Characteristics Orthomyxviruses Picornaviruses Paramyxoviruses Lentiviruses Retroviruses

Spherical, pleomorphic, Spherical, pleomorphic, Spherical, 80 – 110 nm

Icosahedral, 28 – 30 in Spherical, 80 – 100 nm
80 – 120 nm in 150 nm or more in in diameter, helical
Virion diameter, contains 60 in diameter, cylindrical
diameter (helical diameter (helical nucleoprotein within
subunits core
nucleocapsid) nucleocapsid) icosahedral capsid
RNA (2%), protein
RNA (1%), protein RNA (1%), protein
RNA (30%), protein (about 60%), lipid
Composition (73%), lipid (20%), CHO (73%), lipid (20%), CHO
(70%) (about 35%), CHO
(6%) (6%)
(about 3%)
Single stranded RNA,
Single-stranded RNA,
Single-stranded RNA Single-stranded RNA Single-stranded RNA, linear, positive sense;
Genome linear, nonsegmented,
(negative sense) (positive sense) linear, positive-sense may be defective and
negative sense
may carry oncogene
Envelope glycoprotein
undergoes antigenic
variation; reverse
Four major polypeptides Reverse transcriptase
Nine structural proteins, Six to eight structural transcriptase enzyme
Proteins cleaved from a large enzyme contained
one nonstructural proteins conained inside virions;
precursor polyprotein inside virions
protease required for
production ofinfectious
virus
Contains viral
glycoprotein, (G, H or
Contains viral
HN), which sometimes
hemagglutinin (HA) and
Envelope None carries HA or NA Present Present
neuraminidase (NA)
activity; and fusion (F)
proteins
glycoprotein; very
fragile
Reverse transcriptase
Reverse transcriptase
makes DNA copy from
Nuclear transcription; makes DNA copy from
Cytoplasm; particles genomic RNA; DNA
particles mature by genomicRNA; provirus
Replication Cytoplasm bud from plasma (provirus) integrates
budding from plasma DNA is template for
membrane into cellular
membrane Viral RNA; Genetic
chromosome; provirus
variability is common
is template for viral RNA
Outstanding Genetic reassortment Family is made up of Antigenically stable; During maturation Virions bud from plasma
 particles bud from
membrane; infections
plasma membrane;
many enterovirus and do not kills cells; may
common among infect cells of the
rhinovirus types that particles are labile yet transducer cellular
Characteristics members of the same immune system; non-
infect humans and highly infectious oncogenes, may
genus oncogenic; cause slowly
lower animals activate expression of
progressive chronic
cell genes
diseases
Many members are
tumor viruses like HPV
(cervical cancer), HCV
Influenza viruses which Species usually infect Human ImmunoVirus is (hepatocellular
Characteristic Polio virus and agent of
cause worldwide the respiratory tract the characteristic carcinoma), HBV
species common cold
epidemics (parainfluenza viruses) species causing AIDs (hepatocellular
carcinoma),HIV (AIDS
related malignancies),
EBV (B cell lymphoma)

Characteristics Coronaviruses Rhabdoviruses Adenoviruses Herpes viruses

Spherical, 120 – 160 nm Bullet-shaped, 75 nm in Icosahedral, 70 – 90 Spherical, 150 – 200
Virion in diameter, helical diameter x 180 nm in nm in diameter, 252 nm in diameter
nucleocapsid length capsomeres; (icosahedral)
RNA (4%), protein
DNA (13%), protein
Composition (67%), lipid (26%), CHO
(87%)
(3%)
Single-stranded Double-stranded
Single-stranded RNA,
RNA,linear, DNA, linear, 26-45 Double stranded
Genome linear, nonsegmented,
nonsegmented, kbp, protein-bound DNA, linear
positive sense
negative sense to termini, infectious
Proteins Two glycoprotein and Five major proteins; one Important antigens More than 35
one phosphoprotein; is the envelope (hexon, penton base, proteins in virion
some contain a third glycoprotein fiber) area
glycoprotein associated with the
(hemagglutinin major outer capsid
 esterase) proteins
Contgains large, widely Contains viral
Envelope spaced, club- or petal Present None glycoproteins, Fc
shaped spikes receptors
Cytoplasm; particles
mature by budding into Cytoplasm, virions bud Nucleus, budt from
Replication Nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum from plasma membrane nuclear membrane
and Golgi apparatus
Encode many
enzymes, establish
latent infections;
Cause colds and severe
persist indefinitely in
acute respiratory
Outstanding Wide array of viruses Excellent models for infected hosts;
syndrome (SARS);
Characteristics with broad host range; molecular studies frequently
difficult to grow in cell
reactivated in
culture
immunosuppressed
host; soe are cancer
causing
Cause respiratory
diseases, eye
Characteristic Group includes the Includes EBV, CMV.
SARS virus infections,
species deadly rabies virus Varicella Zoster virus
gastrointestinal
disease, etc.