Professional Documents
Culture Documents
required in a parenthetical citation depends: (1) upon the source medium (e.g. Print, Web,
electronic, DVD) and (2) upon the sources entry on the Works Cited (bibliography) page.
- The list of Works Cited must feature ALL the works cited in the paper, both directly and
indirectly.
- A list of Bibliography should accompany the list of Works Cited. This must be arranged
alphabetically, according to Primary Readings and Reference Works, including the
electronic sources, as the case may be.
- Any source information that you provide in brackets in-text must correspond to the
source information on the Works Cited page.
- Quotations longer than four lines of prose or two lines of verse must be indented by
1.27 cm, on the left side only, and separated from the main body of the text.
Keep the parenthetical references brief and minimal e.g. authors surname (when not
given in or following from the body text), year (when several works by the same author
figure on the Works Cited list) and page no. Lists of general bibliography alone are
unacceptable.
Direct Citation:
Following is a series of main cases of citation. For further specifics, see the MLA
Handbook:
(1) Short, in-text quotation (for elliptical or short quotations under 3 lines):
In his discussion of The Pathology of Language in Consciousness and the
Acquisition of Language, Merleau-Ponty canvasses the depersonalisation of the
subject who no longer has the impression that he coincides with his own speech. He
writes that this is the germ of the illusion of a speech which is foreign to him (1979:
67).
Kellner, D. and Steven Best. Postmodern Theory: Critical Interrogations. New York:
Guilford Press, 1991.
(3) Long quotation, name of author(s) not given in the body text:
The infelicitous condition of postmodern theory and practice, of both embodying
and representing the desert of reality, the always already of the present moment, is
what makes for Postmodernisms entry into its own obsolescence:
This act of self-reflection is unstable, as all autobiographies must be which try to
understand a life in the very process of living, it must be unstable --and this is the essence
of the second difficulty I mentioned here. Put still another way: postmodernism has
changed, zig-zagged, in the very process of revealing itself, as we have changed in the
process of living our lives. (Hassan 2000: 12-13)
Works Cited entry:
Hassan, Ihab. What Was Postmodernism and What Will It Become? in 20th Century
American Literature after Midcentury, International Conference Proceedings (Kyiv,
25-27 May, 1999). Kyiv: Publishing Dovira, 2000.
(4) Citing an article in a journal:
Wilcox, Rhonda V. "Shifting Roles and Synthetic Women in Star Trek: The Next
Generation." Studies in Popular Culture 13.2 (1991): 53-65.
difference is that other cultures died because of their singularity, which is a beautiful death.
We are dying because we are losing our own singularity and exterminating all our values.
(Baudrillard 2003, online article)
To cite two or more books by the same author(s), give the name(s) in the first entry
only. Thereafter, in place of the name(s), type hyphens, followed by a period and the
title. The three hyphens stand for exactly the same names) as in the preceding entry:
Durant, Will and Ariel Durant. The Age of Voltaire. New York: Simon, 1965.
- - -. A Dual Autobiography. New York: Simon, 1977.
(11) Citing a book by a corporate author:
A book can be authored by a commission, an association, a committee, or any other
group whose individual members are not identified on the title page (applies to
government publications). Cite the book by the corporate author, even if the corporate
author is the publisher:
American Medical Association. The American Medical Association Enclycopedia of
Medicine. New York: Random, 1989.
(12)
(a) To cite a book by two or three authors, give the names in the same order as on the
title page (not necessarily in alphabetical order). Reverse only the name of the first
author, add a comma, and give the other name or names in regular form (Wellek,
Ren, and Austin Warren). Place a period after the last name:
Jakobson, Roman, and Linda R. Waugh. The Sound Shape of Language.
Bloomington: Indian UP, 1979.
(b) If there are more than three authors, you may name only the first and add et al.
(and others), or you may give all names in full in the order in which they appear on
the title page:
Gilman, Sander, et al. Hysteria beyond Freud. Berkeley: U of California P, 1993.
Indirect Citation:
When direct sources are not available and someone elses published account of another
persons words are used, introduce qtd in (quoted in) before the indirect source the
abbreviation.
Punctuation with Titles and Citation:
- Titles of full-length volumes, books etc should be in italics, as well as words singled out
for emphasis, single foreign words not naturalised in English and foreign phrases.
- No other form of emphasis (capitals, bold, large print, etc.) should be used, and
careful, sparing use of inverted commas is recommended.
- Do not underline, italicise or use inverted commas or block capitals in main title and
chapter titles. Use inverted commas or italics only to mark titles within titles.
- Do not use a period after titles or after any headings in the paper.
- Quotations within the main body of the text should be in double inverted commas.
- Words or phrases used in an unusual way, upon first appearance in that acceptation,
should be in single inverted commas.
- Quotations within quotations should be in single inverted commas.
- Omissions within quotations should be indicated by means of ellipsis (three points
within square brackets, each point separated by a space).
- Changes, or additions within quotations, are marked by square brackets, but not
elisions. Changes and comments at the end of the quote should be in round brackets.
- Spelling may follow either British or American conventions, but should be consistent
throughout the paper.
- Quotations in languages other than English: all quotations in languages other than
English will be given in original with a translation provided as a Footnote.
PLAGIARISM
Plagiarism is a serious offence that can be described as theft of intellectual
property. It is considered the most severe infringement of academic integrity and
consists of presenting another persons ideas, concepts, wording, phrasing,
drawings, graphs, etc. as ones own without acknowledging
the source of the information. Rephrasing, adapting or restating the original
writers ideas by changing the original word order without acknowledging the
source does not exempt one from the responsibility of documenting the source.
To avoid committing plagiarism, credit must always be given to someone else's ideas,
opinions, theories, facts, statistics, graphs and drawings which are not considered
common knowledge.
Common knowledge is information found in numerous places and known by many
people. E. g. English is a Germanic language.
Plagiarism is a felony and therefore grounds for expulsion from the Higher
Education institution.
Use quotation marks for the titles of works published within larger works
(articles/essays/short poems/short stories/chapters of books);
Note that punctuation with quotation marks (regular and single) is:
. and , or . and ,
Use regular quotation marks for quoted syntagms etc. and single quotation marks for
syntagms, phrases, etc. employed ironically or in a figurative meaning;
For mottos use suggested format for long quotes (Font 11, centred etc.);
When documenting articles in journals, remember to give the inclusive page numbers
of the article, e.g. 11-32.
When citing/quoting from titles of articles, indicate length of article (e.g. 5-14)/length
plus appropriate page number documenting quotation (e.g. 5-14, 9).
Use ibid., idem, and op. cit. to enter a quote from/reference to a book whose
title is entered above.
Use I for the author and we when you refer to the author and the reader or to
several authors.
Incorporate pictures, graphs, questionnaires, text samples and longer material in the
appendices/annexes section.
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Lucrare de licen
ABSOLVENT
COORDONATOR
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HEADER:
BABE-BOLYAI UNIVERSITY, CLUJ-NAPOCA
FACULTY OF LETTERS
DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED MODERN LANGUAGES
GRADUATION THESIS
GRADUATE
THESIS ADVISER
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