) Statement1 is False, Statement2 is True
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ANSWERS
SECTION - I
SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
LEVEL I
1.
G
aB bA
= ( aB bA) k , A =
A 2 + B2
2.
V = 5.4 m / s
3.
= 6 rad , = 6 rad / s ,
L = 7.1 1023 kg m 2 / s
9.
K = 2.6 1029 joule , t = 2.35 109 year

10. max =
v = 3 m / s , a t = 1.5 m / s 2 , a R = 18 m / s 2
4.
mm
I = 1 2 r 2 ; I = 2.79 1047 kg-m2
m1 + m2
6.
a = 1.57m / s 2 , T1 = 99N,T2 = 91 N
7.
v2 =
Fmax =
20 5
rad / s
3
16mg
3
11. N 2 = W = 100N; f=N1 =
200
N
3
v1
M
m + 2m
LEVEL II
1.
5m and 5 3 m from vertical & horizontal

walls respectively.
2. = 2.1 rad/s
3 . v = 0.5 0 r
4. (i) 35 rad/s2 ,
(ii) 3.5 m/s2,
(iii) 10 J
b4
1
M a 2 + 2c 2 2
5.
2
a
6.
g
5r
7.
= 4
8.
9.
2 gA 3
10.
mg
= 1.15 m/s2
M + 6m + m

1 + 1 t
2
6F sin
mA
LEVEL - III
3.
4.
5.
8
= sin 1
3 + 8
220 r 2
81g
F
F
,
2
7
m 1 + m 2 m 2 + m1
7
2
N =
8.
mg
9 cos 2 6 cos + 1
4
3cos 1
= mg
= 60
3 g (1 cos )
10. w =
A
9.
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SECTION II
SINGLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1.
(a)
2.
(a)
3.
(c)
4.
(a)
5.
(a)
6.
(d)
7.
(b)
8.
(c)
9.
(a)
10.
(c)
11.
(c)
12.
(a)
13.
(a)
14.
(d)
15.
(a)
16.
(a)
17.
(a)
18.
(b)
19.
(d)
20.
(d)
SECTION III
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1.
(b,c)
2.
(c,d)
3.
(a,c)
4.
(a,d)
5.
(d)
6.
(a,c,d)
7.
(c,d)
8.
(a,d)
9.
(b,d)
10.
(d)
SECTION - IV
PASSAGE BASED QUESTIONS
1.
2.
(a)
(b)
3.
4.
(a)
(a)
5.
6.
(a)
(c)
MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS

7.
8.
AS
BQ
CP
DR
AS
BP
CP
DQ,R
ASSERTION-REASON TYPE QUESTION

9.
(b)
10.
(c)
11.
(d)
13.
(c)
14.
(a)
15.
(c)
12.
(a)
SECTION V
PROBLEMS BASED IN IIT-JEE
SUBJECTIVE
1.
2.
3
(14 g R /3)
5gR
G
(i) f = (6i)N
G
G
(ii) 1 = 0.6( k j ) & 2 = 0.6( j k )
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4.
5
6.
7.
(a)
(b)
(a)
(b)
1.63 N
1.22 m
zero
= (v /5a )
3
(c) K.E. = mv 2
5
2.72 J
4
(a) c = cos1
7
(b)
4
gR
7
(c)
KT
=6
KR
12 V
(a) =
7 L
7
(b) V =
2 gL = 3.5 m/s
12
1
9. (a)
4
2
(b) = L
3
v
G
(c) |v P |= 0
2 2
10. (a) 0.1 m
(b) 1 rad/s
(c) Infinite .
8.
1.
5.
(a)
(a)
OBJECTIVE
2.
6.
(a)
(b)
3.
7.
(c)
(d)
4.
8.
(c)
(d)
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IIT - Class - XI - Phy - Rotation Motion Own Edition PDF

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IIT - Class - XI - Phy - Rotation Motion Own Edition PDF

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NARAYANA INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

2004 NARAYANA GROUP

The salient features of this package include :

THE NARAYANA TEAM

THE NARAYANA TEAM

Passage Based Questions

Matching Type Questions

Assertion-Reason Type Questions

Section - V : Problems Asked in IIT-JEE

RIGID BODIES AND ROTATION

Figure : Translation preserves orientation

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Physics : Rotational Motion

INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

Figure: Orientation is not preserved. Note that

Rotation about a stationary axis: A fixed

Rotation about a translating axis: A cylinder

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Physics : Rotational Motion

INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

Angular Velocity : The average angular velocity, av , is defined as

The angular velocity vector may be defined by :

Angular Acceleration : The average angular acceleration is defined by

COMPARISON BETWEEN TRANSLATIONAL AND ROTATIONAL KINEMATICS

Linear motion of particle

Rotational Motion (fixed axis)

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Physics : Rotational Motion

INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

The angular displacement in the first 5 seconds is given by:

Let the angular acceleration be . According to the question,

600 rev/min = 0 + 10.

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Physics : Rotational Motion

INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

In torsional oscillations, it is observed that the angular acceleration , is proportional to , the

= 2 + C 1, where C1 is the constant of integration.

= t + 0 , where 0 is the constant of integration.

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Physics : Rotational Motion

INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

From equation (i),

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LINEAR AND ANGULAR VARIABLES

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Physics : Rotational Motion

INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

For a discrete distribution, the moment of inertia I, is given by:

For continuous mass distribution, the moment of inertia, I, is given by

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Physics : Rotational Motion

INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

Parallel axis Theorem :

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Physics : Rotational Motion

INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

Refer to the adjacent figure.

The moment of inertia of spheres A and B about their common

Moment of inertia of sphere A about side AD = moment of inertia of sphere D about

Perpendicular axis Theorem:

The moment of inertia of a plane lamina about an axis perpendicular to

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Physics : Rotational Motion