KOSOVA LANDSLIDE - ATYPICAL SANATION

Abstract
The paper describes the rehabilitation of the main road at
the Kosova site, where due to appearance of the same
th
named landslide in May of 2014 has been significant
damage of the road and complete stopping of traffic.
Thanks to the fact that the landslide in the road zone has
stopped on the terrace of Bosna River, the original
approach to the rehabilitation has been based on the
presence of deposited materials in the toe part of
landslide which presented counter-weight in the bottom
of the slope and imposed as natural rehabilitation
solution. Existing landfill material had been additionally
secured by stone-drainage ribs in function of securing the
shore, landslides toe, roads trunk and slope of the
cutting above the road, and road stabilization was
performed in five lines of insurance.

Key words: atypical rehabilitation, five stabilization lines

Introduction
In the period of extreme rainfall of May 2014 and the
catastrophic floods that have engulfed parts of countries
in the region (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia),
on a slope above the main road M17 between Doboj and
Maglaj, in a place Kosova activated are landslides which
3
launched mass volume of approximately 500 000 m .

Figure 2 Objects caught by landslide

The traffic was completely stopped, and movements on

the road in the longitudinal and transverse direction
amounted to more than 6 meters. The existing reinforced
concrete wall from hill side is broken, partly overturned
and translational "pushed" to 5-10 in the direction of
sliding. Roadway is in the longitudinal and lateral
direction wavy cracked with dismembered and chaotic
skew parts of asphalt.

Figure 3 View on moved part of main road

Figure 1 Landslide shape in relation to M17

Prior state
Detrusive (progressive) landslide caused the destruction
of several buildings in the hamlet Sejmenovii, and toe
part has done a significant damage to a road in about 120
meters.

Landslide stopped on a river terrace under the road, next

to the bed of river Bosna, whichs watercourse is crossed
with limestone outcrops. Terrace and limestone on the
left bank stopped landslide due to the fact that they
practically represent the natural shock absorbers to the
moving sliding body towards the river. They acted
stabilizing, and in equal measure activated were soil
masses deposited along the coastal belt. They represented
"counterweight" to the toe part of sliding body. These
facts determined and focused design solution to
stabilization and rehabilitation of road.

Proceedings of the 2nd Regional Symposium on Landslides, Belgrade, 2015

colluvial type, mainly clayish, debris and fragmented

composition.
Relation of clayish and debris components in in cover are
very heterogeneous, which results in weak geomechanical
properties.
Heterogeneous engineering-geological component of
masses of cover on location, also results in variable
hydrogeological characteristics, so the different porosity
structure defines permeability and function of some parts
of slope above the traffic road.
Figure 4 Landslide stopped in toe

Solution approach
In order of emergent of traffic, intervention approach was
taken to repairmen. Alternative relocation of the road on
the opposite side of the river or circumvent of the
mountain sides, marked an extensive investigation and
preparation of project documentation with the bridge
over the river or high cuts or a tunnel on the hillside,
with an expensive and longtime construction. Therefore,
the rest of the existing road area.

Geological conditions
Wider area of the terrain on landslide location is
composed by Jurassic-Crataceous clastic-carbonate and
Upper Cretaceous carbonate sediments.

Causes of landslide
In circumstances of intense dampening and flooding, and
with elevation of groundwater level (as in May 2014th),
clayey fractions have swollen and turned into liquid state,
unstable state, and debris more permeable fractions have
become corridors for more free turbulent water
flowing, which altogether resulted in activation of sliding
process and apperance of consequent type.
Besides that, by engineering-geological and geotechnical
terrain observations it has been seen that surface
materials are subject to erosion and denudation, and also
with lower saturation turn into liquid state. Therefore,
sliding begun gradually from upper part and spreaded to
lower parts of the slope, all to the road.

Investigation works
In given circumstances are done trial pits under the
traffic and behind the wall. It has been determined that
limestone substrate is on a depth of around 4 m, and in
the zone behind the wall, is clayey debris, clay and rock
fragments, with water under hydrostatic pressures.

Concepts of design solutions

Based on the engineering-geological analysis and
geotechnical observations and the results of research
work analyzed are several possible solutions, namely::

Figure 5 Geological map of wider landslide area

Alluvium river teracce

Globotruncane and rudiste limestones,
calcarenites and cherts (Turon and Senon)
Mainly conglomerates and coarse-grained
sandstones, breccias, marls and massive
limestones
Landslide contour
Immediate geological base, or substrate to landslide is
made by Jurassic-Crataceous clastites on whom are
developed thick surface covers of elluvial-dilluvial and

production of retaining walls (it was not applicable due

to the high force and reliance of walls on piles over long
distances);
anchoring walls (also adversely solution, because the
geological substratum, or solid rock on the hillside lie
deep in the hinterland, and should have a very large
length anchors);
drainage slope (exclusively drainage could not stabilize
the ground, because the slopes in general disturbed
landslide, with reduced geotechnical characteristics) and
combinations of counterweights with rock-draining
ribs.

Proceedings of the 2nd Regional Symposium on Landslides, Belgrade, 2015

The last version was adopted because remaining

counterweight of landfill soils on the terrace stopped
landslide and he emerged as a natural solution. Existing
materials landfill or existing counterweight and road are
additionally secured with three longitudinal rockdrainage ribs in the function of providing the coastal
zone, the foot of the landfill and the slope of the cut
above the road, on which are also applied drainage ribs.

Rehabilitation
Stabilization of the road was performed in five "lines"
with elements of insurance:
1. insurance river Bosna consisted of rockfilling large
blocks of stone resting on a solid limestone (rocky)
surface in the river bed, thus preventing erosion coast;
2. ensuring the landfill on the river terrace is derived with
rock-drainage rib along the foot of the landfill with two
streams of the water, which prevented possibly later
moves of the mass landfill, as counterweight;
3. insurance along the lines of the former retaining wall
was presented with a longitudinal rock-drainage rib for
draining water with three-row concrete gabions over ribs;
4. ensuring the slope of the cutting is achieved by crossdrains whose end parts (as in previous drainage
elements) laid under the existing and potential sliding
surfaces and
5. load of roadway construction resting on mass of
landslide foot is achieved by removing the upper parts of
the landfill and the execution of cross-stone ribs on the
same grids which are laid and ribs on the slope, which
structure has provided roadway as a complete solid zone
of required (large) capacity.

Figure 6 Rehabilitated road

Conclusion
Based on the presented solution, with investment of less
than 1 mil. , rehabilitation and stabilization of road, and
the establishment of traffic was carried out for less than a
month after the occurrence of landslides. Considerable
savings were made with durable functionality of the road.

Reference
Fund of professional-technical documentation, Design&QC Sarajevo
Main design of immediate intervention on road M17-005: Karue
Ozimica, km 9+050 km 9+270 in order to enable road for traffic
on landslide area in Kosova, Design&QC Sarajevo, 2014
Engineering geology, chosen chapters, Baagi M. (2007), Civ. Fac.
Un. Sarajevo, [ISBN 551.1/.4: 624] (075.8), 173 p.
Basic geological map, sheet Zavidovii M 1:100 000, SZG Beograd,
1973
Rehabilitation of main road M17 on Kosova locality,
Engineering-geological-geotechnical terms of rehabilitation,
Report, Design&QC Sarajevo, 2014

Figure 7 Normal cross-section of rehabilitated road