PARTS OF SPEECH: ELEMENTS IN A SENTENCE (elementos de una oración)

COLOR ASSOCIATION: GREEN= MOTION, MOVEMENT, VERB; BLUE: SUBJECT, "PROTAGONIST", ACTIVE PART
(BE=SENSE OF BEING, EXISTENCIA) SOLID BLACK: POSSESS. ADJ (DETERMINER) // complemento, GREY: POSSES. PRONOUN, POSSESSIVE.

(asociacion de colores: verde: verbo, azul:sujeto, rojos: objetos-dir. e indir.- negro: complementos // posesivos -adj. y pron.-)

EJEMPLO: tenemos BUY accion,

una accion y distin- PETER WIFE MARY CAR FLOWERS personas y objetos (puede
tos sujetos y objetos

"MECANISM": SIMPLY IN ORDER AS FOLLOWS -PLUS THE SIMPLE ENGLISH CONJUGATION RULES-
SUBJECT VERB OBJ (I) OBJ (D)
SUBJECT VERB OBJ (D) TO OBJ (I)
mecanismo: simplemente como sigue azul-verde-rojo/s -más la simple regla de conjugacion del inglés-
P R O N O U N S
POSSESSIVE COMPLEMENTS:
person SUBJECT ADJECTIVE PRONOUN OBJECT (IN UNDERLINED BLACK REGULAR FON
1st I MY MINE ME (en letra negra SUBRAYADA) son por ej. :

2nd YOU YOUR YOURS YOU adv.:(lugar, tiempo, forma, etc)

singular HE HIS HIS HIM e.g: in the park
3rd SHE HER HERS HER for her birthday
IT ITS ITS IT is good; );well: he plays very well,
1st WE OUR OURS US
plural 2nd YOU YOUR YOURS YOU

3rd THEY THEIR THEIRS THEM

PETER PETER´S PETER´S PETER

sentence: elements: PETER BUY MARY FLOWERS (one action: to buy; 3 "actors": Peter,Mary; flowers)
oracion: elementos (una accion "comprar", 3 "actores":Peter, Mary, flowers)
present simple
PETER BUYS MARY FLOWERS
PETER BUYS FLOWERS TO MARY
HE BUYS HER FLOWERS
odd to say ++ (raro decir así++) HE BUYS HER THEM
odd to say + (raro decir así +) HE BUYS THEM TO HER
odd to say ++ (raro decir así++) PETER BUYS MARY THEM
odd to say + (raro decir así +) PETER BUYS THEM TO MARY

past simple
PETER BOUGHT HIS WIFE FLOWERS
PETER BOUGHT FLOWERS TO HIS WIFE
HE BOUGHT FLOWERS TO HER
I BOUGHT MY WIFE FLOWERS
THEY BOUGHT PETER´S WIFE FLOWERS
 WE BOUGHT FLOWERS TO PETER´S WIFE

I BOUGHT MY FRIEND´S WIFE´S SISTER

odd to say + (raro decir así +) I BOUGHT HER
I BOUGHT IT
I BOUGHT A RAY BRADBURY SCIENCE FICTION BOOK

OTHER "ELEMENTS" TO FORM SENTENCES AND

APPLY THESE ENGLISH GRAMMAR SIMPLE RULES
otros elementos para formar oraciones y aplicar las
estas simples reglas de gramática inglesa
GIVE PETER´S BEST FRIEND I
KISS THIS SCHOOL´S PRINCIPAL THEY
HIT PETER´S BEST FRIEND ME
TOUCH THIS SCHOOL´S PRINCIPAL THEM
PETER´S BEST FRIEND ME
THIS SCHOOL´S PRINCIPAL THEM
IT IT
IT

NOW PRACTICE CHOOSE SUBJECT

ahora practique CHOOSE OBJECTS (DIR)

con diferentes verbos CHOOSE OBJECTS (IND)

y actores (sujetos y objetos) CHOOSE VERB

POSSESSIVES (X´s) AND WORD POSITIONING (ADJECTIVES, TYPE, CLASS, ETC, ..

POSESIVOS (X`s: perteneciente a X) Y POSICIONAMIENTO DE PALABRAS (ADJETIVOS, TIPO, CLASE, ETC… ORDEN DE LAS PALABRA
CLIVE : ASOCIACION EN "DEGRADÉ" O "MAS INTENSO A MENOS INTENSO"

Explicacion: en ingles siempre de lo que hablamos "VA A LO ULTIMO ": red car (hablamos de un auto) science f
"justo antes" va "la clase o caracteristica MAS GRANDE O DE MAYOR IMPORTANCIA o relevancia contextual
ejemplo hablando de RED SCIENCE FICTION BOOK
BOOKS (LIBROS) SCIENCE FICTION RED BOOK

RAY BRADBURY SCIENCE FICTION BOOK (dentro de los de ciencia ficcion el de Ray Bradbury)
libro de ciencia ficción de Ray Bradbury (Ray Bradbury es el tipo de libro)
RAY BRADBURY`S SCIENCE FICTION BOOK (dentro de los de ciencia ficcion el que cuyo dueño es Ray Bradbury)
(el) libro de ciencia ficción de Ray Bradbury (el dueño de ese libro es Ray Bradbury)

…………..
FIRST WORLD SPEED RACE CAR SPORTS WHEELS
…….. practique con "el juego de palabras" para los distintas "prioridades"
PETER´S FRIEND´S BASEBALL CARD COLLECTION
PETER´S FRIEND´S GREAT BASEBALL CARD COLLECTION
PETER´S FRIEND´S BASEBALL CARD GREAT COLLECTION
PETER´S FRIEND´S BASEBALL CARDS GREAT COLLECTION
PETER´S FRIEND´S BASEBALL GREAT CARD COLLECTION
hablamos de la colección de cartas de baseball de Peter
hablamos de la gran colección de cartas de baseball de Peter, o sea res
hablamos de una de las colecciónes de cartas de baseball de Peter (la que esta bu
hablamos de una de las grandes colecciónes de Peter (la de cartas baseball), el t
hablamos de una clase de las grandes colecciones de cartas de Peter, la

PREGUNTAR: PREGUNTAS EN INGLES: AUXILIAR: RELACION ("MATRIMONIO INSEPARABLE")

el auxiliar (do,does, did, have, can,..) SIEMPRE VA "PEGADO" AL sujeto
COLOR ASSOCIATION: BLACK: AUX, GREEN= MOTION, MOVEMENT, VERB; BLUE: SUBJECT, "PROTAGONIST", ACTIVE PART RED: OBJECT, T
* EN BE: EL AUX ES EL MISMO VERBO CONJUGADO (AUX Y VERB A LA VEZ) EN PRES/PAST SIMPLE 1) es para hacer o formular preguntas
EL AUXILIAR ó AUXILIARY VERB 2) es para reemplazar
quien vino? peter vino
LAS PREGUNTAS SIEMPRE* SE EMPIEZAN CON UN AUXILIAR (DO, DOES) O "ESPECIFIDAD AUXILIA
…… SIGUE EL SUJETO
……… SIGUE EL VERBO (NOMBRE DEL VERBO --SALVO EN HAVE-HAD -"perfectos"- DO

DE ESTA MANERA .. AUX SUBJECT VERB ? EJEMPLO:

ESP. AUX SUBJECT VERB

* EXCEPCION CUANDO LA INCOGNITA DE LA PREGUNTA (JUSTAMENTE LO QUE SE QUIERE SABER Y SE IGNORA) ES EL MISMÍSIMO SUJETO (AL NO ESTAR PRESEN
EN ESTE CASO VA A SER "WHAT", WHICH" O "WHO" (RECORDAR QUE SON LOS INTERROGATIVOS PARA COSAS Y PERSONAS SEGUIDO DEL VERBO CONJUGADO:

Y LA RESPUESTA VA A SER EL MISMISIMO SUJETO MAS EL VERBO O SU REEMPLAZANTE AUXILIAR CORRESPONDIENTE.

* 2: EN EL VERBO TO BE (SER ó ESTAR) EL AUXILIAR EN PRESENTE SIMPLE Y PASADO SIMPLE ES EL MISMO VERBO CONJUGADO: VA EN LA MISMA POSICION QUE LA REGLA, EJEMPLO :

WHAT : es o se pregunta para saber (se ignora) una cosa

WHERE: es para saber (se ignora) un lugar (complemento
INTERROGATIVE WHEN: es para saber (se ignora) el tiempo/frecuencia
PRONOUNS HOW: es para saber (se ignora) la forma o estado de ser
WHO: es para saber (se ignora) una persona .(puede ser
WHICH: es para saber (se ignora) una cosa en un universo cerrado
WHAT TIME HOW OFTEN: especificos (tienen la misma funcion o fun
DO YOU STUDY IN MIAMI ?
NO AUX ! DO YOU STUDY ENGLISH ? YES, I DO.
WHO CAME? WHAT DO YOU STUDY ? ENGLISH (I
quien vino? WHERE DOES SHE STUDY ? IN THE PARK
HE DID
WHAT BROKE IT? DID SHE STUDY ENGLISH ? YES, SHE
que (fue lo que) lo rompió?
THIS STONE DID HAS SHE STUDIED ENGLISH ? YES, SHE
incognita=sujeto
NO AUX ! WHO HAS SHE SEEN ? PETER (SHE
 DOES PETER´S FRIEND STUDY ENGLISH ? YES, HE DOES

* BE: EL AUX ES EL MISMO VERBO CONJUGADO EN PRESENT Y PAST SIMPLE (AUX Y VERB A LA VEZ)
IS PETER´S FRIEND FINE ? YES, SHE
WHERE ARE YOU ? IN THE KITCHEN

HOW OFTEN DO YOU WATCH TV ? EVERYDAY

* NO EN LOS DEMAS TENSES HAS PETER´S FRIEND BEEN FINE ? YES, HE HAS

recordar-
asociar
"MECANISM": SIMPLY IN ORDER AS FOLLOWS -PLUS THE SIMPLE ENGLISH CONJUGATION RULES-
SUBJECT VERB OBJ (I) OBJ (D)
SUBJECT VERB OBJ (D) TO OBJ (I)
mecanismo: simplemente como sigue azul-verde-rojo/s -más la simple regla de conjugacion del inglés-

P R O N O U N S
POSSESSIVE COMPLEMENTS:
person SUBJECT ADJECTIVE PRONOUN OBJECT (IN UNDERLINED BLACK REGULAR FON
1st I MY MINE ME (en letra negra SUBRAYADA) son por ej. :
2nd YOU YOUR YOURS YOU adv.:(lugar, tiempo, forma, etc)
singular HE HIS HIS HIM e.g: in the park, with her friends
3rd SHE HER HERS HER for her birthday
IT ITS ITS IT is good; );well
1st WE OUR OURS US
plural 2nd YOU YOUR YOURS YOU

3rd THEY THEIR THEIRS THEM

PETER PETER´S PETER´S PETER
os de una oración)

ARTICLES

ROTAGONIST", ACTIVE PART RED: OBJECT, THE "VICTIM", PASSIVE PART, DIRECT OR INDIRECT THE: definite
PRONOUN, POSSESSIVE. (el azul ejerce la accion el rojo la recibe) A / AN: indefinite
// posesivos -adj. y pron.-) (las acciones que tienen "recep- DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES

tor¨" los verbos son "transitivo" y si- THIS

accion, verbo de la oración no "intransitivos" ej: Peter goes: THESE
personas y objetos (pueden ser sujetos y/o objetos)

* (TENSE: TIEMPO VERBAL)

LE ENGLISH CONJUGATION RULES- Los objetos de una oracion pue- modify nouns

recordar- den ser directos (od) o indirectos ADJECTIVES

asociar (oi). El mecanismo es simple FAST-SLOW

onjugacion del inglés- (indirecto inmediata- mucho mas que en español HARD-SOFT

mente desp. del verbo simplemente se nombra al sujeto GOOD-BAD

COMPLEMENTS: IN MIAMI ó verbo dir TO ind) (azul), sigue el verbo conjugado TERRIBLE

(IN UNDERLINED BLACK REGULAR FONT) 3ª PERSONA tan facil en ingles que en el caso TASTY

(en letra negra SUBRAYADA) son por ej. : (he she it) del presente es simplemente BIG-SMALL

adv.:(lugar, tiempo, forma, etc) .-s el nombre del verbo salvo la si IN-OUT

e.g: in the park, with her friends recordar- el sujeto es tercera persona (he, ON -OFF

for her birthday, good (the boy asociar she, it) se le agrega "-s", o ONLY

is good; );well: he plays very well, etc .-ed si es pasado se le agrega "-ed" EITHER
(irregular o si es irregular simplemente
verbs): se lo memoriza (ej: ate, broke,
ate gave) (EXCEPCION: VERB BE: IS, AM
went ARE (PRES) WAS,WERE (PAST)
gave THROUGH

o buy; 3 "actors": Peter,Mary; flowers) (tenses) ……………..decíamos que:.. THEN

omprar", 3 "actores":Peter, Mary, flowers) los objetos de una "accion" en PLUS

una oración pueden ser directos AROUND

FOR HER BIRTHDAY o indirectos; directos las "flowers"

FOR HER BIRTHDAY victimas directas de la acción de INSIDE

FOR HER BIRTHDAY comprar flores; indirecto es el OUTSIDE

FOR HER BIRTHDAY objeto "Mary" de esa accion de DOWN

FOR HER BIRTHDAY comprar: En este caso el sujeto MUCH

FOR HER BIRTHDAY Peter compra flores (od) a Mary LITTLE

FOR HER BIRTHDAY (oi). Puede haber complemento (for her…) LESS

MORE

…y colocamos diferentes ejem- FOLLOWING

plos con el verbo "buy" en ora- PREVIOUS

ciones con distintos sujetos

y objetos directos e indirectos. ALONE

ABOVE

NEITHER
 EVERY

EACH

A RAY BRADBURY SCIENCE FICTION BOOK FOREMOST

IT ANOTHER

TO HER ACROSS

URY SCIENCE FICTION BOOK TO MY FRIEND´S WIFE´S SISTER WHAT

WHICH

SO

LIKE

SAME

INDOOR

OUTDOOR

INDOOR

OUTDOOR

FURTHER

JUST

ASS, ETC, .. WORD ORDER) STILL

CLASE, ETC… ORDEN DE LAS PALABRAS) UNLIKE

SINCE

SUCH

car (hablamos de un auto) science fiction book ( hablamos de un libro)

NCIA o relevancia contextual " y así sucesivamente:
ICTION BOOK: dentro de los de ciencia ficcion, el rojo
N RED BOOK: detro de los rojos, el de ciencia ficcion
ANY
MY CAR´S GLOVE COMPARTMENT SOME

(hablo del compartimento de guantes de mi auto) NO

s Ray Bradbury) PETER´S FRIEND´S CAR`S SPORTS WHEELS BACK

(hablo de las ruedas deportivas del auto del amigo de Peter) UP

FIRST WORLD ALL TERRAIN CAR SPORTS WHEELS FORWARD

llantas deportivas de autos todo terreno del primer mundo BACKWARD

FIRST WORLD CAR ALL TERRAIN SPORTS WHEELS
llantas deportivas todo terreno de auto (para auto) del primer mundo FORE
FIRST WORLD CARS ALL TERRAIN SPORTS WHEELS CLOSE

llantes deportivas todo terreno de autos del primer mundo NEAR

ntas "prioridades" …. y asi se va priorizando contextualmente el "juego" de palabras..
(esto se automatiza y "sale" a nivel subconsciente, y a veces si
uno se pone a pensarlo a nivel consciente cuesta más... LEAST
e cartas de baseball de Peter MOST

ón de cartas de baseball de Peter, o sea resaltamos lo bueno que esta esa colección)
ónes de cartas de baseball de Peter (la que esta buenisima), el tambien tiene otras colecciones de cartas de baseball. OTHER

s colecciónes de Peter (la de cartas baseball), el tambien tiene otras grandes colecciones de otras cosas.. ALL

as grandes colecciones de cartas de Peter, la de baseball, el tiene otras colecciones de cartas.

THIS

THESE

RIMONIO INSEPARABLE") SUJETO-AUXILIAR (AUXILIAR=AUXILIARY VERB) THOSE

DO YOU / I DO / SHE DOES / DID SHE / WHAT DID YOU..

PROTAGONIST", ACTIVE PART RED: OBJECT, THE "VICTIM", PASSIVE PART, DIRECT OR INDIRECT

hacer o formular preguntas

reemplazar acciones: Yes I play (YES I DO): do reemplaza a play
quien vino? peter vino (para no volver a repetir "venir" decimos: PETER DID.
ES) O "ESPECIFIDAD AUXILIAR" (WHAT DO, WHERE DOES, WHO DO)

O --SALVO EN HAVE-HAD -"perfectos"- DONDE VA EL PARTICIPIO )

EJEMPLO: DO YOU STUDY ? recordar-

WHAT DO YOU STUDY ? asociar

EL MISMÍSIMO SUJETO (AL NO ESTAR PRESENTE EL SUJETO , NO HAY "MATRIMONIO" SUJETO-AUXILIAR)

UIDO DEL VERBO CONJUGADO: EJEMPLO WHO CAME? (QUIEN VINO?) WHAT HURTS YOU? (QUE TE DUELE??)

A EN LA MISMA POSICION QUE LA REGLA, EJEMPLO : IS SHE FINE?HOW ARE YOU?

ora) una cosa o accion.(puede ser sujeto * -ahí sin auxiliar- u objeto)
ar (complemento (adv) de lugar, adv. of place)
o/frecuencia (complemento (adv) de tiempo, adv. of time)
o estado de ser (complemento (adv) de forma, adv. of manner)
a .(puede ser sujeto * -ahí sin auxiliar- u objeto)
en un universo cerrado del mismo tipo.(puede ser sujeto * -ahí sin auxiliar- u objeto)
ficos (tienen la misma funcion o funcionamiento)
(aux,sub,verb,comp)
YES, I DO. (aux,sub,verb,obj)
ENGLISH (I STUDY ENGLISH)
IN THE PARK (SHE STUDIES IN THE PARK or SHE DOES IN THE PARK)

YES, SHE DID (reemplaza al verbo conjugado

correspondiente)
YES, SHE HAS.

PETER (SHE HAS SEEN PETER or SHE HAS PETER)

 YES, HE DOES

YES, SHE IS
IN THE KITCHEN (I AM IN THE KITCHEN)

EVERYDAY (I WATCH TV EVERYDAY of I DO EVERYDAY)

YES, HE HAS

LE ENGLISH CONJUGATION RULES-

3ª PERSONA
(he she it)
onjugacion del inglés- DOES
IS
COMPLEMENTS: HAS
(IN UNDERLINED BLACK REGULAR FONT) .-s
(en letra negra SUBRAYADA) son por ej. : recordar-
adv.:(lugar, tiempo, forma, etc) asociar
e.g: in the park, with her friends .-ed
for her birthday, good (the boy (irregular
is good; );well: he plays very well, etc verbs):
ate
went
gave
 .. as a determiner.
THE: definite el,lo,los,la,las,
A / AN: indefinite un,una
DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES

THAT este,esto/a // ese/a eso/a aquel

THOSE aquellos/as esos/as

modify verbs relacion entre union action or persons places

(adj &adv) dos palabras connecting state of being objects conditions

ADVERBS PREPOSITIONS CONJUNCTIONS VERBS NOUNS

FAST-SLOWLY WITH AND GO CAR

HARD-SOFTLY AT OR BE HOUSE
OF NOR WORK FATHER

TERRIBLY UNDER WHETHER COOK APPLE

BELOW IF LOVE
TO TO BECAUSE FRINDLYNESS

IN-OUT IN -OUT WHEREAS

ON -OFF ON -OFF INASMucH

ONLY ONLY

EITHER EITHER ALTHOUGH

BUT BUT BUT

BEFORE BEFORE BEFORE

AFTER AFTER AFTER

WITHOUT WITHOUT WITHOUT

THROUGH THROUGH PROVIDED

THEN THEN UNLESS

PLUS PLUS

AROUND AROUND

AROUND AROUND

INSIDE INSIDE

OUTSIDE OUTSIDE

DOWN DOWN

MUCH FOR FOR

LITTLE NOW NOW

LESS LESS LESS

MORE

FOLLOWING WHILE WHILE

WHERE WHERE

WHEN WHEN

ALONE UNTIL-TILL UNTIL-TILL

ABOVE THAN THAN

ALSO UNDER LEST

WHENEVER WHENEVER

WHEREVER WHEREVER

YET YET

BETWEEN BETWEEN SO

ACROSS

WHAT WHAT

OVER OVER

AGAIN EXCEPT EXCEPT

WHY WHY

HOW LIKE LIKE

ALONG ALONG

ALONE ALONE

BENEATH BENEATH

UNDERNEATH UNDERNEATH

SAME

INSTEAD BESIDE

BESIDES BESIDES

BEHIND BEHIND

INDOORS

OUTDOORS

HOWEVER HOWEVER

NOTWITHSTAND NOTWITHSTANDING

THOUGH THOUGH

AS AS

AGO

JUST

STILL

ANYWAY

SINCE SINCE

SUCH

THEREFORE

APART APART

ONCE ONCE

THROUGHOUT THROUGHOUT

ANY

SOME

NO

BACK

UP

FORWARD

BACKWARD

BACKWARDS

FORE

CLOSE

NEAR NEAR

BEYOND BEYOND

ALWAYS

LEAST
MOST

WITHIN WITHIN

OTHER

ALL

THAT THAT

THIS

OFTEN

SOMETIMES

ABOUT ABOUT

AFTERWARDS

EVER

NEVER

ABACK

SELDOM

OFTENTIMES

TOO

USUALLY

HERE

THERE

NEVERTHELESS

NONETHELESS

RATHER

MOREOVER

FURTHERMORE

LIKEWISE

FORTH

MAYBE

PERHAPS

INDEED

YES

ASIDE

FURTHERMORE

AMONG

EACH

SUBSEQUENTLY

CONSEQUENTLY

SOMEWHERE

ANYWHERE

SOMEHOW

ANYHOW
 VERB + VERB

.+ INFINITIVE (TO)

I MANAGEd TO STUDY

VERB TO VERB
SUBJECT
I WANT TO PLAY

VERB TO VERB TO VERB

SUBJECT
PETER WANTS TO LEARN TO PLAY

HAY ALGUNOS VERBOS QUE PERMITEN OBJETOS

VERB TO VERB
SUBJECT OBJECT

WE WANTED OUR TEACHER TO ACCEPT

VERB TO VERB
SUBJECT OBJECT

OUR MOTHERFORCED US TO PLAY IN THE PARK

VERB TO VERB TO VERB

SUBJECT OBJECT

OUR TEACHER NEEDS US TO LEARN TO STUDY

VERB TO VERB TO VERB

SUBJECT OBJECT OBJECT

HE NEEDS US TO LEARN TO STUDY ENGLISH

VERB TO VERB TO VERB

SUBJECT OBJECT OBJECT ………………..

JOE`S SON WANTED HIS GIRL TO TELL HER DAD TO COME

VERB TO VERB TO VERB

 SUBJECT OBJECT OBJECT

JOE`S SON WANTED HIS GIRL TO TELL HER DAD TO VISIT

(el hijo de Joe queria que su chica le dijera a su papá que nos visite mañana)

VERB TO VERB
SUBJECT OBJECT

JOE`S SON WANTED HIS GIRL TO TELL

(el hijo de Joe queria que su chica le dijera a su papá que pare de
VERB + VERB

.+ GERUND (-ING)

I STOPPED WORKING

VERB VERBing
SUBJECT
I ENJOY PLAYING

VERB VERBing (disfruto ver a mi hijo jugar/jugando)

SUBJECT OBJECT
I ENJOY WATCHING MY SON PLAY/PLAYING
(EN ESTE CASO :"MY SON PLAY" TODO ES UN COMPLEMENTO)
I ENJOY WATCHING THAT
(ES LO MISMO QUE DECIR "THAT" (ESO))
MY SON PLAY=THAT)

VERB VERBing
SUBJECT COMPLEMENT

I ENJOY PLAING IN THE PARK

………………..
 OBJECT COMP

US TOMORROW

TO VERB VERBing
OBJECT COMP

HER DAD TO STOP WORKING TOMORROW

a le dijera a su papá que pare de trabajar mañana)
jugar/jugando)