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MuscleLab
Users
Manual
Model 4000/4000e

Ergotest Technology a.s

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INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................................................3
THE DOCUMENTATION.........................................................................................................................................................3
IMPORTANT NOTICE! ........................................................................................................................................................3
W HERE TO FIND US ...............................................................................................................................................................3
INSTALLING THE SYSTEM...................................................................................................................................................4
COMPUTER REQUIREMENTS................................................................................................................................................4
INSTALLING M USCLELAB SOFTWARE ................................................................................................................................4
CONNECTING POWER SUPPLY .............................................................................................................................................5
CONNECTING M USCLELAB TO PC ......................................................................................................................................5
UP AND RUN..............................................................................................................................................................................5
GETTING STARTED.................................................................................................................................................................6
FILE ..........................................................................................................................................................................................6
REPORTS..................................................................................................................................................................................6
M AKE A NEW TEST ...............................................................................................................................................................6
SYSTEM ....................................................................................................................................................................................6
HELP .........................................................................................................................................................................................6
THE FIRST STEPS ....................................................................................................................................................................7
CONNECTING SENSORS AND ACCESSORIES TO MUSCLELAB.............................................................................8
EMG SENSOR ...........................................................................................................................................................................8
A NGLE SENSOR .......................................................................................................................................................................8
FORCE SENSOR ........................................................................................................................................................................9
LINEAR ENCODER.................................................................................................................................................................10
A CCELEROMETER................................................................................................................................................................10
CONTACT MAT .....................................................................................................................................................................11
PHOTOCELLS.........................................................................................................................................................................12
FORCE PLATFORM ...............................................................................................................................................................13
W HEN THE VARIOUS SENSORS ARE USED.........................................................................................................................13
CAUTION................................................................................................................................................................................. 15
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS .......................................................................................................................................................15
GENERAL PRODUCT PRECAUTIONS AND MAINTENANCE ............................................................................................15
CLEANING..............................................................................................................................................................................15
M USCLELAB MAIN UNIT - TYPE 4000/4000E...................................................................................................................16
RECOGNIZED ACCESSORIES.................................................................................................................................................16
Sensor - Linear encoder type ET-Enc-02 ............................................................................................................... 16
Angle sensor Biometrics............................................................................................................................................ 16
Power supply - type MW160........................................................................................................................................ 16
EMG preamplifier type ET-Emg-02 ......................................................................................................................... 16
Accelerometer type ET-Acc-02 ................................................................................................................................. 16
Contact mat type ET-Irm-01 ..................................................................................................................................... 16
Force plate type ET-PLT-02 ..................................................................................................................................... 16
Photo cell type WL170-N132 ................................................................................................................................... 16
SYMBOL EXPLANATIONS ...................................................................................................................................................17
APPENDIX ............................................................................................................................................................................... 18
TERMINOLOGY .....................................................................................................................................................................18
A BBREVIATIONS...................................................................................................................................................................18
TECHNICAL DATA ...............................................................................................................................................................19
CE MARKING .........................................................................................................................................................................20
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Introduction
Welcome to MuscleLab. You have now available what Ergotest Technology believes to be one of the most
powerful and flexible test systems for evaluation of muscle behavior on the marked. You can make a wide variety
of dynamic and isometric muscle tests. You will get access to information that earlier could only be measured at
specialized well-equipped laboratories. In fact, many of these laboratories are using MuscleLab as a tool for
analysis.

The documentation
The purpose of this manual is to guide you through the first basic steps necessary to set up the MuscleLab
system, install the computer software and give you an idea where to begin.
For more detailed explanation of how to operate the software itself, please refer to the built in online help.
Furthermore, the methodology of various tests will be described in separate documents and stored in Adobe
Acrobat format. These documents are found on the MuscleLab CD under DOC directory. Since these files will be
constantly updated, we suggest that you visit our Internet homepage for latest news.
You will need a program called Adobe Acrobat Reader to read the Acrobat documents. This program is free and is
found on the MuscleLab CD. You may also download the latest version free from Adobes home page on the
Internet: http://www.adobe.com/prodindex/acrobat/readstep.html

IMPORTANT NOTICE!
FOR YOUR OWN AND YOUR PATIENTS SAFETY, PLEASE CAREFULLY READ THE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
BEFORE YOU START USING THE SYSTEM. (Ref. page 15).
Where to find us
For questions, inquiries, support or service contact your local dealer or

Ergotest Technology a.s.

Kongshavnsgate 4
P.O. Box 65
N3993 Langesund
Norway
Tel.: +47 35973305
Fax: +47 35973602
E-mail: info@ergotest.com
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Web: http://www.ergotest.com

Installing the system

This chapter explains how to set up the system and connect the MuscleLab unit to the PC.
Before you can start to make tests you will need to go trough a few simple steps to prepare the system for
operation. MuscleLab has a wide variety of sensors and devices that can be connected, but this chapter will
focus on the basic system.
Computer requirements
To operate MuscleLab you will need a computer with the MuscleLab software installed. The computer you intend
to use must fill at least the following criteria:
Hardware: IBM compatible, minimum 100Mb free disk space, 32Mb RAM, 500MHz Pentium CPU (128Mb RAM,
1GMHz CPU or better recommended), one free USB serial interface port. The program is designed to run with a
minimum screen resolution of 800x600 and 256 colors. It is however recommended with 1024x768 and 16bit color or
better. (Right-click your desktop, select properties from pop-up menu to access the screen resolution and color
setting)
Software: Windows95/98/2000/NT or XP installed.
You will need the following items to complete this session:

MuscleLab CD.

A computer that meets above requirements.

MuscleLab main unit.

MuscleLab power supply adapter.

Cable to connect MuscleLab main unit to computer.

Installing MuscleLab software

Insert CD in your PC CD-ROM drive.

Select Run from Start menu. The Run Dialog box will appear. Select the CD drive and run the
MuscleLab.exe program. Alternatively you may go to My Computer and select the CD drive from
there.
Follow the instructions given on screen to complete the installation
When the installation is complete, a new program group called Ergotest is added to your system.
Also an icon will be placed on your computer desktop.

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Connecting power supply

On the rear side of MuscleLab unit you will find the power-input connection.
Ref. page 15 for safety information.
Connecting MuscleLab to PC
Next step is to connect the MuscleLab to the computer that has the MuscleLab software installed. On the rear
side of MuscleLab unit you will find a connector marked USB. This is a standard USB serial communication port.
Refer to your computer manual to identify the USB port on the computer side.
First time you connect the MuscleLab to your computer Windows will report that a new device is detected and it
will search for suitable software drivers. Select that you have a disk. Make sure that the MuscleLab CD-ROM still
in your CD player. Then locate the USB directory (e.g. D:\USB). Select NEXT and your computer will install the
appropriate driver. Now your computer will have a new virtual COM port that will be used with MuscleLab.

Up and run
This chapter describes how to start up the system
The MuscleLab should now be connected to the PC (where MuscleLab software is installed) via USB serial cable.

Switch MuscleLab unit on. The ON Lamp should be illuminated. If the power supply is connected.
Start MuscleLab program by double-clicking the MuscleLab Icon on your computer desktop or in
the folder named Ergotest.

The first time you run the program, you must specify which MuscleLab model you have. Also default COM port
must be selected. If you do not know which port this is go to System menu and select System setup. Then
press Select communication port button. A list of available COM ports is shown. If you disconnect the USB
cable from the MuscleLab unit, one of the COM ports will disappear. When you re-insert the USB cable it will
appear again. This is the COM port you shall select.
You may now navigate through the various menus.

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Getting started
When you open the application you will see a blank screen with a menu bar on top. (For further details, please
refer to the online context sensitive help) This is a short description of what is found under the menus:
File
Under File you will find all the data files, standard Windows printer setup and program Exit. The data files can be
shared into two categories.

Files that hold information based on input from the user. These files are: Athlete/patient file,
Exercise description file, Groups and Sensor registration and calibration file. In fact the Sensor
registration and calibration file holds both data inserted by the user and data read from a sensor
connected to MuscleLab. Common for all these files is that the user must insert some information
before running any test.
Files that holds data that was recorded from sensors during tests. The contents of these files are
automatically maintained as the various tests are carried out. It is however possible to edit some of
the test criterias manually for some of the test types.

Reports
From this menu you can recall various stored test results and create graphs and text reports for on-screen
analysis and hard copy printouts.
Make a new test
Select the test you want to perform from the menu. This action will establish contact with the MuscleLab unit and
prepare the system for data recording.
System
The system menu holds options that are global to the system, such as language, units like pounds[lbs] or
kilograms[kg] etc. Also the MuscleLab microprocessor can be re-programmed by selecting Update MuscleLab
program item. This ensures you the MuscleLab unit will not be out-dated as new functions and tests are
added/modified.
Help
MuscleLab comes with context sensitive help function, which means that wherever you are in the program, you
will get help related to the specific topic you are working on.

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The first steps

This is briefly what you have to do before you can begin to test.
Under the File menu:

Open the Person file and register the person(s) you want to test

Quite often it is useful to arrange the persons in groups. Go to Group, create a new group, give the new
group a name and select the persons that should be in the group. One person may be present in several
groups.

Go to exercise file and add the exercises that you want to test the subject in. This applies to Power and
force/velocity test, Rehab test, Advanced test, YoYo MultiGym test and Force platform test. The other
tests are on the other hand standardized: Jump test on contact mat, Sprint test, Running analysis and
Stair test. There is however one exception: Under Jump test there is a test called Series of Jumps . This
is not a standard test and could be jumping over hurdles, jump training with biofeedback or whatever
you want.

Open the sensor file and make sure that the sensors you will use are registered and calibrated. (See table
page 13)

That is all. Now choose the test you want to run. Refer to the online help for further assistance.

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Connecting sensors and accessories to MuscleLab

The MuscleLab front panel has inputs for EMG sensors (4000e only) and Angle sensors. The inputs are marked
with type and channel number.

EMG sensor
Connection is found on the MuscleLab front. Normally you would probably use disposable surface electrodes.
The EMG cable with built in preamplifier has button connectors for easy connection. Follow standard procedures
for skin preparation, use of contact gel etc.

Angle sensor
Connection is found on the MuscleLab front. The sensors are made by Biometrics Ltd. The sensor must be
capable of reaching across the joint so that the two endblocks can be mounted where least movement occurs
between the skin and underlying skeletal structure. In certain circumstances more than one size of sensor will be
appropriate.

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On the rear side all other inputs/outputs are found.

Force sensor
Force sensors are available in many shapes and ranges. MuscleLab is designed to use the most common type;
strain gauge sensors.

Example of use: The force sensor is used together with a linear encoder.

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Rotary encoder
Rotary encoders are primarily used to monitor rotation velocity of a spinning wheel. A current use is for
measurements on the YoYo machine. This machine utilizes the inertia of a spinning wheel to create resistance in
strength training.

Linear encoder
The linear encoder is used to measure motion in function of time. The MuscleLab software then calculates
distance, velocity, power etc. Usually the encoder is connected to the moving part of a load stack or to a free
load.

Accelerometer
The accelerometer may be used for several purposes. Below is an example where it is combined with a linear
encoder. As the load moves, so will the accelerometer and thus directly read the acceleration.

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Contact mat

The Infrared contact mat (IR-mat) can be used for several types of tests.
With this device we can measure contact time and flight time while jumping
or running. From these simple data a lot of information can be extracted.
The IR-mat consists of two units; Master and Slave. These two units build
a carpet of infrared light (not visible to the human eye) a few millimeters
above the floor. Whenever this light carpet is interrupted, for example if
you step into the area between them, a switch is activated. This switch is
used to start and stop the MuscleLab built in timer. Connect Master unit to
Contact mat input on rear side of MuscleLab unit.

Use contact mat for jump test

or to start timer in sprint tests (combined with photocells)

or to measure contact time and flight time in running analysis (combined with photocells).

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For successful operation it is important that you set up the Master and Slave units correctly.

Imagine you see the two IR-mat units, Master and Slave, from above. The figures A, B, C and D illustrate the
placements of the two units and the emitted light pattern.
Fig. A shows normal setup. The light beam emitted from each unit covers the whole width of the opposite facing
unit. This will be the case when distance between the Master and Slave unit is kept between approx. 3 to 20
meters depending on the reflective properties of the floor. You can verify that the two units are correctly set up
by checking the T2 control lamp on the MuscleLab front panel. The T2 lamp on MuscleLab front panel should be
off. Whenever the light beams between Master and Slave is interrupted, the T2 lamp will light.
Fig. B will not operate correctly because the units are placed too close to each other. The light beams do not
cover all the receivers on the opposite unit.
Fig. C will not operate correctly because the Master and Slave unit is too far from each other.
Fig. D illustrates a compromise if you are operating in a limited space. Master and Slave unit are close to each
other, but the two unites are displaced in parallel. A negative effect of this setup is that the effective sensitive
width is narrowed.

Photocells
Use photocells to measure time intervals. The photocell consists of two parts. One active part
(transmitter/receiver) and one passive reflector. A typical setup is shown below. For optimal operation the
distance between the active photocell and reflector should be kept between 0.01 and 2.5m.

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Force platform

The force platform opens for a wide variety of tests.

Examples of use are weight lifting, balance test (sway) or
jumping. One unique feature with the MuscleLab force
plate is that you may combine the readings from the force
plate with EMG and joint angle measurements. Connect the
force platform to the MuscleLab auxiliary input. The letter F
on sketch below shows Forward while R shows Right
(Cable exit on Right side). Also
the XYZ coordinates are shown.

Calibrating the Force platform

(Applies to software version 7.16 and newer)
1)

2)
3)
4)

5)
6)
7)
8)
9)

10)

11)

12)
13)

Make sure the platform is placed on a firm and flat surface. If you step on it,
it should not wag. Note that lower right corner of the platform is defined
where the signal cable enters the plate.
Connect the platform to the MuscleLab
In the MuscleLab program, go to sensor registration and calibration
Select Force platform as sensor type, give the force plate a name (D) and
enter the information found on the sticker near the platform cable entry. Z
and X dimensions are of special importance, indicated as B and C on the
illustration on the right Also check the default check box.
Select sensor calibration tab
Press Load=0 button
Enter your exact body weight (in kg) in the calibration load field
Press Auto calibration button
Step on the platform centre and stand in a steady position. Youll hear a
bleep and if you look at the screen youll see a red circle indicating the
position where you should stand. When the red circle blinks, information
from the platform is recorded.
Youll hear a new bleep and the red circle moves to the bottom centre. You
must change your position on the plate accordingly. Remember to stand in
a steady position while the red circle is blinking.
Above sequence is automatically repeated for lower left, left, upper left,
upper, upper right, right and lower right position on the force plate. After
each bleep you move your body to the position indicated by the red circle.
When data from all nine positions have been recorded, new sensor Gain
values are automatically calculated (A).
Select OK to save the data and your force platform is ready for use.

The Gain values just recorded should not change over time, so you do not need to
repeat the above procedure every time you are about to use the platform. Once a
year should normally do. You may however calibrate the platform as often as you
like.
Remember that first time you make a test, you must specifically select the force
platform you just registered and calibrated. Also while making tests it is a good habit
to zero calibrate the platform prior to each test. This is easily done on the fly in the
Force platform test window by pressing Zero platform button. Zero values (also
called sensor offset values) tend to change slightly during use of the platform. This
happens for example if the platform is displaced on the floor causing slight change in
weight distribution on the four load cells.

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When the various sensors are used

You dont need to use all the sensors in all tests. Normally you will need only one sensor to run a test, but in
some cases you can optionally add more.
Angle
sensor

Force
sensor

Rotary
encoder

Power and
force velocity

Linear
encoder

Acceler
ometer

EMG
sensor

Contact- Photomat
cells

Force
platform

Advanced test

Force platform
test

O
O

Jump test

X - or
force
platform

Sprint test

O (used
to start
timer)

Run analysis
YoYo
MultiGym

X - or
contactmat*

X= Required, O = Optional
*Using force platform only Squat Jump and Countermovement Jump are available.

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Caution
Safety precautions
The MuscleLab unit is designed and manufactured to be a safe device to use, both for the patient and the
operator. It is however essential that the below directions for use is not violated. Ergotest Technology a.s. takes
no responsibility for any accidents that may occur as a result of incorrect use of MuscleLab.

Power supply: Use only power supply type MW160 that is designed and tested with MuscleLab. Using other
types may seriously violate the safety standard of the product.

Connecting MuscleLab to PC: The USB serial line is designed for connection to an external computing device,
such as a personal computer (PC). This external device must provide an isolation barrier from mains supply of
minimum 1.5kV. (Ref. IEC950)

See page 17 for symbol explanations.

General product precautions and maintenance

For safety do not disassemble or modify MuscleLab or its supplied accessories. Do not use the system in places
subject to excessive humidity, dust, shock or vibration. Protect the units from becoming wet and do not drop or
strike the units against hard objects.

Cleaning
Wipe the parts with a soft damp cloth. You may use some mild soap solution but no strong chemicals. This
cleaning procedure applies to the MuscleLab main unit and all its recognized accessories.

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MuscleLab main unit - type 4000/4000e

All serviceable parts should be maintained exclusively by Ergotest Technology a.s, or
representative authorized thereof.

Recognized accessories
The following parts are designed and recognized fore use with MuscleLab. Do not connect other devices without
consulting Ergotest Technology.

Sensor - Linear encoder type ET-Enc-02

There are no serviceable parts inside the linear encoder. All repair or service should be left to Ergotest
Technology a.s. or representative authorized thereof.

Angle sensor Biometrics

There are no serviceable parts inside the Angle sensor. All repair or service should be left to Ergotest
Technology a.s. or representative authorized thereof.

Power supply - type MW160.

Input 100 - 240V, 50-60Hz

Output 12VDC, 3.5A.

EMG preamplifier type ET-Emg-02

There are no serviceable parts inside the EMG preamplifier. All repair or service should be left to Ergotest
Technology a.s. or representative authorized thereof.

Accelerometer type ET-Acc-02

There are no serviceable parts ni side the Accelerometer. All repair or service should be left to Ergotest
Technology a.s. or representative authorized thereof.

Contact mat type ET-Irm-01

There are no serviceable parts inside the contact mat. All repair or service should be left to Ergotest Technology
a.s. or representative authorized thereof.
Force plate type ET-PLT-02

There are no serviceable parts inside the force plate. All repair or service should be left to Ergotest Technology
a.s. or representative authorized thereof.

Photo cell type WL170-N132

There are no serviceable parts inside the photocells. All repair or service should be left to Ergotest Technology
a.s. or representative authorized thereof.
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Symbol explanations

Type BF. Applies to MuscleLab main unit - type 4000/4000e. The four EMG channels are marked with this
symbol. These outputs are safely isolated from all other parts of MuscleLab or detached devices. That means that
the EMG electrodes connected to these outputs can be safely applied to the patient.

Type B. Applies to MuscleLab main unit - type 4000/4000e. The MuscleLab unit is of type B, except the
EMG channels. See type BF above. That is that MuscleLab and its detached devices are isolated to provide
sufficient protection against electric shock.

Class II - Double insulated. Applies to Power supply -

type MW160.

Attention, consult the user manual. Applies to MuscleLab main unit - type 4000/4000e and Power supply - type
MW160.

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Appendix
Terminology
Below you will find the definitions of some of the technical terms used:

Term

Unit

Explanation

Velocity (V)
Force (F)
Power (P)
Displacement (D)
Work (W)
Energy (E)

meters per second [m/s]

Newton [N]
Watt [W]
meters [m]
Joule [J]
Kilo calories [Kcal]

The speed of which the load is moved

The pressure applied F = m x g + m x a
Speed-strength P = F x v
Distance load moved
Mechanical work W = m x g x D
Bio-chemical energy expenditure

For further details:

Term

Unit Explanation

mass (m)

kg

acceleration (a)

m/s2

gravity (g)

m/s2

Mass is connected to weight and inertia. The weight (Force) is found by

multiplying the mass with gravity, F = m x g. The force required to change
the velocity of a mass is found by multiplying the mass with the
acceleration, F = m x a
Change of velocity in function of time:
Change of velocity divided by time it took to change velocity
Constant acceleration caused by earth gravity = 9.81 m/s2

Abbreviations
Abbreviation

Explanation

AP

Average Power

AF

Average Force

AV

Average Velocity

pV

peak Velocity

tpV

time to peak Velocity

Displacement

bw

body weight

Int V

Interval Velocity

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Technical Data
General
Operating temperature
Power input
Safety isolating transformer
MuscleLab output power
Rechargeable external battery
Battery capacity/charge time
Computer interface

Dimension, weight Model 4000/4000e

0 to +70 C
12VDC, 2A
Input: 100V-240VAC, 50/60Hz
Output: 12VDC, 3.5A
12VDC - 2A , 5VDC - 1A
Type Lithium-Ion, 12V, 4000mAh (101x69x25mm,190g)
Up to 8 hours / Approx. 4 hours.
USB or
- optionally Bluetooth Wireless link (103x70x28mm,100g)
(205x108x38mm,390g) /(205x108x38mm,430g)

Sensors
The following sensors are sampled at a frequency of 100Hz. This gives time resolution of 10ms
Linear encoder resolution
Rotary encoder resolution
Angle sensors range

< 0.075 mm
Standard: 200 Pulses/Revolution, others available on request
15 - 320 degrees

Electromyography (EMG Model 4000e only)

Number of channels
:8
Technique
: Full wave true R.M.S. conversion of signal from pre-amplifier
Sampling frequency
: 100 Hz (Sampling of converted signal)
Averaging window
: 100 ms (averaging is analogue)
Resolution
: 16 bit A/D converter
EMG pre-amplifier
Voltage supply
Input impedance
Input bias current
Common mode rejection rate
Input noise level (1kHz band with)
Output voltage level
Gain at 100Hz
-3dB low cut frequency
-3dB high cut frequency

: 5VDC
: 1012ohm
: 4pA
: 100 dB
: 20nV/Hz-2
: 4V
: 1000
: 8Hz
: 1.2kHz

The timer inputs are independent of sampling frequency

Contact mat, photocell

: Timer input resolution

< 2us

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CE marking
On next page you will find the declaration of conformity, which is your guarantee that the MuscleLab complies
with the appropriate safety and quality rules.

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY/MANUFACTURERS DECLARATION

According to the EC/EEA Medical Directive 93/42/EEC

Type of equipment
Electro medical measuring device for evaluation of muscular behavior
Brand designation or trade mark
MuscleLab, Ergotest Technology a.s., P.O. Box 65, N3970 Langesund Norway
Type designation etc.
MuscleLab Model PFMA 4000/4000e
The following harmonized standards or technical specifications (designations) which comply with good
engineering practice in safety matters in force within the EEA have been applied:
1. EMC
: EN60601-1-2 ( 1993 )
2. Safety
: EN60601-1-1 ( 1990 ) + A1 ( 1993 ) + A2 ( 1995 ) + A12 ( 1993 ) + A13 ( 1996 ) +
Corrigenda ( July 1994 )

The equipment conforms completely to the above stated harmonized standards or technical
specifications.
By signing this document, the undersigned declares as manufacturer that the equipment in question
complies with the safety requirements stated above.

Manufacturer
Date

Signature

7. Jan. 2003

Position:
Managing Director
Ole J. Olsen

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