Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1
1.
2.
1 +
5
=1
x 2 (x 2)(x + 1)
2
(a) Simplify x2 x 6
x 2x 3
2)(x + 2)
x 4
4.
5.
6.
7.
y
y = +x + 3
(i) ff -1(2)
(ii) ff(1).
Core C3
8.
x R, x > 0
1 ,
x3
x R, x > 0.
g(x) =
(i) f(x)
(ii) g(x).
(b) Find the inverse functions f -1(x) and g -1(x), stating the domain and range
of each inverse.
(c) Describe in detail the transformation which transforms the graph of
y = 1 into the graph of
(i) y = f(x)
(ii) y = g(x).
(d) Find the functions fg(x) and gf(x), simplifying your answers as far
as possible.
Write down the domain of fg(x) and the domain of gf(x).
9.
(b) Write the coordinates of the image of point P on each of your diagrams.
10.
(b) y = |f(x)|
(2
(c) y = f 1 x 1
On each of your diagrams, give the coordinates of the images of points P and Q.
Core C3
11.
2 ,
x 1
x R, x 1
(a) Find the inverse function g-1, stating its domain and range.
(b) Show that the composite function fg is
fg: x
11 + 2x x 2
(x 1)2
(c) Find the coordinates of the points where the graph y = fg(x) cuts the x-axis,
giving your answers correct to 2 decimal places.
(d) Find the equations of the two vertical asymptotes on the graph of the
composite function y = gf(x).
Core C3
1
Question
Number
1 a
2 a
b
Marks
(x + 1) + 5
(x + 6)
=
(x 2)(x + 1) (x 2)(x + 1)
M1 (common
denominator)
M1 (numerator)
x + 6 = (x - 2)(x + 1)
x + 6 = x2 - x - 2
0 = x2 2x - 8
0 = (x 4)(x + 2)
x = 4 or x = -2
A1
M1 (expand)
M1 (simplify)
M1 (factorise)
A1
7
(x 3)(x + 2) (x + 2)
=
(x 3)(x + 1)
(x + 1)
M1 (factorise)
A1
( x + 1)
log3 x + 2 = 2
x+2 =9
x +1
x + 2 = 9x + 9 x = 7
8
3x 2 + x + 1
x 2 4 3x 4 + x 3 11x 2 with remainder 4x + 4
p = 3, q = 1, r = 1
M1 (simplify
log)
M1 (remove log)
M1
A1
6
M1 (long div, at
least one correct
step)
M1 A1 A1
4
2x - 1 = x + 3 x = 4
M1 A1
2x - 1 = -(x + 3) 3x = -2 x = - 2
3
M1 A1
4
5 a
y = |x| + 1
G1
G1
y = |x 2|
1
O
x<1
2
B1 ft
3
Core C3
6 a
G1
B1 ft
2x 4 = x x = 4
M1 A1
2x 4 = -x x = 4
M1 A1
(3 3)
(4, 4) and 4 , 4
A1 ft
6
7 a
y = x+3
y2 = x + 3
x = y2 3 f -1(x) = x2 - 3
i
ii
f -1(2) = 1\ f (1) = 2
f -1(1) = 2 \ f (2) = 5
y
M1
M1
A1
M1 A1 ft
M1 A1
G1
B1 ft
y = f(x)
y = f(x)
Core C3
8 a
f (x) > -3
B1
B1 B1
y+3= 1 x =
x
1 f 1(x) = 1
y+3
x+3
M1 A1
A1
y (x 3) = 1 x = 1 + 3 g 1(x) = 1 + 3
M1 A1
A1
Translation vector
3
ii
Translation vector
0
1
3 = (x 3) 3 = x 6 Domain x \, x
1
(x 3)
1
1
gf (x) =
Domain x \, x
=
= x
1
6
1 6x
(
x
)
1 3 3
x
x
fg(x) =
9 a
E1
E1
>0
M1 A1
A1
1, x > 0
6
M1 A1
A1
17
4
8
ii
y
2
10 x
Core C3
10 a
y
Q
y
Q
y=
11 a
2 x 1 = 2 x = 2 + 1 so g 1(x) = 2 + 1
x 1
y
y
x
M1 A1
A1 A1
Domain: x R, x 0
( x 2 1) 1 = 12 (x (x1) 1)
2
2
= 11 + 2x 2 x
fg(x) = 3
11 + 2x x2 = 0
Using quadratic formula, x = -2.464 or x = 4.464
Coordinates: (-2.464, 0)(4.464, 0)
g f (x) =
2
= 22
(3x 1) 1 3x 2
2
(x 1)
M1 (substitute)
M1 (simplify)
A1
M1
M1 A1
A1
M1 A1
M1
x= 2
A1
15
Core C3
Exam-style assessment
2
1.
Trigonometry
(a) Given that cos q = 2 and q is acute, find the value of sin 2q as a surd.
3
2q 1
tan q sec 2q
(c) Prove the identity 1 sincos
4q
2
2.
3.
4.
5.
for 0 - x - 2p.
Core C3
6.
(9 )
sin 2q
tan q
1 + cos 2q
2 tan x
1 + tan 2 x
(12 ) = 2
sin 2x sin x dx
(c) Find the values of x at all the stationary points on the curve
y = sin 2xsin x for 0 < x < 360.
Core C3
Trigonometry
Question
Number
Solution
Marks
1 a
cosq = 2 sin q =
3
5
3
M1 A1
()
b
c
2 a
3(2sin q cos q)
= 5 6sin q = 5 sin q = 5 q = 56.4
6
cos q
M1 A1
M1
M1 A1
1 cos2q 1 (1 2sin 2 q)
2sin 2 q
=
=
sin 4q
2sin 2q cos2q
4 sinq cos q cos 2q
sin q
=
= 1 tan q sec 2q
2 cos q cos 2q 2
M1 (numerator)
M1 (denom.)
M1 (simplify)
A1
11
R=
M1 A1 (R)
92 + 122 = 15
( )
a = cos1 12 = 53.1
9
M1 A1 (a)
B1 ft
B1
M1 A1
M1 A1
x = 17.4, 236.4
A1
Core C3
3 a
M1 (substitute)
M1 (numerator)
M1 (denom.)
A1
2
3cos 2q
q) 3
= 3(1 2sin
= sec2 q 3 tan 2 q
2
2
cos 2q + 1
2cos q
= 3 (1 + tan 2 q) 3tan 2 q = 3 3 tan 2 q
2
2 2
3 3 tan 2 q = 2 tan q + 2 3 tan 2 q + 4 tan q + 1 = 0
2 2
(3 tan q + 1)(tan q + 1) = 0 tan q = 1 or 1
3
M1 (use of
identities)
M1 (simplify)
A1
M1 (equate and
simplify)
M1
A1 A1
tan 2q = 2 tan q2
1 tan q
and tan 45 = 1
B1 B1
M1
A1
A1
16
4 a
M1 (single
fraction)
M1 (identities)
M1 (simplify)
A1
M1 A1 (both)
6
5 a
dy
= 10 sin (2x) 24 cos(2x)
dx
At x = 0 dy = 24, y = 5
dx
M1 A1
( 24 )
M1 A1
y - 5 = -24(x - 0) y = -24x + 5 A is 5 , 0 .
M1 A1
R = 52 + 122 = 13
M1 A1
M1 A1
A1
M1
x = 0.1974 B(0.197, 0)
A1
M1 A1
(5)
24
15
Core C3
6 a
M1
3 3 sin x = 1 cos x
2
2
sin x = 1 = 1 3 x = arctan 1 3
9
cos x 3 3 9
( )
2sin q cos q
= sin q = tan q
1 + (2cos2 q 1) cos q
LHS =
3cos 2q + 3 = sin 2q 3 =
M1
M1
M1 A1
M1 (identities)
M1 (simplify)
A1
sin 2q
(= tan q)
cos 2q + 1
M1
M1 A1 A1
2 sin x
2 sin x
2 sin x cos2 x
cos
cos x
x
=
=
RHS =
2
cos x
cos2 x + sin 2 x
1 + sin 2 x
2
cos x
cos x
(6)
sin p = 1
2
2 tan x
= 1
2
1 + tan 2 x
M1
(12 )
(4)
(12 )
M1 (removing
tan)
M1 (simplify
fractions)
M1 A1
M1 A1
M1 A1
(12 ) = 2
cos2x = sin 2x =
tan 2x
2 tan x
1 tan 2 x 1 tan 2 x
=
2 tan x
1 + tan 2 x
1 + tan 2 x
A1
M1
M1 A1
13
Core C3
8 a
p
4
0
p
4
(cos x - cos3x)dx
dy
= sin 2xcos x + 2cos 2xsin x = 0
dx
M1 A1
4
= 1 sin x 1 sin 3x = 1 1 1 0 = 1 = 2
0
2
3
2 2 3 2
6
3 2
M1 M1
A1
M1 M1 A1
M1 A1
M1 (identities)
M1 (simplify)
A1
M1 A1
M1
A1 A1
[Allow 0 and 360 for sin x. Incomplete list of solutions for cos x
with no incorrect ones scores A1 A0]
18
Core C3
Exam-style assessment
3
1.
2.
( )
3.
(a) Find the inverse function f -1(x) of the function f(x) = 3x-1
(b) The curve C has the Cartesian equation y = 3x-1
dy
By writing lny in terms of x, find an expression for
in terms of x.
dx
(c) Find the exact value of the gradient of C at the point (3, 9).
Find the equation of the tangent to C at the point (3, 9) in the form
y = mx + c where m and c are given to 1 decimal place.
4.
5.
Core C3
6.
B
x
O
1
(a) Evaluate
Sea urchins are being studied and their population P is expected to grow according to
this equation where t is the number of years from the start of the study:
t
4
P = l el t ,
1 + 100 e 4
t . 0.
(a) The initial number of sea urchins is 50. Find the value of l.
(b) Use the equation to find how many years it is expected to be before the
population rises to 90.
(c) Find the rate at which the population is increasing at the start of the study.
(d) What is the limiting value of P as t increases?
Core C3
Question
Number
Solution
1 a
ln (22x) = ln 5 2x = ln 5 = 1.16
M1
A1
log(x + 1) log x = 1
M1
Marks
ln 2
(x)
log x + 1 = 1 x + 1 = 10 2
M1 (combining
logs)
M1
x + 1 = x 10
1 = x 10 x x =
c
1
= 0.462
10 1
M1 A1
ln (2sin xcos x) = 0
M1 (combining
logs)
M1 (identity)
sin 2x = 1
2x = p x = p
2
2 a
M1 A1
11
x = 0, y = 2
B1
2
dy
= 4xe x 2
2x + 1
dx
dy
At x = 0,
= 2 y = 2x + 2
dx
M1 A1
M1 A1
x = 1, y = 4 ln 2
dy
=
dx
1
2x 2
B1
M1 A1
At x = 1 dy = 1 y (4 ln 2) = x 1
M1
y = x + (3 ln 2)
A1
dx
At y = 0, x = ln 2 3 = ln 2 ln (e3) = ln 23
e
M1 A1
12
Core C3
3 a
y = 3x-1
M1 (use of log)
ln y = ln (3x 1) x 1 = ln y f 1(x) = ln x + 1
y = 3x-1
M1
A1
M1 A1
so ln y = (x - 1)ln 3
M1 A1 (y)
ln 3
ln 3
1 dy = ln 3
y dx
A1
dy
So dx = y ln3
= 3x-1ln 3
At (3, 9):
dy
= ln 3(32) = 9ln 3, y = 9
dx
M1 A1
B1
M1 A1
13
4 a
b
M1 A1
M1 A1
B1
M1
t = ln (1.637...) = 24.657...
M1 A1
A1
ln 0.02
M1 A1
20 + 800e0 = 820 C
M1 A1
( 800 )
800
M1
M1 A1
M1 (derivative)
M1 A1
e 0.1t 0 as t T 20 C
M1 A1
10
Core C3
6 a
0
(4 2e x)dx = 4x + 2e x = (4 + 2e 1) (0 + 2) = 2 + 2e 1
0
At A, x = 0: y = 4 2 = 2
A(0, 2)
At B, y = 0: 4 = 2e x x = ln 2 x = ln 2
c
M1 A1
B(-ln2, 0)
M1 A1
dy
= 2e1 At x = 0, dy = 2
dx
dx
M1 (derivative)
y 2 = 2(x 0) y = 2x + 2
M1 A1
At x = -ln 2, dy = 2e ( ln 2) = 4
M1
M1 A1
M1 A1
A1
A1 (soi)
dx
M1
M1 A1
17
t
7 a
le 4
50 =
50 + l e 4 = l e 4
t
2
1 + l e4
100
t
100 = l e 4 at t = 0 e 4 = 1, l = 100
t
M1
M1 A1
4
90 = 100e t 90 + 90e 4 = 100e 4
1 + e4
M1
M1 A1
M1
1
dP = 25e (1 + e ) 4 e (100e )
t
dt
(1 + e 4 )2
M1
25(2) 1 (100)
4
At t = 0, dP =
= 6.25
M1 A1
t
4
t
4
t
4
dt
t
4
t
4
As t , P 100e , so P 100
t
e4
M1 A1
12
Core C3
Exam-style assessment
4
1.
Differentiation
(i) x4e2x
(b) Find
cos x
dy
in terms of y when
dx
(i) x = sin2 y
2.
(iii) sin3 x
(iii) x = ay
x
1 + x2
(1 + x )
dx
x
1 + x2
4.
(2)
(2
(a) Prove that the curve has a minimum value at the point 1 , ln 4 3 1 .
2
(b) The curve intersects the x-axis at points L and M. Show that the x-value for
point L lies between 0.01 and 0.05.
2x 4
(c) Show that xn +1 = 2e n can be used as an iterative formula to solve the equation
2
(2)
2x 2 ln x 4 = 0
(d) Taking x0 = 1, find the values of x1, x2, x3 and x4.
Hence, write down the x-coordinate of point L correct to 3 decimal places.
Core C3
5.
(6
h = 5 + 3 cos p t p
(i) xtan2 x
x 1
(b) Find the equation of the normal to the curve y = ex ln x at the point where x = 1.
7.
8.
t.0
where N is the number of atoms at a time t (years) and where N0 and k are constants.
(a) Initially, there are 500 atoms in a sample of this substance.
Find the value of N0.
(b) It takes 29 years for half the atoms to decay. Find the value of k.
(c) Calculate the number of the original atoms which are left after 100 years.
(d) Calculate the rate of decay (in atoms per year) when t = 100.
Core C3
Differentiation
Question
Number
Solution
Marks
1 a
M1 A1
ii
6x cos x + 3x sin x
cos2 x
M1 M1 A1
M1 A1
dx = 2sin ycos y dy =
1
dy
dx 2sin y cos y
dx = 2y cos(y 2) dy =
1
dy
dx 2y cos(y 2)
iii ln x = yln a y = ln x
ln a
dy
= 1 = y1
x ln a a ln a
dx
ii
2 a
M1 A1
16
M1
dy (1 + x 2) 2x(x)
1 x2
=
=
dx
(1 + x 2)2
(1 + x 2)2
dy
= 0 when 1 x 2 = 0 x = 1
dx
M1
A1
M1 A1
At x = 1, y = 0.5
At x = -1, y = -0.5
A1 (both)
M1 (quotient
rule)
2x(3 x 2)
(2x)(1 + x 2) 4x(1 x 2)
=
(1 + x 2)3
(1 + x 2)3
d 2y
= -0.5 so maximum
dx 2
2
At x = -1, d y2 = 0.5 so minimum
dx
At x = 1,
M1 (dx/dy)
M1 A1
M1 (dx/dy)
M1 A1
M1
As x , y 1 , so y 0
M1 (simplify)
A1
M1
A1 (both)
M1 A1
Core C3
d
0.5
(1, 0.5)
G2
0.5
(1, 0.5)
15
3 a
b
M1 A1
dy 2 2e2x
=
dx
1 + e 2x
M1
At x = 0, dy 2, so y - 2ln2 = 2x y = 2x + 2ln 2
1
1
1
Gradient of normal = 2 y 2 ln 2 = 2 x y = 2 x + 2 ln 2
M1
M1 A1
M1 A1
At Q, 0 = 2x + 2ln 2 x = -ln 2
M1 A1 A1
dx
At R, 0 = 1 x + 2 ln 2 x = 4 ln 2
2
4 a
M1 A1
13
1
dy
2
= 4x = 4x 1
dx
x
x
2
dy
= 0 4x = 1 4x 2 = 1
dx
x
x2 = 1 x = 1
4
2
M1 A1
M1
A1
(2)
y = 2(0.5)2 ln 0.5 4 = ln 4 3 1
M1 A1
d 2y
d 2y
1
= 8 so a minimum
2 = 4 + 2 and at x = 0.5,
x
dx
dx 2
M1 M1 A1
At x = 0.01, y = 1.299
At x = 0.05, y = -0.306
Change of sign indicates a root in the given interval
(2)
(2)
M1
A1
2x 2 ln x 4 = 0 ln x = 2x 2 4
M1
x = e 2x 2 4 x = 2 e 2x 2 4
2
M1
x n +1 = 2 e 2x n
A1
Core C3
= 0.0424...
x3 = 0.03 676
x4 = 0.03 673 = 0.037 (3dp)
M1 A1 (first
iteration)
M1 A1 (second
or other correct
iteration)
A1
19
5 a
b
6 a
h = 5 + 3cos p p = 3.5 m
( 6 3)
M1 A1
cos p t p = 1, h = 8 m
M1 A1
pt p = 0 t = 2
6
3
M1
So 2.00 a.m. is the first time after midnight for this depth to occur
A1 (time must
be given)
M1
() (
dh = 3 p sin p t p
6
6
3
dt
d
h
1
When t = 3, = p m/hr
dt
4
ii
M1 A1
9
M1 A1
dy e x
=
+ e x ln x
dx
x
At x = 1, dy = e, y = 0
dx
y = 0 = 1 (x 1) y = 1 (x 1)
e
e
M1
M1 A1
M1
M1 A1
M1 A1
10
dy
= 2e2x cos x e2x sin x
dx
At dy = 0, e2x(2 cos x sin x) = 0
dx
M1
M1 A1
x = 0 y = 1, dy = 2
M1
y 1 = 2(x - 0) y = 2x + 1
When y = 0, x = -0.5 so Q(-0.5, 0)
M1 A1
M1 A1
M1 A1
M1
M1 A1
P(0, 1), Q
7 a
dx
1 , 0 , R(1.3, 3.6)
2
M1
M1
M1 A1
17
Core C3
500 = N 0e k 0 N 0 = 500
M1 A1
M1
M1 A1
M1 A1
dN = 11.95e0.0239t
dt
At t = 100, dN = 1.095
dt
M1
M1
A1
8 a
10
Core C3
Exam-style assessment
5
1.
Iterative methods
2.
(a) The equation 2x3 - 5x - 4 = 0 has one real root. Show by calculation
that this root lies between 1 and 2.
(b) Show that xn +1 =
(a) Show that there is a root of the equation ln x 1 x = 0 in the interval [1, 2].
4
1x
e4 n
ln x 1 x = 0
4
(c) Taking x0 = 1.5, find the values of x1, x2, x3 and x4 to 5 decimal places.
Hence, give the solution of the equation ln x 1 x = 0 correct to 3 decimal places.
4
4.
(a) Given that f(x) = x3 + x2 - 3x 9, show that the equation f(x) = 0 has root
in the interval [2, 3].
(b) Show that xn = 3xx ++ 19 , xn -1 can be used as an iterative formula to
solve the equation f(x) = 0.
(c) Taking x0 = 1, find the values of x1, x2, x3, x4 and x5 to 4 decimal places.
Hence, write down the solution of f(x) = 0 correct to 2 decimal places.
(d) Find a negative value of x0 (other than x = -1) which does not give a valid
value for x1.
Give a reason for your choice.
Core C3
5.
Show that the equation f(x) = 0 has a root in the interval [1, 2].
(b) Show that the iterative formula xn +1 =
solve the equation f(x) = 0.
xn + 4
, x 0 can be used to
xn
(c) Taking x0 = 1.5, find the values of x1, x2, x3 and x4 to 4 decimal places.
Hence, write down a solution of the equation f(x) = 0 to 2 decimal places.
6.
y = f(x)
Core C3
5
Question
Number
Iterative methods
Solution
Marks
1 a
y = ex
y
5
G2
1
5
y = 5 x2
E1
x = 1 e1 + 12 5 = e 4 (negative)
x = 2 e2 + 22 5 = e2 1 (positive)
M1
A1
M1 M1
A1
8
2 a
x = 1, 2x3 5x 4 = -7
x = 2, 2x3 5x 4 = 2
Change of sign indicates a root in the interval given.
2x 3 = 5x + 4 x =
5 x + 2 so x
n +1 =
2
x1 =
5 (1) + 2 = 1.651...
2
x2 = 1.8299
x3 = 1.8734
x4 = 1.88 365
x5 = 1.88 606
x6 = 1.8866
so solution correct to 2dp is x = 1.89
5x +2
2 n
M1
A1
M1
A1
M1 A1
(first iteration)
M1 A1 (second
or other correct
iteration)
A1
9
Core C3
3 a
x = 1 : ln 1 1 (1) = 1
M1
A1
4
4
1
x = 2 : ln 2 (2) = 0.193
4
1
b
c
x
x
ln x = 1 x x = e 4 so xn +1 = e 4 n is iterative formula
1 1.5
x1 = e 4
= 1.45 499
x2 = 1.43 871
x3 = 1.43 287
x4 = 1.43 078
M1 A1
(first iteration)
M1 A1 (second
or other correct
iteration)
A1
so x = 1.431 (3 dp)
d
M1 A1
y
2
y = ln x
1
2
4
1
y= x
4
O
1
10
G2
E1
12
4 a
x = 2: f(x) = -3
x = 3: f(x) = 18
Change of sign indicates a root in the given interval.
M1
A1
x2(x + 1) = 3x + 9
M1
3xn + 9
x 2 = 3x + 9 xn +1 =
is an iterative formula
x +1
x1 =
xn + 1
3(1) + 9
= 2.4495
1+1
x2 = 2.1770
x3 = 2.2110
x4 = 2.2065
x5 = 2.2071 so x = 2.21 (2 dp)
d
x0 = 2 gives x1 =
M1 A1
M1 A1 (first
iteration
M1 A1 (second
or other correct
iteration)
A1
B1 (sensible
value + expl)
11
Core C3
5 a
x = 1: f(x) = -4
x = 2: f(x) = 5
Change of sign indicates a root in given interval as function is
continuous in interval [1, 2]
x 3 = 1 + 4 = 4 + x xn +1 =
x1 = 3 1.5 + 4 = 1.5420
4 + xn
is iterative formula
xn
A1
M1 A1
x2 = 1.5318
x3 = 1.5342
x4 = 1.5336 x = 1.53 (2 dp)
M1 A1 (first
iteration)
M1 A1 (second
or other correct
iteration)
A1
9
M1 A1
y = 0: ex-3 = 2 x = 3 + ln 2 so Q(3 + ln 2, 0)
M1 A1
y + 2 = ex-3 x = 3 + ln(y + 2)
f -1 (x) = 3 + ln(x + 2)
M1
M1 A1
A1 (both)
1.5
6 a
M1
e x-3 - 2 = x2 - 4
e x-3 - x2 + 2 = 0
Let g(x) = ex-3 - x2 + 2
x = 6: f(x) = -13.9
x = 7: f(x) = 7.60
Change of sign indicates a root in the given interval
M1
A1
e x 3 = x 2 2 x 3 = ln(x 2 2)
M1
A1
M1 A1 (first
iteration)
M1 A1 (second
or other correct
iteration)
x = 6.785 (3dp)
A1 ft
17
Core C3
Exam-style assessment
6
1.
Partial fractions
(a) Express
x+5
in partial fractions.
(2 + x)(1 x)
(b) Expand
x+5
as a series of ascending powers of x as far as the term in x3.
(2 + x)(1 x)
(a) Express
x2 + 2
in partial fractions.
(2x 1)(x + 1)2
2
x2 + 2
= 1 (ln 27 1)
6
(2x 1)(x + 1)2
Core C4
6
Question
Number
1 a
Partial fractions
Solution
Marks
x+5
= A + B x + 5 = A(1 x) + B(2 + x)
(2 + x)(1 x) 2 + x 1 x
( 2 ) + 2(1 x)
M1
M1
3!
M1 (simplify)
= 5 + 7 x + 17 x 2 + 31 x 3
A1 A1
16
0.5 + 5
= 4.4
(2 + 0.5)(1 0.5)
ii
5 7 1
+
+ 17 1
2 4 2
8 2
()
()
M1 A1
= 3.90625
M1 A1
M1 A1
4.4
2 a
16
x2 + 2
= A + B + C 2
2
2x 1 x + 1 (x + 1)
(2x 1)(x + 1)
M1
= 1 1 1 x + 1 x 2 1 x 3 + 2 [1 + x + x 2 + x 3 ]
2
2
4
8
2
2!
M1 (correct
form)
M1
M1
A1 (both)
1 dx = 1 ln(2x 1) + (x + 1)1
1
2
1
2x 1 (x + 1)2
1
Evaluating the integral gives: 1 (3ln 3 - 1) = 1 (ln 27 - 1)
6
6
M1 (correct
form)
M1
M1
M1
A1
M1 (use of p.f.)
M1 (integration)
M1 A1 (or
equivalent)
9
Core C4
Exam-style assessment
7
1.
Parametric equations
2.
y = sin t p ,
x = cos t,
-p < t < p.
(b) Show that the Cartesian equation of the curve can be written as
x2 + ( x + 2 y) = 1
2
3.
(c) Show that this tangent also meets the curve at the point (3, 0).
(d) The Cartesian equation of the curve can be written in the form
f(y) = 108
x
Find f(y).
4.
(4)
where p - t - p .
x = t 2 p , y = 4 sin 2t
2r
(144
2
(b) Show that the exact coordinates of the point P where t = p are 7p , 2 3 .
Core C4
5.
The curve C, shown in this diagram, can be expressed parametrically by the equations
x = 4tsin t,
y = 3cos t
where 0 - t - p2 .
y
A
R
x
(a) C cuts the axes at the points A(0, a) and B(b, 0).
Find the values of a and b.
(b) Show that the area of the region R bounded by C and the two coordinate
axes can be expressed as
p
2
y=
1
1 t
dy
(a) Find d and hence explain why the gradient of the curve is negative for all values of t.
x
(b) Prove that the equation of the tangent at the point where t = 1 is given by
2
x+y=4
(c) Find the equation of the normal at the point where t = 1 .
4
4 ,t 1
1 t
(a) Find the values of t which give the points A(1, 4) and B(2, 2) on the curve.
(b) The region R is bounded by the curve, the x-axis and the ordinates x = 1 and x = 2.
Find the area of R.
(c) R is rotated through 360 about the x-axis.
Show that the volume of the solid generated is given by 32p ln 2 1 .
Core C4
7
Question
Number
1 a
Parametric equations
Solution
Marks
x3
4
) (
2
+ y 1
3
y dx =
Area =
a
=4
= 1 (an ellipse)
M1 A1 (or
equivalent)
dx
dq
dq
3(cos q + 1)(4cos q) dq
p
2
=4
p
2
p
2
M1
p
2
M1 (correct
form)
(3cos2 q + cosq) dq
(2
M1 (use of
identity)
M1
dx = sin t, dy = cos
tp
4
dt
dt
p
cos t
dy
4 and at t = p , dy = 2
=
sin t
4 dx
dx
A1
M1 M1
M1 A1
))
M1
M1
M1 (simplify)
A1
8
Core C4
3 a
dx
dy
= 6 cos t sin t,
= 6sec 2 t
dt
dt
2
dy
= 6 sec t = -sec2t sec t cosec t = -sec3t cosec t
6 cos t sin t
dx
(4)
M1 A1
x = 3 cos2 p = 3 , y = 6 tan p = 6
M1 M1
dy
=
dx
M1
y6 =
c
(4)
M1 M1
1
= 4
p
cos
sin p
4
4
() ()
4( x 3 ) y =
2
3
4x
+ 12
M1 A1
M1
M1
A1
108 = 108
x
3cos2 t
M1 M1
= 36sec2t
= 36(1 + tan2t)
= 36 + (6tan t)2
= 36 + y2
so f(y) = 36 + y2
M1 M1
M1 A1
18
4 a
dx
dy
= 2t,
= 8cos 2t
dt
dt
M1 M1
()
()
p
dy 8cos 2t
p dy 8cos 2
so at t = ,
=
=0
=
dx
2t
4 dx
p
2
4
M1 A1
7p
( 3 ) ( p4 ) = 16p 144 9p = 144
y = 4sin ( 2p ) = 4 3 = 2 3
3
2
x= p
M1 A1
M1 A1
M1
( )
2p
dy 8cos 3
6
=
=
dx
p
2p
3
2
y 2 3 = 6 x 7p
p
144
A1
M1
2
p y 2 3p = 6x + 42p
M1
144
2
p y + 6x = 42p + 2 3p
144
p
2
p
4
2t 4sin 2t dt = 8
p
2
p
4
so
2
k = 7p + 2 3p
24
tsin 2t dt
p
2
p
4
2
8 1 t cos 2t p + 4
2
A1
M1
M1
A1 (first part)
M1 A1
(second part)
A1
19
Core C4
5 a
x = 0, t = 0, y = 3 so A(0, 3)
M1 A1
M1 A1
M1
p
2
p
2
M1
0 p
=6
M1
A1
=6
p
2
2
6 1 t 2 1 cos 2t + 6
2
2
0
p
2
t cos 2t dt
M1 A1
p
2
p
2
6 1 t 2 1 cos 2t + 6 t 1 sin 2t 6
2
2
2
0
0
p
2
1 sin 2t dt
2
2
2
= 6 p + 1 + 0 + 3 1 cos 2t = 3p + 6 + 3
6 a
M1
M1
1 1 = 3p 2 + 3
2 2
4
M1 M1
dy = (1 t)2 = t 2
2
dx
t
(1 t)2
M1 A1
t = 1 , x = 2, y = 2, dy = 1
2
dx
y - 2 = -1(x - 2) y + x = 4
t=
M1 A1
1
4 dy
1
, x = 4, y = ,
=
4
3 dx
9
M1 M1
A1
y 4 = 9(x 4) y = 9x 34 2
M1 A1
M1
9x 34 2 + x = 4 x = 3 13 , y = 2
3
E1
M1 M1
14
dx = t 2, dy = (1 t)2
dt
dt
M1 A1
y=
15
1 1
x
A1 A1
15
x
(x 1)
M1
y dx =
Area =
2
u + 1 du =
u
3
1
M1
(1 + u1 ) du = [u + ln u]
3
1
= 3 + ln 3 - 1 = ln 3 + 2
M1 (limits)
M1 A1
22
Core C4
7 a
x = 1, t = 0
x = 2, t2 = 1 t = 1
t = 1 is invalid for y so t = -1
dx = 2t so integral is:
dt
-1
-1
t dt
4 2t dt
=
8
t
1
1 t
0
B1
M1
A1 (must reject
t = 1)
M1
M1 A1
-8
1
1 u du = 8
u
py2 dx dt =
dt
-1
p
0
2
1
( u1 1) du =
(1 4 t ) 2t dt = 32p
-1
0
t
dt
(1 t)2
-1
1
1
(1 t)2 1 t dt
M1
M1 (limits)
M1 A1
M1 M1
M1 A1
1
= 32p (1 t)1 + ln(1 t) 0 = 32p 1 + ln 2 (1 + 0)
2
M1 M1
= 32p ln 2 1
A1
17
Core C4
Exam-style assessment
8
1.
2.
3.
(a) Expand (1 - 2x)-3 in ascending powers of x, up to and including the term in x3.
State the range of values of x for which the expansion is valid.
2
(b) Find the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of (1 + 3x) 3
(1 2x)
4.
(a) Expand
1
, |x| < 1 as a series of ascending powers of x up to and
3
2
(1 + 2x)
4+x
(1 + x)(1 2x)
(c) expand f(x) using the binomial theorem up to and including the term in x3.
Simplify each term as far as possible. State the range of values of x for
which the expansion is valid.
6.
4x 2 + 9
| x | < 1,
2,
2
(2 + x)(1 2x)
4x + 9
C
(a) find constants A and C such that
A + B +
(2 + x)(1 2x)2 2 + x 1 2x (1 2x)2
and show that B = 0
2
Core C4
8
Question
Number
1 a
(9
1
2x) 2
Marks
= 3 1 2x
9
1
2
( ) ( )( )
1 1
1
2
2
2 2x
= 3 1 + x +
2 9
2!
9
= 3 1 x 1 x2 1 x3
3
54
486
1
2
+
( 21 )( 23 ) ( 2 x )
3!
9
M1 (removing
factor)
M1
A1 (first two
terms)
A1 (complete)
M1 A1
6
2 a
M1
nk = 2 k = 2
M1
2!
()
= 2
M1
A1 A1
( 21 )( 23 ) (4)
1
n
(
n
1
)(
n
2
)
3
2
Coefficient:
k =
3!
3 a
=4
4
M1 A1 ft
9
M1 M1
A1 (first two
terms)
A1 (complete)
M1 A1
M1
2!
3!
M1
A1 ft
Coefficient of
x2
M1 A1
9
M1 M1
A1 (first two
terms)
A1 (complete)
M1 M1 A1
M1
A1
4 a
2!
3!
= 1 - 6x + 24x2 - 80x3
9
Oxford University Press 2009
Core C4
5 a
4+x
= A + B
(1 + x)(1 2x) 1 + x 1 2x
M1 (correct
form)
M1
M1
M1 A1 (both)
1
4
4
1 + 3
dx = ln(1 + x) 3 ln(1 2x)
1 + x 1 2x
2
M1 (use of p.f.)
M1 (integrate)
M1 (substitute)
= ln 5 3 ln 1 0
4 2 2
(2 )
= ln 5 2
c
A1
M1
2!
3!
M1
2!
M1
M1
A1 (first two)
A1 (complete)
3!
6 a
M1 A1
17
M1
M1
M1
4 = 4A - 2B
0 = -4A - 3B + C
9 = A + 2B + 2C
Solving system of equations gives: A = 1, B = 0, C = 4
M1 A1 (B) A1
1 +
4
= 1 1+ 1x
2 + x (1 2x)2
2
2
(2 )
(2 )
= 1 1 + (1) 1 x + (1)(2) 1 x
2
2!
+ 4(1 2x)2
2
M1
( )
3
+ (1)(2)(3) 1 x
3!
2
M1
2!
3!
M1
= 1 1 1 x + 1 x 2 1 x 3 + 4 (1 + 4x + 12x 2 + 32x 3 )
2
2
4
8
M1
= 9 + 63 x + 385 x 2 + 2047 x 3
A1
16
11
Core C4
Exam-style assessment
9
1.
Differentiation
2.
3.
( 3)
cos(x y)
1 + cos(x y)
The population of the Republic of Ruritania was 10 million in the year 2000 and
10.4 million in 2002. The population, N million, is predicted to grow according to
N = N0elt
where t is the number of years after 2000.
(a) Find the value of N0 and the value of l to 2 decimal places.
(b) In which year will the population be double the size it was in 2000?
(c) Find the rate of increase in the population in 2010.
5.
A drop of oil falls onto the surface of still water. The circle that it forms has a
radius r which increases over time t according to the equation
r = 6 - 3e-4t
(a) Show that the rate of increase in the area A of the circle is given by
dA = 72p e4t(2 e 4t)
dt
(c) Find A when t = 0 and when t = 14 . Hence, find the average rate of increase
in A, to 3 significant figures, during the period from t = 0 to t = 1 .
4
Core C4
Differentiation
Question
Number
Solution
1 a
8x 3x
Marks
dy
dy
3y + 2y = 0
dx
dx
M1
A1
M1 A1
dy
3y 8x
and at (1,3) dy = 1
=
dx
2y 3x
dx 3
2 a
y 3 = 1 (x 1) y = 1 x + 8
3
M1 A1 ft
2 + 7y + 3y2 + 2 = 0 3y2 + 7y + 4 = 0
M1
M1 A1
(3y + 4)(y + 1) = 0 y = 4 or 1
3
Coordinates are 1, 4 and (1, -1)
3
( )
4x + 7x
A1
dy
dy
+ 7y + 6y = 0
dx
dx
M1
A1
M1 A1
dy
(7y + 4x)
and at (1, 1), dy = 3
=
dx
7x + 6y
dx
y - (-1) = 3(x - 1) y = 3x - 4
M1 A1
16
dy
4
At 1, ,
= 3 = 16 so the gradient of the normal is: 3
1
3
3 dx
16
M1 A1
( )
y ( 4 ) = 3 (x 1) y = 3 x 73
3
16
16
48
M1 A1
3 a
b
14
sin x p = 1 x p = p x = p
M1 A1
y + 1 = sin(x y) + p
M1 (identity)
dy
= cos(x y) 1 dy
dx
dx
M1 M1
Hence
dy
(1 + cos(x y)) = cos(x y)
M1
M1 (factorise)
A1
dx
dy =
dx
cos(x y)
1 + cos(x y)
( )
At p , p , dy =
2 3 dx
( ) = 23 = 3 =
2+ 3
1 + cos ( p ) 1 + 3
6
2
cos p
6
3 (2 3 )
43
=2 33
M1 A1 (accept
other correct
forms)
10
Core C4
10 = N0e0 N0 = 10
10.4 = 10e2l 2l = ln 1.04, l = 0.01961 = 0.02 (2 dp)
M1 A1
M1 M1 A1
M1 M1 A1
M1
M1 A1
4 a
11
A = pr2 = p(6 - 3e-4t )2 = 36p - 36pe-4t + 9pe-8t
dA = 144pe-4t - 72pe-8t = 72pe-4t(2 - e-4t)
M1 A1
M1 A1
M1 A1
t = 0 A = 9p
M1
t = 1 A = 75.3 (3 sf)
4
Average is \ 75.3 9p = 188 (3 sf)
0.25
M1
5 a
dt
dt
M1 A1
10
Core C4
Exam-style assessment
10
1.
Integration
(2 )
5p
9.8696
14.2474
6p
7p
2p
0
(b) Use the trapezium rule with the values in this table to estimate, to
4 significant figures, the value of
2p
(2 )
x 2 sin 1 x dx
(c) Use integration by parts to find an exact value for the area of the shaded
region R in the diagram.
(d) Calculate the percentage error in the value found in part b using the
trapezium rule.
2.
(a) Use the trapezium rule with 5 ordinates to find an approximate value,
1
excos x dx
excos x dx
(c) Evaluate
1
2
x + 4 dx
x(2 x)
Core C4
4.
5.
e 2x
e 1
x
e 2x
ex 1
dx is
dx = 2 (e + 2) e 1
3
cos2 4x dx = 1 x + 1 sin 8x + c
2
16
(i)
p
4
cos 4x dx
(ii)
sin xcos 2 x dx
0
1
6.
4
dx
2
(
x
+
)
3
1
0
y
A
B
O
( )
Find
(a)
xe2x dx
(b)
xe2x dx
Core C4
8.
x=a
y = 1 + ex
R
O
(b) The point A is moving along the x-axis in the positive direction at a speed of
0.5 cm/sec. Prove that the rate of increase in the volume V of the solid at the
instant when a = 1 cm is given by 1 p (1 + e)2 .
2
9.
for p - x - p
2
(b) Find the area enclosed by the graph of y = sec x, the x- and y-axes and
the line x = p .
4
(c) The area described in part b is rotated through 360 about the x-axis.
Show that the volume of the solid which is generated is equal to p.
Core C4
10
Integration
Question
Number
Solution
Marks
1 a
B1 B1
( )
M1 M1
2 4
= 36.48 (4 sf)
2p
c
p
A1 ft
( )
( )
2p
2p
x 2 sin 1 x dx = 2x 2 cos 1 x 2
2 p
4x cos
p
( )
( 21 x ) dx
2p
= [8p 2 0 ] + 4 2x sin 1 x 4
2 p
( )
2p
M1 (first app)
(2 )
2 sin 1 x dx
M1 (second app)
2p
= 8p 2 + [ 0 8p ] + 16 cos 1 x
2 p
M1 (eval)
= 8p 2 - 8p - 16
A1
37.824
M1
A1 ft
11
2 a
0
1
0.25
1.2441
0.5
1.4469
0.75
1.5490
1
1.4687
B2 (one error
scores B1)
= 1.369 (4 sf)
1
c
0
M1 A1 ft
1
e x cos x dx = e x sin x 0
1
e xsin x dx
= e x sin x 0 + e x cos x 0
1
M1 (first app)
0
1
e xcos x dx
M1 (second app)
0
1
M1
M1(eval)
A1
M1
A1 ft
11
Core C4
3 a
x+4 = A+ B
x(2 x)
x 2x
x + 4 = A(2 - x) + Bx
Equating coefficients gives: 2A = 4, B - A = 1
A = 2, B = 3
b
( 2x + 2 3 x ) dx = 2ln x - 3ln(2 - x) + c
M1 (use of p.f.)
M1 (logs)
M1 (correct
form)
M1
M1
A1 (both)
= ln x 3 + c
(2 x)
A1
( )
4 a
( )
M1
ln(u2 + 1) = x dx =
M1 A1
du
e 2x
ex 1
2u dx = 2u du
u2 + 1
u2 + 1
2
2
dx = (u + 1) 22u du = 2 (u2 + 1) du
u +1
M1 A1
M1 A1
2 (u2 + 1)du = 2 1 u3 + u
3
a
M1 (use of new
integral)
M1 (sub back)
3
1
= 2 1 (e x 1) 2 + (e x 1) 2
3
0
= 2 1 (e 1) 2 + (e 1) 2 0
3
M1 (evaluate)
= 2 (e 1)(e 1) 2 + 2(e 1) 2
3
= 2 (e + 2) e 1
3
A1
9
Core C4
5 a
x + c
= 1 x + 1 sin 8x + c
2
16
b
M1 M1
dx
1 u2du = 1 u3 + c
12
4
= 1 cos3 4x + c
12
sin 4xcos2 4x dx =
M1
A1
4
From a: 1 x + 1 sin 8x = p + 0 (0 + 0) = p
16
2
0
8
8
i
ii
By inspection,
p
4
M1 (identity)
M1 (integral)
A1
M1 A1
4
sin x cos x dx = 1 cos 3x
3
0
2
M1 A1
= 1 1 + 1 = 1 2
3 3 12
3 2
3
M1 A1 (or
equiv)
13
6 a
4
0
b
0.5
M1
A1
( 13 ) = 1
M1 A1
7 a
M1
M1
A1
= 1 xe2x 1 e2x + c
2
4
2
Additional A1
4 + 4 or 5
M1
M1
M1 A1
A1
M1
M1 A1
7
Core C4
py2 dx
8 a
=p
(1 +
e x)2 dx
(1 + 2e x + e2x) dx
=p
= p x + 2e x + 1 e 2 x
M1
) (
M1 A1
dV = dV da = (p + 2p ea + p e2a ) 0.5
dx
da d x
= 1 p (1 + 2ea + e2a)
2
dV
1
1
At a = 1: dx = 2 p (1 + 2e + e2) = 2 p (1 + e)2
M1 A1
M1 M1
A1
M1 A1
10
9 a
G2
1
r
r x
2
(
= ln (
= ln
p
4
py2 dx
=p
p
4
M1 A1
)
2 + 1)
2 + 1 ln 1
M1
A1
p
M1 M1
A1
10
Core C4
Exam-style assessment
11
1.
Differential equations
Algae is growing on the surface of a pond. After t days of observing the pond,
the area A m2 of the pond surface covered by algae is seen to be increasing
at a rate which is proportional to A2.
(a) Write a differential equation to model this phenomenon.
(b) When t = 1, a surface area of 10 m2 is covered by algae and when t = 10,
the area covered is 30 m2. Find the area covered by algae when t = 11.
2.
Water is entering a tank at a constant rate of 1 m3 per minute. It is leaving the tank
at a rate proportional to the volume of water in the tank at that moment.
At a time t minutes, the volume of water in the tank is V m3.
(a) Explain why dV = 1 kV where k is a constant.
dt
(c) Initially the tank is empty. When t = 2, the rate of increase of the volume
is 0.1 m3 per minute. Find the exact values of A and k.
(d) How much water is in the tank after 5 minutes?
4.
2
(a) Given that dy = 1 y use the method of separating the variables to prove
dx
1+ x
(x + 1) + 1
Core C4
11
Differential equations
Question
Number
Solution
Marks
1 a
dA
= kA2
dt
B1
Hence, 1 = 2t 29
135
29
270
270
therefore A = 270
29 2t
x dx 2y 2 =
x +1
M1
(1 x 1+ 1) dx
M1 A1 (LHS)
2y 2 = x ln(x + 1) + c
At (0, 4), c = 16 so
3
y2
M1 A1 (RHS)
= 1 (x ln(x + 1)) + 8
2
y3 = 1 (x ln(x + 1)) + 8
2
3 a
b
M1 A1
dV
dt represent the rate of change of volume w.r.t. time 1 represents
E2
M1
1 dV =
dt 1 ln(1 kV ) = t + c
1 kV
k
M1 A1 (LHS)
ln (1 - kV) = -kt + d
1 - kV = e-kt+d = Ae-kt
kV = 1 Aekt
A1 (RHS)
M1 (transpose)
A1
At t = 0, V = 0: 0 = 1 - Ae0 A = 1
M1 A1
M1 A1
M1
k = ln 10 = 1 ln 10
A1
dt
M1 (constant)
( ln 10 ) 5
At t = 5: 1 ln 10 V = 1 e 2
V = 0.866 m 3 (3sf)
(2
M1 A1 ft
13
Core C4
1 dy
=
1 y2
4 a
LHS:
1 dx
1+ x
1 = A + B
1 = A(1 + y) + B(1 y)
1 y2 1 y 1 + y
M1 (correct
form)
M1
A = 1,B = 1
A1 (both)
(1 1 y + 1 +1 y ) dy = ln(1 + x) + c
1
2
M1 (use of p.f.)
M1 (LHS)
Let c = -ln k:
A1 (RHS)
1+ y
ln 1 y + ln k = ln(1 + x)
ln k
1+ y
= ln(1 + x)
1 y
M1 (c)
M1
k 1+ y 1 = x
A1
x = 0, y = 0 k = 1:
M1
1 y
M1
(x + 1)2 =
1+ y
1 y
M1
(x + 1)2 (1 y) = 1 + y
(x + 1)2 y(x + 1)2 = 1 + y
(x + 1)2 - 1 = y(x + 1)2 + y = y((x + 1)2 + 1)
M1
2
so y = (x + 1)2 1
A1
(x + 1) + 1
14
Core C4
Exam-style assessment
12
1.
Vectors
The points P, Q and R have position vectors relative to the origin O given by
5
6
4
OP = 2 , OQ = 3 and OR = 1
0
1
3
3.
Taking O as the origin, the straight line L has the vector equation
1
2
r = 1 + l 3
1
1
and
r = -2i + 4k + m( j - k) respectively.
Core C4
5.
(a) Find a vector equation of the straight line L1 which passes through the points
A(1, 2, -2) and B(3, 0, -1).
(b) The straight line L2 has the equation r = (3 +m)i mj +(2+2m)k
Show that the point A also lies on L2.
(c) Show that the angle q between L1 and L2 is given by
cosq = 1 6
3
(a) Prove that the points A(1, 0, 3), B(2, 2, 2) and C(4, 6, 0) are collinear.
(b) Write a vector equation of the line through point D(-1, 4, 1) in the direction of
-i + 2j - k
Show that the point A lies on this line.
(c) Find the cosine of the acute angle between the vectors AB and AD.
(d) The point E is such that ABED is a parallelogram.
Prove that the area of this parallelogram is 4 5 square units.
7.
Core C4
12
Question
Number
1 a
Vectors
Solution
Marks
4 6 2
PQ = PO + OQ = 2 + 3 = 1
3 1 2
M1
4 5 1
PR = PO + OR = 2 + 1 = 1
3 0 3
M1
PQ =
M1 A1
PR = 11
A1
PQ PR = (2 1) + (1 1) + (2 3) = 7
M1 A1
cos q =
b
22 + 12 + 22 = 3
7 = 0.7035... q = 45.3
3 11
M1 A1
M1 A1
11
2 a
11 46
46
= 0.2667 q = 105.47...
M1
M1
M1
A1
A1
M1 M1 M1
M1 A1
A1
11
Core C4
3 a
4 a
M1
M1 A1 A1
1 x
3 y = 0 x + 3y + z = 0
1 z
M1
M1
2
l = 0 so OQ = 1 and Q = (2, 1, -1)
1
A1 A1
OQ =
M1 A1
22 + 12 + 12 =
2 0 2
QP = QO + OP = 1 + 7 = 6
1 1 2
M1
QP =
A1
44
M1 A1
M1
M1 A1
2
4 + l = m, m = 2 OP = 2 and P = (-2, 2, 2)
2
M1 A1
0
4
4 0
1 1 = 2, 1 = 18, 1 =
1
1
1 1
M1
M1
M1
ii
cos q =
2
2 18
2 + l = 0 so l = 2
If l = 2, y = 1 + 3(2) = 7, z = 1 + 2 = 1
= 1 q = 70.5
14
M1 A1
6
8
OQ 4 , OR 4.5
0
0.5
B1
B1
2 8 10
PR = PO + OR = 2 + 4.5 = 2.5
2 0.5 2.5
M1 A1
2 6 8
PQ = PO + OQ = 2 + 4 = 2
2 0 2
M1 A1
M1 A1 A1
Core C4
PR = 112.5, PQ =
72 PR : PQ = 3 12.5 : 6 2
A1
= 12.5 : 2 2
( 2 ) =
25 : 4
= 5:4
20
5 a
3 1 1
1
r = 2 + l 0 2 = 2 +
2
1 2 2
2
l 2
1
M1 A1
Equating x coordinate: 3 + m = 1 m = 2
This is consistent for y and z
M1
A1
2 1
2
1
2 1 = 6, 2 = 3, 1 =
1 2
1
2
M1
M1
M1
cos q =
d
6
3 6
=1 6
M1 A1
2
2
1
l 2 , CP = 1 + OP = 1 +
1
0
2
M1
2
l 2
1
M1
A1
2
CP is perpendicular to 2 so:
1
1
1 +
2
2 2
l 2 2 = 0
1 1
M1
2
\ (-2 + 4l) + (-2 + 4l) + (-2 + l) = 0 and l = 3
M1 A1
1
3
CP = 1 CP =
3
4
3
M1 M1 A1
( 13 ) + ( 13 ) + ( 43 )
2
= 2
18
Core C4
6 a
Equation of line AB is
2 1 1
1
1
r = 0 + l 2 0 = 0 + l 2
1
3
2 3 3
M1 A1
Using the x value for C, gives l = 3 and this is consistent with y and z.
C lies on AB and thus the points are collinear.
M1
A1
1
1
r = 4 + m 2
1
1
B1
M1 A1
1 1 2
1
AB = 2 , AD = 0 + 4 = 4
1
3 1 2
M1
M1 A1
AB =
cos q =
d
6, AD =
24, AB AD = 8
M1 M1
M1
M1 A1
8
= 2
6 24
3
M1
If cosq = 2 , sin q =
3
5 so Area =
3
24 6 5 = 4 5 units2
3
M1 M1 A1
19
7 a
M1
A1
M1 A1 (both)
1 1
l 2 = 1 +
1 5
1
l 2
1
M1 A1
M1
= 1 + 2l + l 2 + 1 4l + 4l 2 + 25 10l + l 2
M1
A1
27 12l + 6l 2
AR 2 = 27 12l + 6l 2
M1
d(AR 2)
= 12 + 12l l = 1
dl
M1 A1
2
AR = 1 | AR | =
4
22 + 12 + 42 =
21 units
M1 A1
14
Core C4