Mankind The Story of All of Us

S01E01 Inventors
mankind [mnkand] N humanidad f, gnero m humano
inventor [nventr] N inventor(a) m/f

00:00:05 We are born to survive

00:00:09 In a world full of danger.
00:00:16 Hardship makes us stronger.
hardship [hdp]
A
N (=deprivation) privacin f; (financial) apuro m; (=condition of life) miseria f
to suffer hardship(s) pasar apuros

00:00:20 We dream impossible dreams and

make them real.
00:00:25 But we are not one.
00:00:27 Mankind's struggles shape our
destiny.
struggle [strgl]AN1(lit) pelea f, forcejeo m

00:00:33 And in those struggles,

00:00:35 New worlds and new futures are
born.
00:00:44 Amidst the chaos of an unforgiving
planet,
unforgiving [nfgv] ADJ implacable

00:00:47 Most species will fail.

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fail [fel] [plan] fracasar, no dar resultado;

00:00:49 But for one, all the pieces will fall

into place,
todas las piezas caern en su lugar
00:00:56 And a set of keys will unlock a path
set of keys juego de llaves
unlock [nlk]AVT1[+ door, box] abrir (con llave)

00:00:59 For mankind to triumph.

00:01:02 This is our story,
00:01:05 The story of all of us.
00:01:14 At the dawn of time...
At the dawn En el alba
00:01:21 ...the universe explodes into being.
explode [kspld]

explode into being cobra existencia

00:01:26 With it, every atom in our bodies.
atom [tm]

00:01:32 Countless galaxies, innumerable

stars.
alaxy [glks]

00:01:42 Countless galaxies, innumerable

stars.
00:01:55 And around one of them, a blue
planet,
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00:01:59 Our earth.

00:02:03 No other known planet has both an
atmosphere and liquid water.
atmosphere [tmsfr]
liquid [lkwd]

00:02:11 The conditions needed for life.

00:02:21 13 billion years after the universe
begins,
00:02:25 A unique species is born.
00:02:28 Mankind.
00:02:32 Now, in the grasslands of east
Africa,
grassland [grslnd] N pradera f, pampa f LAm

00:02:35 We begin our struggle against the

odds.
odd [d]
A
ADJ[(compar odder); (superl oddest) ]
1
(=strange) raro, extrao

00:02:45 A band of brothers.

00:02:48 Their leader, the genetic ancestor of
all mankind.
00:02:57 Every man alive today shares a
portion of his dna.
DNA
A
N ABBR =(deoxyribonucleic acid) ADN m

00:03:04 Two inches taller than a modern

American,
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inch [/nt/
A
N pulgada f (= 2.54 cm)
inches (=height)[of person] estatura f

00:03:07 A natural athlete, a born hunter.

athlete [lit]
born [bn] (familiar) BADJ[actor, leader] nato

00:03:14 This is his home.

00:03:17 The Rift Valley of east Africa.
00:03:22 A fertile laboratory for life.
fertile [f3tal

00:03:36 In his sights, a thousand pounds of

meat.
pound 1 [pand]
A
N
1
(=weight) libra f (= 453,6gr)

00:03:41 Enough to feed his family of six for a

month.
00:03:48 Soon there will be seven,
00:03:50 The woman he shares his life with
00:03:52 Is expecting their first child.
00:03:57 Stereoscopic vision to accurately
judge distance.
stereoscopic [sterskpk] ADJ estereoscpico; [film] tridimensional, en relieve
accurately [kjrtl] ADV[measure] con exactitud; [calculate] exactamente;
judge [dd] 3(=estimate) [+ weight, size, distance] calcular

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00:04:02 Dexterous hands.

dexterous ADJ, dextrous[dekstrs] ADJ diestro, hbil

00:04:05 Speed on two legs.

00:04:12 But he has none of the natural
weapons
00:04:14 Of africa's other predators.
predator [predtr] N (=animal) depredador m; (=bird) ave f de presa, ave f rapaz

00:04:18 He can't outrun a cheetah.

outrun [atrn][(pt outran); (pp outrun) ] VT dejar atrs; (fig) exceder, sobrepasar
cheetah [tit] N guepardo m

00:04:21 Nowhere near the strength of a lion.

nowhere near,
not anywhere near prep

(not close to)

bien lejos de loc adv

The bank is nowhere near the library.

El banco est bien lejos de la biblioteca.
nada cerca de loc adv
El banco no est nada cerca de la biblioteca.
lejos de loc adv
El banco est lejos de la biblioteca.
para nada cerca de loc adv
El banco no est en los alrededores de la biblioteca.
en absoluto cerca de loc adv
El banco no est en absoluto cerca de la biblioteca

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00:04:23 Or the bone-crushing jaws of a

hyena.
bone-crushing,
bone crushingadj

figurative (forceful) (figurado)

demoledor adj
fortsimo adj
dursimo ad

jaw [d]
A
N
1
(Anat)[of person] mandbula f; [of animal] quijada f

00:04:27 So he invents.
00:04:29 Tools make me better.
00:04:31 Weapons make me more powerful.
00:04:36 You have to be on two feet.
00:04:42 You have to free up your hands.
free up VT + ADV [+ funds, resources] hacer disponible, liberar [+ staff] dejar libre

00:04:45 And freeing up your hands to work

with tools
00:04:48 changes the game.
00:04:50 And there's no other species on this
planet
00:04:52 that committed to weapon use and
tool use like us.
comprometida con el uso de armas y el uso de
herramientas como nosotros
00:04:59 Man's ability to project power,
La capacidad del hombre para poder proyectar
00:05:01 And if you blow it, you're dead.
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blow it v expr
meter la pata, meter las cuatro

00:05:03 The key to controlling our world.

00:05:10 We'll spend the next 100 millennia
millennium [mlenm]
A
N(pl millenniums or millennia) [mlen] milenio m
the millennium el milenio

00:05:12 Perfecting weapons that kill at a

distance.
00:05:21 There's a window that's closing.
00:05:24 You've got a half a second
00:05:26 and that's the kind of moment
where,
00:05:27 if you can explode and do the right
thing,
00:05:30 you will eat, you'll survive.
00:05:31 And if you blow it, you're dead.
00:06:07 To prepare the kill,
00:06:09 The greatest key to our survival:
00:06:16 At 300 degrees, a spark.
spark [spk]
A
N
1
(from fire, Elec) chispa f

00:06:21 Fire.

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00:06:24 Our planet is the only known place

in the universe
00:06:29 With the right conditions for fire to
burn.
00:06:33 It's the element that makes us who
we are.
00:06:40 Cooking our food gives us a second
stomach,
00:06:42 outside of our body.
00:06:44 Now we begin to digest the fats,
digest
A
[dadest]

00:06:45 the carbohydrates, the proteins

carbohydrate [kb'haIdreIt]

00:06:47 before we chew the food,

00:06:49 making it easier for us to digest it,
00:06:53 which means we get a smaller
stomach,
00:06:54 and therefore, a bigger brain.
00:06:59 Better nutrition boosts the human
brain.
boost [bust]

Una mejor nutricin estimula el cerebro

humano
00:07:03 Over 2 million years, it more than
doubles in size,
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00:07:08 With trillions of connections.

00:07:15 The most complex structure in the
universe,
00:07:19 Letting us think,
let 1[let]
A
VT(pt, pp let)
1
(=allow to)
1.1
(gen) dejar; (more frm) permitir

00:07:21 Communicate
00:07:24 And love.
00:07:29 It could be argued that society,
00:07:32 any kind of society,
00:07:34 began with the cooking of meat over
flame.
00:07:41 But man is not always the hunter.
00:07:59 Fire protects them from other
predators,
00:08:03 But this couple will be lucky to live
to 30.
00:08:15 Their unborn child has only a 50%
chance
unborn [nbn] ADJ no nacido an, nonato

the unborn child el feto

00:08:18 Of surviving to adulthood.
00:08:23 There are, perhaps, only 10,000
humans on the planet,
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00:08:28 Fewer people than are born in a

single hour today.
fewer [fjur] ADJ PRON COMPARof fewmenos
fewer than ten menos de diez

00:08:35 Scattered in small, isolated groups,

scattered [sktd] ADJ disperso

00:08:39 Always on the brink of extinction.

brink [brk] N (lit, fig) borde m
on the brink of sth al borde de algo
to be on the brink of doing sth estar a punto de hacer algo
extinction [kstk$&n] N extincin

00:08:43 But around 70,000 years ago,

00:08:48 A few hundred pioneers wander out
of africa.
pioneer [panr]
A
N (=explorer) explorador(a) m/f, pionero[-a] m/f; (=early settler) colonizador(a) m/f

wander [wndr]
A
N paseo m
(fig)[person] (in speech) divagar

00:08:53 The beginning of an extraordinary

adventure.
00:08:59 Everyone is related
related [rletd] ADJ
1
(=connected)[subject] relacionado,

00:09:00 to those first pioneers

00:09:02 who dared to venture away
dare [dr]
A
N (=challenge) reto m, desafo m
I did it for a dare me retaron, por eso lo hice

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VT
(=challenge) desafiar, retar

00:09:03 out of their homeland and look

beyond.
00:09:08 We are a restless bunch, we
humans.
restless [restls] ADJ
1
(=unsettled)[person] inquieto, intranquilo; [mind] intranquilo
bunch [bnt$] (informal) (=set of people) grupo m, pandilla f

00:09:11 We're always looking over there,

00:09:14 and over there may mean oceans
00:09:16 or mountains or continents away.
00:09:18 This is our hardwiring, our DNA.
00:09:31 Over 50,000 years,
00:09:33 Mankind settles the middle east,
asia, australia and europe.
00:09:41 As we spread out, a slight shift of
the earth's axis
spread out
A
VI + ADV (=disperse)[people] dispersarse; (=extend)[city, liquid] extenderse
axis [kss] N(pl axes) [ksiz]
shift [ m/fIft]
A
N
1
(=change) cambio m

Un ligero desplazamiento del eje de la tierra

00:09:45 Away from the sun cools the planet.
00:09:49 Average temperatures drop up to 14
degrees.

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00:09:58 A third of the planet under ice.

Un tercio del planeta bajo el hielo
00:10:04 Mile-high glaciers advance across
northern asia and europe.
Mile-high Milla de altura
00:10:13 And now hardship makes us who we
are.
hardship [hdp]
A
N (=deprivation) privacin f; (financial) apuro m; (=condition of life) miseria f

00:10:19 Just a few hundred miles from the

glacier wall,
00:10:23 In what will become modern-day
france...
00:10:28 ...A family survives in the harshest
climate
00:10:31 Mankind has known.
00:10:42 Extreme cold is like a living thing,
00:10:45 it sort of sneaks around and finds
you where you're weakest.
00:10:48 It's gonna seep up from the floor,
00:10:49 it's gonna come in from all angles
and just crush you.
00:10:57 We devise new t
echnologies to help keep us alive.

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00:11:02 But our world is as treacherous as

ever.
00:11:17 Nature's perfect killing machine.
00:11:23 35 miles per hour.
00:11:29 Their jaws bite with 1500 lbs of
force per square inch.
00:11:35 Enough to shatter bone.
00:11:44 Wolves are ruthlessly efficient pack
hunters.
00:11:47 Just like us.
00:12:02 In this frozen world, mankind makes
a great leap forward.
00:12:08 Fire turns caves into homes.
00:12:11 We sharpen animal bones into the
first needles,
00:12:18 And make tailored clothes for the
first time.
00:12:25 Clothing for us is fashion,
00:12:27 but for a man in the Ice Age, you
have to keep your skin warm,
00:12:30 you have to maintain a microclimate
against your skin.
00:12:33 And if you don't, you start to fall
apart.
00:12:45 On the walls of the cave,

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00:12:48 The most uniquely human invention

of all.
00:12:51 Images of our lives and our world.
00:12:54 Some of the first works of art.
00:13:00 They're saying, "I lived.
00:13:02 "I have a sense of my own identity. I
am somebody."
00:13:09 That's really the beginning of
humans
00:13:13 moving farther away from our
animal roots
00:13:15 into a new kind of creature.
00:13:17 It might have been the first example
of individuality.
00:13:23 We know we survived that period.
00:13:26 But it's good see tangible physical
evidence of that.
00:13:55 A few wolves have genes that make
them tamer than the rest.
00:14:02 The ancestors of all the dogs alive
today.
00:14:07 The first initial contact was probably
made by wolves
00:14:12 who were looking to exploit a new
food source,

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00:14:14 who were able to stand being near

people long enough
00:14:19 to eat what was being thrown on the
scrap heap behind the cave.
00:14:24 Our ice age enemy becomes man's
best friend.
00:14:36 He can hunt at night, he can hunt by
sound,
00:14:39 he can hunt by smell,
00:14:40 he can hear the reindeer over the
horizon
00:14:43 hours before you'll even become
aware of their presence.
00:14:46 It's an unbeatable combination,
00:14:48 humans and dogs together, nothing
can stop them.
00:15:01 As ice grips the planet, mankind
pushes onward.
00:15:07 Against all odds, we flourish.
00:15:15 Then, the planet starts to warm
again.
00:15:20 By 10,000 bc, the human population
reaches a million.
00:15:31 Snow turns to rain.
00:15:37 Four hundred generations ago, in
the middle east,
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00:15:42 A woman whose name we'll never

know,
00:15:45 Nurtures into life the future of
humanity.
00:15:49 Scientists call her: our farming
mother.
00:15:56 What she invents changes the pace
of the human story,
00:16:01 Gives rise to cities,
00:16:03 New technology, science and
empires.
00:16:08 But also crime, poverty,
disease...and war.
00:16:17 10,000 years ago, in the fertile hills
of the middle east,
00:16:22 An idea gives birth to the world we
live in today.
00:16:34 Ice age snow turns to summer rain.
00:16:42 Earth is the only known planet
00:16:45 Where water exists in liquid form,
00:16:49 Covering more than 70% of the
globe
00:16:53 And essential for life.
00:17:00 While men hunt, women gather wild
grains.

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00:17:06 Nearly half a ton of seeds from one

acre of grass.
00:17:12 Every calorie spent gathering yields
50 in return.
00:17:20 People settle around rich sources of
food,
00:17:24 Now in groups of sixty or more.
00:17:28 And 10,000 years ago, one woman
makes a breakthrough.
00:17:37 The foundation of our modern world.
00:17:43 Discarded seeds take root in the
garbage.
00:17:47 It gives her an idea.
00:17:53 She plants her best seeds in a fertile
patch of land.
00:17:58 Planting the first seed is the first
step towards civilization.
00:18:04 They can take the landscape and
use it to their advantage.
00:18:07 And more of a guarantee
00:18:09 that they and their children will
survive.
00:18:12 She tends the seeds, weeds and
waters them.
00:18:15 The world's first farmer.

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00:18:27 Now, an acre of land can feed 100

times as many people
00:18:32 As hunting and gathering.
00:18:35 Farming is a game-changer, it's the
difference between
00:18:37 there being only a few million
humans on the planet
00:18:40 and there being billions of humans
on the planet.
00:18:46 A new crop conquers the globe:
wheat.
00:18:56 From a single 60-lb bushel, 70
loaves of bread.
00:19:06 By 3000 bc, farming reaches
southern england,
00:19:11 Creating a blueprint for the future:
00:19:19 The village.
00:19:23 Mankind's first settled communities.
00:19:28 And a new figure: the leader.
00:19:35 Smart, outspoken, charismatic.
00:19:43 The first farm animals: pigs, sheep,
goats, cattle.
00:19:52 It's a turning point.
00:19:58 Within a thousand years,

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00:20:00 Most domesticated animals we have

today
00:20:03 Have been tamed for human use.
00:20:10 Taming and breeding other animals
is the key
00:20:13 To the growth of our population.
00:20:20 But farming also opens up a new
battlefront...
00:20:26 ...against mankind's most enduring
enemy:
00:20:31 Disease.
00:20:33 So many of the common diseases we
fear the most,
00:20:36 syphilis, tuberculosis,
00:20:38 smallpox, bubonic plague,
00:20:40 they came because of our living in
proximity with animals.
00:20:46 With hard work and a restricted
diet,
00:20:48 We become less healthy and shorter.
00:20:53 The average man is only 5 foot 3
inches tall,
00:20:57 Women only 5 feet.
00:21:03 And owning land gives birth to a
new enemy:

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00:21:11 Each other.

00:21:13 In the neighboring village, crops
have failed.
00:21:20 I don't know if you've ever been
hungry,
00:21:22 but when you get hungry,
00:21:23 it takes over your mind in an
incredible way.
00:21:26 You start having, you know,
olfactory hallucinations.
00:21:29 You start smelling things that aren't
there.
00:21:31 You can't think of anything else,
00:21:32 you can't talk about anything else.
00:21:34 You'll get together with your friends
00:21:36 and talk for four hours about the
next meal.
00:21:38 Eventually you get to cannibalism.
00:21:40 You'll eat your friends. I mean, it will
take over.
00:22:09 It comes down to yours versus mine.
00:22:14 "That's my land. "I worked hard for
that land.
00:22:17 "I put my time, my effort my energy
into that land.

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00:22:20 "I've learned how to cultivate it

00:22:21 "I've learned how to manage it
through the seasons.
00:22:24 "If you come in here to try and steal
it from me,
00:22:27 "To take it from me, especially
without my consent,
00:22:30 "I have to do something about it, or
I'm dead!"
00:22:36 The birth of warfare.
00:22:56 One in ten skeletons from early
farming folk
00:23:00 Show signs of violence.
00:23:05 A farmer can expect to die
00:23:08 Five years before our huntergatherer ancestors.
00:23:47 With farming life comes another
leap for mankind:
00:23:51 New ways of mourning and the
beginnings of organized religion.
00:24:01 On a plain in southern england,
00:24:05 A monument to those we have lost:
00:24:12 Stonehenge.
00:24:31 Belief in the afterlife

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00:24:34 Inspires some of mankind's greatest

engineering projects.
00:24:46 And at the same time as
stonehenge, 2200 miles away,
00:24:53 Another extraordinary monument to
the dead takes shape.
00:24:59 The greatest building on earth for
another 4,000 years.
00:25:13 On the banks of the river nile in
africa,
00:25:16 Mankind builds one of the first great
civilizations.
00:25:26 Its greatest engineering feat:
00:25:30 A vast pyramid tomb for the
pharaoh khufu,
00:25:35 God-king of egypt.
00:25:46 It's gonna feel that that monument
represents something
00:25:51 that is bigger than human,
00:25:54 it must be built by a God.
00:26:03 The tallest man-made structure for
the next 4,000 years.
00:26:09 35,000 workers.
00:26:12 No iron tools, no wheeled vehicles.
00:26:16 Just soft copper chisels and saws.

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00:26:25 Entire towns built for the workforce.

00:26:31 These aren't slaves.
00:26:33 Many are skilled craftsmen, paid in
grain and beer.
00:26:43 In charge of construction: hemiunu,
00:26:49 Prince of egypt, prime minister,
00:26:52 And one of the first and greatest
engineers
00:26:55 In the story of mankind.
00:27:00 A logistical challenge, made possible
by a single invention,
00:27:06 The key to most of the
achievements of mankind:
00:27:11 Writing.
00:27:13 Imagine that you're trying to
organize
00:27:15 20 to 30,000 men,
00:27:18 the only way to do that is to write
stuff down.
00:27:25 Developed 5,000 years ago in the
middle east,
00:27:29 Writing is an extension of the
human brain.
00:27:33 We can speak to each other over
distance and across time.

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00:27:45 Hemiunu's vision brings together a

workforce never seen before.
00:27:51 You had to quarry move and place a
block
00:27:55 every two to three minutes to
complete that structure
00:27:57 in a 10-hour work day, it's insane!
00:28:04 It takes 20 years and two million
blocks of stone,
00:28:08 Each weighing more than a pickup
truck,
00:28:12 Lifted four hundred feet above the
ground.
00:28:17 Workers organized into competing
gangs.
00:28:24 People are smart,
00:28:26 they understand that we have
competitive natures,
00:28:29 and they separated these people up
into groups and said,
00:28:32 "Okay, you guys drag these stones,
00:28:33 "You guys drag these stones, who
can do it faster?"
00:29:30 In cemeteries around the pyramid,
00:29:32 1 in 5 skeletons of workers shows
evidence
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00:29:35 Of serious injury from accidents.

00:29:54 It takes 20 years and two million
blocks to complete.
00:30:01 Covered in polished limestone.
00:30:04 Capped with gold.
00:30:08 And deep inside, a burial chamber.
00:30:15 The pyramid is a resurrection
machine,
00:30:19 Where the pharaoh khufu will live on
among the gods.
00:30:30 Across the middle east, the first
cities rise,
00:30:38 A revolution in human life.
00:30:44 Kanesh, today in modern turkey.
00:30:49 Part of the rise of the city is so
farmers can live together,
00:30:53 and not just farmers
00:30:55 but the people who make the tools
for the farmers.
00:31:00 The city gives birth to two new keys
to human progress:
00:31:05 Trade and industry.
00:31:09 And a new kind of man: the
entrepreneur.

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00:31:16 Imdi ilum, one of the first traders we

know about
00:31:20 In the story of mankind.
00:31:25 He trades in one of the rarest
00:31:27 And most valuable materials of his
day: tin.
00:31:39 Tin is the key to a new industry.
00:31:46 Added to copper, it produces bronze.
00:31:51 Strong, sharp,
00:31:53 The metal that changes the face of
warfare
00:31:55 For the next 2,000 years.
00:32:03 But tin is one of the ancient world's
rarest metals,
00:32:07 Found in only a few distant places.
00:32:15 Amur is imdi's son.
00:32:21 A partner in his father's business.
00:32:25 On a trade mission that widens the
horizons of mankind.
00:32:32 Hundreds of miles from home, he's
carrying a cargo of tin
00:32:39 Mined in the mountains of iran and
afghanistan.
00:32:50 Here you start to see the rise

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00:32:51 of literally international trade.

00:32:57 Almost 4,000 years ago,
00:32:59 Traders like imdi turn writing into
something new.
00:33:04 They literally make history.
00:33:09 Hundreds of imdi's letters on clay
tablets survive.
00:33:13 In one letter, to a business partner,
00:33:16 He writes about his son:
00:33:18 "Amur is only interested in food and
beer.
00:33:22 "He needs to learn to do what he's
told.
00:33:25 "He needs to become a man."
00:33:28 The great value of the invention of
the act of writing,
00:33:32 was leaving all of us
00:33:34 a track record, a trail,
00:33:37 what we now know as our history as
human beings.
00:33:43 But amur's manhood is about to be
tested.
00:33:57 People would transport the tin
across these vast distances.

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00:34:01 They could make an enormous

return,
00:34:03 but it was extremely risky.
00:34:07 Half a ton of tin that will sell for
100% profit.
00:34:17 But this is bandit country.
00:34:29 Trade and industry are forging new
connections
00:34:32 Across the world.
00:34:34 Amur transports a valuable cargo
through bandit country.
00:34:45 The people who made the world
00:34:47 are the people who were the risk
takers,
00:34:49 the people who didn't play it safe,
00:34:52 the people who can see opportunity
00:34:55 where others see only risk.
00:35:46 Trade opens new frontiers,
00:35:54 Connecting the world like never
before.
00:35:59 You start to see the very beginnings
00:36:01 of the trade and specialization
00:36:03 that Adam Smith would talk about
00:36:05 thousands of years later

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00:36:06 in "The Wealth of Nations",

00:36:08 where different groups have
different abilities.
00:36:11 Right there in bronze,
00:36:13 you start to see the beginnings of
the modern economy.
00:36:18 Traders spread civilization across
the world,
00:36:23 Connecting the middle east to india,
europe and beyond.
00:36:28 But the trade in bronze and the
struggle to control it
00:36:32 Now lead to the birth of modern
warfare.
00:36:36 Megiddo, in modern-day israel.
00:36:45 April 16th, 1457bc.
00:36:54 Egypt's new pharaoh, tutmoses iii.
00:37:00 Young. Ambitious. Untested.
00:37:14 Middle eastern warlords have seized
control
00:37:16 Of the city of megiddo,
00:37:20 The key to the trade networks of the
ancient world.
00:37:29 He's been groomed for this,

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00:37:30 and when he finally becomes

pharaoh,
00:37:32 they challenge him.
00:37:34 When you're looking at Megiddo,
you have to realize
00:37:36 that is the life's blood of that
civilization,
00:37:39 that's the trade routes.
00:37:41 And he's like, "Okay, I'm gonna show
you what I can do."
00:37:56 12,000 troops.
00:38:00 Officers, regiments, platoons.
00:38:05 A new kind of army.
00:38:17 Most are conscripts,
00:38:19 Farmers called up to arms.
00:38:26 But also trained professionals.
00:38:30 Fierce nubian soldiers from modernday sudan.
00:38:35 All await the god-king's orders.
00:38:44 There's nothing like seeing your
leader in the front.
00:38:46 Whether it's a pharaoh or General
Patton,
00:38:50 men seeing their leaders going into
the fray,
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00:38:54 risking their lives,

00:38:56 you just wanna step up and prove to
your boss
00:38:59 you've got what it takes to win.
00:39:15 This is the first recorded battle in
the story of mankind.
00:39:22 "His Majesty issued forth at the
head of his army,
00:39:26 "In a gilded chariot of fine gold
00:39:28 "Adorned with the instruments of
war."
00:39:32 In the bible, megiddo will give its
name to armageddon.
00:39:41 The egyptian chariot with a top
speed of 25 miles per hour.
00:39:54 The chariot is more like a helicopter
gunship.
00:39:59 The chariot archer is the warrior
here.
00:40:02 They ride in, shooting as they go in.
00:40:07 It would be unnerving,
00:40:08 it would be chaotic over an area of
miles,
00:40:11 this great dust cloud of confusion.
00:40:14 That alone must have struck terror

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00:40:17 into the enemy standing there.

00:40:27 into the enemy standing there.
00:40:38 The age of mass warfare has begun.
00:40:51 Mankind's struggle for resources
00:40:54 Creates the world's first great
empires.
00:40:58 Egypt's pharaoh tutmoses iii
00:41:01 Leads an army of twelve thousand
00:41:04 Into battle for control of the city of
megiddo.
00:41:08 He's untested, he's young, he's
inexperienced,
00:41:11 his men really don't know what to
expect from him
00:41:14 so what he has to do is he has to get
out
00:41:16 and lead from the front
00:41:17 and show his men that yeah I am in
charge,
00:41:21 I am the leader, I'm going to set the
example.
00:41:23 Let the first arrow be cast at me.
00:42:27 You would hold your manhood in
question

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00:42:29 if you could not step up like your

god king.
00:42:48 Egyptian scribes record the turning
point.
00:42:56 The enemy...
00:42:57 Fled headlong to megiddo in fear...
00:43:01 and he was able to do it through wit
and bravery and balls
00:43:06 He was able to wipe out
00:43:08 an incredibly powerful coalition of
forces
00:43:23 An egyptian poet records the fate of
the common soldier:
00:43:30 Young men called up for war,
00:43:33 A child snatched from his mother's
bosom.
00:43:37 When he reaches manhood: his
bones, shattered.
00:43:57 The rebel warlords hand over their
children as hostages.
00:44:03 Taken back to egypt,
00:44:05 If the pharaoh's new subjects ever
rebel again,
00:44:09 They will be killed.

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00:44:14 Tutmoses iii expands the egyptian

empire
00:44:17 To its greatest size ever 00:44:21 400,000 square miles.
00:44:26 'I have extended the dominion of
Egypt
00:44:28 as far as the circuit of the sun.'
00:44:35 From a species struggling to
survive,
00:44:38 Mankind has unlocked the keys to
controlling our destiny:
00:44:43 Fire, farming,
00:44:47 Communication,
00:44:49 Building cities, pioneering trade
00:44:53 And the art of war.
00:44:59 One man can now control the lives
of millions.
00:45:20 Man with the power of a god.
00:45:31 But the era of the god-like king is
coming to an end.
00:45:36 A new material dug from the earth's
crust
00:45:40 Will transform our future.
00:45:44 New technologies,

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00:45:47 New people.

00:45:53 And new ideas.
00:45:56 The age of iron.

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