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INTRODUCTION
world wide, most water treatment facilities use alum to remove turbidity.
The aim of the project is to find out if the natural coagulants can be a
substitute to alum and determine optimum dosages.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Turbidity brings about a serious challenge in the water treatment
process. Suspended and colloidal matter such as clay and silt are
responsible for turbid water. Surface water has high levels of
turbidity and therefore coagulants have to be used to improve water
quality by reducing turbidity. Aluminum salts are commonly used for
coagulation in the water treatment process. Alum is not available
locally thus high cost incurred for importation and produces large
amount of sludge during treatment of water.
OBJECTIVES
Main objective
Specific objectives
LITERATURE REVIEW
To evaluate the quality of drinking water, various parameters have to be considered. The
key ones are:
Turbidity: refers to the cloudiness of water and is caused by suspended particles in the
water.
METHODOLOGY
The extracts used as natural coagulants were obtained from; Glycine max
(Soya beans), Vigna unguiculata(Cowpeas), and Phaseolus
vulgaris(ordinary beans).
The seeds were dried and then ground to a fine powder using a mortar.
The powder obtained was weighed, dissolved in distilled water and made to
50 g/l.
The solution was then stirred for 30 minutes using a magnetic stirrer, and
finally filtrated through a Whatman filter no 40.
JAR TESTS
Most of the results obtained using the natural coagulants complied with the WHO
guidelines.
Increasing dosage of the various seed coagulants led to reduction in turbidity up to the
optimum dose after which the residual turbidity increased due to floc restabilization.
The results obtained show that powder from seed kernels of soya beans, cowpeas, and
ordinary beans contains some coagulating properties at loading doses of 5mg/L and above
that have similar effect as the conventional coagulant, alum.
Considering the fact that soya beans, cowpeas, and ordinary beans coagulants can be
locally produced, their use in water purification should be encouraged.
Use of natural coagulants is likely to reduce the high cost of the current water treatment
systems in Kenya and other developing nations.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Use raw water from different surface sources with varying levels of turbidity to find out
the effectiveness of the natural coagulants on removal of low and high levels of turbidity.
The natural coagulants powder should be blended in different proportions to find out their
Improve the natural coagulants through isolation of bioactive constituents from the seeds
to determine if there is an increase in the turbidity removal efficiency.