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Keywords:
Orifice Meter
Coefficient of Discharge
Manometer Reading
Pressure Drop
Date Performed
October 28, 2014
Date Submitted
November 10, 2014
ABSTRACT
The objectives of this
experiment
were
to
generate a calibration
curve for the orifice
meter, compare it with
the curve of rotameter
and
determine
the
effect of increasing the
mass flow rate of water
to the coefficient of
discharge of the orifice
meter. An orifice meter
was used to collect data
for different mass of water with corresponding
manometer reading. The mass flow rate, pressure
drop and discharge coefficients were calculated for
every trial using the equations. A graph was formed
showing the relationship of the manometer reading
and the mass flow rate in the orifice meter. Based
from the calibration curve, the experiment concluded
that as the manometer reading increases, the
corresponding pressure drop also increases. It was
also determined that the increasing mass flow rate of
water increases the coefficient of discharge of the
orifice meter.
Expt.3 | DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT (ORIFICE METER) 1
1. INTRODUCTION
Fixed restriction variable head
type flow meters using different
sensors like orifice plate, venture
tube, flow nozzle, pitot tube, dall
tube, the quantity meters like
positive displacement meters and the
mass flow meters are the popular
types of mechanical flow meters.2
In the variable head type flow
meters, a restriction of known
dimensions is generally
introduced
into
pipeline,
consequently, there occurs a head
loss or pressure drop at the restriction
with increase in the flow velocity.
Measurement of this pressure drop is
an indication of the flow rate.3
(K)
is
is known as velocity
approach factor
2 gh( m f )
( ) = KA
Q = KA2
2
s
2 gh
( m f )
s
2. METHODOLOGY
simultaneously
reading
the
manometer. The final weight of the
water tank was determined and
recorded. The mass flow rate of the
water was computed and recorded.
Afterwards, the manometer reading
was recorded and the corresponding
pressure drop was calculated. The
coefficient of discharge was computed
using the given equations and
gathered data. Several trials were
performed at different increasing
rotameter
readings.
Finally,
the
calibration curve of the orifice meter
was made by plotting manometer
reading (y-axis) versus the mass flow
rate (x-axis) in a graphing paper.1
Diameters,
inch
Are
as,
m2
Tempe
rature
26 0C
Wat
er
1.0
Orific
e
0.60
S0 =
1.82
E-4
Water
Densit
y
996.8
kg/m3
Mer
cur
y
13.534
Pipe
1.049
S1 =
1.82
E-4
=
d0/d1
0.572
Rot
am
eter
Rea
din
g
Mass
Flow
Rate,
kg/sec
U1,
m/s
U0,
m/s
Man
ome
ter
Rea
ding
,
cm
Hg
-P/,
Nm/kg
C0
0.1233
0.222
1
0.678
8
0.3
0.368
5
0.747
2
0.1667
0.300
2
0.917
5
0.5
0.614
2
0.782
3
0.2233
0.402
2
1.229
3
0.6
0.737
0
0.956
8
0.28
0.504
3
1.541
3
0.7
0.859
8
1.110
7
0.327
0.588
9
1.799
9
1.5
1.842
5
0.886
0
11
0.3733
0.672
3
2.054
8
2.3
2.825
2
0.816
9
TABLE 1
Manomet
er
Reading,
cmHg
Mass
of
Water,
kg
Time,
sec
0.3
3.7
30
30
0.5
5.0
Mass
Flow
Rate,
kg/sec
0.1233
0.1667
30
5
0.6
6.7
0.2233
30
0.7
8.4
0.28
30
1.5
9.8
0.327
30
11
2.3
11.2
0.3733
TABLE 2
Cross-sectional area of
the pipe, S0
(d 02)
S 0=
4
U 1=
U0
2
1.5
m1
S1
1
0.5
0
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
P
Hg
g
=Rm
1 ( )
gc
Discharge coefficient, Co
U 0=C o
P
)
1 4
2 gc(
Where:
= ratio of orifice diameter to pipe diameter, d0/d1
10
8
6
Rm = manometer reading
Hg = density of mercury
= density of water
0
0.1
1 2
U 1( )
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
TABLE 3
(d 1 )
S 1=
4
4. CONCLUSION
The experiment was able to attain
its objectives. A calibration for the orifice
meter was generated and compared with
the graph of the rotameter. Using the
gathered
data
and
calculations
performed, the effect of increasing the
mass flow rate of water to the coefficient
of discharge was also determined.
Based from the tables and graphs
presented, several conclusions were
made. As the mass flow rate increases,
the velocities of the fluid through the pipe
and orifice, respectively, also increase.
Also, the increasing mass flow rate is
accompanied
by
an
increasing
manometer reading, resulting to an
increasing pressure drop. From the data,
majority of the trials showed that when
the mass flow rate increases, the
corresponding coefficient of discharge, C o,
also increases.
The graph plotted for the orifice
meter did not show a perfect curve. This
may be accounted from the data
tabulated. Thus, an -improvement in data
gathering is considered a factor in order
to produce a more accurate calibration
curve.
5. REFERENCES
[1] Gutierrez, Cecilia L. and Ngo,
Roberto L. (2005). Chemical
Engineering Laboratory Manual
Part 1, 17-25.
[2] Geankoplis, Christie J. (2012).
Transport Processes and
umentation/Industrial_Instrumentation
%20-%20Flow.pdf. Industrial
Instrumentation.
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The group would like to thank God
for the talents and resources He
bestowed. The group would like to
thank Dr. Allan Soriano and the
laboratory
assistant
for
their
knowledge and guidance in the
experiments theory and procedures.