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Pongratz1

QuentinPongratz
ShakespeareanComedies
Dr.Rice
21October2014
AnnotatedBibliography
Adamczyk,Magdelena."'BetteraWittyFoolthanaFoolish
Wit':OnPunningStylesofShakespeare'sPedantsand
Jesters."JournalofEnglishStudies11(2013):725.
Dialnet.Web.18Oct.2014.
AveryclinicalstudyofthepunspresentinTwelfthNight
andLovesLabourLost.Afterabriefnoteaboutthe
definitionofpunsandtheroleofpunsintheElizabethan
era,thisessayfocusesonthefactualsideofpunsthat
Holofernesand,moreimportantly,Festeuse.Thisstudy
doeslittleinwayofinterpretingwhatthisanalysis
meansinfavorforamoreobjectivelookattheuseof
puns,leavingthereaderwithasourceforinformationbut
notinsight.
Barber,C.L."TestingCourtesyandHumanityinTwelfth
Night."Shakespeare'sFestiveComedyaStudyofDramatic
FormandItsRelationtoSocialCustom.Princeton,NJ:
PrincetonUP,1959.24061.Print.

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BarbertakestheSaturnalianpatternandexamineshowthat
manifestineachof,whathecalls,thefestivecomedies.
Thefirstchapterofthebookisneededtounderstandthe
basicsofthispattern,butthisfinalchapterfocuseson
TwelfthNight.Heexaminesthefollyofmisruleandhow
thedifferentcharacterscontributetothepatternof
releasethroughclarification.
Bloom,Harold."Introduction."WilliamShakespeare'sTwelfth
Night.NewYork:ChelseaHouse,1987.15.Print.
Thoughnotasindepthasotherarticles,Blooms
introductiontoacollectionofcriticalessaysisa
lovinglookatTwelfthNight.Nocoherentobjectiveor
thesisispresentedasthethemeofthisintroduction,but
hetouchesontheimportantroleofFestecallinghim
sublimelywiseandsuggestingthatFesteistheonly
charactercapableoflearning.
Bradley,A.C."FesteTheJester."ABookHomageto
Shakespeare.Ed.IsraelGollancz.1916.Rpt.inTwelfth
Night:CriticalEssays.Comp.StanleyWells.NewYork:
Garland,1986.1724.Print.
BradleyexaminesFesteinafewdifferentways.He
connectsthefooltohiscounterpartinKingLearand

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contrastshimwithTouchstone.HeconnectsFestetothe
roleofmusicintheplayarguingthatallmusicin
TwelfthNightisfromFesteorhastodowithFeste.
OverallheshowsFesteinadifferentlightandpaintshim
asasympatheticcharacterandarelicofthepast.
Downer,AlanS."Feste'sNight."CollegeEnglish13.5(1952):
25865.JSTOR.Web.20Oct.2014.
DownerbreaksdowntheplotofTwelfthNightintothree
separateplotsandexplainsFestesroleineach.The
articleclaimsthatFesteistheonethatexposesthe
follyintheirobjectofloveofOrsino,Oliva,and
Malvolio.Downerthengoesontotouchontheepilogue
Festesings,thenatureofthefool,andthetorncritical
opinionofthefool.
Leggatt,A.S.TwelfthNight.ShakespearesComediesof
Love.(1974)Rpt.inTwelfthNight:CriticalEssays.Comp.
StanleyWells.NewYork:Garland,1986.227259.Print.
IllustratesTwelfthNightinacontrasttoAsYouLikeIt
asasortofcompartmentalizedworldwhereeveryoneis
stuckintheirownprivateunderstanding.Inthis
manner,onlyViolaandFestecantranscendboundariesand
communicateacrossthelines.

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Goldsmith,RobertHills.WiseFoolsinShakespeare.East
Lansing:MichiganStateU,1963.Print.
Everythingyouwouldwanttoknowaboutthefoolis
containedinthisbook.Thefirstthreechaptersofthe
bookexaminewherethefoolcamefromandtheirroleon
thestageandthesocialcontextofthefoolduringthe
timeofShakespeareandbefore.Thefourthchapter
examineseachofficialfoolinShakespearesplays.
Leavingthelastofthebookforcriticalinterpretation
andtheroleofthefoolspecificallyintheplays.
Greif,Karen.PlaysandPlayinginTwelfthNight.
ShakespeareSurvey34(1981)Rpt.inTwelfthNight:
CriticalEssays.Comp.StanleyWells.NewYork:Garland,
1986.261277.Print.
ExaminestheroleofdeceptioninTwelfthNightandhow
thereisafluiditybetweenwhatthecharactersplayand
whatthecharactersactuallyare.Griefpositsthatthis
fluidityallowsthecharacterstofindtruthsandtheir
ownidentitiesmoreclearlyandhowthisisshutofffrom
Malvolioduetohisrigidity.

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Hartwig,Joan."Feste's"Whirligig"andtheComicProvidence
ofTwelfthNight."ELH40.4(1973):50113.JSTOR.Web.20
Oct.2014.
HartwigfocusesthisessayontheplotenactedonMalvolio
andFesteslineattheendaboutthewhirligigof
time.Theessayexplorestheimageryofthewhirligigand
howtherevengeofFestewilleventuallycomebackaround
fromMalvolio.Hartwiggoesontoexaminethemeaningof
FestesendingsongandendswithacomparisonofFestes
interactionwithMalvoliocomparedtoaplaywrights
interactionwiththeaudience.
Hollander,John.TwelfthNightandtheMoralityof
Indulgence.TheSewaneeReviewLXVIII.2(1959).Rpt.in
ModernShakespeareanCriticism:EssaysonStyle,
Dramaturgy,andtheMajorPlays.Ed.AlvinB.Kernan.New
York:Harcourt,Brace&World,Inc.,1970.228241.Print.
ShowsTwelfthNightasanactoffestivityandfeasting,
claimingthatcharacterscannotchangeorgrowwithout
firstputtingonhismaskoffeasting.Examineshowthis
isconsistentintheplayandhowneitherMalvolionor
Festechangeinregardstothefeast,butbothdosofor
oppositereasons.

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Hyland,Peter."Shakespeare'sWhirligig."TheExplicator66.4
(2008):20910.Web.
Thisshortessaysuggeststhatthewhirligigmentionedby
Festeisnotatoylikeatop,butinsteadatorture
device.Hylandsupportsthiswithapamphletmentioning
thetorturedevicein1617.Notmuchisdonewiththisnew
definitionbesidessayingitwouldemphasizeFestes
malicioussideofhisdesireforrevenge.
King,WalterN.TwentiethCenturyInterpretationsofTwelfth
Night:ACollectionofCriticalEssays.EnglewoodCliffs,
NJ:PrenticeHall,1968.Print.
Thefirstsectionofthisbookisagoodgeneral
collectionofessaysaboutTwelfthNightincludingKings
ownintroduction.Thesecondpartoffersshorterexcerpts
ofcriticalessays,butthesearenotenoughtogetafull
pictureofeachcriticsviewpoint.Thoughtheseexcerpts
couldbeusedtosampleafewideasandlookedupforthe
fullessays.
Musgrove,S."Feste'sDishonesty:AnInterpretationofTwelfth
NightI.v.130."ShakespeareQuarterly21.2(1970):
19496.JSTOR.Web.20Oct.2014.

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Ashortandindepthanalysisofthefirstconversation
FestehaswithMaria.Musgrovesuggeststhatthroughthis
conversationandotherreferencesthatFestesabsence
fromthecourthasbeendotowhores.Musgroveclaims
thatthiscouldshowFesteinalightcontrarytohow
otherportrayhimandheisapartofthisfollyoflove
thateveryoneelsefallsintothroughouttheplay.
Phialas,PeterG."TwelfthNight."Shakespeare'sRomantic
ComediestheDevelopmentofTheirFormandMeaning.
ChapelHill:UofNorthCarolina,1966.25680.Print.
Thebookasawholeexamineswhatthetitlesuggests:the
devolopmentoftheformandmeaningofromanticcomedies.
Thischapterdoesjustthat,buttheseventhsectionof
thischapterfocusesonthefool.Phialasclaimstherole
ofthefoolisoneoffollyrecognition.Thenextsection
alsotouchesonFestesfinalsongandthecriticaldebate
regardingit.
Salinger,L.G."TheDesignofTwelfthNight."Shakespeare
Quarterly9(1958)Rpt.inTwelfthNight:CriticalEssays.
Comp.StanleyWells.NewYork:Garland,1986.191225.
Print.

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SalingeralsoexaminestheSaturnalianspiritoftheplay.
InlinewithBarbersFestiveComedy,Salingerexamines
thefestivitiesandmisrulepresentinTwelfthNight.
Arguesthattheplaydeemphasizesthemainplottobring
subplotsonparwiththemainplot.Salingeralsoargues
thatFesteisthemostfullyrealizedfoolofallof
Shakespearesplays,butatthesametimesaysheis
superfloustotheplot.
Smidt,Kristian."Shakespeare'sAbsentCharacters."English
Studies61.5(1980):397407.AcademicSearchComplete.
Web.20Oct.2014.
Thisessayexplorestheconceptsofabsentcharacters,
describedascharactersthatarebarelymentionedor
absentwhenyouthinktheyshouldbearound.The
applicablesectiontoTwelfthNightarousesthequestion
ofFestespresencewhenthetrickisbeinglaidfor
Malvolio.Theessayonlyhypothesizesthereasonforthis,
butitbringsupaninterestingquestionthatcouldbe
exploredinpotentialessays.
Wells,Stanley.TwelfthNight:CriticalEssays.NewYork:
Garland,1986.Print.

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Describedintheprefaceasthebestthathasbeen
writtenonTwelfthNight,thisbookisagreatresource
foravarietyofessays.Thethemescoveredinthebook
arediverseenoughthatanytopicshouldbeabletofind
anapplicablesourcewithin.
Yearling,ElizabethM."Language,Theme,andCharacterin
TwelfthNight."ShakespeareSurvey35(1982)Rpt.in
WilliamShakespeare'sTwelfthNight.Ed.HaroldBloom.New
York:ChelseaHouse,1987.7586.Print.
Examineshowwordsareuseddifferentlybythedifferent
charactersandhowShakespeareusesfalsehoodto
communicatetruth.Showsexamplesofhowcharactersare
revealedbythewordstheyuseandthewaystheyusethem.
Yearlingalsotouchesonthecontrastbetweenholidayand
workasastructuraldevice.

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