MACHINERY

HAZARD

OBJECTIVE
At the end this session participant be able
to:
Give the definition of machinery
Explain 10 types of machinery hazards
Describe methods to reduce and control
machinery hazards

SCOPE

Definition of A Machine
Machine Parts and Function
Machinery Hazards
Machinery Accidents
Methods for Controlling Machinery Hazards
Conclusion
Group Work

Machinery
A equipment that can supply power, has
both fixed and moving part, each serving a
particular function. BS 5304:1975

WMachinery parts
Operational / Functional
Perform output functions (e.g. Driller Machine)

Non-Operational / Non-Functional
Transfer power or motion to the operational part
(example: motor drive shaft)

MACHINERY PART
Operational / Functional
Prime Movers
Engines, motors or other appliances which
provides mechanical energy derived from air,
steam, water, wind, electricity, the combustion
of fuels or other sources.
(Defined by FMA 1967)

MACHINERY PART
Operational / Functional
Transmission Machinery
Every shaft, wheel, drum, pulley, system of
fast and loose pulleys, coupling, clutch, driving
belt or other device by which the motion of the
prime mover of other source of mechanical
power is transmitted or received by any
machine or appliance.
(Definition under FMA 1967)

MACHINERY HAZARD
TYPES OF HAZARDS
Cutting
Shearing
Stabbing and
Puncturing
Impact
Entanglement

Friction and Abrasion

Crushing
Drawing In
Ejection
Release of Potential
Energy

MACHINERY HAZARD

1.
2.
3.

Cutting Hazard
Contact with a sharp surface such as:
Saw
Blade of knife
Disc

CUTTING HAZARD

MACHINERY HAZARD
Shearing Hazard
Remove or separating body part by cutting
Between two moving machinery;
Between a machine part and workspace
Between a static and a moving machine

SHEARING HAZARD

MACHINERY HAZARD
Stabbing and Puncturing Hazards
Tips of machine parts, work
materials and objects flying into
(an piercing) the body.
Example: Needle, splinters of
grindstones.

STABBING AND PUNCTURING

HAZARD

MACHINERY HAZARD
Impact Hazard
Occurs when an object or part of a
machine acts on the body but
does not puncture or pierce the
body
Example: Hit by a motion part.

MACHINERY HAZARD
Entanglement Hazard
Clothing or hair entangled in the parts of
machine that rotate or move.
Example: Roller machine, gear, shaft (axle),
wheel, chain.

ENTANGLEMENT HAZARD
(FIGURE MH4)

MACHINERY HAZARD
Friction and Abrasion Hazard
Cause the burning or removal of a
layer of skin on the body.
Example: Abrasive wheel,
sanding.

FRICTION AND ABRASION

HAZARD

MACHINERY HAZARD
Crushing Hazard
The pressing of a part of the body between
two object / solid machine parts
Example: Stamping Machinery, Power
Press.

CRUSHING HAZARD

MACHINERY HAZARD
Drawing In Hazard
A body part is pulled into machine
and trapped between the moving
parts of machine
Example: Roller Machine

DRAWING IN HAZARD

MACHINERY HAZARD
Ejection Hazard
Work material or part of a
machine is pushed out
Reason for occurrence:
Failure of machine
Failure of work material

Example: Abrasive wheel, Drill

MACHINERY HAZARD
Release of Potential Energy
Hazard
Example:
1. Pressure release
2. Object falling
3. Reserve energy in spring

MACHINERY ACCIDENT
TYPES
Contact or trapped between
machinery and any material
Entangled with machine parts
Entangled with material
Hit by ejected machine parts
Hit by materials that have been
sprung / rejected out
Release of potential energy

MACHINERY HAZARD
CONTROL METHOD
Hazard Identification
Risk Assessment
Risk Control
Engineering
Administrative

(Discussed in other topic)

MACHINERY HAZARD CONTROL

METHOD
Hazard Identification

List down the method to identify this

hazard

MACHINERY HAZARD CONTROL

METHOD
Hazard Identification
List down to identify
machinery hazard
Answer:
Observation;
Inspection;
Worker Complaint;
Accident Statistics;

Review of
regulations;
Information from the
manufacturers;
Review of other
sources of
reference;

MACHINERY HAZARD
CONTROL METHOD
Risk Assessment
Using a 2-D Matrix Table
Considered factor:
Features of Machinery Design;
Work Methods Used;
Surrounding Conditions;
Individual Factors;
Operational Factors;

Risk Assessment
Considered factor:
Features of Machinery Design
Identify machinery hazards

Risk Assessment
Considered factor:
Working Method
Insertion and removal of materials
Actual operations
Maintenance work
Removal of waste material
Fitting and measurement of work materials

Risk Assessment
Considered factor :
Surrounding Conditions
Lighting
Entry / exit routes
Temperature
Condition of work floor
Noise
Dusty
Individual factor
Operator not competence
Psychological and physiology factors

Risk Assessment
Considered factor :
Operational factor
The process being used,
whether it is continuous or
otherwise
Unexpected movements /
starting of machinery
Mechanical failures

MACHINERY HAZARD
CONCLUSION
Machinery has various hazard depending
on the type of machinery, if uncontrolled,
can cause accidents.
To control them, it is important to first
identify the existence of hazards followed
by the assessment of risks as previously
discussed.

 Group Work
Syarikat Maju X Sdn. Bhd. Is manufacturer of X's
machine. Recently, the company had bought a few new
machinery to increase their product. That machines are:
Two (2) cutting machinery (sawn) fixed type iron ;
One (1) fixed drill
Four (4) power press machinery;
One (1) portable air compressor;
Three (3) pedestal grinder

Based on information above, list down the hazard for

each machinery.