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GPON Fundamentals
www.huawei.com
Huawei Confidential
Contents
Basic Concepts of PON
Overview of Optical Access Network
Analysis of GPON Standards
GPON Key Technologies
GPON Management and Service Provisioning
Basic Services over GPON Network
Huawei Confidential
Page 2
Huawei Confidential
Page 3
What is PON?
Passive Optical Network
Passive Optical
Splitter
ONU
ONU
PSTN
Internet
OLT
Passive Optical
Splitter
ONU
Optical Network Unit
CATV
Huawei Confidential
Page 4
Why GPON?
<1Mbps
Access
Technology
Coverage
diameter
Service
requirements
8M
3M
100M
ADSL/ADSL2+
VDSL / ADSL2+
PON
Copper Based
Copper Based
Fiber Based
<3km
<2km
VoD
HDTV
Game
2003
BD
~5km
<1km
Internet
Video conferencing
Remote control
2002
25M
Live TV
VoD
HDTV
2006
2010
Time
Huawei Confidential
Page 5
Concepts
APON: ATM Passive Optical Networks
EPON: Ethernet Passive Optical Networks
GE-PON: Giga-bit Ethernet Passive Optical Networks
GPON: Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Networks
Huawei Confidential
Page 6
1490nm
1310nm
To separate upstream/downstream signals of multiple users over a single fibre, GPON adopts
two multiplexing mechanism:
Huawei Confidential
Page 7
Broadcast mode
Huawei Confidential
Page 8
TDMA mode
Huawei Confidential
Page 9
EPON
Standard
ITU.T
IEEE
Rate
2.488G/1.244G
1.25G/1.25G
Split ratio
1:64~1:128
1:16~1:32
GEM
Ethernet
Broadband efficiency
92%
72%
Line encoding
NRZ
Power budget
Class A/B/C
Px10/Px20
Ranging
RTT
8B/10B
by adjusting EqD
DBA
Standard format
Defined by vendors
TDM support
CESoP / Native
CESoP
ONT interconnectivity
OMCI
None
OAM
powerful
Application mode
Multi-service/ FTTx
Maturity
Choice of carriers
Carriers
Enterprise Intranet
Huawei Confidential
Page 10
Shelf Layout
Fan tray
Power
21 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
G
I
G G G G G G G G S S
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
22 P P
U
P P P P P P C C P P P P P P P P
B B B B B B B B U U
B B B B B B B B 20
Power
C C C C C C C C
C C C C C C C C
CITA
G
I
U
The rightmost consists of two parts. The upper part (slot 19) and the lower
part (slot 20) are GE interface board slots (GIU) to provide uplink ports.
Huawei Confidential
Page 11
Boards
Type
Board
Name
Function
Main control
board
SCUL
Service board
GPBC
Uplink
interface
board
GICF
GE uplink optical
interface board
GICG
GE uplink electrical
interface board
X1CA
X2CA
ETHA
GE subtending
interface board
8 GE optical or electrical
ports
Functional
board
BIUA
General interface
board
Power board
PRTG
Huawei Confidential
External port
1 maintenance port
1 serial port
z
4 GPON ports
2 GE optical ports
z
2 GE electrical ports
z
1 power connector
Page 12
Huawei Confidential
Page 13
CO
BA
DSLAM
xDSL 2~20Mbps
ODN
2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up
FTTC
OLT
3.5-5km
Remote Business
Curb
m
250-700 ge
overa
Urban C
MDU
Multi-Dwelling Unit
2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up
FTTB
OLT
ONU
Optical Networks Unit
2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up
FTTH
OLT
ONT
Optical Networks Termination
Huawei Confidential
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Huawei Confidential
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Huawei Confidential
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GPON Standards
ITU-T G.984.1
ITU-T G.984.2
ITU-T G-984.1/2/3/4
ITU-T G.984.3
Specifications of TC layer in the GPON system
GTC multiplexing architecture and protocol
stack
GTC frame
ONU registration and activation
DBA specifications
1, Rewrite the DBA function used
Alarms and performancemathematical model.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
ITU-T G.984.4
OMCI message format
OMCI device management frame
OMCI working principle
Page 17
R/S
ODN
S/R
SNI
OLT
ONU/ONT
T reference point IFpon
WDM
NE
WDM
Optical
splitter
ONU
ONT
ODN
OLT
WDM
NE
Network Element
SNI
UNI
Huawei Confidential
IFpon
Service node
V reference point
NE
Page 18
Huawei Confidential
Page 19
OLT
IFpon
No backup on devices.
IFpon
Protected area
Secondary fibre
ONU#N
IFpon
ONU#1
OLT
IFpon
IFpon
2N optical splitter
ONU#N
IFpon
Protected area
IFpon
Huawei Confidential
Page 20
ONU#1
2N optical splitter
OLT
IFpon
IFpon
IFpon
IFpon
Whole-network protection
2N optical splitter
ONU#N
IFpon
IFpon
Type C All-backup
utilization.
Huawei Confidential
Page 21
It is complex to realize it
ONU#1
12 optical splitter
2N optical splitter
IFpon
IFpon
OLT
IFpon
IFpon
Protected
area of ONUs
Whole-network
protection
with a single port
ONU#N
IFpon
Huawei Confidential
Page 22
R/S
OLT
ONU
UNI
LT
M
U
X
PON LT(1)
Switch
SNI LT(1)
ODN(1)
PON LT(1)
PON LT(0)
Network
OLT
ODN(0)
PON LT(0)
Switch
SNI LT(0)
Dual parenting resilience refers to a system where PON protection is implemented using two OLT line
terminations that are provided in two separate OLT equipments. Such a scheme offers protection from
catastrophic failure of the OLT equipment, its power supply, and the physical locality where it is placed.
2.
Degraded link
3.
4.
OLT failure
Huawei Confidential
Page 23
Port
T-CONT Port
Port
T-CONT
ONT
GEM Port
GEM Port
T-CONT
Port
Port
T-CONT
IFpon
ONU-ID
identifies
ONUs
O
N
U
T-CONT
O
N
U
T-CONT Port
Port
Port
Alloc-IDs
identifies TCONTs
Port-ID
identifies GEM
ports
z
Huawei Confidential
Page 24
PON interface
function
PON TC
function
Service Shell
Service
adaptation
Cross
Connection
function
PON interface
function
PON TC
function
Service
adaptation
PON core shell consists of two parts: PON interface function and PON TC function. PON TC
function includes framing, media access control, OAM, DBA, and delineation of Protocol Data
Unit (PDU) for the cross connect function, and ONU management.
The Cross-connect shell provides a communication path between the PON core
shell and the Service shell, as well as cross-connect functionality.
Service Shell provides translation between service interfaces and TC frame
interface of the PON section.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 25
Service Shell
Service
adaptation
PON interface
function
PON TC
function
MUX/
DEMUX
PON interface
function
PON TC
function
Service
adaptation
The functional building blocks of the G-PON ONU are mostly similar to the
functional building blocks of the OLT. Since the ONU operates with only a single
PON Interface (or maximum 2 interfaces for protection purposes), the crossconnect function can be omitted. However, instead of this function, service MUX
and DMUX function is specified to handle traffic.
Huawei Confidential
Page 26
Pleas
e r
the re efer to
marks
Payload
Upstream
Bandwidth Map
ONT1
AllocID
Start
End
AllocID
Start
End
100
200
300
500
OLT
T-CONT1
(ONT 1)
T-CONT 2
(ONT 2)
Slot
Slot
100
200
Slot
The PLSu feature
300
is deprecated.
Slot
500
ONT64
PLOu
PLOAMu
DBRu
Payload x DBRu Y
Payload y
Upstream Framing
Huawei Confidential
Page 27
Pleas
e r
the re efer to
marks
Upstream Framing
PLI
Port ID
GEM
header
PTI
Frame
fragment
HEC
GEM
header
Full
frame
PLOu
PLOAMu
GEM
header
Frame
fragment
PLOu
ONT A
ONT B
Msg ID
1 bytes
DBRu z Payload z
DBA
1,2 bytes
Message
10 bytes
Huawei Confidential
CRC
1 bytes
Page 28
CRC
1 bytes
Mode 2 is
deprecated.
Psync
4 bytes
Payload
n
Ident
4 bytes
PCBd
n+1
PLOAMd
13 bytes
FEC Ind
1 bit
Reserved
1 bit
Payload
n
BIP
1 bytes
Plend
4 bytes
Plend
4 bytes
US BW Map
N*8 bytes
Access 1
8 bytes
Alloc ID
12 bits
Send PLS
1 bit
Pleas
e r
the re efer to
marks
Flags
12 bits
Send PLOAMn
1 bit
Huawei Confidential
Access 2
8 bytes
SStart
2 bytes
Use FEC
1 bit
Page 29
..
SStop
2 bytes
Access n
8 bytes
CRC
1 byte
GEM Frame
PLI
Port ID
PTI
HEC
TDM
TDM data
Payload
TDM fragment
z TDM frames are buffered and queued as they arrive, then TDM data is multiplexed
Huawei Confidential
Page 30
GEM Frame
PLI
Port ID
Preamble
SFD
5 bytes
PTI
CRC
DA
SA
Length\Type
GEM
Payload
z GPON system resolves Ethernet frames and then directly maps the data of frames
Huawei Confidential
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Huawei Confidential
Page 32
ONU2
Assigned EqD
Pre-Assigned
EqD
ONU3
Desired Reception
of SN Response
U/S BW Map
containing
Ranging Request
Desired Start of
U/S Frame
ONU
Pre-Assigned
Response
Sstart
EqD
Time
Actual Reception
of S/N Resonse
OLT
ONU in
Ranging
state
ONU1
Sstart
Huawei Confidential
Page 33
DBA
What is DBA?
--- DBA, Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment
--- DBA is a scheme facilitating dynamic bandwidth assignment at an interval of ns and us.???
Why DBA?
--- It enhances the uplink bandwidth utilization of PON ports.
--- More users can be added on a PON port.
--- Users can enjoy higher-bandwidth services, especially those requiring comparatively
greater change in terms of the bandwidth.
Huawei Confidential
Page 34
Based on service priorities, the system sets SLA for each ONU, restricting service bandwidth.
The maximum bandwidth and the minimum bandwidth pose limits to the bandwidth of each ONU, ensuring
various bandwidth for services of different priorities. In general, voice service enjoys the highest, then video
service and data service the lowest in terms of service priority.
OLT grants bandwidth based on services, SLA and the actual condition of the ONU. Services of higher priority
enjoy higher bandwidth.
Huawei Confidential
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Huawei Confidential
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Type1 T-CONT is of the fixed bandwidth type and mainly used for services sensitive to delay and services of
higher priorities, such as voice services.
Type2 and type3 T-CONT is of the guaranteed bandwidth type and mainly used for video services and data
services of higher priorities.
Type4 is of the best-effort type and mainly used for data services (such as Internet and email), and services of
lower priorities. These services do not require high bandwidth.
Type5 is of the mixed T-CONT type, involving all bandwidth types and bearing all services.
Huawei Confidential
Page 37
In mode (a), services are mapped into different T-CONT queues, and then ONU schedules and outputs the data
In mode (b), all services are mapped into type5 queues, and type5 contains four types of sub-queues. Then,
ONU ONU schedules and outputs the data waiting in queues based on the OLT grants.
Huawei Confidential
Page 38
ONU
DBA report
DBA algorithm
logic
Control
platform
BW Map
Data
platform
T-CONT
T-CONT
Time slot
Scheduler
T-CONT
z
DBA block in the OLT constantly collects information from DBA reports, and sends the algorithm result in the
form of BW Map to ONUs .
Based on the BW Map, each ONU sends upstream burst data on time slots specified to themselves and utilizes
the upstream bandwidth.
Huawei Confidential
Page 39
OLT
D/S Direction
PCBd
ONT
US BW
Map
Payload
U/S Direction
Data
Report
Huawei Confidential
Page 40
TM Operation
Traffic monitoring (TM) DBA is based on OLTs observation of the idle GEM
frame pattern and its comparison with the corresponding bandwidth maps.
Procedure:
Step1: Monitor the number of cells received by OLT within the specified
interval.
Step2: Use the result of real time monitoring in step 1 to calculate the
utilization rate.
Step3: Recognize the congestion status by comparing the utilization rate
with the specified limits.
D
Dj
Di
t
Huawei Confidential
Page 41
GPON
DATA
TDM
Traffic-flow
Service
Scheduling
differentia
And buffer
based on
control
802.1p
Traffic-flow
Service
Scheduling
differentia
And buffer
based on
control
802.1p
OLT
GEM Port-id
Splitter
VOIP
VOD
GPON
DATA
TDM
Service scheduling based on the combination of strict priority (SP) and Weighted Round Robin
(WRR) algorithms.
Service transmission based on service mapping with different T-CONTs, enhancing line utilization
and reliability.
Huawei Confidential
Page 42
Ethernet
VOIP
BTV
bridging
GE/10GE
DATA
BSR
TDM
Nonblocking
switching
802.1p
COS
Queuing &
scheduling
GPON
DBA
GPON
OLT
Upstream service
traffic based on
different VLANs
TDM Gateway
PSTN
z
Huawei Confidential
Page 43
1
1
1 3 2
1 3 1
End User
11
1 End User
Decryption
1 3 2
OLT
Encryption
ONT
1 3 1
EndUser
User
End
22
ONT
Decryption
3
2
1
ONT
EndUser
User
End
33
Decryption
of the line.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 44
FEC
9720 TSs
Data bytes of
codeword #1
Data bytes of
codeword #2
Data bytes of
codeword #3
PCBd
Data bytes of
codeword #4
Data bytes of
codeword #5
Data bytes
Data
bytes
Parity
Data bytes
Parity
Data bytes
Short
codeword
Codeword
Parity
Data bytes
Codeword
Parity
Data bytes
Codeword
Parity
Data
bytes
Codeword
Parity
PCBd
Codeword
Parity
Codeword
Data bytes of
codeword #6
9108 TSs
Huawei Confidential
Page 45
Input
1:2 optical
splitter
Output
10 log(0.5) = - 3.01
Output
Input
2:N optical
splitter
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 46
Class B
Class B
Class C
Minimum loss
5 dB
10 dB
13 dB
15 dB
Maximum loss
20 dB
25 dB
28 dB
30 dB
NOTE The requirements of a particular class may be more stringent for one
system type than for another, e.g. the class C attenuation range is inherently
more stringent for TCM systems due to the use of a 1:2 splitter/combiner at
each side of the ODN, each having a loss of about 3 dB.
Huawei Confidential
Page 47
Unit
Single fibre
OLT:
OLT
dBm
+1.5
dBm
+5
Minimum sensitivity
dBm
-28
Minimum overload
dBm
-8
dB
0.5
ONU
dBm
0.5
dBm
+5
Minimum sensitivity
dBm
-27
Minimum overload
dBm
-8
dB
0.5
Huawei Confidential
Page 48
Huawei Confidential
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Huawei Confidential
Page 50
ACS
Client
SNMP
TR069
OMCI
ONT
Zero configuration
BRAS
OLT
Huawei Confidential
Page 51
Application scenario
1
Order Management
CRM
Service Provisioning
Billing
NMS 2000
3 Send terminals to users
1
User
STB
Access Network
2
ONT
ONT
Start up ONT and make registration with serial number
Huawei Confidential
ONT
ONT
Page 52
CRM
Service Provisioning
Generating
activation code
4
Billing
UMS
3 Configure IADMS
Activation code generator
2 Configure SoftX
IADMS
7
Send activation code and terminal to users
Configure terminals automaticallythroughTR069
SoftX3000
Access Network
6 Input activation code
ONT
User
Phone
ONT
Phone
Huawei Confidential
Phone
Page 53
Phone
Daily management
Terminal activation
Service provisioning
Huawei Confidential
Page 54
TL1/CORBA
/API
SFU
IPTV
VoD Server
Notification
Carriers OSS
Middle
ware
NMS
Phone
L
VDS
CPE
Ethernet
IP Core
MDU
Splitter
Intern
et
MSE
OLT
PC
BRAS
SBU
AAA Server
Phone
Softswitch
CBU
Base station
FE
E1
IP
Voice
CPE
ODN
NSP
Huawei Confidential
ASP/ISP
Page 55
CESoP mode
Native mode
E1/T1
ONT
With fixed
upstream/downstream
frame structure, periodic
multiframes are
transmitted in GPON
ODN
PSTN
first-born advantage.
BUSINESS
Splitter
E1/T1
OLT
ONT
ONT
CO
z
FE
E1/T1
PBX
Huawei Confidential
Page 56
EDFA
Customer
Central
Voice/Data
Office
Downstream
Premises
Voice/Data& Video
1490nm
OLT
(Optical Line Terminal)
1490/1310nm1550nm
Optical
Couplers
WDM
ONU
(Optical Network Terminal)
Upstream 1490nm
Optical Splitter
Video
Upstream
RF
Downstream
1310nm
1490nm
1550nm
Video
42Mhz
Analog TV
550Mhz
Digital TV
Huawei Confidential
860Mhz
HD/VOD
Page 57
IP
Thank You
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