6/1/2015

CHAPTER 2 (Week 3)
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

Dr.S.Rajalingam
L1 - Numerical Summary of Data
L2 - Data Display and summary
REMARK REFER TO CHAPTER 4

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

Explain the concepts of

sample mean
sample variance
sample standard deviation
population mean
population variance

Compute and interpret the

sample mean
sample variance
sample standard deviation
sample median
sample range

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Definition - Population & Sample

Population:

A collection, or set, of individuals or objects or events

whose properties are to be analyzed.
( the number UTP students)

Sample:

A subset of the population. The number of individuals of a

sample is called the sample size.
( the number of engineering students in UTP)

Illustration of selection of a sample from a population

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Population - Sample
Variable:
A characteristic of the objects in a population.

CGPA of UTP students (number)

Gender of an engineering graduate ( category: male or female)

Its value may change from one object to another in the

population

Univariate:
A data set consists of observations on a single variable.
( type of transmission in a car, automatic or manual)
Multivariate:
A data set arises when observations made on more than
one variable (measurement of height and weight for
group of people)

Types of variables
Variable

Quantitative

Discrete
(e.g. number of houses,
Cars, accidents)

Qualitative or categorical
(e.g. make of a computer, hair colour
Gender)

Continuous
(e.g. length, age, height,
Weight, time)

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Statistics

Descriptive
Statistics
-Methods of organizing,
display, and describe
important features of
data by
* tables,
* graphs, and
* summary measures

Inferential
Statistics

-Methods that use sample

results to help make
decisions (inferences) or
predictions about a
population
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Descriptive Statistics

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Inferential Statistics

Consider the 200 ml apple juice drink

problem. You want to test the companys
claim that the mean amount of drink is 200ml.
You suspect that the mean amount of drink is
less than 200ml

Best Measure of Center

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Mean

The mean is the balance point for a system

of unit weights at points x1, x2, ,xn

X10

X7

X3

X1

1.5

X
5.5

X8 X2

X5 X4 X6

X9

6.5 7

8.5 9.5 10

11

x x 1 x 2 x 1 0 55;

55
5.5
10
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Population mean
(pronouns as mu)

Sample mean

Sum of all values

In the population

x
N

The population size

Sum of all values

In the sample

x
n

The sample size

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Measure of Variation/Dispersion
1.

Range
Definition

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Measure of Variation
2.

Standard Deviation
Definition

There are 2 type of SD

1.Population SD
2.Sample SD
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Variability Population Variance & SD

Population variance :

x2

( x ) 2
N

Population standard deviation is

(Square root of variance)

15

Variability Sample SD

Sample Variance

s
2

( x ) 2

n 1

Sample Standard Deviation: SD = s (Square root of variance)

16

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Exercise 1:
Find the mean, variance and standard deviation for the following
observations:
55 68 90 42 89 70
x

s2

55 68 90 42 89 70 414

69
6
6

x2

( x ) 2

n 1

30334
5

( 414 ) 2
6
353 .6

s 18 .804
DYS Find SD by
using another
formula
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Exercise 3: (L1) (DIY)

Seven oxide thickness measurements of
wafers are studied to assess quality in a
semiconductor manufacturing process. The
data (in angstroms) are: 1264, 1280, 1301,
1300, 1292, 1307, and 1275. Calculate the
sample average, variance and standard
deviation.
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The venue for Test 1 and Test 2 for FDM 2063 as follow:

Test 1:
Date : Wednesday, 1st. July 2015
Time: 4.30 6.30pm.
No. of Students : 450
Venue : MAIN HALL
Test 2:
Date : Thursday, 6rd. August 2015
Time: 4.30 6.30pm.
No. of Students : 450
Venue: MAIN HALL.
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