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The term determiner refers to a grammatical form which is used to indicate
further information about a noun. Like adjectives, they can express information such
as quantity, proximity, definiteness, and relationship. Moreover, determiners are
considered as modifying words that specify the type of reference that a particular
noun has. They are commonly placed before a noun or a noun phrase, in order to
indicate whether the speaker is referring to a specific thing or to something of a
particular kind.
I. Difference Between Determiners and Adjectives
Determiners and adjectives are related in such a way that they both modify a noun
or a noun phrase. However, the main difference between the two is that
determiners are placed before nouns and introduce them to the audience, while
adjectives modify nouns by providing further details about them. Another difference
between the two is that determiners cannot be graded unlike adjectives, which can
be expressed in different intensities. For instance, an object may be big, bigger, or
biggest. However, it cannot be that-est or the-est. Furthermore, adjectives are
only optional parts of a sentence, while determiners are necessary and
indispensable.
II. The Uses of Determiners
Determiners can serve a variety of purposes in sentences and can have different
meanings. However, in general, all determiners are used to clarify a noun or a noun
phrase. One of the most common functions of determiners is to define or
demonstrate an object or a person. For instance, it can show whether the noun that
is mentioned in the sentence is something specific or unspecific. Another common
purpose of this grammatical form, is that it can also indicate the differences
between nouns.
Although there are also other functions of determiners such as for expressing
quantity, possession, and questions, most of these purposes are related to the two
key areas mentioned earlier. It is not that difficult to understand determiners
because they are commonly used in written and verbal English. In order to fully
grasp the concept, it is also advisable to study about the different types of
determiners which are presented in the next section.
III. Different Kinds of Determiners
There are different kinds of determiners and each one serves a different function.
These types include articles, quantifiers, demonstratives, possessives, and
interrogatives.
Articles
There are only three examples of articles, and these are: the, a, and an. The article
the is considered as a definite article because it refers to a particular noun that is
mentioned in the text, while the articles a and an are called indefinite articles
because they point out to a class of noun mentioned in the sentence.
The indefinite articles a and an have the same function, but they are not
interchangeable. The former is used if it precedes a noun that starts with a
consonant (e.g., a bike; a gadget; a television), while the latter is used if the noun
after it starts with a vowel (e.g., an eggplant; an architect; an umbrella).
Sample Sentences:
The Eiffel Tower is a romantic destination.
Johnny is an Englishman.
Ethan is studying to be an engineer.
Quantifiers
As the name suggests, quantifiers are used to express the quantity. It can answer
the questions, How much? or How many? Some examples of quantifiers include:
a few, enough, many, a little, most, some, any, and much.
Sample Sentences:
I have enough money.
We have much time.
She has few friends.
Demonstratives
This kind of determiners demonstrates and functions as pointers of a particular
noun. Basically, demonstratives indicate the position or location of a noun from the
point of view of the speaker. Some examples of demonstratives include: this, these,
that, and those.
The demonstrative this is used for singular nouns that are near the speaker, while
these is for plural nouns that are also close by. On the other hand, the
demonstrative that is for a singular noun that is further away, and those is for
plural nouns that are also far from the speaker.
Sample Sentences:
This laptop is mine.
That car is my uncles.
These cookies taste great.
Possessives
This type of determiners is used to express possession or ownership of a noun.
Possessive determiners are different from possessive pronouns, because possessive
pronouns can be independent or can stand alone. Some examples of possessives
include: my, his, mine, our, their, and her.
Sample Sentences:
This is my car.
Is this his house?
Obviously, one cannot own a specific person. So in this example, the possessive
adjective my indicates a close personal relationship with the noun mother.
I really like your
In the sentence above, the possessive adjective your shows who owns the noun
jacket.
Other Examples:
His name is Kevin.
Her name is Michaela.
Our cat is always licking its
We sold our dune buggy yesterday.
The children thanked their
What is the Difference Between Possessive Adjectives and Possessive Pronouns?
Although the possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns are closely related and
can sometimes be confusing, it is actually very easy to differentiate one from the
other. Basically, you just have to remember that possessive pronouns are used in
place of a noun. Take a look at the example below:
Gians jacket is black. Hers is brown.
In the sentence above, instead of mentioning another name (noun), the possessive
pronoun hers is used as a replacement.
On the other hand, possessive adjectives are used to modify a noun and just like
ordinary adjectives, they are located before the word that it describes. For example:
My dirt bike is faster than his moped.
What are the Different Forms of Possessive Adjectives?
Below are the different forms of possessive adjectives:
possissive_adjectives
The 1st person possessive adjectives my and our can be used for both male and
female owners. However, the possessive adjective my is for singular owners,
while the possessive adjective our is for plural ones.
Example:
We sold our dune buggy yesterday.
This means that the dune buggy does not solely belong to the speaker. It can be a
family vehicle, for instance.
The 2nd person possessive adjective your can be used for both male and female
owners, and also for both singular and plural owners.
Examples:
Jack doesnt have your phone number, Karen.In this sentence, the possessive
adjective your is used for the singular owner of the phone number which is
Karen.
Kids, dont forget to drink your
The possessive adjective your is used to show ownership for the noun milk. Take
note that in this sentence, the milk belongs to the plural noun kids.
The 3rd person possessive adjectives her, his, and its are all used if the owner
is singular, while the 3rd person possessive adjective their is used only if the
owner is in its plural form. Moreover, the possessive adjective her is obviously
used if the owner is a female and the possessive adjective his is for male owners.
Examples:
His name is Kevin. (Kevin is a name for a male person)
Her name is Michaela. (Michaela is obviously a name for a female person.)
The children thanked their (The word children is the plural form of child.
Therefore the 3rd person possessive adjective their is appropriate to use.)
Additional Tips
The words its and its are almost the same except for the presence of an
apostrophe in the second word. Although the apostrophe may seem trivial, it
actually makes a big difference. Always remember that its is the contracted form
of it is or it has, so basically if you want to use a possessive adjective in your
sentence, you must use the one without an apostrophe.
Final Thoughts
Although possessive adjectives can be confusing at first, especially because they
are closely related to possessive pronouns, do not get too intimidated by these. Just
by studying the contents of this article and practicing constantly on the application
of this kind of words, you will surely be able to fully understand the concept.
Anyway, you probably already have been using possessive adjectives for a long
time and youre just not aware of it
Kinds of Adjectives: Descriptive Adjectives
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The adjective is one of the most essential parts of speech that is used extensively in
speech and in writing. There are many kinds of adjectives, but in this article, the
largest group under this word type will be discussedthe descriptive adjectives.
the word personality refers to the combination of various traits and qualities that
form a persons inner character. It does not express what a person looks like, but
rather describes the attitude of that individual.
If you are having a hard time in identifying the personality adjective in a sentence,
you can just ask the question:
There are three things all wise men fear: the sea in storm, a night with no moon,
and the anger of a gentle man. Patrick Rothfuss, The Wise Mans Fear
You think that I am stubborn, but you are even more stubborn than me. You had a
wonderful chance on your drive back to see one of the greatest sights on earth, the
Grand Canyon, something every American should see at least once in his life. Jon
Krakauer, Into the Wild
Indeed the safest road to Hell is the gradual onethe gentle slope, soft underfoot,
without sudden turnings, without milestones, without signposts,Your affectionate
uncle, Screwtape. C.S Lewis, The Screwtape Letters
Im impulsive, and hot tempered, and you get under my skin like no one else. You
act like you hate me one minute, and then need me the next. Jamie McGuire,
Beautiful Disaster
Functions of Personality Adjectives
As the name suggests, the main function of this type of adjective is to describe or
express the character or personality of an individual. Instead of focusing on the
outward appearance (e.g., fat; slim; ugly; gorgeous; tall; petite; neat; dirty),
personality adjectives are more concerned with describing the inner character traits
of a person. It can be used to describe both the positive personality traits and
negative personality traits of an individual. Furthermore, since everyone has a
different personality, the list of personality adjectives can seem endless.
Adjective: Definition and Examples
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One of the most important components of a sentence is the adjective. This part of
speech is so common that people use it almost automatically, both in speech and in
writing. For you to understand the concept of adjectives better this article will
answer the following questions:
What is an adjective?
What are the functions of adjectives?
What are the different kinds of adjectives?
What are the degrees of adjectives?
Aside from answering the basic questions and defining the related terms, various
examples will also be included in this short write-up.
What is an Adjective and its Functions?
An adjective is a part of speech which describes, identifies, or quantifies a noun or a
pronoun. So basically, the main function of an adjective is to modify a noun or a
pronoun so that it will become more specific and interesting. Instead of just one
word, a group of words with a subject and a verb, can also function as an adjective.
When this happens, the group of words is called an adjective clause.
For example:
For example: My brother, who is much older than I am, is an astronaut.
In the example above, the underlined clause modifies the noun brother. But what
if the group of words doesnt have a subject and a verb? What do you think the
resulting group of words will be called?
If you think its called an adjective phrase, you are right. As you might recall,
phrases and clauses are both groups of words and the main difference is that
clauses have subjects and verbs, while phrases dont.
For example: She is prettier than you.
What are the Different Kinds of Adjectives?
adjective
Now that you already know the answer to the question, What is an adjective? you
should know that not all adjectives are the same. They modify nouns and pronouns
differently, and just like the other parts of speech, there are different kinds of
adjectives. These are:
1. Descriptive Adjectives
Among the different kinds of adjectives, descriptive adjectives are probably the
most common ones. They simply say something about the quality or the kind of the
noun or pronoun theyre referring to.
Examples:
Erika is witty.
She is tired.
Adrians reflexes are amazing.
2. Adjectives of Number or Adjectives of Quantity
As the name suggests, this kind of adjective answers the question, How many? or
How much?
Examples:
Twenty-one students failed the exam.
The plants need more water.
3. Demonstrative Adjectives
Demonstrative adjectives point out pronouns and nouns, and always come before
the words they are referring to.
Examples:
I used to buy this kind of shirts.
When the old man tripped over that wire, he dropped a whole bag of groceries.
4. Possessive Adjectives
Obviously, this kind of adjectives shows ownership or possession. Aside from that,
possessive adjectives always come before the noun.
Examples:
I cant answer my seatwork because I dont have a calculator.
Trisha sold his dog.
5. Interrogative Adjectives
Interrogative adjectives ask questions and are always followed by a noun.
Examples:
What movie are you watching?
Which plants should be placed over here?
What are the Degrees of Adjectives?
There are only three degrees or levels of adjectives (also known as degrees of
comparison) namely, positive, comparative, and superlative. When you talk about
or describe only a single person, place, or thing, you should use the positive degree.
Examples:
She is a beautiful lady.
It was a memorable trip.
If on the other hand, you are comparing two persons, places, or things, it is
appropriate to use the comparative degree of the word. Normally, you will need to
add -er to transform the word into its comparative form or add the word more.
Also, the word than should be added after the adjective in the comparative
degree.
Examples:
This swimming pool is bigger than that one.
Ashley is more intelligent than Aldrin.
*Note: For words ending in y, you should first change the y into i, and then
add -er (e.g., lovely-lovelier; pretty- prettier; tasty- tastier)
Lastly, if you are comparing more than two things, the superlative form of the
adjectives should be used and the word the should be added before the adjective.
In order to transform the adjective into its superlative form, you just have to add the
suffix -est or the word most.
Examples:
That is by far, the tallest tree I have ever seen in my entire life.
This is the most crucial match of the season.
*Note: For words ending in y, you should first change the y into i, and then
add -est (e.g., lovely-loveliest; pretty- prettiest; tasty- tastiest)
Final Thoughts
This article entitled Basic Grammar: What is an Adjective? can be very helpful for
beginners who want to improve their grammar skills and ace the English subject. If
you really have a deep understanding of what is an adjective, you will surely be able
to apply this concept to your compositions properly. Just remember that although
adjectives seem a little trivial, an effective use of this part of speech can actually
strengthen your writing.
Adverb: Definition and Examples
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Since adjectives are more common compared to adverbs, this article will focus on
explaining the concept of adverbs. It will answer the most basic questions like:
What is an adverb?
What are the different kinds of adverbs?
What are the most important tips for using adverbs?
Question 1: What is an Adverb?
An adverb is a part of speech used to describe a verb, adjective, clause, or another
adverb. It simply tells the readers how, where, when, or the degree at which
something was done.
Examples:
The manager accepted the challenge very nicely.
The italicized word is an adverb that describes nicely, which is another adverb.
Tears began to fall as he saw the completely lifeless body of his wife.
The adverb in this sentence is completely, which describes the adjective lifeless.
Surprisingly, the cubicles of the public restroom are clean.
Surprisingly is the adverb in this sentence. It modifies the clause that comes right
after it.
Even though all of the sample sentences above have one-word adverbs, adverbs are
not limited to a single word. Sometimes, adverbs come in phrases. Take a look at
the example below.
At 4 a.m., a stray cat jumped into the open window.
The italicized part is a prepositional phrase with an adverbial function. It tells when
the event occurred.
Question 2: What are the Different Kinds of Adverbs?
Aside from answering the main question What is an adverb? it is also important to
explore the different kinds of this part of speech. Basically, there are four kinds of
adverbs:
adverb
Adverbs of Manner
This kind of adverb describes the manner by which something was done or
something happened. Adverbs of manner answer the question How?
Examples:
The students measured the volume of the chemicals accurately.
The italicized adverb describes the verb measured.
She walks gracefully.
Gracefully modifies the verb walks.
Adverbs of Place
Adverbs of place simply answer the question Where? Here are some examples:
Heisenberg looked away from the dead body.
The adverb away answers the question, Where did Heisenberg look?
They built a huge toy factory nearby.
The adverb nearby answers the question, Where did they build the huge toy
factory?
You will notice based on these examples that adverbs of place can be placed right
after the verb or after the object of the verb.
Adverbs of Time
Aside from answering when an event occurred, adverbs of time also answer
questions like, How long? and How often?
Examples:
Syndra lived in Germany for a year.
For a year tells how long something happened (how long Syndra lived in Germany).
Im going to the dentist tomorrow.
The adverb tomorrow indicates when something will be done.
Adverbs of Degree
This kind of adverb indicates the degree at which something will be done. It tells
something about the intensity.
Examples:
You didnt try hard enough.
Hard enough is an adverb pertaining to the verb, try.
The temperature of the room was extremely
Extremely describes the adjective, high.
Question 3: What are the Most Important Tips for Using Adverbs?
Sometimes, students know what adverbs are but dont know how to use them
properly. So here are the most useful tips that you should keep in mind:
In writing an adverb of manner, you must never write the adverb in between the
verb and the object of the verb.
Example (from above):
The students measured accurately the volume of the chemicals. (wrong)
The students measured the volume of the chemicals accurately. (correct)
The first sentence is wrong because the adverb is located somewhere between
measured (verb) and volume (object of the verb).
Know when to use the comparative or superlative forms of adverbs. Words like more
or less are added to the main adverb when comparing two things. Most or least are
used if there are three or more things to compare.
Examples: most often; more frequently
Not all words ending in ly are adverbs. This is pretty obvious, but some students
assume that a word is an adverb just because it ends in ly.
Do not overly use adverbs. If there are single alternative words, you can use those.
Examples:
Instead of walk heavily > trudge
Instead of ate hurriedly > gobbled
Final Thoughts
After providing simplified answers to questions like What is an adverb? and What
are the different kinds of adverbs? this article will surely help you understand the
concept better. However, how you apply this knowledge and make use of it to your
advantage still depends on you. Keep on reading and practicing your writing in
order to hone your grammar skills.
Conjunction: Definition and Examples
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The conjunction is the part of speech used as a joiner for words, phrases, or
clauses in a particular sentence. It links these words or groups of words together, in
such a way that certain relationships among these different parts of the sentence
will be established, and the thoughts that all of these convey will be connected.
until
after
as if
how
if
provided
in that
once
supposing
while
unless
in case
as far as
now that
as
so that
though
since
as a result
indeed
still
thus
on the other hand
furthermore
instead
incidentally
after all
finally
likewise
meanwhile
consequently
Final Thoughts
Conjunctions are very essential in speech and in writing. They improve the cohesion
between the different parts of the text and enable you to construct long sentences
without sounding awkward. Although the concept of conjunctions may seem too
simple, you should still take time and make sure that you place the punctuations
properly, choose the appropriate conjunctions, and see to it that you adhere to the
standard rules of grammar.