Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Fossil
fuel
Electrical
energy
Electric
Grid
network
Heat
energy
Generato
r
Consume
rs
Steam
Steam
turbine
a) Coal, oil or gas is burnt in the furnace. The h.. energy released is used to
heat water in the boiler.
b) The water changes to h p steam.
c) The high pressure steam is used to turn the t.. which are attached to
generators.
d) Electricity is produced in a generator by s. an electromagnet inside
the fixed coils of wire.
e) The condenser changes the steam back to w and pumped back to the
boiler.
f) Vast amount of water are needed for condenser and this can be obtained from a
nearby river or lake.
5. Hydroelectric power station
a) Water is held in a large r
b) Running water falls from the dam through a tunnel to s the turbine.
c) The turbine is attached to generators to produce electricity.
d) No f. is needed to supply energy to spin the generators.
Water
High
position
High
potential
energy
Reservoir
Pass
through
turbines
High
kinetic
energy
Rotation
(spinning
)
Consume
rs
Electric
grid
network
Generato
r
Form 3 Science
Compresso
r (filter +
compress)
Gas
chamber
Mix with
natural
gas
Gas
expand
CO2 +
H2O
produced
Ignited
by spark
plugs
Combustio
n chamber
Rotation
(spinning
)
Generato
r
Electrical
energy
Electric
grid
network
Rotation
Small
current
Generato
r
Small
town /
village
Form 3 Science
Nuclear
reactor
Nuclear
fission
Heat
energy
Generato
r
Rotate
turbines
Steam
Boiler
Electrical
energy
Electric
grid
Consume
rs
Wood fuel
8.2
Rubbish
Alcohol fuels
Crops
Landfill gas
Transformer
Form 3 Science
Form 3 Science
8.3
The electricity transmission and distribution system
1. The AC mains power supply is generated in the power stations, transmitted (sent)
through long-distance cables and then distributed to consumers.
2. The t. s consists of power stations, transformer
stations, switch zones and the National Grid network. The d..
s consists of main substations and local substations.
3. The generators at the power station produce alternating voltage as high as
8.4
Form 3 Science
2. The live wire and neutral wire are connected to a main fuse, an electricity meter, a
main switch, a circuit breaker and then to a distribution box.
3. The distribution box contains switches and fuses which lead to different circuits in the
house.
4. The functions of the parts in an electrical wiring system are shown in the table below.
Part
Live wire
Neutral wire
Earth wire
Electricity meter
Main switch
Fuse
Circuit breaker
Function
It carries AC electricity into the house from the local substation. This
wire is dangerous as it carries h. voltage (240 V).
It completes the electrical circuit from the house back to the local
substation when the switches are on. This wire is usually at z volt.
Connects an appliance directly to earth as a s
m.
It measures how much electricity u. in house.
Controls the a of current which flows through the circuit
into the house.
A safety device used to protect equipment or wiring from
e.. amount. It cuts off the circuit if too great a current
passes through it.
A safety device which used to t. o the electricity
automatically if too much current flows or short circuit occurs in a
circuit.
Form 3 Science
8.5
1. Power is the rate of using energy. The S.I. unit for power is w. (W) or
j.. (J s-1).
Electrical power ( W )=
2. Electrical appliances are normally marked with the power and voltage rating.
/ P = VI
3. The unit commonly used for electrical energy is the kilowatt hour (kWh).
Questions:
1. A toaster operating at 240 V has a power rating of 550 W. What is the operating
current of the toaster?
Form 3 Science
4. The tariff rate of domestic consumption is shown in table below. Joule per meter
readings for a home are recorded below:
Domestic tariff (per Cost
per
Before
month)
unit
After
First 100 units
RM 0.20
Usage
Subsequent 900 units
RM 0.23
Additional units
RM 0.26
Calculate the cost of electrical energy consumption.
Meter
reading
41 242
41 766
524 kWh
5. An electrical appliance labelled 240 V, 1500 W, is used for 50 hours. What is the cost
of electrical energy used if the cost per unit is 30 sen?
6. State the unit for the electrical energy and electrical power.
b) The cost of electricity per unit is given as RM 0.25. What is the cost of electricity if
the electric kettle is used for 4 hours?
Form 3 Science
8.6
b) C. fuses
- Usually fixed in and some other electrical devices.