Professional Documents
Culture Documents
on Non-Destructive Evaluation
NDE 2011, December 8-10, 2011
1,2
Modular Fabrication Facility, E & C Division;
Heavy Engineering Division, Larsen & Toubro Limited, Hazira Manufacturing Complex, Surat, Gujarat, INDIA
4
Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Technology & Engineering,
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, INDIA
ABSTRACT
Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) is the application of measurement techniques in order to identify damage and
irregularities in materials. Different non-destructive examination methods are called for at various stages viz. InManufacture Inspection (IMI), Pre-Service Inspection (PSI) and In-Service Inspection (ISI). The presence of flaws in
critical components may result in the integrity of such systems being compromised and increase the likelihood of
failure. Correct selection and application of an NDT technique can provide confidence that a component or piece of
plant does not contain defects of the type which the technique was capable of detecting. The capability of an NDT
technique to detect and size specified defects can be assessed by the gathering of evidence based on physical reasoning,
theoretical modelling, experimental work and previously published work. In this case NDT is just one of a number of
quality control activities aimed at producing a component or piece of plant to a particular specification. The NonDestructive Testing methods to be used and the maximum size of flaws which can be tolerated are given in the flaw
acceptance clauses in various codes. In this liberalized and global market, it is necessary for an industry to manufacture
product (viz. pressure vessels, boilers, piping, structure & nuclear components etc.) according to various national/
international codes & standards and hence, it is necessary to know, understand & interpret various acceptance criteria.
Study of this acceptance standards & comparison between them is the need for todays Fabrication industries aspires
to be globalized.
Keywords : Integrity, Flaws, Interpretation, Reliability, Globalize
INTRODUCTION
THEORY
Acceptance Criteria:
Limit of shape, size and position of discontinuities acceptable
within the context of the specific design requirements.
Many codes are having common acceptance criteria. Therefore,
it become unambiguous for inspector to identify the defects,
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Rounded indications
Relevant Indications
Only those rounded indications which exceed the following
dimensions shall be considered relevant.
(1)
(2)
(3)
COMPARISON BETWEEN ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR VISUAL EXAMINATION OF WIDELY USED CODES
Table 1 : Comparison between Acceptance standard for AWS D1.1, ASME Sec.VIII Div.1 & ASME B31.3
Table 2 : Comparison between Acceptance standard for ISO 5817, ASME Sec.VIII Div.1 & AWS D1.1
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COMPARISON BETWEEN ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION OF WIDELY USED CODES
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391
REFERENCES
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22. BS EN 12517-1:2006 Non-destructive testing of weldsPart 1: Evaluation of welded joints in steel, nickel,
titanium and their alloys by radiography Acceptance
levels
23. PD 5500:2009 Specification for Unfired fusion welded
pressure vessels
24. AD 2000-Merkblatt HP 5/3 Manufacture and testing of
joints, Non-destructive testing of welded joints, January
2002 edition
25. BS 5289:1976 (1983) Code of Practice. Visual inspection
of fusion welded joints
26. BS 970:1997 Non-destructive examination of fusion
welds Visual examination