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ijliftlUliiljn/P^

HEADQUARTERS AIR MATERIEL COMMAND

WRIGHT FELD. DAYTON, OHO

IlSGOVERNMENT
IS ABSOLVED
FROM ANY LITIGATION WHICH MAY
ENSUE FROM THE CONTRACTORS IN FRINGING ON THE FOREIGN PATENT
RIGHTS WHICH MAY BE NVOLVED.

nio**L

fj

NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE

FX)R AERONAUTICS
TECHNICAL

No. 1382

DISTRIBUTION OF WAVE DRAG AND LIFT IN THE VICINITY

OF WING TIPS AT SUPERSONIC SPEEDS

By John C. Eward
Flight Propulsion Research Laboratory
Cleveland, Ohio

FILE GOPY
RETURN TO

Dooiwnt Bnnch - T5RT-6

Wriph! hrW R#'>r?nc< Libri y Srion
Air Doi:mnis D>.wn In I'i nc. ,T-Z'
Wright F.tW, Day rn. Ott

.N

Washington
July 1947

!!!

JfATIONAL AB7ISCOT COMMITTEE FOR AEHONAOTIC3

TEC.SttC.U. NOTE No. 1383

riSTHIBUTIOK OK W77E DRAG AND UFT IN TEE V10UUK

OF WTSG TIPS AT SITE3SON1C SPFFDS
By John C. Evvard
TWMARjT

The ^olnt-souroe-il^trtbutlon method oi' caleu'afcing the

aerodynaa'.c cio.'i'i'.....,a of thin wirga at duparsonic apoods was
extended to Include the offoot of the region betvoon the wing
boundary ard the foremost Mach wuvo fro.,, the wing leading edge.
The effect oi' this regio on tho aurfaca velocity potential has
been determined by an equivalent function, which is evaluated
over a portion of the wint surface. Ir. this manner, the effect
of angles of attack aid yav as veil as the osymuetry of top and
bottom vlng sur/aces "*? be calculated. As examples of the method,
(the Treasure distrlb;' ion on a thin plate wing of rectangular plan\
fonn aa veil as the 1 Lit and tho drag coefficientj ua a function
of Mach number, angle of attack, and aspect ratio are calculated.
The eq-iationa for the surface velocity potential of acvcral other
plan fma are also included.

ir.TBOCTIOT
The theoretical and experimental investigations of aircraft
performance at anpdraon-r spoeds have been greatly stimulated by
modern developments in high-speed flight. The thecreticul uer>jdynaalc porformance of thin wings nevertheless has :. >t been nnlotoly solved, even thrc igh the approximations of tho linearized
Prandtl-Glaucii; equation.
Puekott- (reference i), by means of a point aourou distribution, has fcrmulntod a i.ethod to derive the ;.roesurc distribution,
the vavo lift, and the wave drag for thin wlngj at angle of
attack, provided that the leading edge or the wing tip, oa the
case nay bo, la awoj.t uh-vod of the Mash line. The outbid generally falls when thu awcopback la greater than tho liacl. line
locauao the flov over ana aurface of tho wing can influonca the
low on the othor aurface.

BWA iT Ho. 1302

Jones (reference 2) has beor. able to calculate the prosBUro
distribution! on a eerios of su. erdor.ic wiiyp D.V merms Oi" lino
Sue-cec. Vht results UD tie euro es vould be obtain! bj
Puclxtt's theory, however, a'd the method la subject tu the
limitations.
A'tor transforming the ^randtl-Glauovt equation to curvilinear coordinates, Stewart (reference 3) picked the special
a-'lutljnB correspond lag to cor.lcal flowB. In this manner, the
Prandtx-GZaujrt equation wua ledv.ced to the tvo aimenJional
I.aplaco equation tnat permits the uso uf confonual mapning. Aa
a apcclal cose, Stewart obte'ned the lift distribution on a thin
delta vine; at small angles of attack. Brown (reference 4} has
lndopendeaxly soivod the sanu pr'-riom by use of a doublet line
source distribution on the wi.ig surface.
The orosont paner extends the poiiit-sourco-distribution
method (ao-t>lied by ?ucl:ott t3 the vino surface) to includo tho
eii'oct of the region butvuen thj wln% boundary ai.d the foremost
Mach v.-.. irom the leading ud.-u. By use ol a source distribution
external to the win, tho inVractlin of the two wiag surfaces
may be Isolated. In this manner thu pressure distribution In tho
vicinity of thu wing tip, as well as toe effect of proi'ile shapo,
angles of uttock ana yaw, ar.d aspect ratio, may be calculated for
a series of finite wings. Ih's wer1? was perf jrmod during February
1947 at tho HACA Cleveland laboratory.
A1ALYoI3 07 ME1T.0D
Thin wings will be so 0M& in the analysis that the porturba: -. '. . r;, ' :. >nonta may bo ut v.r.-A ' be L'-.u1! o >.; d to
the free-stream velocity. Tho linearized partial differential
equation for the velocity potential of a comprcssiblu fluid may
then be applied. Tho problem Is to find a perturbation velocity
potential that will: (a) satisfy the linearized partial differential equation of thu flow, (b) vanish in the region ahead of
th : i'.'ronost Mach wave, (c; give streamlines that are tangent to
thu ilr.'jil surfaces, and (*) take into account the interaction
botwien tho top and bottom wing surfaces as roi-roeontel by tho
perturbed field between tho wing boundary und ehe foremust Mach
waive.

EACA TIT H,.

:.3>2

The Praailtl-Slauo'-t ilncarlzod equation for the Telocity

Tofnt'.al oi" a nonvl..cua lrrci.ati.>nal c.juproj3ible fluid :aiiy be
vrlttan no
(1..,2)&
+
2

^+L2|.0

" j2 ' Ox2

dx

(1)

w?.oro
froe-otret T. Mi sh number (undisturbed flow parallel
to ,:.'.',

jorturbatici'i velocity potontlal

y or n;
z or 5 j

Cartesian coordinates

For convenience the symbols are dbflne' In appondix A. A basin

solution for tho potontlal of a unit point source dlsiurbuice at
U, 1, > 1"

v'(x - n2 - >< (y - n)' -z <z -tr

(n)

whore
> - v<<2 - 1
Moro gencrul solutions nay bj obtained by iniegratirn to plvo
</df dndt
j

'(

" t)

"3

nS
(j -n)z -I" (2 - L)

(S)

whore q' Is the siurcc atr^r^ih per unit volirao. For tho thin
wing, tho soai-ioa avid tn wing nay lie In tho x, y piano and thus
q'dj nay be rf.pli>ced b\ q, tho source strength per unit area.
Equation (4) then bucomes

HACA TW Bo. 1382

a_4n

J7*

0* - 3s (y - ,)* - Pz2,2
r

Puckett (nfnnBM 1) has sho'i that the boundary conditions for

thin rings may Tie jatisf led ai z - o bj sitting q - W/B, where
v la the fort artet Jon Tsloolty component normal to tl.o x, y piano.
Tho quantity w la prcpo.-ticna? to the local siopo (tho angle subtcirfcl by tho win^ surface fror' tho x, y piano in n * conatant
pianos? of the vio3 In tho free-stream direction at tho point ({,T)).
If X re ^resents thla slope,

q , * =
II

where U

la the free-stream velocity.

|T_

JJ/(*-e)

(')

Equation (4) then becomes

\dt dn

(P)

(y - n)*

Tho form and tho derivation of equation (G) Indlcatoa that

alteration of the local lap \ at point (f]f rjj) will not
chango tho prrtui nation Telocity cmnpjnon4-. w it scmo other
point (|, i)'. Tho velocity poton-ial at any point (x, y) on
tho surface of the wine may then bo oaloulatod by Integrating
equation (6) ovor the region In thy 1 x, y piano 4>ound< d by the
forward Mach ones. (See, for oxamp '?, f\g 1(c) ) ji'tsjcctt
restricted his lntet ration, to tho w!n.3 sv.r'aoe, w.:re X is
assumed known. Tho solutions obtained in tli'.o riciner aro valid
11 tho wing Is Mwept leas thu . the KtviY arglc or if the top and
bottom surfaces of the wing for any voaplui"* ar.glo are .'ynisotrlcal
about -).: x, y plane.
If a proper distribution of source strength Mj/ir Is chosen
for tho regions between tho fornmoat Macii wave and tho loading
r.dgo, equation (6) will give tho velocity potential at any print
(x, ,v, 0) regardless of sveoptock angle and asymmetry of top and
bott-w wing surfaces.
The strength of the aourc distribution bctwoen the Mach
cono and ths leading odgo (or wing .ip) must correspond to the

iJACA TH Ho. 1JB2

lice1. perturbation ve?o.jlt/ c.WFor,e'1+' v <* tte region. This
velocity Is in turn lr.i'lvcwed by to s".opo of both the top und
tl'o Ijottoo. sun'tcee o. t'.ie v I'.,,
A thin iiioormsablc' diaphragm is esaumed to coincide with
a atr^am short In thj x, j plane between the wir-g ouri'ccc aud
the f jresr>st Marh vaYC, Tue proeeno" of the diapliraga vill not
alter tho flow ovor the /inn ar.r.'ace. The dlaphroga My then
to re<>ard<.d us isn aactbMton of the wing to elimluato the
external field between the win" bounder/ and the foreinoat Mach
wavo.
Bccar.oe the dianf-ra^n colncldos with a stream sheet, it may
cuntaln n i nrosoure difference at an/ tolr.t between ita top and
I . a surfaces. F ir . h. mo.**, thure cau bo no discontinuity in
the velocity components acroes the diaphra^i. This aituutlon
requires that tho aurrcc /eloelty potential at any point on the
top and ;.:. aur"acee . the disiiirupm an. e^ual, Inasmuch
as the oxtonfied wing illova no interaction between ita i.wo surfaca, the velocity Doteatial ut any point (x, y) may bo
calculated *"rnm either the top or tta bottom surface of tho
original wing and U i.-! r< ,in.
The local slopes of the wing on its top a^.d bottom surfaces at the point" (J, 1\) may to represented by oT and 0B,
and X may represent the oorronpoiidinc slope on the top surface OS' tho diaphragm. (For convenience, tho sign of O" Is
oppositely duf'l'ied on tho tvfo surfaces. For example, oT <*
CB aro both positive on a wedge profile at an anglo of attack
of 0.) The areas of tho wine and the dtaphragr. aurfce3
Included in thu forward Mr.ch cone from a point on either tho
wing or the diaphragm ure repr jentod as 3 and SD, respectively, number subscripts 1, 2, represent sections of
nach of those areas. T'.en bv equation (6), tho velocity
octontial at (x^.yjj) (ig. l(a>) is

I
"

IIAC A Til tic. 1382

%S'

s If
^

MW/

p'S of J? Ti

^t

ff

"H a 8

"

* 8

i 9

It
o

"

89

IB

41

3 S *""
oH
.-i>:

--.::

8%

IIf

Pi

II

e -. > ska
lw

S ~ *"

c
<
V
C
^

t

> ki
c? o:.

>.
o

5o'

&1

_
3

u
3

:= s s 5

f|

I
IIACA IB Ho. 1*62
The contribution to the velocity potential on tho top surface) of
the wing attributed to the dicpuragn (fig 1(b)) la given by
equaMons (8) and f9) RS

ru'

JL

X(u. v) dv

du

* J0 ;^,T-U)

*T,P

(12)

where Uy and vw are the coordinates of point (x, y) on the

w end thi. limit u' la obtained by aolvlng the equation
V Tg (U-)
The Integration limits with respect to v and the lntecrand of
equation (18) arc the same as the left side of equation (11),
except that vv re-jeses v-; but the value of v- along the
v = constant line parsing through the ^oint (uy, vv) Is vv.
Thu second member or equation (11) uay therefore be substituted
Into equation (13) tn jive
PT.D

JL
RE

u'

dl>

pv2(u)

Pji - 1?)

Jo '/(u,, -

-u-fr

dv
/(v

v)

(Og -<7T) d| dl)

Jj-v !

2v(x - ?J2 - b2(y -

(13)
2

T,)

Thr con'.rlbutlon o*' the dlanhr-y-r; to tho potential on tho

v'lii au''Tac<j niy -.hus t _ recite J ay an r ,ulvalisnt lntegratl jn
"r 'i'v~r*i".n *** t'in w1.::^ ."..-fr.'.-i'.
TM " tr-ntial on the wing
s irf'ace ie *han

'

HACA TI No. 1582

.0

U ff

(0 -0T) df dl)

JjSv.z z^- O2 -32(y-n)2

Up

if

! .

pp

'"Jr. dt dtj
I

9~

a^ ftj *n

i 8,i ^x -1)2 a8(y - n>2

I

-Err
it t |

.srr

og d; in
/

g^ggLg dr>
E

" ', lsw2 c/T- |)

2BU

(u)

(y - n)'*

0T du dv

rp

fx - fr uff - 3* |> - l(v - >]'

J

(OR T) du dv
___^^'^
r==rr^

2PU pr

|Sv,2 ^- S(V

+ U) Z

] " P" [' " M(V *

(14a)

U)

Th'- derivation >.f uq-iatlon (33/ Includes tho OBSunptiinn rf the

linearized th.-ry aad Lhc uoai ipi-lon that tho leading udgo lo not
blunt (oorrreyondliK* to the u:.a ol* a thin diaphrapa).- Aaldc lraa
these restriittcnr, ^ho i*mil in includes tht oi'foct of a9y:jactry
V.-tvem the top and the battoc vine aurlaeea. It may tbweforo to
a'<llcd to determine wave llf*, drag, and proasuro distribution in

I
3ACA TS No. 1532

11

the vicinity of ving tips of fairly general chordvise slope distributions. Because the only restriction on the functions v^ (u)
and v2 (u) vas that Sj, be influenced only by the wing section 'v. the aerodynamic properties of fairly general plan forma
nay be evaluated. (In cases of so-called subsonic trailing edges,
the solution for the velocity potential thut la obtainod violates the Kutta-Jou'.ravsl i condition in the vicinity of the trailing edge. The solutions may not correspond to actual flows under
these conditions.) The effect of yawing the ving may also be
detrained simply by simultaneously ad.Viating the functions v^ (u),
v
2 (u)> "B> ar"^ T ky an amount corresponding to tho angle of
yav. The effectiveness of ving tips and hence tho effect of aspect
ratio may likewise be determined.
ECAMPt.ES OF MEffiOT)
Thin flat plate ving with rectangular plan form and no sveep
back. - For tho flat plate vine (fig. 2), Oj = - dp angle of
attack a and equation (14) becomes
(15)

*T " V

' Jjsv.i/* - V* -a2

(y - i)2

Thus, the external field T^ cancels tho effect of tho region Syas far an the potential at point (x, y) is concerned.
The pressure coefficient C_
may bo computed from th equation

in the region of the wing tip

(If.)
The value of Cp obtained from equations (15) and (16) is derived
in appendix B for the t->p surface of tho ving to give

"Wf-V-"1*!)
|

(17)

12

K\CA TU Ko. 1532

'

(Equation (17) Is equation (Bl) In appendix B ) Tho coordinate y

18, of couroo, negative. The pruaauro 1B thi'fore oonatunt along
radial llaco i'rora the origin, haa the freo-atresn value al. ac the
tip, end haa the Ackeret valua vreference b) El mg the Mach line
lylnc on the vine from the tip and leading edge Intersection. If
the lnflue.ice of the external field SD haa teen neglected, the
prcaau.-e coeff lcltnt would le ono-half tho Ackeret value along the
wing tli Instead of the eorro't value of 0. The reauit presented
In equation (17) wao flrat dorlvea oy Busemann (reference 6) and
h;is heen cited In roferonco 7.
Tha on.33v.r-jc on tho * >p and bottom aurfacos of tho region
lnfluoncod fcy the wing tip arc Intonated In appendix B to give
the lift and drag coofflclontu. Tho lift and drag cooi'flolonta
are one-half the valuea ohtaincd By the Aercrct theory (reference 5). The wave lift and rtrag coo.'flclonta for the whole win
are gjvon In torna of tho aopocc ratio A (If A 2) ao
T V1

to.
P

* )

(18)

which la dcrlvd as equation (B4) In appendix B. This effoct of

aaiPCt ratio on tho thin flat plate wine nQB heen prevloualy
reported In reference 8.
1M o- email flr-H* t^cJ2erj_oxc-t
Bay i A "
on odwaT^ The leading edge may
are poaltlve constants.
kou, where kx and k2
. . . __ / * A
For tM- case, equation
(14a) hec,mee

(See fig. 3.)

pk2u

(c^ . j -gy. m

?
(IS)

l.:

KAGA TO No. 1388

Similarly, th* potential on thu bottom of tho wing ia

"kg'l

du

-__ Jj ^y.lil-.--

U* vfTPH8 *8[' - (H'

rj(x+a7)

5?{x-p.v)
!u

2i^7(x+fy'

<*B dv

J-kXU

yf-ft(-u)J V[y".i(v-u)]2
(19a)

Equations (IF) and (19a) an >ly for winr.3 at angles or attack

even though the top anc bottom surfaced are asymmetrical. For
ojTamctrlcal prof, les at an anglo of attack of Oj they reduce to
the expresdions obtained b," Puckett's theory.
An Interesting observation la that only tho second of the two
Integrals In equations (J9) a.v' (19a) includes the effect of angle
of attack; at an angle of attack a, ajj = 03' + a, Oj fy' - o,,
and Cp + cv, 3T,' + Oj1, where CB' and rj-j>' are tno local
wing slopes 0.1 the bottom and top surfaces at an angle of attack
01* . TOe first Integrals of equations (13) and (19a) are identical. Therefore, only ihe recond Integral contributed to
act
XT-. Both Integrals muot be considered when pressure distribution
or drag coefflclentj are desired.
As an example or the use of equation (19), the velocity
potential for a wedge wing (fir- 4) of constant wedge angle 2<j
parallel to the free-stream direction has been calculated In
appendix C as equation (C2). This potential for the top sur^aco
o." the wing Id

HACA Tit Ho. 1382

A

/5
+

ys.) I. (*> * V t * By) |(k2 - D x -

(K2

x) ry)

/*i [(kg - 1) x - ika 1) gy]

tan
(20)"

The Tolocity notentlal for tho bottom surface may to obtained by

replacing a by -a. Only tea secr.nd brace of equation (20) influenced tlve lift of the vlng. Pressure coefficients may bo obtained
by substituting equation (20) Into equation (16).
Wing Inf luenosfl by tyo inde, enden'- perturbed flow fields
cxtorna' to vWif; g^into. - An external flow fTd la considered
to bo independent if K"d"ies not include r. external flow fluid of
uaknown strength in ltd frrvard Mach cone. (Soe fig. 5.) If

ft/U - 02 - e2 (y - n)2
the velocity ootontial at nclr.t

(x, y) will be

rr

**'

il \l,r

(21)
NKd| di)

)W*

I
IHCA TK He. 1382

15

By a;i;:ltcatlon o:' uquation (IS)

(oB -aj) K

Kd du

at du

Sv.l
(a- -0T) K

* 8

it *n

(22)

d{ dr)

(23)

S.,2

(<JB - CT) K
-2
*E I

jjKd ; dT) =

>,/;

v,3

IJK,

Also
O^dt di)

O.pKdS dt| +

OjKdt du

v,l

'Ik.

OjKdt dr, +

OjKd? di
'v,4

Substitution or equatiors (22), (3), and (24) lntu (21) yields

(24)

16

UACA TN Ho. 1382

<PT

..rr s^.t.,.rr
JJ3,!

1L

OKat ii)

JjSw,2

+ Of) K
ajKaidTi

(2ia)

Similar extensions may l>o made for other Independently perturbed

flow regions In the forward Mach cone. (The boundary of the
haded region In figure 5 gives the limit of validity of equation (21a). The shaded region la Influenced by external fields
that are no longer Independent.)
Because oquatlonn (7) and (8) are linear vlth respect to the
local wing slope o, equations (14), (19), and (21) may be
divided Into two sets of Integrals; the first sot will depend on
the anglo of attack a, but will be Independent of the wing
slope o' at an angle of attack of 0; the other sot will be
Independent of angle of attack but will depend on the slopo o'.
For symmetrical profiles about the x, y plane (at an angle of
attack of 0), the second set consists of the velocity potential
for the glvon plan form at an angle of attack of 0. The first
set rcurc;a-~nt8 tho velocity potential o:' the thin flat plate wing.
For symmetrical profiles at angle of attack, the aerodynamic
coefficients for the wing may therefore be obtained by superposing tho solution at on angle of attack of 0 (calculated by
the ac-thods of Puckett (reference 1) or Jones (reference 2)) and
the evolution at angle of attack of a thin flat plate wing of the
sane plan form. From the form of equations (1) and (8), this
superposition is apparently general. In this manner, for example,
solutions for the symmetrical dolta wing and the related airfoils
of somewhat arbitrary chordwise thickness distribution may be
obtained from the results of Stewart (reference 3) or Brown
(reference 4).

DISCIJSSIU OF MEIBOD
The general equations (7) and (3) will satisfy the boundary
conditions of thin wlng3 at supersonic speeds. The less general
solution of equation (13) may be applied to calculate the

&*

:: .JA TH Ho. 1382

contribution to tlie Woclty potential on the wing of a single
tH'rtuvbod "leid between the wing boundary and the foremost perturbed Mach cone; as Illustrated by equation (21a)., the method
may be extended tc Include tiie effects of a multiplicity of
lndoprnflently perturbed external flov fields. The baalc
equation (Q) fion which the succeeding equations were derived
Includes the effects of asymmetry about the x, y plane between
the top and t. itt n surfaces, such as would occur at angles of
attack. The method may also be used to calculate the effects
x' yawlnf; the ving.
Flight Trorulsion Posearch Iab^rator;-,
Ne !onal Advisory Comu'ttee for Aeronautics,
Cleveland, Ohio, Ka;- 27, 147.

17

18

HACA TU No. 1392

APPENDIX A
SYMBOLS
The following Symbole are used In this report:

aspect ratio

Cj5

drag coefficient

C^

lift coefficient

C_

presaure coefficient

kj, kg

constants greater than zero

free-stream Hach number

disturbance oourco strength per unit

a,'

disturbance source strength per unit volume

plan Tora area

froe-otream velocity

oblique coordinates whose axes lie parallel to

Mach lines

component of perturbation velocity

*, V, *

Cartesian coordinates

*c
a

wing chord

cotangent or free-stream Mach angle, Jv? - 1

i, n, t

Cartesian coordinates

angle of attack

tim..-.

I
19

HA'JA TN Bo. 1S8Z

slope of stream sheet near |, r> plane

measured in T) constant planes
sloue of the vlng surface vitb respect to the
|, T) plane measured in T| = constant planes

slope of wing surface at zero angle of attack

perturbation velocity potential

Subscripts:
B

bottom (wing or diaphrayn surface)

top (ving '* diaphragm surface)

diaphra&i (vlth exception of

wing

1, 2, 3

refer either to numborod areas or curves

CD)

Examines:

Sv,3

slope on tov wing surface

potential on top surface of wing due to
diaphragm
v
win area A

cirve

slop or dlafhrcgm in plan area 1

pressure coefficient on top surface of wing

pJT

v = v, (u)

HACATH No. 1382

20

APPZTOIIB
LIFT IIIST3IB0TI0B HEAR TIF OF TBIH Vim
01' BECTATGUIAR FLAN FORM
The llraitn of Integration of equation (15) are evident from
the following sketch.

The potential at point

(x, y)

Is then

HACA TS o. 1S82
X+97

r-i-

.*]. "U A-n?^^?

rx

partial 11

,-rerentltion with reaT-ect

IXvtV>

to x
*

yields
1 ^20y

"\ l

Us

55

Thevoi'

ore from elation (16)

(Bl)
2

cCp =" - u- 5
OX *

<(<

HACA TB Ho. 1382

She average lift eoafflclent for the ving tip nay be compute*".
for the flot plate vlng aa

f- 2 Cp as
x"^
JdS
Because Cp la constant along radial lines from the origin, a
triangular Infinitesimal area la convenient. In ton of

tha chord

xe

thla

dS

c4/

21

JACA TN No. 1382

APPENDIX C

cAicuiATioii

vaocinr

OF

POTENTIAL OF A

rcscowrnrjonsix

SWKPT WIEGE W1MO

For the ving Of vodge angle
tion (19) becomes

f(x-py)

2o

shown in flgure 4, equa-

||(x+py)

(a - n^ dv

'u

-2P-"

J; )> (**jr)

/[|lf H>*[HM]'
"IgU

*->..

gdT

(CD

J
r

-|-(x-ry)
9J

::. v

g<*Djr)
du

\l XV -- py -

sgj-Cx+e)

J-*l

5jjj-(x+y)
M

/x+3y - TT
2u

fa

Jo
S>;(*-Py)

'x+y +

2t!kjU

(r-t)

1.
X-Dy . SH
OT-d^y)

ACA T! Wo. 13e3

2r
r M

Jo

du

V *-By
x-v . 2Bu

y--n

. CM

du

V x-0y - SH

JM

0"

V x.y. fr
CM

- 5

Jo
'U~y)

du

x+Pr

X-y . -r,
2u
M

du

*, + %$
du

JM^**/)
Each or those lnt.j.~a]n ..'v ,
Integral, n: vA t$] 2v " .lnte""ed (reference 9

ssyyr - - SE a-1-

?.<

KACA TK No. 1*82

*?|

r-p

II

if

I
K

>

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slK

s >

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+
1

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Si

St

28

:iACA TN Wo. 1302

EFFEBENCE5

1. Puckett, Allen E.: Supersonic Wave Brag of Thin AlrTolls.

Jour. Aero. Sol., vol. 13, no. 9, Sept. 1946, pp. 475-484.
2. Jones, Robert T.: Thin Oblique Airfoils at Supersonic Speod.
NACA TN Bo. 1107, 1946.
3. Stewart, H. J.: The Lift of a Delta Wing at Supersonlo Speeds.
Quarterly AppX. Math., vol. IV, no. 3, Oct. 1946, pp. 246-254.
4. Brown, Clinton E.: Theoretical Lift and Drag of Thin Triangular Wings at Supersonic Speeds. NACA TN Mo. 1103, 1946.
5. Ackeret,-J.: Air Forces on Airfoils Moving Faster than Sound.
KACA TH Ho. 317, lCi5.
6. Busonann, Adolf: Infinitesimal Conical Supers otVc Flow.
TM No. 1100, 1947.

NACA

7. Bonnoy, E. Arthur: Aerodynamic Characteristics of Rectangular

Wings at Supersonic Speeds. Jour. Aero. Sei., vol. 14, no. 2,
Feb. 1947, p.. 110-116.
8. Lighthill, M. J.: The Supersonic Thoory of Wings of Finite
Span. R. & M. No. 2001, British A. R. C, 1944.
C. Polrce, B. 0.: A Short Table of Integrals.
3d n-v. od., 1929, T>. 18.

Ginn and Co.,

!
Fig. I

JT or T)

7 or i|

NATION*!. AOVISORV
COMMITTEE ro AERONAUTICS

\ , -Forward Mach UM
/(
tram point (a,y)

a or C

(b) Polat OB wing surface.

Figur 1.. Regions of Integration for calculating velocity
potential OB surface of arlablj swept wing at supersonic

<-l

NATIONAL UV I 5(1Y
COMHITm FOR JKNONAUTI

Figur 2.- Integration region for calculating velocity

potential on surfaee of thin flat plate wing at supersonic speeds.

30

t
NACA TN NO.

Fig. 3

1382

*> y or t|

M-

N
\
\
\

NATIONAL AOVIMMY
CtMilTTEE FO AI*ONAUTICS

Figur 3.- Regions of Integration for calculating velocity

potential on surface of finite thickness, dlseontlnuously
wept elng at supersonic apeede.

"
;

I
:V

-.

Flg.
NACA TM NO. 1382

Section A-A
MTIOKM. OKI
COWlTTft OH MONJtlC

Mgur.

4.- Dl.eontlnaouily wopt dt >

SI

Fig. 5

NACA TN NO. 1382

laid ID
this region
Influenced

w
NATIONAL ADV I SONY
MITTtl ro AIAONAUTICS

Figur Region* or Integration for calculating velocity

potential on surfao of lng of finite tbloknoao influenced
by too Independent perturbed MOB field external to wing
lurfaea.

WHOM Aerodynnmi cs (2)

SKItON, ning and Airfoils (6)
CQOSS BEfEB'ICESi Wings - Aorodynnrjics (99150)i Aerodynamics, Supersonic (O2150)j Pressure distribution
AUTKOaS)
II Wings
Wines ttliSOOl:
t7k5001: Airfoils - Drag
Dr, (OBgOOl
fOSgnnV
____JL_
AASHi. TITli Distribution of OTTO drag and lift in the vicinity or wing tips at supersonic
speeds
Eward, John C.

OOGINATMG AGENCY: Hational Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Washington, D. C.

TOANSATtONi
COUNTaV I IANGUAGS VOOG-NJClAS
[
U. SJOASS. I DATE I PAGES I IU.US. I
I
bnolaos. IJul'ifll 33 I 5 IIgraphe

fATU2^S

A03TOAOT
Point-source distribution rcathod of calculating aerodynamic'coefficients of thin wrings
at supersonic speeds was extended to include effect of region between wing and bounder/ and
foremost Each nave from wing leading edgo. As examples of method, pressure distribution on
thin plate ring of rectangular plan form and lift and drag coefficients as function of Each
number, angle of attack and aspect ration are calculated. Surface velocity potential
equations of several plan forms are included.
Wings - Lift (99l69)i Wings - Kich number (99171.2)
NOTSt Roquests for copies of this report must be addressed toi N.A.C.A.,
Rashinirton, D. XT.
T-2, KQ, AQ MATBSa CQMttAND

T^uiECKM1CAI

UND

WRICMT HIID, OH. USAAf C/j/

OT-O-Jl C3AQ 47 C3

raanra'o (ratals)
Evvard, John C.

IT* ^ m

^jjjji [jyom com DID """",Dffl ll1111

ffO- 96oe
3G. AGJCY NlcS

fHrl382
KCTIONi ijing and Airfoils (6)
CROSS BEFBIENceSi Wings - AorodynaniD=499*59^T-i&:
dynamics. Supersonic (05150); ff?essure distribution
AUTHORS)
Kings (7^001: Airfoils - Drag*~75ggQlr^
AAH.Tlflfc Distribution of wve drag and lift in the vicinity 6fggjlg_tlpr^t supersonic
FOOCN.

mu.

fi U /

OOGMATMG AGENCY: Hatlonal Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Washington, D. C.

TOANSIATICOJ.

' Q.il/0 6

HAWKS
Jui'ltf
5 J2aphs
ADOTOACT
Point-source distribution mathod of calculating aorodynamic-coefficients of thin wings
at supersonic speeds was extended to include effect of region between wing and boundary and
foremost Each wave from wing leading edge. As examples of method, pressure distribution ol
thin plate wing of rectangular plan form and lift and drag coefficients as function of Each
number, angle of attack and aspect ration are calculated. Surface velocity potential
equations of several plan forms are included.
Wings - lift (99169); Wings - Each number (99171.2)
NOTEt Requests for copies of this report must be addressed to: H.A.C.A.,
Washington.. D. tt.
.
COUNTRY

n.S.

rI lANGUAGf
IANG
EFOSCNjCI

I Eng.

M, KQ, Ad MATBm COMMAND

U. SjCLASS.
taolass.

DA

TSliECKNICAL

PAGES

UND

IUUS.

IM>