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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

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TITLE:

SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR

INDEX OF REVISIONS
DESCRIPTION AND/OR REVISED SHEETS
1

ISSUE FOR PROPOSAL

DATE
DESIGN
EXECUTION
CHECKING
APPROVED

REV. 1
28/03/2015
M.OTACIO

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CONTENT
1 - OBJECTIVE
2 - REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
3 - GENERAL CONDITIONS
4 - TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
4.1 - Generating Group
4.2 - Synchronous Generator
4.3 - Stator and Rotor
4.4 - Excitation
4.5 - Automatic Voltage Regulator
4.6 - Insulation
4.7 - Bearings
4.8 - Cooling System
4.9 - Terminals
4.10 -Connection Boxes
4.11 -Temperature Sensors
4.12 -Heating Resistors
4.13 -Wiring
4.14 -Grounding and Ground Fault Detection
4.15 -Nameplates
4.16 -Inspection, Testing and Certification / Classification
4.17 -Studies/Analysis of Electrical System
5 - TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION
6 - CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRICAL PANELS AND SYSTEMS
6.1 - General Characteristics
6.2 - Technical Characteristics of Protection Relays
6.3 - Control, Instruments, Current Transformers (CT's) and Potential Transformers (PT's)
6.4 - Signaling / Alarms
6.5 - Control Panel

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1 - OBJECTIVE
This Specification establishes the minimum conditions demanded for manufacture and
supply of Synchronous Generator and associated panels for Offshore Units.
2 - REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

Data Sheet of respective generator and driver.

3 - GENERAL CONDITIONS
3.1 -

The supplier must fill out on the Data Sheet the fields left blank with * indication and
the field corresponding to the list of standards applicable to design, manufacture and
testing of equipment and accessories.
The other fields shall be filled out after eventual purchaser order.

4 - TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
4.1 -

Generation group

4.1.1 -

The generation group shall be fitted with devices avoiding the transmission of
dynamic mechanical stresses to the base of the unit up to 20% of the rated speed.

4.1.2 -

The suppliers of the package must pay special attention to ABS.issues.

4.1.3 -

The generator group must withstand the transient conditions imposed by the
electrical system.

4.1.4 -

Synchronizer modules, speed controller, and speed actuator shall be defined by

manufacture. Manufacturer for all these components shall be preferentially the
same.

4.2 4.2.1 -

Synchronous Generator
The generator must have capacity for operating continuously under the conditions of
an unbalanced system, provided none of the phases exceeds the rated current and
that the ratio between the components of negative sequence of the system to the
rated current does not exceed:
(a) 12%, for generators with salient poles;
(b) 8%, for generators with cylindrical rotor.

4.2.2 -

The generator and its exciter shall be capable of withstanding an over-speed 20%
above the rated value by two minutes.

4.2.3 -

The generator short circuit ratio (Rc = Io/Ic ) at rated voltage and when saturated
shall be no less than:
(a) for salient pole generators:
0.7 for generators of up to and including 2500 kVA;
0.65 for generators of over 2500kVA;

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(b) for cylindrical rotor generators:

0.50 for generators up to and including 2500kVA;
0.45 for generators of over 2500kVA.
4.2.4 -

Generator complying with these requirements shall be capable of supplying their

rated output at rated speed and at rated power-factor at a voltage that may vary
between 95% and 105% of their rated voltage.

4.2.5 -

The generator(s) is to be fitted with damping windings so as to permit parallel

operation between the main generators and the parallel operation in Data Sheets (if
any).

4.2.6 -

The generator shall be designed and manufactured so as to facilitate extraction of

the rotor in the horizontal direction without removal of the stator.

4.2.7 -

The generator must withstand the corrosion caused by the humidity and atmosphere
characteristic of the site of installation, as indicated in the Data Sheet.

4.2.8 -

The electrical contacts for remote indication shall be of the single pole (SPDT) type.

4.2.9 -

The generator, the exciter and the auxiliary systems shall be suitable for operating
continuously during the period of time from one general overhaul to the next as
defined for the driving machine. IEC-34-1 service class S-1 will be applicable not
only to the generator but to the whole of the associated equipment.
Maximum continuous rated power is to be expressed in available kVA at generator
terminal, under rated voltage, frequency and power factor conditions.

4.2.10 - The active load share (when generators are running in parallel) is to be effected
through the DROOP and ISOCHRONOUS characteristics of the engines speed
regulators.
The selection of engine operation in droop or isochronous mode is to be effected by
a two-position change over switch. This commutation is to be possible with the
machine in running condition.
4.2.11 - The generator must withstand for 30 seconds a current value equivalent to at last
150% of the rated value, voltage and frequency as near the rated value as possible.
4.2.12 - Generator shall be capable of withstanding a short-circuit current at terminals,
involving one or all phases, with or without grounding, for a period of three seconds
when running at rated speed and rated voltage.
4.2.13 - The total harmonic distortion (THD) and each individual harmonic shall not exceed
respectively 5% and 3% of rated voltage, measured at the generator terminals at full
load with a 0.8 lagging power factor. Each individual harmonic shall not exceed
0.5% of rated voltage, measured at the generator terminals at no load. The
manufacturer shall be state the rms value of the harmonic components of phase
voltage on the Data Sheet. These data shall be included in the bid and shall later be
confirmed in tests.
4.2.14 - The manufacturer shall state the values at full load and no load of the third harmonic
component of the voltage on the Data Sheet and shall prove this value on a
calculation memorandum submitted in his bid. The manufacturer shall also state
what procedure will be used to attenuate voltage induced by the third harmonic.

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4.2.15 - The telephone interference factor (TIF) shall not exceed 1,5% of rated voltage,
measured at the generator terminals at no load in accordance with Brazilian
standard ABNT NBR-5117.
4.3 4.3.1 -

4.4 -

Stator and Rotor

Manufacturers shall include in their tender details of construction of the stator and of
the way the windings are attached.
Excitation

4.4.1 -

The class of insulation of the exciter shall be identical with that of generator.

4.4.2 -

The generator will have a brushless type rotary exciter. The primary supply voltage
for the excitation system will be obtained directly from a permanent magnet
generator (PMG) driven by the same prime mover that drives the generator and
exciter.
The excitation system must comply with:
(a) Maximum excitation voltage shall not be lower than 150% (ceiling voltage) in
relation to the rated value, at full load, with response ratio not lower than 0.5 s-1.
(b) Rated voltage shall be at least 110% of field excitation voltage, for generator
running with full load, with 5% over-voltage and rated power factor.
(c) Rated current shall be at least 110% of field excitation current for generator
running with full load with 5% over-voltage and rated power factor.
(d) Must ensure maintenance of at least three times (300%) the rated current of
one generator for not less than 2 seconds, when a three-phase short circuit
occurs on the terminals.
The diodes used in the rectifying bridge shall be of silicon, of the hermetically-sealed
type, suitably sized and appropriate for withstanding the stresses imposed by the
transient fault conditions. To be mounted in readily accessible finned units, designed
so as to permit efficient cooling of the semi-conductor and ensure mechanical
rigidity on a compatible basis and reliable electrical connections.
The rectifying unit is to be supervised by a system for detecting fault in rectification,
to signalize and alarm in case of a failure.
Excitation should be disconnected if a fault remains after disconnection of the circuit
breaker of the generator.

4.4.3 -

The exciter nameplate is to be of stainless steel containing at least the following

data. Stainless steel to be AISI 304 or 316:
(a) name of manufacturers;
(b) serial number and type;
(c) type of excitation;
(d) rated power;
(e) rated voltage;
(f) rated excitation current;
(g) class of insulation;
(h) year of manufacture;

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weight (kgf).

4.4.4 -

The potential transformers and current transformers are to be supplied by

generator's manufacturer as an integral part of the excitation system, these
transformers should not be used for protection or measurement.

4.4.5 -

The exciter terminals are to be connected in an exclusive box not containing circuits
for other purposes.

4.5 -

Automatic Voltage Regulator

4.5.1 -

Shall be a solid state type, mounted on a steel chassis suitable for assembly on the
control panel.

4.5.2 -

The voltage regulator is to have capacity for supplying the ceiling current
corresponding to the maximum excitation voltage for a period of not less than three
seconds, considering the generators with rated voltage at their terminals.

4.5.3 -

The regulator is to have a fully controlled rectifying bridge with a maximum field
current and voltage limiting circuit.

4.5.4 -

The regulator is to be suitable for operation in parallel with other machines, including
the generator(s) set(s) specified in the Data Sheet for transfer of loads to the main
generation system.

4.5.5 -

The voltage regulation system must provide means for manual and automatic
adjustment of voltage through the manual-automatic switch. In any situation, it is to
be under control of the regulator voltage/frequency (volt-Hertz) characteristic.

4.5.6 -

The reactive load sharing (when generators are running in parallel) is to be effected
through the DROOP characteristics of the generators voltage regulators.

4.5.7 -

The voltage of generator shall be restored to within + 3% of rated voltage in not

more than 1.5s, with the generator running at 50% rated kVA and starting kVA 87%
of rated kVA. Initial load is asynchronous motor type.

4.5.8 -

4.5.9 -

o
The voltage regulator is to maintain its characteristics for variations of + 10 C at the
environmental temperature indicated on the Data Sheet and for + 5% frequency
variations.
As measured at generator terminals from no load to full load at rated power factor,
voltage shall remain in the following ranges:
Vn plus or minus 0.5%,in isolated operation;
Vn plus or minus 2.5%,in parallel operation;
The accuracy of the voltage regulator in separate shall be a maximum of plus or
minus 0.5%.

4.6 -

Insulation

4.6.1 -

The generator windings are to support on a continuous basis a nominal voltage

value (phase-phase), between phases and ground, without this causing damage or
reduction in the useful life of those windings.

4.6.2 -

Shall be used ARALDITE IMPREGNATING RESIN SYSTEM with vacuum method

for windings impregnation (or similar product).

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Rotor and stator windings shall be class F or B, with increase project temperature
class B.
Bearings

4.7.1 -

To be electrically insulated in order to prevent damage due to the passing of parasite

currents (circulating currents) in the shaft. A shaft grounding brush shall be provided
unless resistance to ground is sufficiently low to avoid any static charge.

4.7.2 -

When supplied with thrust bearings that permit axial displacement, means shall be
provided to indicate the location of the magnetic center.

4.7.3 -

Lubrication of bearings is to be compatible with the type of thrust bearing.

4.7.4 -

The bearings shall be the type of thrust bearing and manufacturers are to supply in
tender details of the lubrication, method of protection and sealing.

4.7.5 -

They are to be fitted with sealing devices so as to prevent leakage of lubricant or

penetration of water or humidity.

4.8 -

Cooling System
The cooling air is to circulate in a closed circuit, being impelled by fans mounted on
the shaft of the generator rotor.
If Generators is fitted with air-air cooling system, the air shall be circulated in closed
circuit.

4.9 -

Terminals

4.9.1 -

General

4.9.1.1.

The generator is to be fitted with independent boxes sized for housing the ends
of the power cables and control cables. The control cables are to be grouped
together in terminal blocks and suitably identified. Excitation system box shall
be independent from power box.

4.9.1.2.

The generator must have six accessible terminals, installed so as to facilitate

the work of maintenance.
These terminals are to be connected to the Terminal Box and Neutral
Connection Box.

4.9.1.3.

The connection points of the neutral terminals of each phase are to be as close
as possible to the stator.
Current transformers are to be provided between the terminals of the windings
and the neutral point.

4.9.1.4.

All terminals shall be insulated up to the connection point and the latter is to be
silvered.

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4.9.2 4.9.2.1.
4.9.3 4.9.3.1.

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Terminal Box
By Manufacturer.
Neutral Connection Box
By Manufacturer.

4.10 - Connection Boxes

4.10.1 - By Manufacturer
4.11 - Temperature Sensors
4.11.1 - By Manufacturer
4.12 - Heating Resistors
4.12.1 - The generator heating resistors, when indicated on the Data Sheet, must operate in
such a manner that the internal environmental temperature is higher than the
environmental design temperature up to a maximum limit of 60 C at any point.

4.13 - Wiring
4.13.1 - Conductors connected to current transformers are to be linked up with terminals
permitting short-circuiting.
The wiring coming from potential transformers and other normally energized sources
are to be connected up to protected terminal blocks containing a notice that may be
energized ("ATENO-TERMINAIS ENERGIZADOS").
4.14 - Grounding and Ground Fault Detection(NOT APPLICABLE TO UNGROUNDED
GENERATOR)
Generator shall be insulated neutral in ship installations.
4.15 - Nameplates
4.15.1 - The Generator nameplate is to be of stainless steel (AISI-316 or 304), containing the
following data:
(a) Suplyer;
(b) Manufacturer's name;
(c) Serial number, date code or other indication making it possible to recognize the
type of manufacture;

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(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(l)
(m)
(n)
(o)
(p)
(q)

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rated power;
rated voltage;
rated current;
direct transient reactance;
direct sub-transient reactance;
rated frequency;
number of phases;
sequence of phases;
rated r.p.m.;
insulation temperature classes or temperature rise limits (for rotor and stator);
connections of windings, indicated by symbols;
rated power factor;
weight of rotor and stator in kilograms;
efficiency.

4.15.2 - Nameplates made of material resistant to corrosion and humidity are to be applied
for identification and location of all electric equipment, panels, relays, meters and
terminal boxes.
Nameplates to have black lettering engraved in bas-relief against a white
background, except those referring to alarm signals and hazards, which are to have
white lettering on a red background.
4.15.3 - All rotary equipment to be fitted with corrosion-resistant metallic plates attached with
metallic rivets.
4.16 - Inspection and Testing
4.16.1 - General
4.16.1.1.

Generator and associated electrical equipment to be inspected and tested in

accordance with the ABS standards.

4.16.1.2.

Tests to be witnessed by ABS surveyors or persons appointed by the latter.

4.16.1.3.

Suppliers shall provide ABS with all results obtained in the inspections/ tests,
duly recorded in suitable reports.

4.16.2 - List of Tests

4.16.2.1.

At Factory
According ABS Rules

4.16.2.2.

At Shipyard (after installation of generator on Unit):

Dielectric tests on windings of armature and field.
Tests on alarms, metering devices, controls, signaling, switches and relays,
including spare parts.
Resistance of insulation in armature and field windings.
Continuity and insulation of power and control wiring of engine-generator
unit.
Mechanical running test (string test), including:
a. Functional test of all auxiliaries;

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Test of all protection and control system, including:

Checking parallel operation and load sharing;
Loading and driving time measurement;
Checking alarms, metering devices, controls, signaling switches,
regulators and relays.

5 - TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION
Documentation shall be sent to ABS approval.
a. Classification Society Test Report.
6 - CHARACTERISTICS OF ELETRICAL PANELS AND SYSTEMS
6.1 -

General Characteristics

6.1.1 -

Panel shall have IPW41 degree of protection.

6.1.2 -

All metallic parts belonging to the panel and not intended to carry current, shall be
connected with the panel's grounding bus bar. The bus bar shall be inside the panel
and be fitted with suitable "non-welded" type connectors for gauge 25 mm stranded
copper cabling at each end.

6.1.3 -

All power panel and auxiliary panel shall be Arc Resistant.

6.2 -

Technical Characteristics of Protection Relays

6.2.1 -

The protection relays shall fully comply with the ABS requirements.

6.2.2 -

All protection relays shall be microprocessed.

6.3 -

Control, instruments, current transformers (CT's) and potential transformers

(PT's).

6.3.1 -

The generator manufacturer shall define and supply the CT's and PT's to allow the
perfect operation of control, protection and excitation devices linked to the
generator(s). CT's and PT's to be separated for measurement/ signaling, protection
and excitation systems. Shall be of the dry type. Terminal block connected to CT
circuits shall be supplied with means for short-circuiting those when necessary.

6.3.2 -

Contactors and auxiliary relays to be capable of continuous operation duty without

auxiliary resistance.
The use of contactors and auxiliary relays to multiply contacts to be held to a
minimum and not used to multiply contacts for tripping signals.

6.3.3 -

Metering
By manufacturer.

6.4 -

Signaling / Alarms

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An electronic-type alarm system (installed in the control panel) shall be provided for
each driver-generator, indicating the operating conditions and the defects.
The functions of perception of state, lamp test, switching-off of siren are to be effected
on the control panel.

6.5 6.5.1 -

Color of lamp

Equipment/function

Red (R)
White (W)
Green (G)
Yellow (Y)
Blue (B)

Circuit breaker closed

Circuit breaker open and blocked
Circuit breaker open; ready to close
Circuits grounded; extraction of compartments
Emergency shut-down

Control panel
General
For each generation system, shall have a control panel with synoptic, switches,
lamps, synchronism equipment, metering and protection relays.
The control panel is intended to centralize and monitor the operation of the following
systems:
Manual start-up and shut-down of generator(s);
Control of generator(s) excitation system;
Automatic reactive load sharing system;
Signaling and alarms of generator(s) and respective drivers;
Meters (as per Data Sheet);
Signaling of state of circuit-breakers;
Generation System(s) automation (if any).
Mutual synchronism of generators, through the generator circuit-breakers and
through main generation switchboard bus-tie circuit-breaker(s);
For both manual and automatic, the synchronism action shall be liberated by
synchronism relay (function 25), independent from automatic synchronizer.
Other necessary controls and equipment.