IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN)

ISSN (e): 2250-3021, ISSN (p): 2278-8719

Vol. 05, Issue 09 (September. 2015), ||V2|| PP 01-09

www.iosrjen.org

Random Fixed Point TheoremsIn Metric Space

Balaji R Wadkar1, Ramakant Bhardwaj2, Basantkumar Singh3
1

(Dept. of Mathematics, S R C O E Lonikand, Pune & Research scholar of AISECT University, Bhopal,
India) wbrlatur@gmail.com
2
(Dept. of Mathematics, TIT Group of Institutes (TIT &E) Bhopal (M.P), India) rkbhardwaj100@gmail.com
3
(Principal, AISECT University, Bhopal-Chiklod Road, Near BangrasiaChouraha, Bhopal, (M.P), India)
dr.basantsingh73@gmail.com

Abstract: - The present paper deals with some fixed point theorem for Random operator in metric spaces. We
find unique Random fixed point operator in closed subsets of metric spaces by considering a sequence of
measurable functions.
AMS Subject Classification: 47H10, 54H25.
Keywords: Fixed point,Common fixed point,Metric space, Borelsubset, Random Operator.

I.

INTRODUCTION

Fixed point theory is one of the most dynamic research subjects in nonlinear sciences. Regarding the
feasibility of application of it to the various disciplines, a number of authors have contributed to this theory with
a number of publications. The most impressing result in this direction was given by Banach, called the Banach
contraction mapping principle: Every contraction in a complete metric space has a unique fixed point. In fact,
Banach demonstrated how to find the desired fixed point by offering a smart and plain technique. This
elementary technique leads to increasing of the possibility of solving various problems in different research
fields. This celebrated result has been generalized in many abstract spaces for distinct operators.
Random fixed point theory is playing an important role in mathematics and applied sciences. At present it
received considerable attentation due to enormous applications in many important areas such as nonlinear
analysis, probability theory and for thestudy of Random equations arising in various applied areas.
In recent years, the study of random fixed point has attracted much attention some of the recent
literature in random fixed point may be noted in [1, 5, 6, 8]. The aimof this paper is to prove some random
fixed point theorem.Before presenting our results we need some preliminaries that include relevant definition.

II.

PRELIMINARIES

Throughout this paper, (,)denotes a measurable space, X be a metric space andC is non-empty subset of X.
Definition 2.1: A function f:C is said to be measurable if f '(BC) for every Borelsubset B of X.
Definition 2.2: A function f:C C is said to be random operator, iff (.,X):C is measurable for every X
C.
Definition 2.3: A random operator f:C C is said to be continuous if for fixedt ,f(t,.):CC is continuous.
Definition 2.4: A measurable function g:C is said to be random fixed pointof the random operator f:C
C, if f (t, g(t) )=g(t), t .
III.
Main Results
Theorem (3.1): Let (X, d) be a complete metric space and E be a continuous self-mappings such that
d g ( ), E { , g ( )} d h ( ), E { , h ( )} d g ( ), E { , h ( )}

d g ( ), h ( ) d h ( ), E { , g ( )} d h ( ), E { , h ( )}

d ( E { , g ( )}, E { , h ( )})

2
d g ( ), E { , h ( )} d h ( ), E { , h ( )}
[ d g ( ), h ( ) ]

d g ( ), E { , g ( )} d h ( ), E { , h ( )}
[ d g ( ), E { , h ( )} d h ( ), E { , g ( )} ]

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Random Fixed Point TheoremInMetric Spaces

d g ( ), E { , g ( )} d h ( ), E { , h ( )}
d g ( ), h ( )

(3.1.1)

[ d g ( ), h ( ) ]

Forall g ( ) ) and

with g ( ) h ( ) , where , , , ,
1 , then E has a unique fixed point in X.

h ( ) X

2 2

: R

[ 0 ,1 )

are such that

Proof:Let {gn}be a sequence, define d as follows

g n { } E { , g n 1 ( )} , n = 1,2,3,4
If

g n { } g n 1 { }

So let

for some n then the result follows immediately.

g n ( ) g n 1 ( )

for all n then

d g n ( ), g n 1 ( ) d E { , g n 1 ( )}, E { , g n ( )}

d g n 1 ( ), E { , g n 1 ( )} d g n ( ), E { , g n ( )} d g n 1 ( ), E { , g n ( )}

d g n 1 ( ), g n ( ) d g n ( ), E { , g n 1 ( )} d g n ( ), E { , g n ( )}

d g n 1 ( ), g n ( ) d g n 1 ( ), E { , g n ( )} d g n ( ), E { , g n ( )}

d g n 1 ( ), E { , g n 1 ( )} d g n ( ), E { , g n ( )}
d g n 1 ( ), E { , g n ( )} d g n ( ), E { , g n 1 ( )}

d g n 1 ( ), E { , g n 1 ( )} d g n ( ), E { , g n ( )}
d g n 1 ( ), g n ( )

. d g n 1 ( ), g n ( )

d g n 1 ( ), g n ( ) d g n ( ), g n 1 ( ) d g n 1 ( ), g n 1 ( )

d g n 1 ( ), g n ( ) d g n ( ), g n ( ) d g n ( ), g n 1 ( )

2
d g n 1 ( ), g n ( ) d g n 1 ( ), g n 1 ( ) d g n ( ), g n 1 ( )

d g n 1 ( ), g n ( ) d g n ( ), g n 1 ( )
d g n 1 ( ), g n 1 ( ) d g n ( ), g n ( )

d g n 1 ( ), g n ( ) d g n ( ), g n 1 ( )
d g n 1 ( ), g n ( )

. d g n 1 ( ), g n ( )

d g n 1 ( ), g n ( ) d g n ( ), g n 1 ( ) d g n 1 ( ), g n 1 ( )

d g n 1 ( ), g n 1 ( ) d g n ( ), g n 1 ( )

d g n 1 ( ), g n ( ) d g n ( ), g n 1 ( )
d g n 1 ( ), g n ( ) d g n ( ), g n 1 ( )
.d g

.d g

n 1

( ), g

n 1

( ), g

( )
( )

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Random Fixed Point TheoremInMetric Spaces

d g n 1 ( ), g n ( ) d g n 1 ( ), g n ( ) d g n ( ), g n 1 ( )
d g n 1 ( ), g n ( ) d g n ( ), g n 1 ( ) . d g n ( ), g n 1 ( )
. d g n 1 ( ), g n ( )

( ). d g n 1 ( ), g n ( ) ( ) d g n ( ), g n 1 ( )

(1 ) d g n ( ), g n 1 ( ) ( ). d g n 1 ( ), g n ( )

d g n ( ), g

n 1

( )

( ).

(1 )
.......... ..

( ).
(1 )

Thus by triangle inequality, we have for

d g

n 1

( ), g n ( )

d g 0 ( ), g 1 ( )

m n

d g n ( ), g m ( ) d g n ( ), g n 1 ( ) d g n 1 ( ), g n 2 ( ) ....... d g m 1 ( ), g m ( )
(s

Where

n 1

n2

.... s

( ).
(1 )

m 1

) d g 0 ( ), g 1 ( )

since

2 2 1

Therefore
d g n ( ), g m ( )

1 s

d g 0 ( ), g 1 ( ) 0 , as m , n

being complete, there exist some

p X

. Hence the sequence {gn}is a Cauchy sequence, X

such that

E ( , u ( )) E lim g n ( ) lim . E { , g n ( )} lim g n 1 ( ) u ( )

n
n
n

Therefore

u ( )

is a fixed point of E.

Uniqueness:Let if possible there exist another fixed point v ( ) of E in X, such that

(3.1.1) we have

u ( ) v ( )

then from

d u ( ), v ( ) d E { , u ( )}, E { , v ( )}
d u ( ), E { , u ( )} d v ( ), E { , v ( )} d u ( ), E { , v ( )}

d u ( ), v ( ) d v ( ), E { , u ( )} d v ( ), E { , v ( )}

[ d u ( ), v ( ) ] 2 d u ( ), E { , v ( )} d v ( ), E { , v ( )}

d u ( ), E { , u ( )} d v ( ), E { , v ( )}
d u ( ), E { , v ( )} d v ( ), E { , u ( )}

d u ( ), E { , u ( )} d v ( ), E { , v ( )}
d u ( ), v ( )

. d u ( ), v ( )
d u ( ), v ( ) d v ( ), u ( ) . d u ( ), v ( )
( 2 ) d u ( ), v ( )

d u ( ), v ( ) ( 2 ) d u ( ), v ( )

Since

2 2 1 2 1

d u ( ), v ( ) d u ( ), v ( )

This is contradiction, so u ( ) v ( ) .
This completes the proof of the theorem (3.1.1). We now prove another theorem.

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Random Fixed Point TheoremInMetric Spaces

Theorem (3.2): Let Ebe a self-mapping of a complete metric space (X, d), if for some positive integer p, E p is
continuous, then E has unique fixed point in X.
Proof:Let g n be sequence which converges to some. u X . Therefore its subsequence g n also converges
k

to u also
p

Therefore

( , u ( )) E

u ( )

lim g n ( ) lim E

, g n

( ) lim g n
k

is a fixed point of E p , we now show that E ( , u ( ))

Let m be the smallest positive integer such that E

by (3.1.1) we get,

k 1

( ) u ( )

u ( )

( , u ( )) u ( ) and

.
q

u ( ), 1 q m 1

, If m>1 then

{ , u ( )}, E { , u ( )}
d E ( E
{ , u ( )}), E { , u ( )}

d u ( ), E { , u ( )} d E

m 1

d E m 1 { , u ( )}, E m { , u ( )} . d u ( ), E { , u ( )} . d E m 1 { , u ( )}, E { , u ( )}

d E m 1 { , u ( )}, u ( ) . d u ( ), E m { , u ( )} d u ( ), E { , u ( )}

2
m 1
m 1

d E
{ , u ( )}, u ( )
d E
{ , u ( )}, E { , u ( )} d u ( ), E { , u ( )}

d E

m 1

d E

d E

d E

m 1

{ , u ( )}, E

d E

m 1

m 1

m 1

{ , u ( )}, E

{ , u ( )} d u ( ), E { , u ( )}

{ , u ( )}, E { , u ( )} d u ( ), E

{ , u ( )}, u ( )

m 1

d E

d E

d E
d E

d E

E { , u ( )} d u ( ), u ( )

{ , u ( )}, u ( ) d u ( ), E { , u ( )}

{ , u ( )},

m 1

{ , u ( )}, u ( ) . d u ( ), E { , u ( )}

m 1
d E
{ , u ( )}, u ( )

m 1

d E m 1 { , u ( )}, u ( ) . d u ( ), E { , u ( )} . d E m 1 { , u ( )}, E { , u ( )}

d E m 1 { , u ( )}, u ( ) . d u ( ), u ( ) . d u ( ), E { , u ( )}

2
m 1
m 1
d E
{ , u ( )}, u ( )
d E
{ , u ( )}, E { , u ( )} d u ( ), E { , u ( )}

m 1

d E

{ , u ( )}

{ , u ( )} d u ( ), E { , u ( )}

{ , u ( )}, u ( )

d E

{ , u ( )}, u ( )

{ , u ( )}, u ( ) d u ( ), E { , u ( )}
{ , u ( )}, d ( u ( ) . d u ( ), E { , u ( )}

m 1

{ , u ( )}, u ( )

m 1

m 1

d u ( ), E { , u ( )}

d E

m 1

{ , u ( )}, u ( )

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Random Fixed Point TheoremInMetric Spaces

( ) d E

m 1

{ , u ( )}, u ( ) ( ) d u ( ), E { , u ( )}

(1 ) d u ( ), E { , u ( )} ( ) d E

( )

d u ( ), E { , u ( )}

d u ( ), E { , u ( )} s . d E

Further,

d E

m 1

m 1

{ , u ( )}, u ( ) d E

s .d E
..........
s

Therefore
d u ( ), E { , u ( )}

d E

(1 )

{ , u ( )}, E
m 1

{ , u ( )}, u ( )

{ , u ( )}, u ( )

{ , u ( )}, u ( )

where

{ , u ( )}

m 1

{ , u ( )}, E

..........

m 1

m 1

m 1

m2

{ , u ( )}

( )
(1 )

....

d u ( ), E { , u ( )}

d u ( ), E { , u ( )}

d u ( ), E { , u ( )}
Which is contradiction, therefore u ( ) is fixed point of E.That is u ( )

E { , u ( )}

.This completes the proof.

Theorem (3.3): Let E be a self-mapping of a complete metric space X such that for some positive integer m,
E

Satisfies

d E

{ , g ( )}, E

{ , h ( )}

d g ( ), E m { , g ( )} . d h ( ), E m { , h ( )} . d g ( ), E m { , h ( )}

d g ( ), h ( ) . d h ( ), E m { , g ( )} . d h ( ), E m { , h ( )}

.
2
m
m
d g ( ), h ( ) d g ( ), E { , h ( )} . d h ( ), E { , h ( )}

d g ( ), E

d g ( ), E

d g ( ), E

{ , h ( )} d h ( ), E { , g ( )}
{ , g ( )} d h ( ), E { , h ( )}

{ , g ( )} d h ( ), E

{ , h ( )}

d g ( ), h ( )

(3.3.1)

d g ( ), h ( )

For all g ( ) ) and

h ( ) X

2 2 1

Proof: E

with g ( )

h ( )

, where

, , , , : R

[ 0 ,1 )

are such that

,if for some positive integer m,E is continuous, then E has a unique fixed point in X.

has unique fixed point u ( ) in X follows from theorem (3.2).

E { , u ( )} E ( E

( , u ( ))) E

E { , u ( )}

unique fixed point u ( ) , so E { , u ( )}

u ( )

, Which implies that

E { , u ( )}

is fixed point of E

but has

Since any fixed point of E is also a fixed point of E . It follows that u ( ) is unique fixed point of E. This
completes the proof of (3.3).We now prove another theorem.
m

Theorem 3.4: Let E & F be a pair of self-mappings of a complete metric space X, satisfying the following
conditions:
d E { , g ( )}, F { , h ( )}

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Random Fixed Point TheoremInMetric Spaces

d g ( ), E { , g ( )} . d h ( ), F { , h ( )} . d g ( ), F { , h ( )}

d g ( ), h ( ) . d h ( ), E { , g ( )} . d h ( ), F { , h ( )}

[ d g ( ), h ( ) ] 2 d g ( ), F { , h ( )} . d h ( ), F { , h ( )}

d g ( ), E { , g ( )} d h ( ), F { , h ( )}
d g ( ), F { , h ( )} d h ( ), E { , g ( )}

d g ( ), E { , g ( )} d h ( ), F { , h ( )}
d g ( ), h ( )

(3.4.1)

. d g ( ), h ( )

For all g ( ) ),

h ( ) X

with g ( )

h ( )

,where

, , , , : R

[ 0 ,1 )

are such that

2 2 1

,if E & F are continuous on X , then E& F have a unique fixed point in X.
Proof:Let g n be a continuous sequence defined as

g n ( )
Now

E , g

n 1

( )

n is even

F , g

n 1

( )

n is odd

and g n { }

g n 1 { }

for all n.

d g 2 n ( ), g 2 n 1 ( ) d E { , g 2 n 1 ( )}, F { , g 2 n ( )}
d g 2 n 1 ( ), E { , g 2 n 1 ( )} . d g 2 n ( ), F { , g 2 n ( )} . d g 2 n 1 ( ), F { , g 2 n ( )}

d g 2 n 1 ( ), g 2 n ( ) . d g 2 n ( ), E { , g 2 n 1 ( )} d g 2 n ( ), F { , g 2 n ( )}

d g 2 n 1 ( ), g 2 n ( ) d g 2 n 1 ( ), F { , g 2 n ( )} . d g 2 n ( ), F { , g 2 n ( )} .

d g 2 n 1 ( ), E { , g 2 n 1 ( )} . d g 2 n ( ), F { , g 2 n ( )}
d g 2 n 1 ( ), E { , g 2 n ( )} d g 2 n ( ), E { , g 2 n 1 ( )}

d g 2 n 1 ( ), E { , g 2 n 1 ( )} . d g 2 n ( ), F { , g 2 n ( )}
d g 2 n 1 ( ), g 2 n ( )

. d g 2 n 1 ( ), g 2 n ( )

d g 2 n 1 ( ), g 2 n ( ) . d g 2 n ( ), g 2 n 1 ( ) . d g 2 n 1 ( ), g 2 n 1 ( )

d g 2 n 1 ( ), g 2 n ( ) . d g 2 n ( ), g 2 n ( ) d g 2 n ( ), g 2 n 1 ( )

d g 2 n 1 ( ), g 2 n ( ) d g 2 n 1 ( ), g 2 n 1 ( ) . d g 2 n ( ), g 2 n 1 ( )

d g 2 n 1 ( ), g 2 n ( ) d g 2 n ( ), g 2 n 1 ( )
d g 2 n 1 ( ), g 2 n 1 ( ) d g 2 n ( ), g 2 n ( )

d g 2 n 1 ( ), g 2 n ( ) . d g 2 n ( ), g 2 n 1 ( )
d g 2 n 1 ( ), g 2 n ( )

. d g 2 n 1 ( ), g 2 n ( )

g 2 n 1 ( ),

g 2 n ( )

d g 2 n 1 ( ), g 2 n ( ) d g 2 n ( ), g 2 n 1 ( )
d g 2 n 1 ( ), g 2 n ( ) d g 2 n ( ), g 2 n 1 ( )

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Random Fixed Point TheoremInMetric Spaces

.d g 2 n ( ), g 2 n 1 ( ) .d g 2 n 1 ( ), g 2 n ( )

( ) d g 2 n 1 ( ), g 2 n ( ) ( ) d g 2 n ( ), g 2 n 1 ( )
(1 ) d g 2 n ( ), g 2 n 1 ( ) ( ) d g 2 n 1 ( ), g 2 n ( )
d g 2 n ( ), g 2 n 1 ( )

( )
(1 )

d g 2 n 1 ( ), g 2 n ( )

d g 2 n ( ), g 2 n 1 ( ) s .d g 2 n 1 ( ), g 2 n ( )

where

( )
(1 )

Similarly
d g 2 n ( ), g 2 n 1 ( ) s . d g 2 n 2 ( ), g 2 n 1 ( )
2

..........

..........

........

..........

..........

..........

2 n.

d g 0 ( ), g 1 ( )

2 n 1 .
d g 0 ( ), g 1 ( )
Hence d g 2 n 1 ( ), g 2 n 2 ( ) s

Hence the sequence { g n } is a Cauchy sequence in X and X being complete, therefore there exist
such that

lim g n ( ) u ( )

the subsequence

u ( )

in X

g nk u ( )

Now, if EF is continuous on X then

EF ( , u ( )) EF { lim
k

g n ( )} lim
k

gn

k 1

( ) u ( )

Thus EF { , u ( )} u ( ) i.e. u ( ) is fixed point of EF.

Now we show that F { , u ( )} u ( ) . If F { , u ( )} u ( ) , then
d u ( ), F { , u ( )} d EF { , u ( )}, F { , u ( )}
d F { , u ( )}, EF { , u ( )} d u ( ), F { , u ( )} d F { , u ( )}, F { , u ( )}

d F { , u ( )}, u ( ) d u ( ), EF { , u ( )} d u ( ), F { , u ( )

d F { , u ( )}, u ( ) d F { , u ( )}, F { , u ( )} d u ( ), F { , u ( )}

d F { , u ( )}, EF { , u ( )} d u ( ), F { , u ( )}
d F { , u ( )}, F { , u ( )} d u ( ), EF { , u ( )

d F { , u ( )}, EF { , u ( )} d u ( ), F { , u ( )}
d F { , u ( )}, u ( )

d F { , u ( )}, u ( )

d F { , u ( )}, u ( ) d u ( ), F { , u ( )} d F { , u ( )}, F { , u ( )}

d F { , u ( )}, u ( ) d u ( ), u ( )} d u ( ), F { , u ( )

d F { , u ( )}, u ( ) d F { , u ( )}, F { , u ( )} d u ( ), F { , u ( )}

d F { , u ( )}, u ( ) d u ( ), F { , u ( )}
d F { , u ( )}, F { , u ( )} d u ( ), u ( )

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Random Fixed Point TheoremInMetric Spaces

d F { , u ( )}, u ( ) d u ( ), F { , u ( )}
d F { , u ( )}, u ( )

d F { , u ( )}, u ( )
d F { , u ( )}, u ( ) d u ( ), F { , u ( )} d F { , u ( )}, F { , u ( )}

d F { , u ( )}, u ( ) 2

2 d F { , u ( )}, u ( ) 0 .d F { , u ( )}, u ( ) d F { , u ( )}, u ( )

2 d F { , u ( )}, u ( )
d F { , u ( )}, u ( ) 2 d F { , u ( )}, u ( )
d F { , u ( )}, u ( )

Since
2 2
Hence F { , u ( )} u ( ) .

implies that 2

Further d E { , u ( )}, u ( ) d E { , u ( )},

So u is common fixed point of E & F

u ( ) implies

that E { , u ( )}

u ( )

Uniqueness:
Let v ( ) is another common fixed point of E & F we have
d u ( ), v ( ) d E { , u ( )}, F { , v ( )}
d u ( ), E { , u ( )} d v ( ), F { , v ( )} d u ( ), F { , v ( )}

d u ( ), v ( ) d v ( ), E { , u ( )} d v ( ), F { , v ( )}

d u ( ), v ( ) d u ( ), F { , v ( )} d v ( ), F { , v ( )}

d u ( ), E { , u ( )} d v ( ), F { , v ( )}
d u ( ), F { , v ( )} d v ( ), E { , u ( )}

d u ( ), E { , u ( )} d v ( ), F { , v ( )}
d u ( ), v ( )

d u ( ), v ( )
d u ( ), u ( ) d v ( ), v ( ) d u ( ), v ( ) d u ( ), v ( ) d v ( ), u ( )} d v ( ), v ( )

d u ( ), v ( ) 2 d u ( ), v ( ) d v ( ), v ( )

d u ( ), u ( ) d v ( ), v ( )
d u ( ), v ( ) d v ( ), u ( )

d u ( ), u ( ) d v ( ), v ( )
d u ( ), v ( )

d u ( ), v ( )

2 d u ( ), v ( )
d u ( ), v ( ) 2 d u ( ), v ( )
d u ( ), v ( )

Because 2

1 . This implies u ( )

v ( )

.This completes the proof of (3.4)

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