CoP - HP Waterjetting

CODE OF PRACTICE
FOR THE USE OF

HIGH PDSSURE
AND
ULTRAHIGH PRESSURE
WATER JETTING EQUIPMENT
ISBN- I 874278 02 4
Published by
And 0 Copyright of the Water Jetting Association
I 7 St Judiths Lane, Sawtry, Huntingdonshire, Cambs. PE28 5XE
ISBN 1 874278 02 4
First published 1982 - A5 (Red Cover)
Revised 1992 - A5 (Green Cover)
Amended 1993 - A5 (Blue Cover)
Amended 1995
do.
Amended 1999
do.
Revised and Expanded 2002 - A4 - (Blue Cover)
0 The Water Jetting Association

All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, scanned, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, computerised or otherwise, without prior arrangement with and the
written permission of the publishers.
,
This copyright notice is printed in red ink. If you are in possession of a copy where
these two paragraphs, in italic script, are not printed in red, you are probably in
possession of an illegal copy.
Possession of a copy of this Code does not imply membership of the Water Jetting
Association.
Members of the Water Jetting Association are bound by their membership conditions
and Professional Charter to work according to the requirements of this Code.
A list of member companies may be consulted on the Associations website.
www.waterjetting.org.uk
.
c.
W J A . Code of Practice
High and Ultra High Pressure Water Jetting
INDEX
1.0
Introduction
2.0
Scope
3.0
Training
3.1
3.2
Inductions
Training Course Requirements.
4.0
Experience
5.0
Accidents and Diseases associated with High Pressure Water Jetting
5. I
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
6.0
Personal Protective Equipment
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
Body Protection
Eye / Face Protection
Foot Protection
Hand Protection
Head Protection
Hearing Protection
Respiratory Protection
Working at Height
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) Records
High Pressure Jetting Team: Organisation and Duties

7. I
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
Direct water jet injuries

Falls
Risks from ejected material
Inhalation/Contamination risks from aerosols
Noise risks
General Health considerations
Leptospirosis (Weils Disease)
Supervisor
Team Leader
Lead Operator
Machine Operator
Foot Control Valve Operator
Safety Standby
Additional Operators
One Man or Single Person Operation
Team Composition
Prohibited Areas
W J.A. Code of Practice
9.0
Frost Protection
10.0
Waste Disposal
11.0
High Pressure Water Jetting Units (see also Section 18 - Ultra High Pressure Jetting)
11.1
1 I .2
I 1.2.2
1 1.3
12.0
High Pressure Hose Assemblies

12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
13.0
Adjustable Pressure Control Valve

Automatic Pressure Regulator (Unloader Valve)
Diverter/Selector Valve
Electro-Pneumatic Jetting Guns etc.
Accessories
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
15.0
General Requirements
Maximum Working Pressure and Pressure Testing
Marking and Inspection
Rigid, Semi Rigid and Flexible Lances (Flexilances)
Control Valves
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
14.0
Drive
Pump and Controls
Maximum Working Pressure and Pressure Safety Relief Devices
The Jetting Unit
Jetting Guns (dump types)

Dry Shut-Off Jetting Guns
Foot Control Valves (Dump types)
Foot Control Valves (Dry Shut type)
Nozzles (for use with Jetting Guns)
Nozzles (for use with lances and hoses)
Nozzles (fixed installation)
Surface Preparation Tools
Rotating Hose Pipe Cleaning Rigs
The Safe Use of Water Jetting Equipment

15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
General
Jetting Guns.
Foot Control Valves.
Lances (Rigid or Semi-Rigid) - Manual Control
Lances (Flexible) - Manual Control
Nozzles
High Pressure Hose
Guidelines for High Pressure Hose
Cnpynglit of The Warer Je//rrigAssocrotio

of o copy wliere tliese two setiterices a
red iiik. If ynii ore rri Ixssessrori

Imsessioti of ail illegcrl copy.
11
16.0
Care and Maintenance of Equipment

16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
17.0
General
Water Filtration
Responsibility
Competent Persons
Records
Abrasive Jet Cutting Systems

17. I
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.6
18.0
High and Ultra High Pressure WaterJetting
Additional Hazards and Precautions

Types of Abrasive Feed Systems
Remote Handling Systems
Types of Abrasive
PPE
Site Clearance
Ultra High Pressure Jetting

18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.5
18.6
18.7
18.8
18.9
Scope and definition

Additional Training
Differences between UHP and conventional jetting
Jet Velocity
Energy Comparisons
Risk Assessment
PPE
Water Quality
Additional Mechanical Considerations
APPENDICES:
DAILY SAFETY CHECKLIST
MEDICAL NOTES.
(HIGH PRESSURE WATER JET INJURIES)
ILLUSTRATIONS OF HIGH PRESSURE HOSE END FI7TINGS.
HOSE RE-ENDING REQUIREMENTS.
CONFINED SPACES
(GUIDELINES).
Copyriglit of The Wnter Jetting Associnti

of n copy where these IWO sentences
red ink. If you nre in possession

possession of nn illegnl copy.
1.o
INTRODUCTION and Definitions
1.1
The Water Jetting Association produces and regularly amends this Code of Practice (COP) by
pooling the knowledge and experience of its members, gained over many years working with
all types of Water Jetting Equipment used for an ever increasing range of applications.
1.2
Throughout this COP the use of the word shall indicates a mandatory requirement which
must be met in order to be able to state that a company will comply with the requirements of
the Water Jetting Association Code of Practice. The word mandatory is not meant to imply
any statutory obligations.
I .3
The use of the word should indicates recommended practices to be adopted.
I .4
Throughout this Code, the use of the words man, men, or manning includes and applies
to both male and female operatives. This traditional use of the words is never intended to be
gender-specific or exclusive.
I .5
The Association wishes to record its appreciation and thanks for the considerable help given
and information provided by the Health and Safety Executive.
2.0
SCOPE
2. I
In this Code of Practice (COP) the term High Pressure Water Jetting ( H P ) will be taken to
include all pressures up to 1700 barg.
2.1.1
Equipment operating above this pressure is referred to as Ultrcr High Pressure (UHP)
A separate section is included to cover some of the additional operational requirements
associated with UHP Jetting. (Section 18)

2.2
The term High Pressure Whter Jertirig covers all water jetting processes including those using
additives or abrasives where there is ;in energy input to increase the pressure applied to
water. A separate section is included to cover some of the additional operational
requirements associated with abrasive Jetting work. (Section 17)
2.3
This COP applies to all High Pressure m d Ultra High Pressure Water Jetting
above, where there is a risk of injury.
2.4
This COP is applicable to all High Pressure Water Jetting applications in which hot or cold
water is mechanically/hydraulicallypropelled at pressures up to 1700 barg.
2.5
In the event of an injury involving the injection of water into the body, prompt hospital
treatment must be given, even if the injury appears superficial. The Water Jetting Association
Medical Card or the Operators Photocard provides further details. (See also Appendix 2)
3.0
TRAINING
3.0. I
Manual High Pressure Water Jetting, if not handled competently, is a potentially hazardous
process due to the power of the jet and the proximity of the operator to the jetting equipment.
3.0.2
After provision of suitable equipment, the most important risk-reduction measure is Training.
3.0.3
All personnel required to use this technique must have received the appropriate training and
work in teams where the ratio of experienced to inexperienced operatives never falls below
50 % (see section 4)
3.0.4
All personnel who wish to undertake High Pressure Water Jetting shall be trained to an
appropriate standard such as provided by a WJA approved training organisation.
;IS defined
3.1
Inductions
3.1.1
On large sites, site-specific inductions may be required prior to any work being undertaken.
3.1.2
It is recommended that all personnel working with high pressure jetting equipment on
industriaVpetrochemica1 sites should hold the CCNSG (ClientKontractor National Safety
Group) Safety Passport, and the CSCS (Construction Skills Certification Scheme) card or
endorsement on construction sites.
3.2
Training of Operators
3.2. I
The Water Jetting Association has established minimum basic or mandatory Safety
Awareness Training requirements for operators. Further Training manuals cover additional
aspects and applications of High Pressure Water Jetting.
3.2.2
The Association also administers Systems for the approval of Training Providers and
Instructors who may present Training Courses, leading to Certification and Registration of
operators, based on these manuals.
3.2.3
The Manuals and Courses are subject to regular revision.
3.2.4
Any person involved in the use of High Pressure Water Jetting should have received training
to a standard which as a minimum complies with that provided by the above courses, and is
appropriate to the type of jetting operations undertaken.
3.2.5
The Training provided by these basic courses does not extend into matters of competence, but
ensures a sound level of knowledge and ability to carry out safe working practices as required
by this Code of Practice. Section 4.0 deals with matters of experience and competence.
3.2.6
Training records for all persons who have attended courses and reached a satisfactory standard
in the test must be kept by their employing company and be available for inspection. In order to
comply with this Code and hold a current WJA Training Certificate or Photocard there is a
requirement for Refresher Training at intervals of 36 months.
4.0
EXPERIENCE
4. I
An experienced person (where the term is used within this COP) means an operative who has
been actively involved in the regular use of High Pressure Water Jetting Equipment for at
least I2 months.
4.1.1
Evidence of competence of trained personnel must be held by their employer and be available
for auditkite review where required.
4.1.2
Personnel must have received formal recognised training (such as approved by the WJA),
and be able to demonstrate 12 months relevant experience.
4.2
In any team at least half of the operatives must be experienced. In the case of an odd
numbered team the number of experienced operatives should be rounded up e.g. in a three
man team, two must be experienced.
4.3
The Supervisor must be able to demonstrate knowledge of High Pressure Water Jetting and be
capable of selecting the correct equipment relevant to the task and operating conditions.
4.4
A Team Leader must have at least 12 months active jetting experience and should be trained
in emergency first aid.
5.0
ACCIDENTS AND DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH PRESSURE WATER

JETTING
5.1
Direct water jet injuries
5.1.1. I
The most serious potential accident relates to the direct impact of a water jet on the body. The
pressure required to penetrate the skin is in the order of 7 barg.
5.1. I .2
With working pressures in excess of 2,500barg currently available the potential for serious
injury is clear.
5.1.l.3
Injuries caused by the impact of a water jet may appear insignificant and give little indication
of the extent of the injury beneath the skin.
5.I. 1.4
A small entrance wound and lack of an exit wound does not indicate the extensive disruption
of deeper tissues, which can result from dispersion of kinetic energy after penetration of the
skin by water.
5.1.1.5
Any person injured by the impacUpenetration of a High Pressure Water Jet should seek
expert medical advice immediately.
5.I .2.1
All persons undertaking High Pressure Water Jetting must carry at all times either a
waterproof Medical Card, or the WJA Photocard, which carry the same information.
5.1.2.2
These are available from the Water Jetting Association and are approved by the Employment
Medical Advisory Service (EMAS).
5.I .2.3
The Medical card gives basic details of the medical treatment for water jet injuries and
precautions to be taken to combat the possible effects of the injection of contaminated water
into the body.
5.1.3
More comprehensive advice on dealing with Water Jetting Injuries is given in

Appendix 2.
This information is also available from the WJA website (www.waterjetting.org.uk)
5.I .4
First Aid
5.I .4.1
First Aid administered on site should include the control of bleeding by the application of
pressure over the area of bleeding, and elevation of the injured limb where possible.
5.1.4.2
Arrangements should then be made for the immediate transfer of the patient to a hospital
medical facility.
5.2
Falls
5.2.I . 1
Nozzle reaction forces acting either directly on the operative or the structure from which work
is being carried out are a potential cause of accidents.
5.2.1.2
The reaction force can push the operative backwards causing him to loose his footing and fall.
For this reason no water jetting work shall ever be carried out from a ladder.
5.2.I .3
Scaffolding must be adequately secured to prevent it being pushed over.
5.2.1.4
This is particularly important when using a gimbal mounted gun.
5.2.1.5
If a MEWP (Mobile Elevated Work Platform) is being used the operator should be
anchored to the platform by a short lanyard connected to a full body harness with
associated energy absorber.
5.2.1.6
If scaffolding or a MEWP is not reasonably practicable then Fall Arrest Equipment can
be used providing it includes a full body harness and energy absorber.
5.2.2
The maximum recommended nozzle reaction force for hand-held High Pressure Water
Jetting is 250 Newtons.
5.2.3
Operatives should take regular breaks to recover from fatigue.
5.2.4
The working environment, including any extremes of temperature, will also increase operator
fatigue.
5.3
Risks from ejected material
5.3. I
The exit velocity of water from a nozzle at a pressure of 1000 barg is circa 1600 kms per hour
and it follows therefore that a substantial danger from flying debris must be allowed for.
5.3.2
The operative is to be protected by waterproof clothing, gloves, and face protection. Other
persons may need to be protected by appropriate tenting. (see Section. 6).
5.3.4
Other persons must be kept away from the working area by appropriate signage and if
necessary by the posting of sentries.
5.4
Inhalatiotdcontamination risks from aerosols
5.4.1
When High Pressure Jetting Equipment is used to remove coatings or to clean surfaces that are
contaminated with a hazardous substance or bacterial infection it is possible these may be
entrained in the resulting aerosol.
5.4.2
The nature of the contaminant must be identified by the owner of the plant, who shall provide
the required information on the hazardous substances (e.g. Data Sheet). A COSHH assessment
may be required and if appropriate suitable PPE shall be used.
5.4.3
The operator must be provided with and wear adequate clothing in accordance with the Risk
Assessment for the task.
5.4.4
Special consideration may have to be given to personal hygiene e.g. clothing may need to be
treated as contaminated waste, and operators may need to shower.
5.5
Noise risks
Noise levels will exceed 85dbA in almost all applications and appropriate hearing protection
must be used. In addition to the Jetting Gun operator this consideration will apply to the
second man at the pump who may be exposed to even higher noise levels, depending on the
location of the pump.
5.6
General Health Considerations
5.6. I
Working with High Pressure Water, even in Drains and Sewers, is not considered to present a
serious health risk, especially if good hygiene practices are followed.
5.6.2
Many of the rarer infections with which people could come into contact usually begin with
flu-like symptoms. In reality, operatives are more likely to catch flu than a work related
disease.
Copyrighi of The Warer Jetiiiig Associotiori

of a copy where t1ie.w iivo setiietice.v are
WJ.A. Code of Practice
5.6.3
However with flu-like symptoms the G P should be informed that you have been involved in
working in sewers. This is especially important if there is no outbreak of flu in the general
population.
5.6.4
High Pressure Water Jetting, - especially in Drains and Sewers, - is often physically
demanding. Consideration should be given to having a regular health check-up, especially
later in life.
5.7
Leptospirosis (Weils Disease)
5.7.1
The bacteria that cause this disease may be present in various aninials but is widespread in the
rat population. It is spread by rats urine and found in damp/stagnant places which are not
regularly flushed by water.
5.7.2
I t gains entry to the human body mainly via cuts, but infection can also occur via the mouth,
(to the lungs) and eyes.
5.7.3
The disease is now less prevalent in the water industry due to good hygiene standards.
5.7.4
As the disease is unusual in the general population your G P may diagnose i t as flu. It is
therefore important that operatives show their niedical card to the G P so that he/she is aware
that it could be a more serious condition.
6.0
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT ( or PPE.) (SEE ALSO A DDITIONA L

NOTES IN SECTIONS 17 A N I ) 18 - Abrcisive Cutting, arid UHP Water Jetting)
6.0.1
Adequate personal protective equipment shall be provided in accordance with the Risk
Assessment.
6.0.2
I t must be stressed that normal PPE will not give full protection against high velocity water
jets and the direct impact of a j e t of water with energy levels currently in use is likely to cause
serious injury or death. Various types of PPE are available which will give protection for a
short time against a jet, thereby giving the operator an opportunity to direct the jet away from
himself or to dump the pressure. Consideration of the use of such PPE must be included in
the Risk Assessment.
6.1
Body Protection
All team members must wear waterproof clothing or suitable alternatives relevant to the work
being undertaken. Consideration should bc given to the use of clothing with enhanced
resistance to penetration a n d o r sectional rigid body protection.
6.2
Eymace Protection
6.2. I
Subject to the Specific Task risk Assessment Full Face visors with chin-guard may be
required to be worn by all team members. (See also section 6.5 - Head protection.)
6.2.2
This is likely to require the supply and use of visors made to at least Grade B impact
resistance.
6.3
Foot Protection
6.3.1
Following a Site-Specific Risk Assessment foot protection may be required e.g. Steel toecapped Wellington boots (with steel insteps).
6.3.2
Special boots with metatarsal protection are available and should be worn when undertaking
work that requires directing the water jets towards the floor.
6.4
Hand Protection
6.4.1
Heavy duty waterproof gloves should be used. Special attention should be given to
maintaining gloves in good condition to ensure proper grip and personal hygiene.
6.4.2
Care should be taken to ensure gloves are the correct size. (Wearing gloves that are too large
can jam the trigger mechanism of the gun in the open position).
6.4.3
When carrying out hand controlled Rigid Lancing, waterproof gloves with extra grip may be
specified.
6.5
Head Protection.
Safety helmets (suitable for use with full face visors and chin-guards, if required) must be
worn. (Refer to section 6.2 for Eye/Face protection.)
6.6
Hearing Protection.
6.6. I
Most water jetting produces noise levels in excess of 85 dbA and hearing protection will be
required. In some cases noise levels can be sufficiently high to require the use of ear
defenders, for example when operating in a confined space.
6.7
Respiratory Protection.
6.7. I
The Risk Assessment must consider the possibility that the High Pressure Jetting operation
may generate a water mistherosol that contains harmful material.
6.7.2
A COSHH assessment may be necessary and, if appropriate, respiratory protective equipment

provided.
6.8
Use of harness when working at height. (See also section 5.2)
6.8. I
If a suitable working platform (scaffold, MEWP) cannot be provided due to the nature of the
work then other precautions against injury from falling shall be used e.g. a fall arrest device
together with full body harness and energy absorber.
6.8.2
Operatives shall be trained in the correct use of such equipment.
6.8.3
Working from ladders is prohibited.
6.9
PPE Records
6.9. I
An effective system of maintenance of PPE is essential to make sure that the equipment
continues to provide the degree of protection for which it was designed. As part of this
procedure records of examinations should also be kept. This examination can range from a
general equipment examination covering, for example, the correct provision of gloves to a
more formal six-monthly visual inspection of a full body harness.
7.0
High Pressure Jetting Team: Organisation and Duties
7.1
Supervisor
7.1.1
The operation must be under the direct supervision of a competent and qualified Supervisor
responsible for assessing the particular hazards at the site leading to a safe system of work and
which could include e.g. Method Statements and Task Risk Assessments.
7.1.2
The Supervisor is also responsible for ensuring that any Statutory requirements are identified
on the permit and for verifying compliance with the control measures. (see 3, 3.2 and 4.0)
7.2
Team Leader
7.2.0
The Team Leader must have successfully completed the training requirements (see 3.2) and
obtained the practical experience required (see 4.0).
Responsibilities include:
Selecting suitable equipment and completing all the checks detailed in the Daily
7.2.0.1
Safety Checklist (see APPENDIX 1 )
Ensuring compliance with any requirements of the Job Permit or other site
7.2.0.2
specific documentation.
7.2.0.3
Conducting a team talk prior to starting the task.
Ensuring that all team members clearly understand the means of

7.2.0.4
communication and any signals to be used.
Ensuring that operatives are rotated in their duties to minimise fatigue and assist
7.2.0.5
in gaining experience.
7.2.1
The Team Leader must be able to fill any of the positions described below.
7.3
Lead Operator
7.3.1
The Lead Operator is usually the person immediately in control of the Jetting Gun, Lance plus
Foot Control Valve, or Drain Cleaning Hose.
7.3.2
It is the responsibility of the Lead Operator to signal to the Machine Operator when it is safe
to bring the system up to full power.
7.3.3
However, if the operation requires a senorate Foot Control Valve Operator, because the Lead
a control the lance, the Lead
Operator is unable to operate both the Foot Control Valve &
Operator must signal to the Foot Control Operator when it is safe to bring the system up to
full power.
7.4
Machine Operator
7.4.1
The Machine Operator is responsible for operating the High Pressure Jetting Unit.
7.4.2
In a two-man team the Machine Operator will also be responsible for the Safety Standby
duties.
7.4.3
Special Equipment is available for One Man or Single Person Operation.

This must be used strictly in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.
(See section 7.8)
7.5
Foot Control Valve Operator.
7.5.1
The Foot Control Valve Operator is responsible for operating the Foot Control Valve on
instructions from The Lead Operator.
7.5.2
The Foot Control Valve Operator must have uninterrupted sight and/or communication with
the Lead Operator at all times.
Copyright of 77ie Water Jetting Associiitio

of a copy where these two sentences a
in red ink. Ifyou lire i n ~msse.wioii

illegiil copy.
11 p\ses.sii~i~
of an
I
7.6
Safety Standby. The duties of the Safety Standby include:

7.6.1 Controlling the entry of people into the prohibited area. In the event of an
unauthorised entry into the Prohibited Area (see Section 8) the pressure must be shut off
safely and immediately.
7.6.2 Warning the team of the development of any unsafe situation.
7.6.3 Ensuring equipment is shutdown in an emergency or in the event of unauthorised entry
into the work area.
7.6.4
If a two man team is working, the Machine Operator will undertake the duties of the Safety
Standby.
7.6.5
If the team consists of

duties.
7.7
Additional Operators
7.7. I
Additional operators may be required when Lance work is under way to support the lance and
assist in controlling reaction forces.
7.7.2
They may also be required to assist with handling long hose lengths and in situations where
communication between team members is difficult, e.g. acting as a look out in order to keep
members of the public away from the Jetting area.
7.7.3
Wherever practicable remote shut off devices should be used in preference to multiple line of
sight operations.
7.8
Single Person Operation (One Man Operation)
7.8. I
This is any jetting operation utilising only one person to control both the jetting and the Pump
Unit.
7.8.2
Single Person Operation is permissible in circumstances where, having undertaken a full

assessment of all the risks it can be clearly demonstrated that there is no increase of risk to the
operator and third parties.
7.8.3
Adequate barriers should be provided to prevent persons from entering the work area.
7.8.4
The operator shall be fully familiar with the equipment to be used.
7.8.5
An adequate remote control system with fail-safe provision shall be used to control both the
pump unit and the jetting operation during all Single Person Operation.
than two men the Safety Standby must notbe assigned any other
C o ~ g l iof
t The Water Jetting Associati
of a copy wliere these MO sentence.s
in red ink. Ifyou are in po.~se.~.sirin

possession of an illegal copy.
II
7.9
High and Ultra High Pressitre WaterJetting
TEAM COMPOSITION
A COMPLETE TEAM SHOULD BE PROVIDED IN EACH OF THE

FOLLOWING SITUATIONS
EQUIPMENT IN USE
TEAM NUMBERS/DUTIES
Safety Gun with conventional or rotary nozzle.

Drain/Pipe cleaning.
Machine Operator/Safety Standby ( I )

Safety Gun/Droin Jetting (Lead) Operator ( I )
As above but with Safety Gun Operator

(Lead Operator) out of sight of Machine Operator.
Machine Operator ( I )
Safety Standby ( I )
Safety Gun (Lead) Operator ( I )
Manually Controlled Flexible Lance.

Flexible Lance (Lead) Operator ( I )
As above with Lead Operator out of

sight of the Machine Operator.
Safety Standby
Flexible Lnnce (Lead) Operator ( I )
Manually Controlled Rigid Stainless

Steel Lance.

Rigid Lance Operator (Lead) ( I )
Additional Operators (as required)
As above with Rigid Lance Operator

out of sight of Machine Operator
Safety Standby ( I )
Rigid Lance Operator (Lead) ( I )
Additional Operators (as required)
7.9.1
In some circumstances (See 7.3) an additional Foot Control Valve Operator may be
required.
7.9.2
The decision shall rest with the Supervisor and be noted in the Method Statement and
Risk Assessment.
8.0
PROHIBITED AREAS
8.0. I
Barriers should be erected at ;Idistance of

prevent entry by unauthorised persons.
8.0.2
People must be protected.
8.0.3
Hoses must be protected if outside the taped off area.
8.0.4
Alternatively a suitable protective screen at least 2 nietres high and able to rcsist a high
velocity jet or flying debris, is acceptable at a closer distance if this is assessed ;IS safe by the
Supervisor.
Copynglrl of Tlre Water Jertitig

of a copy wlrere these h V 0
;it
least 10 metres all around the jctting operation to
i r k If)otr are in possession

possessiotr of an illegal copy.
it1 red
W J A . code of Practice
8.1
NO ENTRY signs in accordance with the following wording must be prominently displayed.
Suitable PVC signs are available from the Water Jetting Association
NO UNAUTHORISED ENTRY
HIGH PRESSURE WATER
JETTING IN PROGRESS
8.2
Persons wishing to enter the area must wait outside the barrier until the jetting has stopped
and permission to enter is obtained from the Safety Standby. If unauthorised entry is detected
the pressure should be shut off safely and immediately. Under no circumstances must the
jetting operators be distracted.
9.0
FROST PRECAUTIONS
WARNING: DO NOT START ENGINE OR PRIME MOVER
9.1
If the equipment has been inadvertently allowed to become chilled and any residual water in
the pump or hoses has been frozen, it is essential that the whole system is first thoroughly
thawed, then cautiously flushed without any nozzle or other restriction attached to the high
pressure hose.
9.2
Ice may have been retained in the system. No attempt must be made to force the ice out by
starting the engine or prime mover. Ice can be ejected from the hose at high speed as the
pump is started. These ice bullets can travel for a distance of 20 - 30 metres with
possible lethal consequences.
9.3
During periods when there is a risk of freezing, drain the entire system andor take the
precautions advised by the manufacturer. Alternatively the following procedure may be
followed.
9.4
Remove gun or nozzle from HP Hose.
9.5
Pump water from water break tank until level of water is just above the water filter.
9.6
Add recommended quantity of neat anti-freeze into water tank. Check concentration after
subsequent fills.
9.7
Place High Pressure Hose end into water break tank and secure.
9.8
With unit in recycle mode run the pump until the anti-freeze mix works through the system.
9.9
Shut off engine or prime mover.
9.10
If no break tank is fitted, follow the manufacturers recommendations.
10.0
WASTE DISPOSAL
10.1
Collection and disposal of wastehesidues from the High Pressure Water Jetting process must
be arranged in accordance with the latest environmental protection legislation and other
specific site procedures.
10.2
A Site-Specific COSHH assessment may be required.
I
I
I
I
I
~
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11.0
HIGH PRESSURE JETTING UNITS (Also see Appendix 5 for UHP Equipment)
11.1
Drive.
11.1.1
The drive may be diesel, petrol, gas or electric.
11.1.2
Equipment intended for use in hazardous areas must be fitted with approved safety and shutdown devices appropriate to individual site requirements.
11.1.3
Electric powered equipment and controls must be enclosedinsulated as necessary to meet any
specific individual site safety requirements.
11.1.4
Care should also be taken to ensure that the electrical system is protected frotn the ingress of
water.
11.1.5
All electrically operated High Pressure Water Jetting Units shall be checked daily for external
damage with special emphasis on connections, junction boxes, switches and supply cables.
11.1.6
Correct direction of rotation of the electrical motor should be checked on initial installation
and after every reconnection.
11.2
Pump and Controls.
11.2. I . I
The Pump will typically be a positive displacement piston, plunger, or oil operated diaphragm
design or alternatively a hydraulic intensifier arranged to deliver High Pressure Water to the
outlet connector.
I I .2. I .2
It must be equipped with adequate Inlet Filtration, a Pressure Relief Safety Device and an
Operating Pressure Indicator (Fluid Damped Pressure Gauge or Digital Readout).
1 1.2.1.3
Over pressure relief shall be set at a minitnumlO% above the Maximum Working Pressure of
the lowest rated item in the operating system.
11.2.2
Maximum Working Pressure

All systems and assemblies shall have a safety device which prevents the permissible
pressure from being exceeded by more than 15%.
The permissible pressure is defined as the maximum working pressure of the lowest
rated item or component in the operating system or assembly.
In this context, the following three types of Pressure Relief Safety Devices are
acceptable:
11.2.3
(1)
I I .2.3.1
The bursting pressure will be indicated by the marking or colour which must conform to a
published and well understood explanation.
1 I .2.3.2
The disc must be fitted according to the manufacturers recommendations.
1 I .2.3.3
Replacement of discs which have failed due to over pressure should not be carried out until
the cause of the over pressure has been identified and eliminated.
Bursting or RuDture Disc
IKJ.A. Code of Practice
11.2.4
(2)
11.2.4.1
This type of valve may be designed for manual or automatic resetting.
1 1.2.4.2
The setting of the relief pressure must be tamper proof and the lift pressure and Maximum
Working Pressure recorded on a sealed tag attached to the valve body.
1I .2.4.3
The relief setting shall be checked and reset at predetermined intervals, a new tag fixed to the
valve and a record kept for future reference.
11.2.5
(3)
1 1.2.5.1
This valve functions in a similar way to spring loaded Valves but with a preset air pressure
holding the valve closed against the high pressure water.
11.2.5.2
The mechanism will be a diaphragm or piston.
11.2.5.3
The same requirements for the use of Tags applies as in Section 1 1.2.3.3 above.
Spring Loaded Pressure Relief Valve
Air Operated Safety Relief Valve
ALL SAFETY RELIEF DEVICES MUST BE CAPABLE OF PASSING THE FULL

FLOW OF THE PUMP TO WHICH THEY ARE FITTED WITHOUT SIGNIFICANT
PRESSURE RISE.
11.3
The Jetting Unit
11.3.1
This may be trailer mounted, vehicle or skid mounted and enclosed by an acoustic canopy as
appropriate.
11.3.2
The Drive and Pump may be mounted within the Jetting Unit and it may incorporate all
controls, instruments and gauges plus hose and accessory storage as required to meet the
intended duty.
12.0
HIGH PRESSURE HOSE ASSEMBLIES
12.1
General Requirements
12.1.1
High Pressure Hose and fitting manufacturers must be accredited in accordance with
I S 0 9000.
12.1.2
Compatibility between hose and end fitting is essential.
12.1.3
All assemblies must only be manufactured by the hose manufacturer or their authorised
distributors.
12.1.4
(See also Appendix 4 - Hose Re-ending)
12.2
MAXIMUM WORKING PRESSURE AND TEST PRESSURE

THE MAXIMUM WORKING PRESSURES OF HIGH PRESSURE HOSE
ASSEMBLIES SHALL ALLOW A SAFETY FACTOR OF 2.5 to 1 IN RELATION TO
THE MINIMUM BURST PRESSURE.
TEST PRESSURE FOR HIGH PRESSURE HOSE ASSEMBLIES SHALL BE
1.5 TIMES MAXIMUM WORKING PRESSURE.
12.3
Marking and Inspection
12.3.1
ALL HIGH PRESSURE HOSE SHALL HAVE THE FOLLOWING: A unique reference
number stamped or engraved onto the fitting from which the following information can be
obtained for each assembly:
0
The maximum working pressure.
0
Date of manufacture.
0
Name of manufacturer.
0
Traceability.
12.3.2
A certificate of conformity shall be provided for audit when required for each assembly
showing the:
Manufacturers/assemblers name.
0
Test date.
0
Test Pressure.
Unique reference number.
Note: Frequency of inspection of hoses and hose assemblies must be at least on a daily basis.
12.4
RIGID, SEMI-RIGID AND FLEXIBLE LANCES
12.4.1
Rigid or Semi-Rigid Lances may have nozzles fitted to them with any combination of forward,
backward, angled, fixed or rotary jets.
12.4.2
There is no industry standard for Flexilances and in general they must comply with the requirements set out in 12.1 to 12.3 above.
12.4.3
They are provided for use manually or in conjunction with a Powered Lance handling device
(such as the FreelanceTM)
12.4.4
Nozzles for use with Flexilances may be conventional or of the rotary type and must have more
rearward than forward facing nozzles.
12.4.5
Lances (powered - rigid and flexible)
12.4.5. I
These are mechanical devices which control the movement of rigid or flexible lances and
which offer increased operator safety. Typical examples are PowerlanceTM(rigid) or
FreelanceTM(flexible)
12.4.5.2
This equipment must be used in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.
12.4.6
Rigid and flexible lanceshozzles designed for use in a powered system shall never be
operated manually.
3.0
CONTROL VALVES
3.1
Adjustable Pressure Control Valve
3.1.1
This valve is designed to dump to atmosphere or recycle excess water from a high pressure
pump that would otherwise cause overpressure with a given nozzle and or engine speed.
3.1.2
Spring loaded versions are manually controlled. Pneumatic control is also available which
allows for applications that require remote control.
N.B. THIS VALVE DOES NOT UNLOAD THE SYSTEM.
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I m m s i o n o j an illegul copy.
11
13.2
Automatic Unloader Valve
13.2.1
This device limits the pressure at which the pump operates by releasing a preset proportion of
the generated flow back to the pump suction chamber or to waste.
13.2.2
It should be used to regulate the water pressure from the pump and can be individually set for
each operation. N.B. This device may be integral with the pump assembly.
13.2.3
This type of device maintains residual high pressure water between the unloading valve and
the jetting gun. The jetting gun must be activated immediately after the high pressure jetting
unit is switched off to release the residual pressure.
13.2.4
All High Pressure Water Jetting Units and Pressure Washers used with a Dry Shut Jetting Gun
must be fitted with an Unloader Valve.
13.2.5
When this valve is used in systems with a maximum working pressure exceeding 210 barg a
Safety Relief Device must also be fitted. In these cases the unloader valve set working pressure
must not exceed 90% of the Safety Relief Device setting.
13.2.6
This type of valve is widely fitted to Pressure Washers in which application it also fulfils the
function of the Safety Relief Device.
13.3
Diverter/Selector Valve
13.3.I
This is a three port valve mounted on the High Pressure Jetting Unit which will,
by manual or remote control, divert the flow from the high pressure outlet to recycle via the
header tank and allow system pressure to drop to zero.
13.4
Electro Pneumatic Jetting Gun Controls
13.4.1
This system enables the Gun Operator to control the power supplied to his Jetting Gun by
means of a low voltage cable or pneumatic line to the jetting unit.
13.4.2
On depressing the trigger the pump unit is brought on load and the engine speed controlled by
a pre set electro pneumatic/mechanical control or computer controlled throttle.
13.4.3
There must be no significant delay between release of the trigger and system pressure dropping
to zero.
13.4.4
It is recommended that armoured cable should be used in these operations.
14.0
ACCESSORIES
14.0.1
There is a very wide range of accessories available and reference should be made to manufacturers literature to select the appropriate equipment for the application.
14.0.2
Care must be taken if the accessory selected has a lower working pressure than the Jetting Unit
with which it is to be used.
14.0.3
In this case the Pressure Relief Safety Device must be reset to the maximum working pressure
of the accessory by a competent person.
14.0.4
If this is not possible an alternative Safety Relief Device with the correct operating range must
be fitted.
14.0.5
NB. It is recommended that a traceability procedure similar to that for High Pressure
Hoses be used for all accessories. (See section 12.1)
- GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
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14.1
DUMP TYPE JETTING GUNS
14.1.1
These have a three-port valve assembly with one inlet and twooutlet ports.
14.1.2
One of the outlet ports will be fitted with a high-pressure barrel the other will be a lowpressure dump outlet, which may be fitted with a diffuser.
14.1.3
The Jetting Gun will be controlled by a trigger, which must require minimum effort to operate.
14.1.4
A trigger guard shall be provided and a lock-off device fitted to avoid accidental operation.
14.1.5
An adjustable shoulder stock and side handle may be fitted to assist the control of nozzle
reaction forces.
14.2
DRY SHUT-OFF JETTING GUNS
14.2.1
These have a two-port valve assembly with one inlet and one outlet port.
14.2.2
The outlet port will be fitted with a high-pressure barrel. Other features are as for the Dump
Gun.
14.2.4
When the pump is switched off, care must be taken to release system pressure between
pump and Safety Gun by depressing the trigger.
14.2.5
N.B. Some Guns incorporate an electric or electro pneumatic switch which operates an
unloader/diverter valve on the pump unit to provide zero flow through the gun on release of the
trigger.
14.3
DUMP TYPE FOOT CONTROL VALVES
14.3.1
These are a three-port valve assembly with one inlet port and
14.3.2
One of the outlet ports will be arranged to supply high-pressure water to the required
accessory, the other will be a low-pressure dump outlet.
14.3.4
Control will be by a foot pedal, this should require minimum effort to depress and must be
shielded against accidental operation by an adequate shield.
14.3.5
The assembly must be mounted in a frame capable of providing stability during operation.
14.3.6
When a hose is fitted to the dump port this must be secured to prevent hose whip when the foot
pedal is released.
14.4
DRY SHUT TYPE FOOT CONTROL VALVES
14.4.1
These are a two port valve assembly with one inlet and one outlet port
14.4.2
Other features are as for the Dump type of Foot Control valve.
14.5
NOZZLES FOR USE WITH JETTING GUNS
14.5.0.1
The nozzle is fitted to the Guns high pressure barrel.
14.5.0.2
The function of a water jetting nozzle is to convert the latent energy (i.e. high pressure) into
kinetic energy (i.e. high velocity). There are two types or groups of nozzle.
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of o copy where these two seiitences
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If you ure in pmsessioii

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it
WIJ.A. Code of Practice
14.5.1
The conventional or fixed orifice nozzle (forward facing) provides a wide range of jet
configurations from virtually 0' pencil jets to wide-angle fan jets.
14.5.2
Rotarv/orbiting nozzles range in type from the single orbiting jet to multi orifice rotary
assemblies.
14.5.3
Nozzle size must be selected with regard to the maximum operating pressure of the system and
the nozzle reaction force likely to be generated.
14.5.3
Note: Rotary nozzles may be self rotating or powered by air or by a hydraulic motor.
14.5.4
Nozzle material will be as supplied by various manufacturers and shall be certified for the
pressure to be used.
14.5.5
Where ceramic or sapphire inserts are used they must be fitted according to the manufacturers
instructions.
14.5.6
SPECIAL SAFETY NOTE

Rotary Nozzles are known to suffer stoppages of the rotary function due to a build up
of debris.
14.5.7
NO ATTEMPT MUST BE MADE TO CLEAN THESE OR ANY OTHER NOZZLE

UNTIL THE JETTING UNIT IS SWITCHED OFF AND THE PRESSURE STORED IN
THE SYSTEM RELEASED.
14.6
NOZZLES FOR USE WITH LANCES AND HOSE
14.6.I
These are primarily intended for tube, pipe and drain cleaning/descaling these are available as
fixed or rotating versions.
14.6.2
The Jet configuration must be carefully selected in relation to the duty required and operating
safety.
14.6.3
When using nozzles with forward facing jets care must be taken to ensure there is always a
greater power exerted by the rear facing jets.
14.7
Nozzles (fixed installations)
14.7.I
Generally used for internal cleaning/descaling of process containers and storage and
transportation tanks.
14.7.2
As there is the potential for this equipment to be operating for long periods with minimum
staff levels, special care must be exercised in routing of hoses, the erection of barriers and
danger signs.
14.8
Surface Preparation Tools
14.8.1
These may be conventional rotary nozzles as fitted to the Gun or alternatively special purpose
devices for coating removal prior to recoating or undertaking NDT.
14.8.2
They may be hand operated or powered, mounted on a hydraulic arm or remotely controlled.
14.8.3
Consideration should be given to using these tools in conjunction with a vacuum recovery
system.
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14.9
Rotating Hose Assemblies, Pipe Cleaning Rigs
14.9. I
These are specially designed assemblies or equipment (used i n the cleaning / clescaling of
pipes) in which the entire hose assembly is rotated and powered into the pipe which requires
cleaning.
14.9.2
This equipment is designed for use with high power pumps and must only be used by
specially trained personnel.
15.0
THE SAFE USE OF HIGH PRESSURE WATER JETTING EQUIPMENT
15.1.1
Training
All staff involved in using the equipment must be trained and have achieved a level of
experience appropriate to their allocated duties.
15.1.2
Water quality
15.1.2.1
Water to be used for High Pressure Water Jetting should be of potable quality and free of
suspended solids.
15. I .2.2
If this is not available those responsible for the water supply must provide data relating to the
water quality and a COSHH assessment if this is indicated.
15.1.3
COUPLINGS AND CONNECTORS
15.1.3.1
THREADED COUPLINGS, CONNECTORS AND ADAPTORS SHALL HAVE

COMMON THREADS AND MUST BE SUITABLE FOR THE WORKING
PRESSURES TO BE USED.
15.1.3.2
THIS MUST BE TAKEN INro ACCOUNT WHEN SETTING THE MAXIMUM

WORKING PRESSURE FOR THE ENTIRE ASSEMBLY.
15.1.4
Safety Check, Team Talk, Risk Assessment
15. I.4.1
Prior to the commencement of work, the Team Leader must complete a Daily Safety Check.
15. I.4.2
The team leader must also review the Task Risk Assessment at the job site with all
members of the team (Conduct a Team Talk) (See also Appendix I)
15.1.5
Signals
If the operation requires hand signals to be used these must be agreed and understood by all
team members before work starts.
15.2
JETTING GUNS
15.2.1
The high pressure barrel of the Jetting Gun should be a minimum of I metre long for standard
applications.
15.2.2
In cases where short barrels need to be used, this may require additionid training and must be
covered in the Method Statement /Task Risk Assessment.
15.2.3
The maximum recommended nozzle reaction force for hand held Jetting Guns is 250
Newtons. If the power in use means this figure will be exceeded additional support should be
provided.
15.2.4
This may be in the form of a gimbal or some other structure or carriage but must not in itself
create a hazard.
15.2.5
The trigger mechanism is vulnerable to ingress of diddebris and must be cleaned at frequent
intervals.
15.2.6
If a shoulder stock or side handle is fitted this must be adjusted to give the most comfortable
position for the operator.
15.2.7
THE TRIGGER MECHANISM MUST NEVER BE LOCKED OR WEDGED IN THE

ON POSITION.
15.3
USE OF FOOT CONTROL VALVES
15.3.1
When a Foot Control Valve Operator is required he will normally take instruction from the
Lead Operator.
15.3.2
See also section 14.3 and 14.4
15.4
LANCES (RIGID /SEMI RIGID) MANUAL CONTROL
15.4.I
The use of manual controlled Rigid Lances is most common in descaling Tube Bundles in
which some or all the tubes are blocked.
15.4.2
The length of a Rigid / Semi-Rigid or combination of Lances shall be such that the operator/s
can maintain control at all times.
15.4.3
When any lance is in use the nozzle must be safely positioned within the work piece, and
the operator suitably protected from the high-pressure water jets, prior to pressurisation of the
system.
15.4.4
Due to the foreseeable possibility of a lance being ejected/thrust from a tube at high speed (by
the hydraulic reaction of the lance within the tube) provision must be made to alert the operator
to, and protect the operator against, this event. The Foot Control Valve Operator must be
ready to react and immediately release pressure.
15.5
LANCES (FLEXIBLE) MANUAL CONTROL
15.5.1
Flexible Lances are used for tube cleaning applications in which restricted access prevents the
use of Rigid lances or the type of cleaning is more suited to this equipment.
15.5.2
Due to its characteristics it is not possible to push the Flexilance against nozzle reaction forces
and nozzle selection must reflect this, nozzles always having more backward than forward
facing jets.
15.5.3
Where operating space allows it is recommended that a suitable length of rigid stainless steel
leader (Lance Stinger) should be used between the Flexilance and the nozzle to assist handling.
15.5.4
In the event that the nozzle becomes detached from a Flexilance, the Flexilance will be
thrust from the tube at high speed and the Foot Control Valve Operator must be ready to
react and immediately release pressure.
15.5.5
There is a Whiplash danger under these circumstances and a Lance Guard must be
used where practicable.
Copyright of The Water Jetting

of a copy where these two
High and Ullra High Pressure Waler Jetting
15.6
NOZZLES
15.6.1
Correct Nozzle selection is critical in achieving a good performance from High and UHP
Jetting Equipment.
15.6. I . 1
They must always be fitted correctly without any leaks using the correct spanner.
15.6.1.2
Wrenches or spanners with serrated teeth, e.g. 'Stillson' type wrenches, must never be used.
15.6.2
Apart from establishing damage, visual inspection of nozzles themselves is less valuable in
monitoring wear than noting the Jet pattern and working pressure.
15.6.3
A deteriorating jet pattern and /or a fall in the working pressure are the main indications of
nozzle wear, in the case of conventional nozzles.
(This is not a safety hazard but it is recommended that replacements are made when pressure
loss exceeds 10% of original or the jet pattern is no longer producing the required results.)
15.6.4
Rotary Nozzles, especially the free spinning versions in which the rotor containing the
nozzle inserus spins on a fixed shaft, should be inspected for wear daily. If any Shaft wear
is apparent the assembly must be replaced.
(The manufacturer's guidelines for measuring wear must be followed)
15.6.5
NB. A drop in operating pressure may indicate shaft wear, in this case work must cease
and the cause of the fall in pressure must be ascertained and rectified before work
restarts.
15.7
HIGH PRESSURE HOSE

Supervisors and Team Leaders must understand the implications of pressure losses in hose and
be aware of the precautions to be taken when using additional lengths of small diameter hose.
15.8
Guidelines for the use of High Pressure Hose
15.8.1.
Great care must be exercised in the selection, use and routine inspection of High Pressure
Hoses.
15.8. I . I
They should be inspected at each shift change or daily as a minimum.
15.8. I .2
High Pressure Hoses must be removed from service if any wire braid is broken or heavily corroded, end fittings damaged, worn or heavily corroded, or kinked sufficiently to damage inner
lining or braid.
15.8.1.3
Special attention must be given to the condition of the hose immediately adjacent to end fittings.
If the hose is kinked or damaged at this point it must be removcd from scrvice.
15.8.1.4
Hoses should not be laid across roadways. If this is unavoidable, suitable hose ramps must be
used, permission obtained from the appropriate authorities and warning notices displayed.
15.8. I .5
If a length of hose is accidentally crushed, for example by a forklift truck wheel, that length of
hose must be taken out of service immediately.
15.8.2
Any damage that results in a hose being withdrawn from service must be reported to the
Supervisor who should arrange examination by a competent person who may report on the
course of action advised.
15.8.3
Records should be kept of the work done and the hose should be retested before being
returned to service.
15.8.4
Hoses should be routed away from pedestrian walkways. Where this is not possible some
form of shield may be considered.
15.8.5
Hoses must be secured at intervals along their length when accessing high buildings
or structures.
15.8.6
Hose covershheaths may be used as added protection in certain situations.
15.8.7
Hose restraining devices of the correct rating should be used as protection

against coupling failure.
15.8.8
Hose Feed Guides should be used to reduce the risk of damage to hoses when
cleaning pipes or drains.
15.8.9
If a leak develops in a hose coupling work shall cease until the problem is rectified.
15.8.10
Hose connectors must never be tightened whilst the equipment is pressurised or the
power unit running
15.8. I I
Hose couplings must never be over tightened.
15.8.12
Tools with serrated gripping jaws can cause damage and must not be used.
15.8.13
Care must be taken never to bend a hose beyond the minimum specified bend radius and protection must be provided when any hose is laid across sharp edges etc.
15.8.14
A hose reduces in length when pressurised. Due allowance must be made for this in all
applications.
15.8. I5
This shortening of the effective length of the hose may damage the couplings, connectors and
hose.
16.0
CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF EQUIPMENT
16.1
General
16.1.1
Regular care and maintenance is essential for the Jetting Unit and Ancillary Equipment.
16.1.2
This must be carried out in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.
16.1.3
Work done should be recorded / certificated.
16.2
Water Filtration
16.2.I
Water filtration is a very important factor in the safe and reliable operation of all High Pressure
Water Jetting Equipment.
16.2.2
This increases in criticality when Ultra High Pressures are used. (See Section IS)
16.2.3
Failure to maintain filtration systems correctly is likely to create cavitation within the system and
the possibility of serious damage.
THE EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS INSTRUCTIONS MUST BE FOLLOWED
REGARDING WATER SUPPLY AND FILTRATION.
Responsibility
16.3
The Maintenance of High Pressure Water Jetting Equipment can be divided into three categories:
(1)
16.3.1
Routine maintenance
Trained Jetting Operators may be authorised to carry out these tasks in accordance with the
manufacturers instructions.
16.3.2
(2)
Servicing and Repair of equipment. This work must only be carried out by suitably
qualified personnel.
16.3.3
(3)
Inspection and Testing of Pressure Jetting Equipment and associated Safety

Relief Valves. This work must only be carried out by suitably qualified personnel.
16.4
Competent Persons
Records must be kept of persons competent to carry out work on High Pressure Water Jetting
Equipment.
These must include: details of courses attended and qualifications obtained.
Only such persons must carry
O U L the
following work:
DESCRIPTION
16.5
FREQUENCY
Servicing of all components making up the High

Pressure Jetting Unit.
This must be carried out iiccording to the

Manufacturer's recommendations.
Pressure Relief Valve inspection, maintenance and

resetting.
6 Monthly or at Pre-Delivery Inspections
Pressure ControlKJnloader Valves servicing.
Safety Guns and Foot Operated Control

Valves.
Rotary Nozzle Assemblies (All types)
Inspectionheplacement of all fluid retaining

components including connectors and couplings.
Records must be kept of all maintenance and repair work carried out, these must show:
0
0
The name of the person who carried out the work.

Date work done.
Details of work done or repairs carried out.
Components replaced and the reasons.
Items inspected.
Condition of items inspected.
Next service due date.
Copyright of Tire Water /e
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17.0
ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
HIGH PRESSURE ABRASIVE JET CUTTING (COLD CUTTING)
17.1
Additional Hazards and Precautions to be taken.
Abrasive Jet Cutting techniques may be used for cutting most materials and composites and are
suitable for use in areas where conventional cutting equipment would be unacceptable due to the
risk of sparks.
Consideration must be given to the following requirementshazards not found in conventional
water jetting.
17.1.1
Operators must be specially trained in the use of the equipment.
17.1.2
Protection must be provided for components or structures within range of the cutting jet and
ricochet of abrasive particles.
17.1.3
Changes in the structural integrity of the itendstructure being cut must be assessed and suitable
supports provided where necessary. This must include the safe retentionhandling of cut items as
the process continues.
17. I .4
Equipment must be positioned to allow for the safe manual or mechanical handling of abrasive.
17.1.5
Account must be taken of the increased loads likely to be imposed on the structure being cut, by
the retained waterhbrasive mix.
17.1.6
Remote control nozzle handling systems should be used where practical.

(see section 17.3)
17.1.7
The equipment must be earthed to meet site requirements.
17.1.8
COSHH assessments on the abrasive used and the resulting debris may be required
17.2
Types of Abrasive Feed Systems

Venturi injection
Direct injection
17.2.1.
Venturi Injection
17.2.1. I
This comprises a mixing head and nozzle assembly, abrasive supply hose and an abrasive
container usually known as a hopper.
17.2. I .2
The abrasive may be dry or in slurry form.
17.2. I .3
High-pressure water passes through a nozzle mounted in the mixing head behind the cutting
nozzle.
17.2.1.4
This draws abrasive into the mixing head and accelerates this through the cutting nozzle to
produce a high velocity stream of water and abrasive.
17.2. I .s
Operating pressure in the UHP range may be utilised with this type of system providing
suitably rated components are used.
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17.2.2
Direct Injection
17.2.2.1
The Direct Injection method provides for the water and abrasive to be carried to the cutting
head in a single hose under pressure.
17.2.2.2
Abrasive is introduced to the system through a hopper. This must be fitted with a fine screen
to prevent foreign material entering the process.
17.2.2.3
A diaphragm pump transports abrasive from the hopper into the pressure vessel through a
system of interlinked valves.
17.2.2.4
Water and abrasive is mixed together in a pressure vessel, pressure being supplied by a high
pressure pump. The water and abrasive mix is transported at low velocity via control valves to
the nozzle that generates a high velocity stream of waterhbrasive.
17.2.2.5
Cutting systems normally incorporate two pressure vessels, one working while the other is
recharging with abrasive.
17.3
Remote Handling Systems
17.3.I
These systems normally consists of hydraulic powered rotary and linear drives and incorporate
a nozzle carrier mounted on a track or rotating device.
17.3.2
These must be held securely in position by magnets, ratchet straps, clamps or other approved
device.
17.3.3
The nozzle carrier is adjustable for angle of cut and stand off distance.
17.4
'Qpes of Abrasive Material
17.4.1
Many grades of abrasive are suitable for Abrasive Jet Cutting depending on the application
and the type of process in use but attention must be given to the following factors.
17.4.2
Uniform particle size and freedom from foreign material must be achieved in order to
minimise or prevent system blockages.
17.4.3
When using Venturi Systems at High and Ultra High Pressure care must be taken in selection
of sufficiently fine grades of material to avoid blockages and excessive wear.
17.4.4
Materials containing free silica must not be used.
17.5
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Standard PPE as used for High Pressure Water Jetting may be used but special care is required
in the cleaning and maintenance of equipment due to the presence of abrasive in the
operating area.
17.6
SITE CLEARANCE
17.6.1
Abrasive and other residues may contain toxic or noxious substances resulting from the
cutting process.
17.6.2
Due care must be exercised in the disposal of these residues in accordance with the local
environmental requirements.
18.0
ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
ULTRA HIGH PRESSURE WATER JETTING (UHP)
18.1
The term Ultra High Pressure Jetting, or U.H.P.
18.1.1
Throughout this Code the term UHP applies to all Jetting carried out at pressures above 1700
barg. (See Section 2 of this Code)
18.1.2
The growing availability and use of UHP Water Jetting Equipment, especially for surface
preparation, means that many more operators will be required to work with pressures in excess of
I700 barg than has previously been the case.
18.2
Additional training and experience.
18.2.1
It is therefore very important to stress the need for adequate additional training.
18.2.2
Inexperienced Operators should also always be deployed with fully experienced Team Leaders
in order to avoid the risk of injury.
18.3
Differences between UHP and conventional High Pressure Jetting.
18.3. I
There are a number of differences between conventional High Pressure and Ultra High
Pressure Water Jetting. The most important of these are listed below.
18.3.2
Water flow in UHP systems is generally lower than in conventional HP systems and the
nozzle reaction force is not as high, even though the energy released is much greater.
18.3.3
Jetting Guns can therefore feel easier to control but this should not be allowed to generate
complacency regarding the perceived decrease in risk.
18.4
The Jet Velocity of a 2500 barg UHP system is in excess of 2,400 Kilometres per hour.
18.5
ENERGY COMPARISONS
The energy available from a conventional 100 horsepower (or 76 kilowatt) unit
working at 350 barg is approximately
6 kilowatts
per square millimetre.
The energy available from a similar power unit

working at 2500 barg is approximately
117 kilowatts
per square millimetre.
THE UHP UNIT THEREFORE HAS AN OUTPUT OF ENERGY APPROXIMATELY
18 TIMES GREATER
THAN THE CONVENTIONAL UNIT.
18.6
Risk Assessments must take this factor into account.
18.6.1
The Risk Assessment should also consider whether the entire task, or parts of it, can be automated
or whether robotic processes can be utilised
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18.7
Personal Protective Equipment

Special PPE is available including boots with improved metatarsal protection. Clothing with
enhanced penetration resistance andor sectional rigid body protection should also be
considered.
18.7.1
It is important to note that whilst these items offer some improved protection, especially when
using multi orifice rotary nozzles, they offer less protection against water jets from single
orifice nozzles.
18.8
Water Quality
The filtration of water is critical for the reliable operation of UHP systems and the manufacturers
instructions must be carefully followed.
18.9
Additional Mechanical Considerations
18.9.1
The pressures involved in UHP systems require the use of gland fittings (autoclaves) or
equivalent fittings for fluid connectors and hose couplings.
18.9.2
Special care must be taken to protect these and to ensure that no dirt enters the system during
coupling/uncoupling operations.
18.9.3
Hose restraints should be used to reduce the risk of whiplash injury. When in use they must be
fitted according to the manufacturers instructions.
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11
APPENDIX 1 (PI of 1)
TYPICAL DAILY SAFETY CHECK LIST
PERSONNEL
1 . Are all Team Members trained and correctly certificated?
2. Are new or additional operators deployed safely?
3. Are all the required Permits and Authorisations FOR THIS JOB signed?
4. Do all Team Members understand the Task Risk Assessment?
5. Are the Team wearing the correct PPE?
6. Is there a direct sight line between the Lead Operator and the Foot Control Valve Operator?
JETTING UNIT/ SERVICES
I . Have all routine equipment checks on the Jetting Unit been carried out.
2. Is the Safety Relief Valve set correctly relevant to the equipment to be used?
3. Is the water filter clean and fitted correctly?
4. Are the Stop/Shutdown Controls working correctly?
5. If shut down valves (Chalwyn Valves) and Spark Arrestors are required, are they fitted
and in good condition?
6. Is the Earth Wire connected and continuity confirmed?
7. Is the unit roadworthy (where trailer mounted)?
Tyres- Coupling/Hitch - Controls - Lights - Brakes - Battery - Chassis8. Is water supply from an approved source?
9. Are water supply hoses without leaks and correctly protected from damage?
ACCESSORIES / HOSES / FLEXILANCES /RIGID LANCES
I . Are HP hoses suitable for the application and certificated?
2. Have they been inspected for damage and approved fit for use?
3. If special safety devices are to be used, are all team members competent in their use?
4. Have Flexilances and/or Rigid Lances been inspected and approved fit for use?
5. Safety Gun checked and suitable for application?
6. Safety Foot Control Valve checked and suitable for application?
NOZZLES
1 . Is the nozzle in use as specified in the Procedure / Method Statement?
2. Is the nozzle undamaged clean and all orifices free from obstruction?
3. If using Rotary Nozzles, have they been inspected for wear as per manufacturers instructions?
WORK SITE
I . Is sufficient protection erected to prevent injury / damage to passers by and other equipment?
2. Are barriers and signs erected as uer the COP?
3. Is the work area / platform a safe place for the operation to be undertaken?
I
4. Are arrangements for the control and disposal of waste fluids satisfactorv.?
5. Are arrangements for good housekeeping in place and enforced?
6. Are arrangements in place to check the system is free from air locks?
7. Are arrangements in place to check the pressure system is leak and defect free?
8. Are arrangements in place to clear equipment from site at completion of iob?
IMPORTANT ALL QUESTIONS MUST BE ANSWERED YES OR N/A

BEFORE WORK MAY START
........................................
..........................................
Operation..
Signature of Team Leader.. ..................
Company
Location.. ...............................
Print Name ...........................
Date
....................................
~~~~
APPENDIX 2 WATER JET INJURIES
(P1 of 3)
MEDICAL NOTES - HIGH PRESSURE WATER JET INJURIES

INTRODUCTION
Pressure injection injuries, especially to the hand and upper extremities, with water, grease, paint, gasoline or
paint thinner are well described. High Pressure injection injuries are serious injuries with life and limb
threatening potential. The pressure required to penetrate the surface of the skin is i n the order of 7 x 10 N/
m2 or 100 psi. However, pressures currently used for High Pressure Water Jetting can exceed 2500 bar
(35500 Ibs/in2). The combination of irritant material and high pressure results in an extremely intensive
inflammatory reaction which develops within hours of the injury occurring. The irritant material may travel
proximally along visceral planes, nerves or tendon sheaths resulting in vascular compression and local
necrosis.
NATURE OF INJURY
The theoretical velocity of the jet can be derived from the formula: 8.34 (p=lbs/in*). With water pressure up
to 2500 bar (355001bs/in2) velocities in the order of 1550 m.p.h. (2500 KM/HR) can be encountered.
The kinetic energy dissipated on impact can, of course, be derived from KE = 1/2MV where M is the mass of
water ejected and V the velocity of impact. Even with parts of the body that have a capacity to absorb only
small quantities of water, say 0.035 oz ( 1 gramme) as in the case of the finger, the energy expended may be
of the order of 1500 ft Ibs (63.21 Joules). With other parts of the body with greater capacity the energy levels
will be that much higher.
When a High Pressure injection injury occurs the kinetic energy absorbed by the tissues is substantial and the
toxic material is often driven from the fingertip to the palm. Injuries in which an irritant material is injected
have a particularly poor prognosis even with prompt exploration and debridement. Amputation of the finger
is often required in these cases.
Water injection injuries do not result in the s a n e degree of secondary tissue damage and toxicity although the
greater pressures and nozzle velocities can result in very extensive tissue injury. The pattern of tissue damage
can be similar to that of high velocity missile gunshot wounds. All High Pressure Water Jet injuries should be
considered surgical emergencies. The small entrance wound and lack of an exit wound is not indicative of the
extensive disruption of deeper tissues which can result from dispersion of kinetic energy after penetration of
the skin by water.
High Pressure Water Jet injuries may result in the infiltration of water and air into the tissue planes. The
resulting subcutaneous emphysema can be an indication of the extensive internal damage. A classic radiographic appearance of diffuse subcutaneous air may be found.
High Pressure Water Jet injuries present with several unique features. The external manifestations in the
injury are unreliable in predicting the extent of internal damage. Bacterial or chemical inoculation can cause
significant morbidity. High Pressure Water Jet wounds may involve vascular or neurological injuries.
Wounds of the abdominal wall may involve intraperitoneal injuries.
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11
APPENDIX 2 WATER JET INJURIES
(P2 OF 3)
INITIAL ASSESSMENT
1.
At scene.
The importance of the injury and the potential severity must be recognised immediately.
First aid measures should include controlling any bleeding by the application of pressure over
the site of the bleeding and elevation of the injured limb where possible. Arrangements should
then be made for the immediate transfer of the patient to a hospital medical facility.
It is recommended that the hospital Accident and Emergency Department be
contacted by telephone whilst the patient is in transit with the following details:
1.
ii.
iii.
2.
3.
Time of the injury

The nature of the material in the jet
To reiterate to hospital Accident and Emergency staff that although the initial injury may
appear to be minor, the potential for serious complications arising exists and these
patients require referral to the duty Orthopaedic team for assessment.
In hospital.
Assess the patient for any life-threatening injury and ensure that the airway, breathing and
I.
circulation are controlled and stable.
ii.
Control any external haemorrhage by the application of pressure.
iii.
Obtain the following details in the history:

a.
Time of the incident
b.
Details of the contaminant
C.
Past medical history
d.
Any antibiotic allergies
Date of last Tetanus injection
e.
Examination.
I.
General examination.
Examination of the injury site - note the size and site of the entry wound.
ii.
iii.
Check for local swelling.
Assess the range of movement.
iv.
Assess nerve and tendon function.
V.
Obtain x-rays of the injured area to check for the presence of subcutaneous air.
1.
NB
Normal examination at this stage does not exclude serious and potentially limb threatening
complications developing.
4.
Refer the patient for assessment by a senior Accident and Emergency doctor or the Orthopaedic team.
5.
The patient should be taken to theatre for exploration of the injured limb.
6.
Prophylactic broad spectrum antibiotics will be required at the earliest possible stage.
7.
Ensure that Tetanus prophylaxis is up-to-date.
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High and Ultra High Pressure W a t e r r I
CONCLUSION
High Pressure Water Jet injuries should be considered surgical emergencies. A high index of suspicion of
associated internal injuries and aggressive surgical intervention are required.
Although water injection is not as toxic to tissues as petroleum based agents, High Pressure Water Jet
injuries pose a serious risk of bacterial infection (20%). Bacterial contaminants include grain positive and
gram negative bacteria, fungi and uncommon pathogens including aeromonas hydrophia. The water used in
high pressure jet devices may be contaminated with sewagc or oil lubricants. For these reasons, broad
spectrum antibiotics should be started and continued for several days post operatively.
Unfortunately, the initial apparently minor nature of the iiijury associated with the delay in the progression
to severe inflammation frequently results in a delay i n referral. The management of such injuries consists of
immediate exploration extended as widely as necessary with surgical debridement of all toxic material,
areas of obvious necrosis should be excised and the wound left open. Serial surgical debridement may be
necessary. Open wound management has been shown to offer the best results for injuries. One series
reported an 84% digit salvage rate and return to normal hand function in 64% of patients. Amputntion may
still be necessary in some cases.
Refs.
Burke E and Brady 0. . Veterinary and industrial High Pressure injection injuries.
British Medical Journal 1996, 3 12, 1436.
OSullivan S., ODonohue J. and OConnor T. .. Occupational High Pressure iiijection iiijury of the hand.
Dermatology 1997, 194, 3 I I .
Harvey R., et al - Major vascular injury from High Pressure Water Jet.
Journal of Trauma, 1996,40, 165-1 67.
The Water Jetting Association acknowledges with thanks the help given in the revision of
these notes by:
Mr John Heyworth MB ChB FRCS FFAEM.
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APPENDIX 3 (P1 OF 2)
ILLUSTRATIONS OF TYPICAL HIGH PRESSURE HOSE AND
END FITTINGSKOUPLINGS
Fig.1. 12 m m Bore - Rubber Covered Wire Braid Hose.
Hoses intended for use at pressures up to 420 barg. This hose is usually of a single / double wire braid
construction with a crimped swivel nut /cone nipple connector. BSP parallel threads are most common.
Hose End
Up to 420 bar
Fig, 2. 12 m m Bore - Rubber Covered Multi Spiral Hose.

Hoses for use at pressures up to 1400 barg. The hose is usually of multi spiral construction and
must have a solid or thrust wire swivel nut. Cone nipple metal/metal connectors with parallel threads or
fittings with integral 0rings may be used. Metric and Imperial threads are available.
Multi Spiral
Hose
Jose! End
. --.
3
Up to 1400 bar
APPENDIX 3 (P2OF2)
Fig. 3. Plastic Covered Multi Spiral Hose.
Hoses of this type are used for Flexilance applications and at pressures to 1500 barg.
Use solid swivel nuts.
Pressures up to 1500 bar
Multi Spiral Hose End
Up to 1500 bar
Fig.4. Plastic Covered Multi Spiral Hose for UHP.

Hoses of this type, fitted with gland type (Autoclave) fittings (or equivalent) are used at operating pressures
up to 3000 barg. These use a metal-to-metal seal and two swivel nuts, one of which is adjustable on the
nipple shaft. They must be kept clean, protected from darnage and only used i n accordance with the
manufacturers instructions.
UHP Multi Spiral Hose
Pressures up to 3000 bar
UHP Hose End
Up to 3000 bar
(The illustrations above are reproduced by kind permission of various sources.)
APPENDIX 4 (Pl OF 1)
HOSE RE-ENDING
High Pressure hose assemblies and fittings must always be supplied by manufacturers who comply with the
requirements of I S 0 9000.
Nothing in this section over-rides those basic requirements. (See also Section 1 1 of this Code for general
specifications)
Fluid Power Assemblies

However in the course of normal operating conditions High Pressure Water Jetting is not considered to be a
Fluid Power Assembly and the procedures and regulations applying to Fluid Power Assemblies do not
apply to High Pressure Jetting which has quite specific and different requirements.
The procedure of hose re-ending whilst unacceptable in many hydraulic applications is a necessary nortnal
crnd essenticrl procedure f o r Jetting hoses. In most jetting applications the re-ending of hoses after locallygenerated damage such as kinking or other mechanical shock to the hose is repairable.
In such circumstances re-ending is considered an essential part of the lifetime care and maintenance of the
hose assembly.
Re-ending as a repair or treatment for wear, abrasion, and long term damage is not permitted.
In the absence of any other, mandatory requirements the procedure for the re-ending of hoses is to be subject
to the same stringent requirements as for the original supply of hoses and fittings.
(See also Section 1 I )
This is particularly true with regard to the need to maintain adequate records and to ensure proper traceability
of the history of the hoses, fittings, and resultant assemblies.
Manufacturers requirements
All reputable manufacturers recognise the unique position occupied by High Pressure Water Jetting hoses
and assemblies and will arrange for a n d o r approve hose re-ending subject to particular constraints and
safeguards.
The following specialist routines may be encountered.
Reputable manufacturers will either carry out the work themselves or nominate an agent (or a series of
agents) who can provide national coverage and are approved to carry out the re-ending work.
This may involve a complete examination before re-ending takes place.
Both hose ends may need to be re-ended at the same time.
Some manufacturers insist that only their own fittings are used.
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APPENDIX 5 (P1 OF 3)
CONFINED SPACES
WHEREVER POSSIBLE THE NEED FOR ENTRY INTO A CONFINED SPACE
SHOULD BE AVOIDED.
Prior to entry a risk assessment must be carried out, and this should include appropriate methods of rescue.
This may be a generic assessment leading to a standard safe system of work.
However, on reaching the site a local assessment must be carried out to confirni that conditions are as
expected.
For example, if, on arriving to clear a domestic sewer, there is a strong smell of solvent the generic
assessment may not be suitable as additional precautions may be necessary.
If in doubt stop and get advice.

The following should be taken into account.
Toxic gases e.g. hydrogen sulphide (H,S) carbon monoxide (CO).

Asphyxiants (gases which displace air) e.g. carbon dioxide (CO2).
Flammable materials e.g. methane (CH,), petrol vapour.
Oxygen deficient atmosphere (02).
Oxygen rich atmosphere - leads to accelerated combustion.
Environment e.g. weatherhides
Access and egress.
Entry shall not be made or permitted into a confined space unless the atmosphere has been tested for gases
that may be present.
A safe result must be obtained before entry is attempted and arrangements made thereafter for the
continuous monitoring whilst persons are in the confined space.
Suitable Breathing Apparatus (BA) must be provided and used where necessary.
This may involve an escape set for self rescue.
For more complicated or involved work it may be necessary to use self contained or line fed breathing
apparatus.
Detection equipment must be serviced regularly /tested or replaced. Sampling should be done at the lowest
point of the entry. For full body entries the detector should be carried.
Remember that the monitor will only look for a maximum of three gases and oxygen deficiency.
Some simple monitors will only look for one gas.
A monitor is an aid not a guarantee.
Disturbing sludge, freeing a blockage etc. can cause a safe environment to become highly dangerous.
Operators should be suspicious of any unrecognised odour and leave the confined space immediately until
it has been identified.
They should not re-enter until it has been established that it is safe to do so
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APPENDIX 5 CONFINED SPACES (P2 OF 3)

Vehicles or plant driven by internal combustion engines must be located so that exhaust fumes cannot be
taken into an enclosed sewer or other confined space.
Consideration also needs to be given to rescue if any emergencies arise, an example would be where an
operator loses consciousness in a confined space. For instance on vertical entries the use of a harness and
hoist will allow the top man to carry out a rescue.
However for high risk entries, personnel who have been suitably instructed and trained in rescue
techniques, together with appropriate equipment may need to be present.
Reliance cannot be placed on the emergency services being able to respond in time.
If full breathing apparatus is required suitable resuscitation equipment and persons trained in its use are also
likely to be needed.
Arrangements should be in place to contact the emergency services should an accident occur, e.g. confirm
that any mobile phone designated for use is working, and where such phones are not allowed, that suitable
lines of communication have been established.
The physiological effects of gases and vapours vary widely and symptoms including giddiness, headache,
pulsing at the temples, nausea, breathlessness and irritation of the eyes should always be taken to indicate
potentially dangerous conditions.
Operators should be instructed that if they experience any of these symptoms they should leave the confined
space immediately and warn all others present.
Accidental Chemical Spillage

Accidental spillage of dangerous chemicals on public highways in and from chemical plants can affect the
safety of persons working in sewers.
Systems should be set up in conjunction with the emergency services so that contingency plans are
established to enable those in control of sewer operations to be alerted to the possible danger to personnel.
Working arrangements and training should be developed to take account of the distinct possibility that such
occurrences may take place.
Ventilation
Work shall only take place in an enclosed sewer or other confined space, without breathing apparatus being
used, if the space has been adequately ventilated, tested for dangerous fumes and has a supply of air
adequate for respiration.
A responsible person should stipulate the method of ventilation.
If, for example, a sewer has sufficient manhole covers opened, or a vessel has sufficient top and bottom
openings, then natural ventilation may be adequate.
However in some cases a form of mechanical ventilation may be required.
Ventilation may be supplied by using a blower fan and trunking
APPENDIX 5
CONFINED SPACES
(P3 OF 3)
I
MAINTENANCE OF SAFETY EQUIPMENT

All breathing apparatus, safety harnesses, lifelines and any other equipment provided for use in, or in
connection with, entry into confined spaces, and for use in emergencies, must be properly maintained and
thoroughly examined at least once a month, and as soon as possible after every occasion on which it has
been used.
The manufacturers advice should be followed regarding regular maintenance and servicing requirements.
The monthly thorough examination of the equipment must be made by a competent person, who should
sign a report containing at least the following particulars:
The name of the occupier of premises where the equipment is stored.
The address of the premises.
In the case of breathing apparatus or resuscitation apparatus, the particulars of the type of apparatus
and of the distinguishing number or mark, together with a description sufficient to identify the
apparatus, and the name of the maker.
In the case of a safety harness, belt or rope, the distinguishing number or mark and a description
sufficient to identify the safety harness, belt or rope.
The date of the examination, and by whom it was carried out.
The condition of the apparatus, safety harness, belt or rope, and particulars of any defect found at
the time of examination
Such reports must be kept available for reference and inspection purposes and may be kept in the form of a
register.
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CODE OF PRACTICE

FOR THE USE OF

0 The Water Jetting Association

High and Ultra High Pressure Water Jetting

Accidents and Diseases associated with High Pressure Water Jetting

Personal Protective Equipment

High Pressure Jetting Team: Organisation and Duties

Direct water jet injuries

W J.A. Code of Practice

High and Ultra High Pressure Water Jetting

High Pressure Hose Assemblies

Adjustable Pressure Control Valve

Jetting Guns (dump types)

The Safe Use of Water Jetting Equipment

Cnpynglit of The Warer Je//rrigAssocrotio

red iiik. If ynii ore rri Ixssessrori

Care and Maintenance of Equipment

Abrasive Jet Cutting Systems

High and Ultra High Pressure WaterJetting

Additional Hazards and Precautions

Ultra High Pressure Jetting

Scope and definition

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red ink. If you nre in possession

High and Ultra High Pressure Water Jetting

INTRODUCTION and Definitions

The use of the word should indicates recommended practices to be adopted.

associated with UHP Jetting. (Section 18)

High and Ultra High Pressure Water Jetting

The Manuals and Courses are subject to regular revision.

High and Ultra High Pressure Water Jetting

ACCIDENTS AND DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH PRESSURE WATER

Direct water jet injuries

More comprehensive advice on dealing with Water Jetting Injuries is given in

Scaffolding must be adequately secured to prevent it being pushed over.

This is particularly important when using a gimbal mounted gun.

W J.A. Code of Practice

High and Ultra High Pressure WaterJetting

Operatives should take regular breaks to recover from fatigue.

Risks from ejected material

Inhalatiotdcontamination risks from aerosols

General Health Considerations

Copyrighi of The Warer Jetiiiig Associotiori

WJ.A. Code of Practice

High and Ultra High Pressure WaterJetting

Leptospirosis (Weils Disease)

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT ( or PPE.) (SEE ALSO A DDITIONA L

High and Ultra High Pressure Water Jetting

A COSHH assessment may be necessary and, if appropriate, respiratory protective equipment

Use of harness when working at height. (See also section 5.2)

Operatives shall be trained in the correct use of such equipment.

Working from ladders is prohibited.

High Pressure Jetting Team: Organisation and Duties

High and Ultra High Pressure WaterJetting

Conducting a team talk prior to starting the task.

Ensuring that all team members clearly understand the means of

Special Equipment is available for One Man or Single Person Operation.

Foot Control Valve Operator.

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W J.A. Code of Practice

High and Ultra High Pressure Water Jetting

Safety Standby. The duties of the Safety Standby include:

If the team consists of