Quiz for Chapter 3 of fluid mechanics (I) 12/13/2011 B ID

__ Name
__
__
1. (A,B,C,D)((1),(2),...)(2% )OX((1),(2))
(3% )( V, , g, z, R, , C, ,)
A. (1) If =0, the shear force is not considered in the Newton 2nd law equation of motion; (2) The above
statement is only valid for the equations of motion along the streamlines but not across the streamlines;
(3) If flow is unsteady, the equation of motion is still true; (4) Bernoullis equation is the Newton 2nd

+ + = , c is const.
law across the streamlines; (5) In terms of pressures, Bernoullis equation is
___________________

B. The effect of compressibility is neglected when (1) density varies less than 2%, (2) Mach number is larger than
/
0.3. (3) Defined the Mach number by __________
where C is the speed of sound.
C. For steady flow of velocity V in streamline coordinates (s, n), (1) across a curved streamline, the cen (3) the
tripetal acceleration is always presented; (2) the acceleration along a streamline is _________;

; (4) the radius of curvature is ______.

acceleration across a streamline is__________

D. (1) Bernoulli constants may change their values along various streamlines, (2) Define the HGL as a line
+ along a streamline, (3) Define the EL as a line above the
by connecting the values of ____________

/
HGL by _________.
=========== =================

2. Within four cases 14 in Fig 1, (s, n) is the streamlined coordinate system as in your text.
2, 4 have nonzero tangential acceleration (as), cases ________
3, 4 have
A. For these four cases, cases ________
1 are not accelerated flows.
nonzero normal acceleration (an) and cases _____
B
C
Case 1

Case 2

Case 3

Case 4

Fig 1 streamlines in 2D steady fluid motion

A
D
Fig 2 streaklines

B. In Fig 2, we saw many streaklines coming from upstream on the left that the flow near point A is of case
___,
1,2,3 ()
1 near point B is of case__,
2 near point C is of case __
4 and near point D is of case __.
Thus, for these four points, the maximum velocity is at point __
C
B and the minimum velocity is at point ___.
steady
C. Why can the streaklines in Fig 2 be streamlines? Because the flow is _______.
3.
Consider a siphoned submerged deeply in a large tank of inviscid fluid. Three
points 1-3 are shown in the figure. Answer the following questions using the
given heights, H, h1, h2, and g, if needed.
_____,
+ P3=________.
0
0
A. (6%) Pressures: P1=________,
P2=___
+ _, V3=________
0
+
B. (6%) Velocities: V1= _______,
V2=_
_____

h1

C. (6%) Elevations: Z1= _______,

Z2=_______,
Z3=_________
H

Z=0

h2

D. (4%) Using above results, write down Bernoullis equation for points 2 and 3:

+ + + + = + + +

4. Give the names in English of three devices installed in the pipe to measure the pressure differences for its
flow rate. (6%)
Orifice meter
Nozzle meter
Venturi tube meter
5. Compare the pressure forces at a point of radius r of the free vortex (with tangential velocity V1) and the
force vortex (with tangential velocity V2). (6%) What equations of motion are applied to these two flows? (3%)

(1) = ;
= (pressure force/volume)

(2) equation of motion

(or Newtons 2nd law across the streamlines)

6. Explain briefly (use all figures shown in this quiz to explain, if possible)
(A) steady flow:
Nothing changes with time at a given location in the flow field

(B) vena contracta:

Any of the contracted parts of minimum cross section of a jet of fluid discharging from an orifice

(C) stagnation point

Is a point in a flow field where the velocity of the fluid is zero

(D) 1D continuity equation between two points of section areas A1, A2 and velocities V1, V2, respectively
=

7. Calculate the pressure p and the pressure force/volume, p/x at B on a ball if the velocity along AB is
V=V0(1+a3/x3)
(1)
= +

= , =

= +

(2)

=
= +

7. Plot the HGL and EL line from the entrance of the pipe along the centerline to its exit if the ratio of section
areas between (2) and (3) is A2/A3=2. (a) What are P3 and V3 as the functions of H and Z3? (b) What are
V2 and P2 as functions of H and Z3?
(a)
z1=H

EL

HGL

=
(b)
=

=
=

8 Water flows around the vertical 2D bend with circular streamlines and constant uniform velocity as shown in
the figure. If the pressure is 40 kPa at point (1), determine the pressures at points (2) and (3), P2=? and P3=?

+
=

+

+
=

Quiz for Chapter 3 of fluid mechanics (I) 11/17/2009 A ID

Name

__

1. Choose those which are correct answers: (multiple choice)

A. For steady flow we mean that the fluid (1) is kept at rest without motion; (2) is inviscid; (3) does not
vary its properties of motion with time; (4) moves along the streamlines.
B. The following statements about Newtons second law of motion are not true. (1) the law is valid both
along and across the streamlines; (2) For an inviscid fluid, only the gravitational and pressure forces
are considered as external forces in Chapter 3; (3) For a compressible fluid, the surface tension force
is another external force in this law ; (4) Across a curved streamline, the centrifugal force must always be considered as the external force.
C. The acceleration of a 2D steady flow of non-viscous liquid has two components? (1) vv/s and v/t;
(2) v2/R and v/t; (3) v2/R and vv/s; (4) v2/R and v2/s. (where s is the length along a streamline, R
is the radius of curvature of a streamline, v is the flow speed and t is the time)
D. The acceleration at a fluid particle in flow motion is as important as the pressure force and the
weight of this particle. (1) sometimes true and sometimes false; (2) false; (3) true.
E. The condition of fluid compressibility not to be considered is (1) V < c; (2) V<0.5 c; (3) V<0.3c; (4)
V<0.1c, (where v is the flow speed and c is the speed of sound).
F. The following statement is true. (1) for a free vortex the pressure increases outward; (2) for a force
vortex the pressure increases outward; (3) both can apply the Bernoulli equation; (4) all are false.
A
3
B 3,4 C
3
D
3
E
3
F 1,2
2. (a)What is the pressure condition at point (2) for a siphoned flow? (b)
what is the pressure and velocity at position (3) ? and, (c) what are the
effects of H on the discharge of siphon?

a) P Pvap
b) V1 0, Z1 h1 h2 , Z 3 0, P1 P3 0
P1

Z1

V12 P3
V2
Z3 3
2g
2g

P3 0, V3 2 g h1 h2

c) no effects
3.Assume the velocity profiles at upstream section (1)-(3) and downstream at (2)-(4) are uniform. Write down the Bernoulli equation between (3) and (4) and use it to calculate the discharge (b=1m, z1=10m,
z2=1m)
P3
V2 P
V2
P1
V2 P
V2
0 3 4 0 4
Z1 1 2 Z 2 2

2g
2g

2g
2g
Z1V1 Z 2V2 Q / b V1 Q / Z1b, V2 Q / Z 2b
Z1 +

Q2
Q2
=
Z
+
2
2 gZ12 b 2
2 gZ 22 b 2

1
1
Q 2 = 2 gb 2 Z 2 Z1 / 2 2
Z1 Z 2

Q =13.35(m3 /s)
4.For steady inviscid flow, the maximum flow velocity V1=5 m/s at the
first floor. What are the maximum velocities V0 and V2?
Pi
V2 P
V2 P
V2 P
V2
Zi i 2 Z 2 2 1 Z1 1 0 Z 0 0

2g
2g
2g
2g
2
2
2
5
V
V
0.8
4 2 2.4 0
2g
2g
2g

V2 = 2 g (0.8 4)+52 = -37.72

Hint: assume a constant head at inlet

V1 = 2 g (0.8+2.4)+52 =9.37(m/s)

where V22 0 no flow

5. Please give the names of following devices (in English) and answer the questions:

(a) pitot-static tube

(b)

sluice gate

(c) venturi tube

1). Device (a) is used to measure velocity . We need to use manometer to connect point 3 and 4 to get
the pressure difference. In terms of your answer by V, & p at upstream with fluid density , the
pressure at point 2 is equal to P V 2 / 2 while the pressure at point 1 is P .
2). Device (b) is used to control the upstream water level and flow discharge in open channel as Problem 3. If it is applied to a reservoir for a very small opening a (< 0.1 z1) and width b, the flow discharge through it = Cc 2gz1 ba (use z1, b, a in your answer).
D
2P
D
2
1

3) Device (c) measures the pressure difference (p) from the gage to get the discharge as
if the specific weight of fluid is . (use D1, p, in your answer)

D4

1 4 1
D2

or

2
2

5. Explain briefly (use all figures shown in this quiz to explain, if possible)
(A) Newtons second law for inviscid fluid motion (using p, , and a to write your vector formula)

P k a

(B) the Bernoulli equation in head form

V2
Z
c along a streamline

2g
P

(C) The tangential acceleration along a streamline (s-coordinate) = V

V
(refer to Problem 1C)
s

V2
(D) The centripetal acceleration across the streamline (n-direction)=
(refer to Prob. 1C)
R
(E) vena contracta

Ex: Fig3

a z2

(F) what are phenomena below?

Answer: cavitation

(G) compare among the points A, B, C

max pressure at B; max deceleration at C ; min velocity at B

2P
D2 4

D14

Quiz for Chapter 3 of fluid mechanics (I) 12/7/2010 A ID

Name
__
1. Circle all items of correct answer(1, 2, ): (multiple choice)
A. (1) The Newton second law is valid only across the streamlines but not along the streamline; (2) For
an inviscid fluid, shear force may be important in the Newton second law; (3) the pressure and gravitational forces are the only external forces considered in Chapter 3.
B. (1) Across a curved streamline, the centripetal acceleration is always presented; (2) Along a streamline, the acceleration is as=v2/R; (3) along a streamline, the acceleration is as=vv/s (steady only)
C. The effect of compressibility is neglected when (1) density varies less than 10%, (2) Mach number is less than
0.3, (3) always valid along a streamline, (4) the pressure variation is less than 2% of ambient ()pressure.
D. (1) Bernoulli constants may change their values along various streamlines, (2) The energy line (EL)
may be lower than hydraulic gradient line (HGL), (3) the HGL line is lower than a pipes elevation when
the gage pressure is negative, (4) Stagnation pressure is the pressure at the point of zero velocity (Chap 3).

2. Within four cases 1-4 in Fig 1, (s, n) is the streamlined coordinate system as used in the text.
B
D
A
Case 1

Case 2

Case 3

Case 4

Fig 1 streamlines in 2D steady fluid motion

Fig 2
A. For these four cases, cases _2, 4___ have tangential components of acceleration (as) and cases ___3, 4_
have normal components of acceleration (an).
In Fig 2, we saw many streaklines coming from upstream show that the flow near point A is of case 1, near
point B is of case 2, near point C is of case 3 and near point D is of case 4. Thus,
B. For these four points, the maximum velocity is at point _B_ and the minimum velocity is at point _D_.
C. Why can the streaklines in fig 2 be streamlines? Because the flow is _steady_.
3.
Siphoned flow of inviscid fluid with entrance submerged deeply in a
large water tank, as shown, has many features () such as
A. at point (1), the gage pressure p1=__0___, the velocity V1=_0__,
and the elevation above the bottom is z1=h1;
B. at point (3), p3= _0__, z3=__h2__, and V3=_(2g(h1+h2))1/2_;
C. at point (2), z2= _H__, V2=_(2g(h1+h2))1/2_, and p2=_(H+h2).
D. what is the restriction () condition for this siphon keeping
flow? P2 > Pvap
4. The devices installed in the pipe are shown in the following Figure:
A. Please identify their names: devices (a)=___orifice____,
(b)=___nozzle____ and (c) =__Venturi tube __.
B. What properties are these devices measured:__pressure___ and
by use of this property we obtain _flowrate or discharge_ finally.
C. Within these devices, device _c__ is the most accurate and device __a_ is the least accurate.
D. The cheapest cost of them is device __a_ while the most expansive one is device __c____.

5.Vortices in a horizontal plane

Vortices (a) and (b) of tangential velocity profiles V(r) are shown on the left.

A. We call (a) as __forced__ vortex and (b) as ___free__ vortex.

B. If the velocity of vortex (a) is V(r)=C1 r, and the velocity of vortex (b)
is V(r)=C2/r, what is the centripetal accelerations of vortex (a) and (b)?
Vortex (a): an= V2/r = C12 r
Vortex (b): an= V2/r = C22 /r3
C. Determine the pressures at radius r=R for both vortices.
Vortex (a): p= C12 R2/2 above the center pressure
Vortex (b): p= C22 /2R2 (negative gage pressure, below the pressure at
infinity)
D. What are the pressure forces at radius r=R for both vortices?
Vortex (a): p/r = C12 R
Vortex (b): p/r = C22 /R3
E. Can we apply the Bernoulli equation along the r-direction? Why?
NO, the streamline is circular. We can apply only the Newtons 2nd law
along the r-direction.

6. Explain briefly (use all figures shown in this quiz to explain, if possible)
(A) steady flow: At a fixed space point (or location), the flow properties (such as velocity, pressure, etc.) do
not vary.
(B) the Bernoulli equation in pressure form: p+ z +V2/2=constant along a streamline
(C) The tangential acceleration along a streamline (s-coordinate) = v v/s
(D) The centripetal acceleration across the streamline (n-direction)= v2/R (where R= radius of curvature)
(E) vena contracta: the contraction of a jet (from a tank) or a nape (from weir)
7. Water flows over a triangular weir of angle in an open channel. If the height is H above the lower point
of this weir, what is the reasonable assumption for averaged velocity over the weir? If the passing area of
water is H2tan(/2), what is the flow rate across the weir?
The average velocity over the weir Vaverage is proportional to (2gH)1/2; the flow rate Q = tan(/2) (2gH5)1/2

.
8 As shown in the figure above, the difference of piezometric heads between points (1) and (2)
(p/+z)= (p1/+z1)- (p2/+z2)=h(1-SG)


Total score : 129
1. 228
2. 2A:4B:4C:210
3. 2A:4B:6C:6D:218
4. 2A:6B:4C:4D:418
5. A:4(2)B:6(3)C:6(3)
D:6(3)E:6(3)28
6. 315
7. 36
8. 6