General PATHOLOGY

PATHOLOGY BOARD EXAMINATION
Instructions: Choose the best answer.

1. A 50-year old man has blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg. If this person remains untreated for
years, which of the following cellular alterations will be seen in the myocardium?
A. atrophy
B. metaplasia
C. hypertrophy
D. dysplasia
Answer: C
Reference: RPBD 7th p.7
2. On day 28 of her menstrual cycle, a 26-year old woman experiences menstrual bleeding
which lasts for 5 days. She has had regular cycles for many years. Which of the following
processes is most likely occurring in the endometrium just before onset of bleeding?
A. apoptosis
B. heterophagocytosis
C. liquefactive necrosis
D. hyperplasia
Answer: A
Reference: RPBD 7th p.26-27
3. At autopsy, a 60-year old man has an enlarged (2500 g) liver with yellow cut surface. Before
death, his total serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were normal, but he had decreased
serum albumin concentration and prolonged prothrombin time. Which of the following
activities most likely lead to these findings?
A. playing golf
B. cigarette smoking
C. drinking gin
D. aspirin ingestion
Answer: C
Reference: RPBD 7th p.35-36
4. A 70-year old woman suddenly lost consciousness and on awakening one hour later, she
could not speak nor move her right arm and leg. Two months later, a head MRI showed a
large cystic area in the left parietal lobe. Which of the following pathologic processes has
most likely occurred in the brain?
A. karyolysis
B. fat necrosis
C. apoptosis
D. liquefactive necrosis
Answer: D
6. A 21-year old woman complains of pain during menses (dysmenorrhea). To treat this
symptom, she was advised to take indomethacin. This drug may help reduce her pain
because it interferes with the production of which one of the following substances?
A. bradykinin
B. histamine
C. leukotrienes
D. estrogen
Answer: A
7. What type of leukocyte actively participates in acute inflammatory processes and contains
myeloperoxidase within its primary (azurophilic) granules and alkaline phosphates in its
secondary (specific) granules?
A. lymphocytes
B. neutrophils
C. eosinophils
D. monocytes
Answer: B
8. A 3-year old child touches a lit candle. Within several hours, there is marked erythema of the
skin of the fingers on the childs left hand, and small blisters appear on the finger pads.
Which of the following terms best describe the process?
A. fibrinous inflammation
B. ulceration
C. abscess formation
D. serous inflammation
Answer: D
9. A woman who is allergic to cats visits a friend who keeps several pet cats. During the visit,
she inhales cat dander and within minutes, she develops nasal congestion and abundant
nasal secretions. Which of the following substances is most likely to produce these findings?
A. tumor necrosis factor
B. bradykinin
C. histamine
D. complement C5a
Answer: C
10. After receiving incompatible blood, a patient develops a transfusion reaction in the form of
back pain, fever, shortness of breath and hematuria. Which of the following statements
best classifies this type of immunologic reaction?
A. systemic anaphylactic reaction
B. complement-mediated cytotoxicity reaction
C. systemic immune complex reaction
D. delayed type hypersensitivity reaction
Answer: B
12. A patient presents with a large wound on the left leg as a result of a vehicular accident.
Initially his wound is filled with granulation tissue, which is composed of proliferating
fibroblasts and new blood vessels (angiogenesis). Which of the following is a growth
factor that is capable of inducing all the steps necessary for angiogenesis?
A. vascular endothelial growth factor
B. platelet-derived growth factor
C. epidermal growth factor
D. transforming growth factor
Answer: A
13. A 16-year old patient has lacerations on his hand which required sutures. The sutures
were removed after 10 days. Wound healing continued but the site was disfigured by a
prominent, raised nodular scar which developed over the next 2 months. Which of the
following terms best describes the process that occurred within this 2-month period?
A. organization
B. resolution
C. keloid formation
D. dehiscence
Answer: C
14. A 17-year old woman receiving corticosteroid therapy for an autoimmune disease has an
abscess on her upper outer left arm. She undergoes a drainage procedure but the wound
heals poorly over the next month. Which of the following aspects of wound healing is most
likely to be deficient in this patient?
A. neutrophil infiltration
B. collagen deposition
C. re-epithelialization
D. fibroblast elaboration
Answer: B
15. Which of the following changes best describes the pathophysiology involved in the
production of pulmonary edema in patients with congestive heart failure?
A. widespread endothelial damage
B. decreased plasma oncotic pressure
C. acute lymphatic obstruction
D. increased hydrostatic pressure

Answer: D
16. A 23-year old medical student develops a red face after being asked a question during a
lecture. Which of the following statements best describes the vascular reaction?
A. active hyperemia
B. petechial hemorrhage
C. allergic reaction
D. passive congestion
Answer: A
17. While preparing her lunch, a housewife nicks her finger with a knife. Seconds after the
injury, the bleeding stops. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely to reduce
blood loss from a small dermal arteriole?
A. protein C activation
B. vasoconstriction
C. neutrophil chemotaxis
D. platelet aggregation
Answer: B
18. A 26-year old rock climber fractures his left femur after falling from a height of 20 meters.
He was hospitalized and over the next several days develops progressive respiratory
problems. He died three days later. At the time of autopsy, oil red-O positive material is
seen in the small blood vessels of the lungs and brain. Which of the following is the most
likely diagnosis?
A. air emboli
B. padoxical emboli
C. fat emboli
D. saddle emboli
Answer: C
19. A 23 year old who had a myocardial infarction 1 year a year ago now has chest pain when
exercising. His underlying disease is due to an absence of LDL receptors on liver cells,
inherited as an autosomal dominant condition. Which of the following laboratory findings is
most likely to be present in this patient?
A. ketonuria
B. hypercholesterolemia
C. hypoglycemia
D. abetalipoprotenemia
Answer: B
20. A 20-year old woman of average intelligence and short stature is being evaluated for
primary amenorrhea. Physical examination reveals a shield-shaped chest and her elbows
turn outward when her arms are at her sides. She has a thick neck and you notice the
absence of secondary female sex characteristics. Serum estrogen levels are found to be
decreased, while FSH and LH levels are increased. Which of the following is the most
likely diagnosis?
A. Turners syndrome
B. fragile X syndrome
C. Klinefelters syndrome
D. XYY syndrome
Answer: A
23. A 26-year old woman presents with increasing fatigue, arthritis, shortness of breath, and a
bimalar, photosensitive erythematous rash. Biopsies from this rash reveal liquefactive
degeneration of the basal layer of the epidermis with a perivascular lymphoid infiltrate.
Physical examination shows bilateral pleural effusions, the fluid from which when examined
histologically reveals multiple erythrocytes phogocytized by phagocytic leukocytes. Which of
the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. dermatomyositis
B. systemic lupus erythematosus
C. Sjogrens syndrome
D. rheumatoid arthritis
Answer: B
25. A 36-year old man presents with a new onset of a bulge in his right inguinal area. This
was diagnosed as an inguinal hernia. The resected hernial sac contained some adipose
.
adipose tissue was sent to the laboratory for examination. Which of the following features
should be present to make a diagnosis of lipoma rather than normal adipose tissue?
A. anaplasia
B. fibrous capsule
C. prominent nucleoli
D. uniform population of cells
Answer: B
26. A 23-year old woman has noted a palpable nodule on her neck for the past 3 months.
On physical examination, there is a 2-cm firm nontender nodule on the left lobe of the
thyroid gland. A fine needle biopsy of the nodule reveals cells consistent with thyroid
carcinoma. No other family members are affected by this disorder. Which of the following
is most relevant in the womans past medical history?
A. exposure to polyvinyl compounds
B. chronic alcoholism
C. radiation exposure in childhood
D. history of trauma
Answer: C
27. A 64-year old man has several episodes of hematuria in the past week. On physical
examination, there are no abnormal findings. A urinalysis shows 4+ hematuria and
cytologic examination of the urine shows that atypical cells are present. A urologist
performs a cystoscopy and observes a 4 cm mass with a nodular, ulcerated surface in the
dome of the bladder. Which of the following terms best describes this lesion?
A. sarcoma
B. carcinoma
C. fibroma
D. papilloma
Answer: B
28. A 33-year old woman undergoes an annual physical examination and there are no abnormal
findings. A Pap smear was done as part of the pelvic examination. Cytologically, the cells
obtained from the cervical smear show severe epithelial dysplasia. Which of the following
statements best explains the significance of these findings?
A. The lesion could progress to invasive cervical carcinoma
B. An ovarian teratoma is present
C. There has been a regression of cervical carcinoma
D. Antibiotic therapy will cure the lesion
Answer: A
29. The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics can produce a bleeding diathesis characterized by
hematomas, melena and bleeding gums by decreasing the normal gut flora and inducing a
deficiency of which one of the following vitamins?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin K
Answer: D
33. An apathetic male infant from the slums is found to have peripheral edema, a moon face,
and an enlarged fatty liver. Which of the following is the basic defect causing this change
in the liver?
A. Decreased fluid intake leads to hypernatremia
B. Decreased carbohydrate intake leads to hypoglycemia
C. Decreased caloric intake leads to hypoalbuminemia
D. Decreased protein intake leads to decreased lipoproteins
Answer: D

38. A 5-year old girl developed a rash over her chest that began as 0.5 cm reddish macule.
Within 2 days, the macules became vesicle. A few days later, the vesicles ruptured and
crusted over. Over the next 2 weeks, crops of the lesion spread to the face and extremities.
Which of the following clinical manifestations of this infection is most likely to appear
decades later?
A. shingles
B. paralysis
C. congestive heart failure
D. infertility
Answer: A
39. A 36-year old man with AIDS presents with deteriorating mental status. A spinal tap was done.
The cerebrospinal fluid was stained with mucicarmine and India ink. The mucicarmine stain
reveals numerous yeasts that stain bright red. The India ink demonstrates the capsule of the
organism. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. chromomycosis
B. blastomycosis
C. cryptococcosis
D. cryptosporidiosis
Answer: C
40. A 38-year old man presents with cough, fever, night sweats and weight loss. A chest x-ray
reveals irregular densities in the upper lobe of the right lung. Histologic sections reveal caseous
necrosis surrounded by acid fast bacilli and few scattered giant cells. These giant cell are a
result of fusion together of what type of cell?
A. activated macrophages
B. atypical lymphocytes
C. reactive fibroblasts
D. epithelial cells
Answer: A
41. A 21-year old woman gives birth at term to an infant weighing 1859 g. On physical
examination, the infants head size is normal, but the crown-heel length and foot length are
reduced. There are no external malformations. Throughout infancy, developmental milestones
are delayed. Which of the following conditions occurring during gestation would most likely
produce these findings?
A. maternal diabetes mellitus
B. pregnancy induced hypertension
C. congenital cytomegalovirus
D. erythroblastosis fetalis
Answer: B
44. A 40-year old obese man presents signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia. After appropriate
work-up, he is diagnosed as having type II diabetes mellitus, which is due in part to insulin
resistance, Laboratory evaluation of his serum also discloses hypertriglyceridemia, which is due
to his diabetes. The most common type of secondary hyperlipidemia associated with diabetes
mellitus is characterized by elevated serum levels of which of the following substances?
A. low density lipoproteins
B. very low density lipoproteins
C. chylomicrons
D. intermediate density lipoproteins
Answer: B
45. A 40-year old woman presents with recurrent severe headaches and increasing visual problems.
Physical examination reveals her blood pressure to be 220/150. Her symptoms are most likely to
be associated with which one of the following abnormalities?
A. medial calcific sclerosis
B. hyaline arteriolosclerosis
C. giant cell arteritis
D. Takayasus arteritis
Answer: C

46. A 61-year old man presents with the sudden onset of excruciating pain. He describes the pain as
beginning in the anterior chest, radiating to the back, then moving downward into the abdomen.
His blood pressure is found to be 160/115. Myocardial infarction is suspected but was ruled out
due to normal ECG. An x-ray of the patients abdomen shows a double-barrel aorta. Which of
the following is the cause of the abnormality?
A. loss of elastic tissue in the media
B. congenital defect in the aorta wall
C. abnormal collagen synthesis
D. a microbial infection
Answer: A
50. A 62-year old woman presents with increasing fatigue and is found to have hypochromic
normocytic red cells in her peripheral smear. Physical examination finds her heart rate and
respiratory rate to be increased in frequency. Laboratory examination finds decreased serum
ferritin, the levels of which are inversely proportional to the serum levels of which one of the
following substances?
A. haptoglobulin
B. bilirubin
C. hemosiderin
D. transferring
Answer: D
52. A 21-yearold woman presents with fever, weight loss, night sweats, and painless enlargement
of several supraclavicular lymph nodes. A biopsy from one of the enlarged lymph nodes shows
binucleate giant cell with prominent acidophilic owl-eye nucleoli. Also present are atypical
mononuclear cells that are surrounded by clear spaces (lacunar cells). Which of the following
is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Hodgkins disease
B. reactive hyperplasia
C. cat-scratch disease
D. non-Hodgkins lymphoma
Answer: A
Reference: RPBD 7th p. 686
54. A 6-year old girl accidentally inhales a plastic bead, which lodges in one of her bronchi. A
chest x-ray reveals the mediastinum to be shifted toward the side of the obstruction. Which
of the following pulmonary abnormalities is most likely present in this girl?
A. resorption atelectasis
B. compression atelectasis
C. contraction atelectasis
D. patchy atelectasis
Answer: A
56. While recovering in bed 1 week after an abdominal hysterectomy, a 43-year old woman develops
acute shortness of breath with hemoptysis. Physical examination finds the patient to be afebrile
with moderate respiratory distress, calf tenderness, and a widely split S2. Which of the following
is the most likely diagnosis?
A. atelectasis
B. viral pneumonia
C. congestive heart failure
D. pulmonary embolus
Answer: D
64. A 35-year old man noticed an increased feeling of heaviness in his scrotum for the past 10
months. On physical examination, the left testis is three times the size of the right testis and
is firm on palpation. Laboratory studies include an elevated alpha fetoprotein level. Which of
the following cellular components is most likely to be present in this mass?
A. yolk sac cells
B. Leydig cells
C. seminoma cells
D. cytotrophoblasts
Answer: A

65. A 47-year old man presents with increasing heartburn especially after eating or when lying
down. Biopsies taken approximately 4 cm proximal to the gastroesophageal junction reveal
metaplastic columnar epithelium. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. hamartomatous polyp
B. Barretts esophagus
C. Reflux esophagitis
D. Mallory Weiss syndrome
Answer: B
66. A 20-year old woman with abdominal pain localized to the right lower quadrant, nausea and
vomiting, mild fever and an elevation of peripheral leukocyte count. An appendectomy is
performed. Which of the following is the expected microscopic appearance of this appendix?
A. normal appearing appendix
B. dilated lumen filled with mucus
C. yellow tumor at the tip of the appendix
D. neutrophils within the muscular wall
Answer: D
67. A 60-year old man presents with increasing fatigue. His past medical history is unremarkable.
Physical examination is also unremarkable except for positive occult blood in stool and
microcytic hypochromic anemia. Barium enema study shows a 4 cm mass in the left side of
his colon having an apple core appearance. Which of the following is the most likely
histologic diagnosis for this colonic mass?
A. leiomyosarcoma
B. adenocarcinoma
C. carcinoid tumor
D. squamous cell carcinoma
Answer: B
68. A 48-year old woman with increasing fatigue and is found to have elevated liver enzymes
(AST and ALT). Over the next year, her liver enzymes have remained elevated and all
serological tests for viral markers remain negative. A liver biopsy reveals chronic inflammation
in the portal triads that focally destroys the limiting plate and spills over into the adjacent
hepatocytes. Anti smooth muscle and antinuclear antibodies are present. An LE test is also
positive. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. autoimmune hepatitis
B. primary biliary cirrhosis
C. systemic lupus erythematosus
D. chronic persistent hepatitis
Answer: A
Reference: RPBD p.903
69. A 57-year old male alcoholic with a history of chronic liver disease presents with increasing weight
loss and ascites. Physical examination is unremarkable and fecal occult blood is negative. CT scan
of the abdomen reveals a single mass in the left lobe of the liver. Work-up reveals elevated levels
of alpha fetoprotein in this patients blood. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. angiosarcoma
B. hepatoblastoma
C. cholangiocarcinoma
D. hepatocellular carcinoma
Answer: D
70. According to Courvoisiers law, a pancreatic cancer located in the head of the pancreas
should be suspected in an individual with which one of the following clinical signs?
A. migratory thrombophlebitis
B. obstructive jaundice and a dilated gallbladder
C. steatorrhea and a tender gallbladder
D. obstructive jaundice and a nonpalpable gallbladder
Answer: B
72. A 24-year old woman for a fertility work-up gives a history of severe pain during menses. A
previous physician told her that she may have chocolate in her cysts. Which of the following
will most likely be present in this patient?
A. acute pelvic inflammatory disease
B. metastatic ovarian carcinoma
C. endometriosis
D. subserosal leiomyoma
Answer: C
73. A 22-year old woman presents with pelvic pain and is found to have an ovarian mass that
measures 3 cm in diameter. Grossly, the mass consists of multiple cystic spaces. Histologically,
these cysts are lined by tall columnar epithelium, with some of the cells being ciliated. Which
of the following is the correct diagnosis for this ovarian tumor?
A. serous tumor
B. mucinous tumor
C. endometrioid tumor
D. clear cell tumor
Answer: A
74. A 30-year old woman in the third trimester of her first pregnancy develops persistent headaches
and swelling of her legs and face. Early during her pregnancy her prenatal consultations were
unremarkable, however, now her blood pressure is 170/105 mmHg and urinalysis reveals slight
proteinuria. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. nephrotic syndrome
B. gestational trophoblastic disease
C. preeclampsia
D. ectopic pregnancy
Answer: C
77. A 41-year old woman presents with the new onset of bloody discharge from her left nipple.
Physical examination reveals a 1 cm freely moveable mass that is located directly beneath the
nipple. Sections from the mass reveal multiple fibrovascular cores lined by several layers of
epithelial cells. Atypia is minimal. The lesion is completely contained within the duct and no
invasion into underlying tissue is seen. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. benign phyllodes tumor
B. Pagets disease
C. intraductal carcinoma
D. ductal papilloma
Answer: D
79. A 43-year old man presents with increasing fatigue and occasional headaches. He states that
recently he has had to change his shoe size from 8 to 9, and he also thinks that his hand and
jaw are now slightly larger. Physical examination reveals a prominent forehead and lower jaw,
enlarged tongue, and large hands and feet. Initial laboratory tests reveals increased serum
glucose. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this group of findings?
A. acromegaly
B. diabetes
C. gigantism
D. apoplexy
Answer: A
82.
A 20-year old woman presents with the acute onset of perioral tingling and muscle cramps
involving both of her hands. Physical examination finds an anxious woman with increased
respiratory rate , while laboratory examination reveals decreased arterial pCO2, decreased
bicarbonate, and an increased blood pH. The respiratory alkalosis in this individual caused
tetany by decreasing the ionized serum levels of what substance?
A. calcium
B. sodium
C. magnesium
D. potassium
Answer: A
83. A 56-year old woman presents with increasing muscle weakness and fatigue. Physical
examination finds an obese adult woman with purple abdominal stria and increase facial
hair. The excess adipose tissue is mainly distributed in her face, neck and trunk. Laboratory
evaluation finds increased plasma levels of cortisol and glucose. Which of the following is
the most likely diagnosis?
A. Addisons disease
B. Bartterrs disease
C. Cushings syndrome
D. Conns syndrome
Answer: C
86.
A 6-year old boy presents with clumsiness, a waddling gait, and difficulty climbing steps. Physical
examination reveals that the boy uses his arms and shoulders to rise from the floor or a chair.
Additionally, his calves appear to be somewhat larger than normal. Which of the following is the
most likely diagnosis?
A. myotonic dystrophy
B. Duchennes muscular dystrophy
C. polymyositis
D. inclusion body myositis
Answer: B
87. A 61-year old woman presents with difficulty swallowing, ptosis, and diplopia. Which of the
following is the most likely cause of this womans disease:
A. Rhabdomyolysis
B. Lack of lactate production during ischemic exercise
C. Antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor
D. Corticosteroid therapy
Answer: C
89. A 74-year old man with a slowly growing, ulcerated lesion located on the pinna of his left ear.
The lesion is excised, and histologic sections reveal infiltrating groups of cells in the dermis.
These cells have eosinophilic cytoplasm, intercellular bridges, and intracellular keratin formation.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
B. Merkel cell carcinoma
C. basal cell carcinoma
D. squamous cell carcinoma
Answer: D
92. A 62-year old woman notices a lump on the left side of her face that has become larger
over the past year. On physical examination, a 4 to 5 cm firm, mobile, painless mass is
palpable in he region of the left parotid gland, The oral mucosa appears normal. The
patient does not complain of difficulty in chewing food or talking. Which of the following
conditions is most likely to account or these findings?
A. pleomorphic adenoma
B. Sjogren syndrome
C. sialolithiasis
D. mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Answer: A
95. A 22-year old male gets hit on the head by a hard object in the temporal area. He does not
lose consciousness but afterwards develops a slight headache. He is not taken to the hospital.
By evening he develops severe headache with vomiting and confusion. He was then brought to
the hospital and was assessed as having an epidural hematoma. Which of the following is most
likely present in this individual?
A. Transection of a branch of the middle meningeal artery
B. Bleeding from torn bridging veins
C. Rupture of a preexisting berry aneurysm
D. Cortical bleeding opposite point of traumatic injury
Answer: A
96. A 47-year old man presents with weakness and cramping that involves both hands. Physical
examination reveals atrophy of the muscles of both hands, hyperactive reflexes and muscle
fasciculations involving the arms and legs and positive Babinski reflex. Sensation appears
to be normal in both arms and legs. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Guillain-Barre syndrome
B. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
C. Huntingtons disease
D. Metachromatic leukodystrophy
Answer: B
97. After recovering from a viral respiratory infection, a 22-year old woman presents with weakness
in her distal extremities that rapidly ascends to involve proximal muscles. Physical examination
examination reveals absent deep tendon reflexes, and a lumbar puncture the CSF protein to be
increased, but very few cells are present. A biopsy of a peripheral nerve reveals inflammation and
demyelination. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Brown-Sequard syndrome
B. syringomyelia
C. Gullain-Barre syndrome
D. diabetes melitus
Answer: C
98. A 22-year old man has a mild pharyngitis followed a few days later by sudden onset of a severe
headache. Physical examination shows nuchal rigidity. His temperature is 38.8C. The gross
appearance of his brain shows extensive purulent exudate covering the brain convexities. Which
of the following is most likely to be the etiologic agent?
A. Cryptococcus neoformans
B. Neisseria meningitidis
C. Poliovirus
D. Toxoplasma gondii
Answer: B
99. A 51-year old man with acute psychosis has a long history of alcoholism. He keeps on
talking nonsense and is unable to follow simple commands. There is also paralysis of
the lateral rectus muscle. A deficiency of which of these nutrients is most likely the cause
of these findings?
A. thiamine
B. niacin
C. cobalamin
D. riboflavin
Answer: A
100. Carpal tunnel syndrome, produced by damage to or pressure on the median nerve deep to
the flexor retinaculum, is best characterized by which one of the following clinical signs?
A. Numbness in the fifth finger and medial portion of the ring finger
B. Pain in thumb, index finger, middle finger and lateral half of ring finger
C. Adduction, extension and internal rotation of upper limb
D. Weakness of extensors of wrist and fingers
Answer: B
Reference: Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease 7th Edition

1.
A5yearoldmalechildpresentedwithstrabismus,poorvisionandwhitishhueto
the pupil of the left eye. Enucleation was done and biopsy revealed Flexner
Wintersteinerrosettes.Whatisthediagnosis?
(Robbins5theditionp461)
a. retinoblastoma
b. paraganglioma
c. melanoma
d. immatureteratoma
10
2.
A 54year old male was brought to the emergency room due to massive
hemoptysis. CXR showed apical lesion in the right lung. The following are
histologicfeaturesofthisdiseaseentityEXCEPT:(Robbins5theditionp81)
a. centralcaseousnecrosis
b. langhanstypegiantcells
c. concentriccalcificconcretion
d. noneoftheabove
3.
A 70year old male died of myocardial infarction. Autopsy was done and
microscopicfindingsofthemyocardiumrevealedcoagulativenecrosiswithloss
ofnucleiandstriationsofthecells.Howoldisthelesion?(Robbins5thedp536)
a. 1824hrs
b. 412hrs
c. 2472hrs
d. 37days
4.
Histologicsectionsoftheperipherallungmassofa60yearoldfemaleshowed
distinctive, tall, columnar to cuboidal epithelial cells that line up along alveolar
septa and project into the alveolar spaces in numerous branching papillary
projections.Whatisthediagnosis?(Robbins5thedp726)
a. smallcellcarcinoma
b. squamouscellcarcinoma
c. bronchioalveolarcarcinoma
d. largecellcarcinoma
5.
A35yearoldmalehadbeenhavingonandoffupperabdominaldiscomfortand
vomiting for 1 year. EGD showed red gastric mucosa. Biopsy was done which
revealed inflammatory cells within the lamina propria and beginning atrophy of
the glandular structures. The following are major etiologic associations of this
diseaseexcept:(Robbins5thed.p771)
a. alcoholconsumptionandcigarettesmoking
b. immunologic
c. chronicinfection
d. noneoftheabove
6.
A50yearoldfemalepresentedwithdiarrheaandweightlossfor5years.Punch
biopsyofthesmallintestineshowedmucosaladenwithdistendedmacrophages
inthelaminapropria.ThemacrophagescontainPAS(+)granulesandrodshaped
bacillibyelectronmicroscopy.Whatisthediagnosis:(Robbins5thedp799)
a. tropicalsprue
b. whipplesdisease
c. celiacsprue
d. disaccharidasedeficiency
7.
A 4year old male with nonhodgkins lymphoma presented with paraaotic

lymphadenopathyandsplenicmass.Whatisthestageofthedisease?(Robbins5th
edp643)
a. stageI
b. stageII
c. stageIII
d. stageIV
8.
A 40year old female presented with a 4 cm fixed right breast mass associated
withmovableaxillarynodes.Whatisthestageofthedisease?(Robbins5thedp
1107)
a. stageI
b. stageII
c. stageIII
d. stageIV
11
9.
A 45 y/o female has a history of regular oral contraceptive intake. She has a
higher risk of developing this tumor compared to nonusers. ( Robbins 5th ed
p.416)
a. Hepaticadenoma
b. Ovariancarcinoma
c. Endometrialcarcinoma
d. Pancreaticadenoma
10.
A27y/omalewithfeverandleokocytosisexpiredandwassentforautopsy.One
of the gross finding included multiple pale, wedgeshaped infarcts all over the
spleen.Themostlikelydiagnosisis:(p.572576).
a. Metastaticcarcinoma
b. Disseminatedhistoplasmosis
c. Infectiveendocarditis
d. Hodgkinslymphoma
CELLINJURYANDADAPTATION
1. Psammomabodiesarefociofdystrophiccalcificationseeninwhichcondition?
A.multiplemyelomaofbone
B.papillarythyroidcarcinoma
C.parathyroidadenoma
D.Pagetdisease
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page41
2. Theseareeosinophiliccytoplasmicinclusionsseeninalcoholicliverdisease.
A.Amyloid
B.Mallorybodies
C. Russelbodies
D.Kimurabodies
3. Whichofthefollowingisafeatureofnecrosis?
A.reducedcellsize
B.intactcellularcontents
C. intactplasmamembrane
D.karyolysis
4. A40yearoldmalecomplainsofchroniccoughandweightloss.CXRshowsan
illdefinedmassalongtheapexofbothlobes.SputumAFBwaspositive.Biopsy
ofthelungmostlikelyrevealwhichofthefollowing:
A.liquifactivenecrosis
B.coagulativenecrosis
C.caseationnecrosis
D.tumornecrosis
5. Whichofthefollowingischaracteristicofapoptosis?
A.absenceofinflammation
B.affectsnumerouscellsatatime
C.cellswelling
D.leakingofenzymes
6. Whichischaracteristicofirreversibleinjury?
A.cellswelling
B.fattychange
C.surfaceblebs
D.cellmembranedefects
ACUTEANDCHRONICINFLAMMATION
7. Whichofthefollowingsubstancesmaycauseedemaduringinflammation?
A.histamine
B.C5a
C.interleukine1
D.TNF
12
8. Thisisknownasthemembraneattackcomplex.
A.C3b
B.C67
C.C5b9
D.C1b3
9. Whichofthefollowingwhitebloodcellspredominatewithin6to24hrsafter
tissueinjury?
A.macrophage
B.basophils
C.neutrophils
D.lymphocytes
10. Typeofinflammationinducedbyindigestibleforeignbodies.
A.serous
B.granulomatous
C.suppurative
D.fibrinous
11. Centralactorsinchronicinflammation.
A.neutrophils
B.lymphocytes
C.macrophages
D.eosinophils
12. Thehallmarkofacuteinflammationis:
transientvasoconstriction
B.vasodilation
C. increasedvascularpermeability
D.slowingofcirculation
WOUNDHEALINGANDTISSUEREPAIR
13. Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofwoundhealingbyprimaryintention?
A.compoundfracturefixation
B.fistularepair
C.endoscopicsurgery
D.abscessdrainage
14. Awoundwillattainmaximumstrengthatwhattime?
A.2weeks
B.1month
C.3months
D.6months
15. Reductioninsizeoflargewoundsisattributedtowhichofthefollowing?
A.fibrosis
B.tissueremodeling
C.contraction
D.reepithelialization
16. Inadequateformationofgranulationtissueorscarcanleadtowhichofthe
following?
A.ulcer
B.keloid
C.contracture
D.granuloma
17. Thisisthemostabundantglycoproteininbasementmembrane.
A.elastin
B.laminin
C.proteoglycan
D.fibronectin
18. Thisisapotentangiogenicgrowthfactor.
A.Epidermalgrowthfactor
B.plateletderivedgrowthfactor
C.fibroblastgrowthfactor
D.transforminggrowthfactor
th
Ref.Robbins7 ed.Page111
13
FLUIDANDHEMODYNAMICDISORDERS
19. A40yearoldchronicalcoholiccomplainsofeasyfatigabilityandorthopneaat
night.CXRshowedbilateralpleuraleffusionwhileabdominalultrasoundshowed
asciteswithsmallliver.Whatisthemechanismofeffusion?
A.increasedhydrostaticpressure
B.decreasedplasmaoncoticpressure
C.lymphaticobstruction
D.inflammationofmembranes
20. A70yearoldmaleafterspendingamonthinthehospitalconfinedtoawheel
chairduetoarthritis,suddenlyexperiencesdifficultyofbreathingafterwalking
onhisown.Whatisthemostlikelydiagnosis?
A.pulmonaryembolism
B.oldage
C.sepsis
D.bronchopneumonia
21. Anarterialthromboemboliismostlikelytoproduceahemorrhagicinfarctinwhich
organ?
A.kidney
B.liver
C.lungs
D.bone
22. TheserumAST&ALTareobservedtobeincreasingina61y/omanoverthe
pastwk.Healsohasincreasinglowerlegswellingw/grade2+pittingedema
totheknees.Hehasprominentjugularvenousdistentioninneckveinstothe
levelofthemandible.W/coftheff.,underlyingconditionsishemostlikelyto
have,ifthegrossappearanceofthelivershows"nutmeg"pattern?
A.portalveinthrombosis
B.chronichepatitis
C.congestiveheartfailure
D.bileductobstruction
23. Virchowstriad(factorsfavoringthrombosis)includesw/coftheff.?
A. leukocytosis,thrombocytosis,&erythrocytosis
B. occultcancer,heartfailure,&jaundice
C. hyperglycemia,hyperlipidemia,&hypertension
D. stasis,vascularinjury,&hypercoagulability
24. A32yearoldmaleexperienceddifficultyofbreathingandedemaofthelungs
afterbeinginjectedwithanewantibioticdrug.Helaterlostconsciousnessand
hisBPrapidlydeclined,andlaterwentintoshock.Thisisduetowhichofthe
following?
A.hemorrhage
B.anaphylactic
C.idiopathic
D.sepsis
IMMUNESYSTEM
25. Thisantibodymediateshypersensitivityreactionsandismostcommonlyfound
onsurfaceofmastcells.
A.IgA
B.IgG
C.IgM
D.IgE
26. SystemicLupusErythematosuscanbeconfirmedbytestingforwhich
antibodies?
A.SSA
B.dsDNA
C.centromere
D.antiGBM
27. Thesecellscanlysetumorcellsorvirusinfectedcellswithoutpriorsensitization.
A.Bcells
B.Tcells
C.NKcells
D.macrophages
14
28. Apatientwithmyastheniagravisdevelopedprogressivemuscleweakness.This
iswhattypeofhypersensitivityreaction?
A.typeI
B.typeII
C.typeIII
D.typeIV
GENETICDISORDERS
29. Deficiencyinhomogentisicoxidaseresultsinthisconditionwhichmanifestswith
blackdiscolorationoftheurine.
A.albinism
B.phenylketonuria
C.ochronosis
D.galactosemia
th
30. Thisisthemostcommongeneticcauseofmentalretardation.
A.trisomy18
B.trisomy21
C.chromosome5p
D.Turnersyndrome
31. A10yearoldfemaleconsultedduetomultipleneurofibromas,cutaneouscafau
laitmaculesandpigmentedirishamartomas.Thisconditioniscalled
A.tuberoussclerosis
B.VonRecklinghausensdisease
C.Marfanssyndrome
D.VonHippelLindausyndrome
Ref.Robbins7thed.Pages168169
NEOPLASIA
32. Chemicalcarcinogenimplicatedinthecausationofmesothelioma.
A.arsenic
B.vinylchloride
C.asbestos
D.nickel
33. Humanpapillomavirustyperesponsibleforcervicalcarcinoma.
A.2and4
B.16and18
C.20and40
D.6and11
34. Mostcommonparaneoplasticsyndromeassociatedwithsquamouscell
carcinomaofthelung.
A.hypercalcemia
B.Cushingsyndrome
C.SIADH
D.carcinoidsyndrome
35. Extremelyradiosensitivetesticulartumorthattendstospreadtolymphnodes
alongtheiliacarteriesandaorta.
A.teratoma
B.seminoma
C.embryonalcarcinoma
D.adenocarcinoma
36. Whichofthefollowingischaracteristicofamalignanttumor.
A.welldifferentiated
B.slowgrowing
C.cohesiveandwelldemarcated
D.metastasis
37. Tumormarkerforbreastcancer.
A.CA125
C.CA153
B.CA199
D.CA201
ENVIRONMENTAL
38. Thisnutrientdeficiencypresentswithmicrocyticandhypochromicanemia.
A.zinc
B.iron
C.iodine
D.copper
th
15
39. Vitamindeficiencyresultsinnightblindnessandxeropthalmia.
A.VitaminA
B.VitaminC
C.VitaminD
D.VitaminB1
40. Injurycausedbyabluntforcethatdamagessmallbloodvessels,usuallywithout
disruptionofthecontinuityoftissues.
A.abrasion
B.contusion
C.laceration
D.incision
41. Chronicingestionofthissubstancebymothersmaycausegrowthretardation
andmicrocephalyininfants.
A.iron
B.lactose
C.ethanol
D.caffeine
DISEASEOFINFANCYANDCHILDHOOD
42. Mostcommoncauseofrespiratorydistressinthenewborn.
A.headinjury
B.hyalinemembranedisease
C.cordcoiling
D.amnioticfluidaspiration
43. Inbornerrorofmetabolismassociatedwithseverementalretardationandstrong
mousyodortotheaffectedinfant.
A.phenylketonuria
B.galactosemia
C.cysticfibrosis
D.tyrosinemia
44. Thisisthemostfrequentchildhoodtumorcausingdeathinchildrenyoungerthan
15yearsold.
A.astrocytoma
B.leukemia
C.neuroblastoma
D.melanoma
INFECTIOUSDISEASES
45. Specialstainusedindiagnosingmycobacteriaandnocardiaeinfections.
A.gramstain
B.silverstain
C.Giemsa
D.acidfaststain
46. Whichofthefollowingorganismscausenecrotizinginflammation.
A.Mycobacteriumtuberculosis
B.measlesvirus
B.Clostridiumperfringens
D.Staphylococcusaureus
47. Pulmonarydiseasecausedbymycobacteriacharacterizedbysmallvisible(2
mm)fociofyellowwhiteconsolidationscatteredthroughthelungparenchyma.
A.cavitating
B.miliary
C.primaryfocus
D.Pottsdisease
48. ThesenodularlesionsarerelatedtodelayedhypersensitivitytoTreponema
pallidum,andaremostcommonlyseeninthebone,skinandmucous
membranesofthemouth.
A.chancre
B.scrofula
C.gumma
D.warts
49. Thisobligateintracellulargramnegativebacteriumisthemostcommon
bacteriallysexuallytransmitteddiseaseintheworld.
A.N.gonorrhea
B.C.trachomatis
C.T.pallidum
D.H.ducreyi
16
CARDIOVASCULARSYSTEM
50. Mostcommoncauseofdeathaftermyocardialinfarction.
A.congestiveheartfailure
B.hypotension
C.arrhythmia
D.myocardialrupture
th
51. A20yearoldmalewithrheumaticheartdiseasesuddenlycollapsedaftera
basketballgame.Whichofthefollowingmayhavecausedhissymptoms?
A.mitralstenosis
B.myocarditis
C.calcifiedaorta
D.mitralvalveprolapse
th
52. Thisisthemostcommonprimarycardiactumorinadults
A.lipoma
B.myxoma
C.angiosarcoma
D.papilloma
HEMATOPOIETICANDLYMPHOIDDISEASES
53. Hemolysisandvasoocclusivecrisisarecommoninthisformofanemiacaused
bymutationofglutamicacidtovalineataminoacid6ofbetachain.
A.thalassemia
B.hemoglobinC
C.sicklecellanemia
D.hereditaryspherocytosis
54. Noncaseatinggranulomatousinflammationinthelymphnodesandskinistypical
inwhatcondition?
A.sarcoidosis
B.tuberculosis
C.histoplasmosis
D.chroniclymphadenitis
55. MostcommontypeofHodgkinsLymphomacharacterizedbybroadcollagen
bandsseparatinglymphoidtissueintowelldefinednodules.
A.Nodularsclerosis
B.Mixedcellularity
C.Lymphocytepredominant
D.Lymphocytedepleted
56. WhichofthefollowingisacommonfeatureofallHodgkinsLymphomas.
A.helperTcells
B.RScells
C.Bcells
D.Langhansgiantcells
th
RESPIRATORYSYSTEM
57. Thistypeofpneumoniaischaracterizedbypatchyconsolidationofthelungwith
fociofacutesuppurativeinflammationthatarepoorlydefinedgrossly.
A.lobarpneumonia
B.lipoidpneumonia
C.bronchopneumonia
D.tuberculous
58. Whichofthefollowingischaracteristicofemphysema?
A.increasednumberofgobletcells B.mucousplugscontainingeosinophils
C.destructionofalveolarwalls
D.chronicnecrotizinginflammation
59. Pulmonaryembolimostoftenoriginatefromwhichsite?
A.rightatrium
B.leg
C.aorta
D.leftventricle
17
60. ThisisthemostfrequentprimarylungtumorinmenandassociatedwithPTH
secretion.
A.adenocarcinoma
B.carcinoid
C.squamouscellcarcinoma
D.smallcellcarcinoma
61. Atheroscleroticchangesinthepulmonaryarteriesaregenerallyindicativeofthis
condition.
A.drugabuse
B.hypertension
C.embolism
D.amyloidosis
KIDNEYANDURINARYSYSTEM
62. MostcommonWHOclassofLupusNephritis.
A.nolesions
B.mesangial
C.focalsegmental
D.diffuseproliferative
63. A2yearoldboypresentedwithalargewellcircumscribedabdominalmass
involvingbothkidneys.Microscopicexaminationrevealsepithelialtissues,
blastemaandmesenchymaltissues.Thesearediagnosticofwhichofthe
following?
A.Oncocytoma
B.WilmsTumor
C.mesoblasticnephroma
D.Neuroblastoma
th
Ref.Robbins7 ed.Pages504506
64. A55yearoldmalepresentingwithhematuria,flankpainandabdominalmass.
Grossfindingsshowagoldenyellowtumorwithhemorrhageandnecrosis.
Microscopically,thetumorcellsarelarge,withopticallyclearcytoplasm.Whatis
themostlikelydiagnosis?
A.Renalcellcarcinoma
B.Wilmstumor
C.Pheochromocytoma
D.Adenoma
65. WhichofthefollowingtestsismostvaluableinconfirmingGoodpastures
syndrome?
A.diffuselinearstainingofGBMwithIgG
B.granularlumpybumpydepositsofIgG
C.urinecultureforresistantE.coli
D.diffusethickeningofGBMonelectronmicroscopy
GIT,LIVER,PANCREAS
66. Thesearelinearlacerationsoccurringalongthegastroesophagealjunctiondue
tofitsofvomitinginalcoholics.
A.esophagealvarices
B.MalloryWeisstears
C.Shatzkisrings
D.Zenkersdiverticula
th
67. Thesearegastriculcersassociatedwithextensiveburns.
A.decubitusulcers
B.pepticulcers
C.Curlingsulcers
D.steroidulcers
68. Thisisasolitarycongenitalmalformationinthesmallbowelduetopersistenceof
theomphalomesentericduct.
A.Meckelsdiverticula
B.intussusception
C.omphalocele
D.duplication
69. A30yearoldScandinavianoftenexperiencesintermittentattacksofdiarrhea,
feverandabdominalpainduringemotionalstress.ExaminationoftheGItract
reveallongitudinalmucosalulcerationsandfistulaswithinterveningunaffected
18
segments.Biopsyshowedtransmuralinflammationandnoncaseating
granulomas.Whatisthemostlikelydiagnosis?
A.Typhoidileitis
B.Tropicalsprue
C.Crohnsdisease
D.Ulcerativecolitis
70. Mostcommoncauseoftransfusionrelatedhepatitis.
A.HepatitisA
B.HepatitisB
C.HepatitisC
D.HepatitisD
71. Whichofthefollowingisoneofthemostfrequentcausesofacutepancreatitis?
A.periampullarytumors
B.thiazideuse
C.trauma
D.alcoholism
MALEANDFEMALEREPRODUCTIVESYSTEM
72. Mostcommontypeofgermcelltumorinmenof3rddecade.
A.seminoma
B.embryonalcarcinoma
C.teratoma
D.yolksactumor
73. Whichofthefollowingconditionsarecharacterizedbypresenceofendometrial
glandsandstromaoutsidetheuterus?
A.adenomyosis
B.endometriosis
C.atrophicendometrium
D.endometrialhyperplasia
74. Thisisahighlymalignantneoplasmcomposedofadualcellpopulationof
cytotrophoblastsandsyncytiotrophoblasts.
A.seminoma
B.completemole
C.choriocarcinoma
D.invasivemole
BREAST
75. Thisisthemostcommonbenigntumorofthebreast.
A.fibrocysticdisease
B.fibroadenoma
C.bluntductadenosis
D.intraductalpapilloma
76. Thesecomprisemajorityofallinvasiveductalcarcinomas.
A.classic
B.tubular
C.cribriform
D.mucinous
ENDOCRINESYSTEM
77. A20yearoldfemalepresentedwithmuscleweakness,weightlossandpretibial
myxedema.Examinationofthethyroidshowa3foldincreaseinsize.AntiTSH
receptorswerepositive.Whatisthediagnosis?
A.Acutethyroiditis
B.Hashimotosthyroiditis
C.DeQuervainsthyroiditis
C.Gravesdisease
78. Fineneedleaspiratesofa40yearoldfemaleshowedatypicalcellswithnuclear
groovesandinclusions,papillaeandpsammomabodies.Whatisthemostlikely
diagnosis?
A.papillarycarcinoma
B.follicularcarcinoma
C.medullarycarcinoma
D.diffusehyperplasia
19
79. Thisisthemostcommonthyroidmalignancy.
A.medullarycarcinoma
B.papillarycarcinoma
C.Follicularadenoma
D.follicularcarcinoma
80. Theseareadrenalmasseswhichinducesmarkhypertensionsecondaryto
catecholamineproduction.
A.neuroblastomaB.adenocarcinoma
C.pheochromocytomaD.myelolipoma
81. Thisconditionfollowssuddeninfarctionofthepituitaryglandafterobstetric
hemorrhageorshock.
A.emptysellasyndromeB.craniopharyngioma
C.SheehanssyndromeD.lymphocytichypophysitis
82. Thisisthemostcommonsecretingtumorofthepituitarygland.
A.prolactinomaB.growthhormone
C.ACTHD.TSH
MUSCULOSKELETALSYSTEM
83. Thisisthemostcommonsofttissuetumorofadulthood.
A.hibernomaB.lipoblastoma
C.lipomaD.histiocytoma
84. Myastheniagravisisanautoimmunediseasewithincreasingmusclefatiguewith
useandocularmuscleinvolvement.Whatistargetedbytheantibodydetected?
A.acetylcholinereceptorsB.glomerularbasementmembranes
C.thyroidstimulatinghormoneD.smoothmusclereceptors
SKIN
85. Thisisaskinlesionpresentingaspearlypapulesoftencontainingprominent
dilatedsubepidermalbloodvessels.Microscopically,theyarecharacterizedby
peripheralpalisadingoftumorcells,withseparationartifactsandstromalmucin.
Whatisthemostprobablediagnosis?
A.squamouscellcarcinoma
B.Pagetsdisease
C.basalcellcarcinoma
D.trichilemmoma
86. Mostcommonformofmalignantmelanoma.
A.lentigomaligna
B.superficialspreading
C.nodular
D.acrallentigenous
87. Severeformoferythemamultiformewithmucosalinvolvement,conjunctivitisand
highfever.
A.Urticaria
B.StevensJohnsonsyndrome
C.xerodermapigmentosum
D.Lupuserythematosus
20
HEAD,NECKANDEYE
88. Thisisthemostcommonsalivaryglandneoplasm.
A.Warthintumor
B.Oncocytoma
C.Basalcelladenoma
D.Pleomorphicadenoma
89. Thisisthemostcommonprimarymalignantsalivaryglandtumor.
A.Adenoidcysticcarcinoma
B.Mucoepidermoidcarcinoma
C.Warthintumor
D.Aciniccelltumor
90. WhichofthefollowingischaracteristicofaWarthintumor?
A.chondromyxoidmatrix
B.sheetsofcellswithclearcytoplasm
C.epithelialandlymphoidelements
D.hyalinematerialinbetweenspaces
NERVOUSSYSTEM
91. ThisisthemostcommonCNStumor.
A.astrocytoma
B.glioblastomamultiforme
C.oligodendroglioma
D.ependymoma
100.Whichofthefollowingisthemostcommoncauseofcerebrovascular
accidents?
A.atherosclerosisB.embolic
C.intracerebralhemorrhageD.subarachnoidhemorrhage
CELLINJURYANDADAPTATION
2.Anincreaseoftissuevolumeduetotheadditionofnewcellsis:
A.anaplasia
D.metaplasia
B.hyperplasia
C.hypertrophy
Answer:B(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter1p6)
Category:Recall
3.Tissuenecrosisfollowingocclusionofitsbloodsupplyiscalled:
A.passivecongestion
C.infarction
B.inflammation
D.thrombosis
Answer:C(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter4,p137)
Category:Recall
4.Thetypeofnecrosisseenintissueinjuryassociatedwithacutepancreatitisis:
A.traumaticnecrosis
D.enzymaticfatnecrosis
B.coagulationnecrosis
E.cellmediatednecrosis
C.caseationnecrosis
Answer:D(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter1,p22)
Category:Recall
ACUTEANDCHRONICINFLAMMATION
21
5. Macrophages are invariably found in abundance in inflammatory reactions. These

are
derivedfromthe:
A.neutrophils
D.endothelialcells
B.monocytes
E.noneoftheabove
C.lymphocytes
Answer:B(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter1p179.)
Category:Recall
6.Thehallmarkofgranulomatousinflammationisthe:
A.epithelioidcell
D.fibroblast
B.plasmacell
E.giantcell
C.neutrophil
Answer:A(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter1p82.)
Category:Recall
7.Thetypeofcellthatisfirsttomigrateintofociofacuteinflammationisthe:
A. plasma cell
D. polymorphonuclear
leukocyte
B.monocyte
E.fibroblast
C.lymphocyte
Answer:D(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter1p57)
Category:Recall
8.Chronicinflammationmostoftencontains:
A.eosinophils
D.lymphocytes
B.neutrophils
E.endothelialcells
C.basophils
Answer:D(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter2,p.79)
Category:Recall
TISSUEREPAIR
9.Inthecourseofcellularrepair,thereofteniscollagendeposition.Thislargelyisa
functionof:
A.epithelialcells
D.malignantlymphocytes
B.astrocytes
E.plasmacells
C.fibroblasts
Answer:C(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter3,p110.)
Category:Recall
10.Oneofthefollowingisincapableofpostnatalmitosis:
A.myocardium
D.fibroblast
B.bone
E.liverparenchyma
C.skinepithelium
Answer: A (Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th ed. Chapter 3, p90
91.)
Category:Recall
11.Thehallmarkoftissuehealingis:
A.granulationtissue
C.granuloma
B.exudation
D.lymphocyteinfiltration
Answer:A(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter3,p.107)
Category:Recall
HEMODYNAMICDISORDERS
12.Themainpathogeneticmechanismofedemaininflammatorydiseasesis:
A.increaseosmoticpressure
B.decreasehydrostaticintravascularpressure
C.lowserumalbumin
D.increasevascularpermeability
E.decreasevascularpermeability
Answer:D(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter4P120)
Category:Recall
22
13.Suddendeathinpulmonaryembolismisdueto:
A.acuterightheartfailure
D.superiorvenacavasyndrome
B.cardiactamponade
E.respiratorydistresssyndrome
C.pulmonaryedema
Answer:A(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter4p136)
Category:Application
15.Localizededemaisbestexemplifiedby:
A.lowserumprotein
B.nephriticsyndrome
C.portalhypertension
Answer:D
Category:Recall
D.lymphaticobstruction
E.congestiveheartfailure
DISEASESOFIMMUNITY
16.TumormostcommonlyassociatedwithAIDS:
A.adenocarcinoma
D.melanoma
B.hepatoma
E.lymphoma
C.Kaposissarcoma
Answer:C(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter6p256)
Category:Recall
17.SystemicLupusErythematosusisavariablemultiorgandisease,butin100%of
caseslesionsalwaysoccurinthe:
A.brain
C.spleen
B.liver
D.kidney
Answer:D(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter6p231)
Category:Application
18.Pneumoniacausedbythisorganismisfrequentlythefirstdiagnosedinfectionin
HIVinfectedpersons:
A. Pneumocytstis carinii
C. Cryptococcus
neoformans
B.Aspergilussp.
D.Histoplasmacapsulatum
Answer: A (Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th ed. Chapter 15,, p
765.)
Category:Recall
PRINCIPLESOFNEOPLASIA
21.Themostfrequentformofcancerinfemales:
A.gastric
D.breast
B.uterine
E.lung
C.colonic
Answer:D(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter7p282.)
Category:Recall
22.Themostcommoncauseofdeathduetocancerinbothmenandwomenis:
A.malignantlymphoma
C.lungcarcinoma
B.colorectalcarcinoma
D.hepatocellularcarcinoma
Answer:C(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter7,p282.)
Category:Recall
INFECTIOUSDISEASES
29.TBandSchistosomacanproduce:
A.ulceration
D.cavitation
B.caseation
E.granuloma
C.meningitis
Answer:E(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter8,p384,
409)
23
Category:Recall
MULTIPLECHOICE:
1.Thehallmarkofacuteinflammationis:
A. Increasedbloodflow
B. Rubor,calor,dolorincreasedpermeabilityofmicrocirculation
C. Increasedvascularpermeability
D. Vascularstasis
2.Themostefficientbactericidalcompoundpresentinneutrophilsisthe:
A. Arachidonicacidmetabolites
C.Lysosomalenzymes
B. H202MPOHalidesystem
D.Hydrogenperoxide
3.Leukotrienesarederivedfromarachidonicacidthroughthehelpofthisenzyme:
A. Phospholipase
C.Cyclooxygenase
B. Lipooxygenase
D.Lipoxins
4.Thehallmarkofchronicinflammationis:
A. Increasedpermeabilityofmicrocirculation
B. Migrationofmacrophagesatsiteofinjury
C. Tissuedestruction
D. Mononuclearcellinfiltration
5.Anexampleoftumorsuppressorgene:
A. p53
B. Cmyc
C.ras
D.bcr
6.Alymphnodebiopsywasdiagnosedastuberculosis.Thistypeofnecrosisis
characteristicof:
A. Coagulative
C.Caseous
B. Liquefactive
D.Gangrenous
7.Whichofthefollowingsubstancesaccumulatesinatheroscleroticbloodvessels?
A. Fattyacids
C.Tryglicerides
B. Cholesterolesters
D.Phospholipids
8."Heartfailurecells"foundinthelungsinChronicPassiveCongestionareactually.
A. Lymphocytes
C.Neutrophils
B. Eosinophils
D.Macrophages
9.TheoutcomeofthrombosiswhereinthethrombitendstoGROWduetodepositionof
additionalplatelets,fibrinandredbloodcells:
A. Resolution
C.Propagation
B. Organization
D.Recanalization
10.Mostcommoncauseofdeathinburnpatientswhogotintoshockis:
A. Sepsis
C.Dehydration
B. CHF
D.Hemorrhage
11.ThistypeofhypersensitivityreactionismediatedbyIgE:
A. TypeI
C.TypeIII
B. TypeII
D.TypeIV
12.Oneofthethreemajorcomponentsofacuteinflammationinclude:
A. Alterationinvascularcaliberthatleadstoadecreaseinbloodflow
B. Structurechangesinthemicrovasculaturepermittingplasmaproteinsand
leukocytestoleavethecirculation
C. Tissuedestruction
D. Healingbyconnectivetissue
24
13.Heatandrednessinacuteinflammationisduetothefollowingpathogenetic
mechanism:
A. Increasedvascularpermeability
C.Stasis
B. Increasedbloodflow
D.Leukocyticmargination
14.Theuterineendometrialliningthickensduringtheproliferativephaseofthe
menstrualcycle.Thisisdueto:
A. Hypertrophy
C.Hyperplasia
B. Dysplasia
D.Metaplasia
15.Whichofthefollowingdisordersismostlikelytobeassociatedwithanexudates
ratherthanatransudate?
A. Congestiveheartfailure
C.Suppurativeinflammation
B. Nephroticsyndrome
D.Peritonitis
17.Theroleofhistamineinacuteinflammatoryresponseinclude:
A. Plateletreleaseandaggregation
B. Increasedvascularpermeabilityofthevenules
C. Increasedvascularpermeabilityofthearterioles
D. Membranelysis
18.ThecentralfigureinchronicinflammationistheMacrophagebecauseofitsrolein:
A. Breakdownofcollagenandfibronectin
B. Productionof02andNitricoxidemetabolites
C. Emigrationfromthebloodstreamtositeofinjury
D. Inhibitionbycytokinesandoxidizedlipids
19.Abiopsyofthestomachrevealanareaofmalignantchangecharacterizedby
varisized,compactlyarrangedneoplasticglandslinedbymoderatelydifferentiated
cells.Whichofthefollowingtermsrefertomalignanttumorofglandularepithelium?
A. Sarcoma
C.Teratoma
B. Choristoma
D.Adenocarcinoma
20.WhichofthefollowingstatementsinNOTtrueofredinfarcts?
A. Itoccursinorganswithdoublebloodsupply
B. Commonlyfoundintheheartandkidneys
C. Seeninvenousocclusionwithinfarction
D. Seeninorganswithwelldevelopedanastomosis
21.Whichofthefollowingconditionsisacomplicationofbothdirectinjuriestothelungs
andsystemicdisorders?
A. Atelectasis
C.Diffusealveolardamage
B. Pulmonaryedema
D.Pulmonarycongestion
22.Whichofthefollowingconditionsofthelungischaracterizedbyabnormalpermanent
enlargementoftheairspacedistaltotheterminalbronchioleaccompaniedby
destructionoftheirwallswithoutobviousfibrosis?
A. Emphysema
C.Chronicbronchitis
B. Bronchialasthma
D.Bronchiectasis
23.Aspectrumofimmunologicallymediatedpredominantlyinterstitiallungdisorders
causedbyintenseoftenprolongedexposuretoinhaledorganicdustsand
occupationalantigensis:
A. Pulmonaryalveolarproteinosis
B. Bronchiolisobliteransorganizingpneumonia
C. Desquamativeinterstitialpneumonitis
D. Hypersensitivitypneumonitis
24.Anacutefebrilerespiratorydiseasecharacterizedbypatchyinflammatorychanges
inthelungsconfinedtothealveolarseptaandpulmonaryinterstitium:
A. Primaryatypicalpneumonia
C.Bronchopneumonia
B. Lobarpneumonia
D.Lobularbronchopneumonia
25
25.Asystemicdiseaseofunknowncausecharacterizedbynoncaseatinggranulomain
manytissuesandorgansparticularlyinthehilarlymphnodes,lungs,eye,andskin
is:
A. Silicosis
C.Idiopathicpulmonaryfibrosis
B. Sarcoidosis
D.Asbestosis
26.Mostcommonbenigntumorofthelungdiscoveredincidentallyasacoinlesionon
routineXRayexaminationis:
A. Bronchialcarcinoids
C.Hamartoma
B. Thymoma
D.Bronchogeniccyst
27.Mostcommoncauseofaspirationpneumoniaishospitalizedpatients:
A. Streptococcuspneumonia
C.Haemophilusinfluenzae
B. Staphylococcusaureus
D.Pseudomonasaeroginosa
28.Mostcommontypeofasthmathatbeginsinchildhoodandtriggeredby
environmentalantigenssuchasdust,pollensandfoodis:
A. Nonatopicasthma
C.Atopicasthma
B. Druginducedasthma
d.OccupationalAsthma
29.Mostcommonmanifestationofasbestosexposureoftencontainingcalciumseenon
theanteriorandposterioraspectoftheparietalpleura:
A. Asbestosbody
C.Ferruginousbodies
B. Plaques
D.Amphibole
30.Whichofthefollowingsyndromeischaracterizedbytheappearanceofproliferative
glomerulonephritisandnecrotizinghemorrhagicinterstitialpneumonitis?
A. Goodpasturesyndrome
C.Karteagnersyndrome
B. Paraneoplasticsyndrome
D.LambertEatonmyasthenicsyndrome
31.Mostcommonlocationofsecondarytuberculosisinthelung:
A. Hilararea
C.Peripheral
B. Base
D.Apex
32.Afatalcomplicationofrupturedaorticaneurysmandvasculartrauma:
A. Chylothorax
C.Hydrothorax
B. Hemothorax
D.Empyema
33.MangJuanito,60yearoldman,hasbeensmokingformanyyears,heexperienced
chroniccoughandweightlossforthepast6months,nofevernonauseaand
vomiting.HehadoneboutofhemoptysisandwenttotheERforconsultation.Xray
showsa6cmmassonthemedialupperlobe.Bronchoscopyshowsamassonthe
segmentalbronchus.Whichofthefollowingcytologicfindingsislikelytobefoundin
thispatient?
A. Presenceofacidfastorganismonsputumexam
B. Presenceofmalignantsquamouscellsinsputum
C. Presenceofnumerousnecroticdebrisandinflammatorycellsinsputum
D. Presenceofreactivemesothelialcellsinpleuralfluidexam
35.MangTony,55yearoldmanhasnomajormedicalproblemsinthepastyear,4
monthspriortoconsultationthepatientexperiencemalaiseandweightlossof10kg.
Thepatientisanonsmoker,nofever,nodifficultyofbreathing.ChestXrayshowsa
multiplesolidnodulesscatteredthroughoutthelungfields.Whatisthemostlikely
diagnosis?
A. Bronchogeniccarcinoma
C.Malignantmesothelioma
B. Metastaticcarcinoma
D.Bronchioalveolarcarcinoma
36.MangTomas,45yearoldmanhadanepisodeofmyocardialinfarctionhewas
broughttotheemergencyroomandwasintubated.Uponintubationhesuffers
aspirationofgastriccontents.Forthenext5dayshedevelopsnonreproductive
coughandfever.ChestXrayshowsa3cmmassintherightlungwithelevatedair
fluidlevel.Whatisthemostlikelydiagnosis?
A. Bronchopulmonarysequestration
C.Atelectasis
B. Bronchiectasis
D.Lungabscess
26
37.Hemodynamicpulmonaryedemaseenincongestiveheartfailureisdueto:
A. Increasedoncoticpressure
C.Increasedhydrostaticpressure
B. Decreasedinterstitialosmoticpressure
D.Increasedalbumin
38.Suddendeathinpatientswithpulmonaryembolismiscausedby:
A. Blockageofbloodflowthroughthelungs
B. Atelectasis
C. Developmentofchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease
D. Developmentofpulmonaryhypertension
39.Alymphohematogenousdisseminationofpulmonarytuberculosiswouldgiveriseto:
A. Vacitaryfibrocaseoustuberculosis
C.Tuberculousbronchopneumonia
B. Pottsdisease
D.Miliarytuberculosis
40.Theplausiblemechanisminthedevelopmentofemphysemais:
A. Increasereleaseofelastaseinneutrophilsandmacrophages
B. Increasealpha1antitrypsinenzyme
C. Presenceofobstructionofatumorofforeignbodywithconcomitantinfection
D. Increaseresponsivenessofthebronchialtree
41.Themajorcauseofceliacsprueis:
A. Bacterialinfection
B. DeficiencyofVitaminB12
C. Hypersensitivitytogliadinfractionofwheatgluten
D. Lymphaticobstruction
43.Thehistologiccriterionforthediagnosisofacuteappendicitisisbasedonfindingthis
typeofcellinfiltratingthemuscularispropia:
A. Histiocytes
C.Lymphocytes
B. Monocytes
D.Neutrophils
45.Disaccharidasedeficiencyisclassifiedunderwhichofthefollowingmajorcausesof
malabsorptionsyndrome:
A. DefectiveIntraluminaldigestion
B. Lymphaticobstruction
C. Primarymucosalcellabnormalities
D. Reducedsmallintestinalsurfacearea
46.Inulcerativecolitis,inflammationislimitedtothe:
A. Mucosa
C.Serosa
B. Submucosa
D.Transmurallayer
Answer:mucosaandsubmucosaonly
47.Largeareasofhemorrhagicgreenulcerationofthemucosaandgreenblack
necrosisthroughthewall,extendingtotheserosaoftheappendixismostlikely
associatedtowhichofthefollowingstagesofacuteappendicitis?
A. Acutegangrenousappendicitis
C.Acutesuppurativeappendicitis
B. Earlyacuteappendicitis
D.Rupturedacuteappendicitis
48.Leon,25yearoldmalecomplainedofintermittentdiarrheaandlowerabdominal
pain.AnupperGIseriesshowedsegmentalnarrowingintheileum.Microscopic
findingsofthelesionshowedinflammationfromthemucosatotheserosawiththe
presenceofnoncaseatinggranulomas.Themostlikelydiagnosisis:
A. Celiacsprue
C.Crohn'sdisease
B. Tropicalsprue
D.Whipple'sdisease
49.Henry,45yearold,malesuffersfromepisodicabdominalbloatingwithflatulence
andexplosivediarrheaafterattendingaweeklongcommunitycelebrationofthe
dairyindustryduringtherestoftheyear,hedoesnotconsumemilkshakesorice
creamandisnotsymptomatic.Whichofthefollowingconditionsbestaccountsfor
thesefindings?
A. Celiacsprue
C.Disaccharidasedeficiency
B. Ulcerativecolitis
D.Whipple'sdisease
50.Josie,40yearoldfemale,hasatotalserumbilirubinconcentrationof8.9mg/dland
27
adirectbilirubinlevelof6.8mg/dl.TheserumAlanineaminotrasferase(ALT)levelis
125U/L,andtheaspartateaminotransferase(AST)levelis108U/L.Aliverbiopsy
showshistologicfindingscharacteristicforSclerosingcholangitis.Whichofthe
followinggastrointestinaltractdiseaseismostlikelytocoexistinthispatient?
A. Celiacsprue
C.Tropicalsprue
B. Ulcerativecolitis
D.Whipple'sdisease
51.Amiddleagedmalecomplainsoffoodstickingsomewherebetweenmouthand
stomach.Monometryrevealsaperistalsis.Themostpossiblediagnosisis:
A. Stenosisduetoseveregastroesophagealreflux
B. Paraesophagealhiatalhernia
C. Achalasia
D. Zenker'sdiverticulum
52.Joshua,25yearold,medicalstudentdevelopedsharpepigastricpainrelievedby
eating.AnupperG.I.seriesdemonstrateda1cmgastriculcer.Whichofthe
followingfeaturesisnotcompatiblewiththeclinicalfindings?
A. Thesizeoftheulcerdoesnotdifferentiateabenignfrommalignantulcer.
B. Heapingupmarginisrareinthebenignulcerbutcharacteristicofmalignant
lesion
C. Thebaseofthepepticulcerissmoothandclean
D. Ulcerativelesioninthegreatercurvatureismorelikelytobeclassicpepticulcer
53.Joan,25yearold,female,developeddiarrhea,abdominalpain,andrectalbleeding.
Sigmoidoscopyshowednumerousulcers.Idiopathicinflammatoryboweldisease
wasconsidered.WhichofthefollowingfindingsismorecompatibletoCrohn's
Diseasethantoulcerativecolitis?
A. Cryptabscessformationdeepinmucosa
B. Increaseincidenceofadenocarcinomaofcolon
C. Pseudopolypformationbetweenulcers
D. Presenceofgranulomasinthecolonicwall
54.Cesar,35yearoldmalehadahistoryofheartburn,regurgitationofsourbrash,
dyspnea,burningesophagealpainandslowlybutprogressivedysphagia.Hewas
admittedtotheemergencyroombecauseoflobarpneumonia.Themostpossible
causeofhispneumoniaisduetoaspirationandcanbeattributedtowhichofthe
followingconditions?
A. Esophagealatresia
C.Slidinghiatalhernia
B. Refluxesophagitis
D.Esophagealdiverticulum
55.Imelda,6yearold,girl,hadablocky,reddishbrownrashandwastreatedwith
aspirin,shedevelopedfattychangeoftheliver.Themostlikelydiagnosisis:
A. SubacuteSclerosingpanencephalitis
B. VaricellaZosterinfection
C. Reye'ssyndrome
D. Poliomyelitis
56.Ronnie,45yearold,alcoholicwentonabingefor2weeks.Hewasfoundcomatose
andinliverfailure.Hisliveratautopsyshowedseveralhepatocyteswithhyaline
Mallorybodiesinthecytoplasm.Thisfindingismosttypicalof:
A. Alcoholichepatitis
C.Hepaticsteatosis
B. Alcoholiccirrhosis
D.Hepatocellulartumor
57.Fely,18yearold,female,presentswithabdominalpainlocalizedtotherightlower
quadrant,nauseaandvomiting,mildfever,andanelevationoftheperipheral
leukocytecountto17x109/L.Examinationofthesurgicallyresectedappendixismost
likelytoreveal:
A. Anappendixwithnormalappearance
B. Neutrophilswithinthemuscularwall
C. Lymphoidhyperplasiaandmultinucleatedgiantcellswithinthemuscularwall
D. Adilatedlumenfilledwithmucus
58.Nelia,38yearold,female,complainsoffatigueandpruritus.Sheisfoundtohave
highserumalkalinephosphataseandslightlyelevatedserumbilirubinlevels,and
serumantimitochondrialautobodiesarepresent.Aliverbiopsyrevealsamarked
28
Lymphocyticinfiltrateintheportaltracts.Occasionalgranulomasarealsoseen.The
mostlikelydiagnosisis:
A. PrimarySclerosingcholangitis
C.ViralhepatitisBinfection
B. Primarybiliarycirrhosis
D.Impactedgallstone
59.Thefindingsofmultiple,pale,yellow,hardroundstoneswithinthegallbladderis
NOTassociatedwithwhichofthefollowing?
A. Oralcontraceptive
C.Obesity
B. Biliaryinfection
D.Hyperlipidemiasyndromes
60.Dilatedsinusoidsandirregularcysticspacesfilledwithbloodwithintheliverwhich
mayruptureleadingtomassiveintraabdominalhemorrhage,aremostcommonly
associatedwith:
A. Salicylates
C.Estrogen
B. Anabolicsteroids
D.Acetaminophen
61.Transmuralinfarctscommonlyinvolvethesethreearterialvesselsoftheheart.The
LEASTaffectedoneisthe:
A. Leftanteriordescending
C.Rightcoronary
B. Leftcircumflex
D.Rightcircumflex
62.Theheatfailurecellsarebynature:
A. Alveolarliningcells
C.Polymorphonuclearcells
B. Macrophages
D.Eosinophils
63.Anginathatisunstableisclinicallydescribedas:
A. Transient
C.Precipitatedbyphysicalstress
B. Relievedbyrest
D.Progressive
64.Thisorganisnotprominentaffectedinrightsidedfailure:
A. Liver
C.Kidneys
B. Lungs
D.Brain
65.Acardiacmassformaninfantonmicroscopicexaminationrevealed"spidercells".
Whattypeoftumoristhis?
A. Leiomyoma
C.Rhabdomyoma
B. Myxoma
D.Fibroma
66.Casesofpatentductusarteriosusthatarenotisolatedarecommonlyassociated
withthefollowingconditions,Except:
A. VSD
C.Coarctation
B. ASD
D.Pulmonarystenosis
67.HistopathologyexaminationoftheheartofapatientwhodiedofAMIshowed
coagulativenecrosis,edema,hemorrhageandneutrophilicinfiltrates.Howoldisthe
infarct?
A. 30minutes
C.1day
B. 12hours
D.1week
68.Noli,15yearold,student,hadsorethroatandaweeklaterdevelopedswollenjoints
andamurmurintheaorticvalvearea.Whatisthediagnosis?
A. Infectiveendocarditis
C.SLE
B. Rheumaticheartdisease
D.Diphtheria
69.Daniel,35yearoldman,whorecentlyhadaninfarctdevelopedaloudpericardial
frictionrub.Thisisdueto:
A. Anotherinfarct
C.Serouspericarditis
B. Purulentpericarditis
D.Fibrinouspericarditis
70.George,40yearoldmale,diedofsepsiswithDIC.Uponautopsy,smallmassesof
fibrinthrombiwereseenintheheartvalves.Howdoyouinterpretthis?
A. Patienthadinfectiveendocarditis
C.PatienthadNBTE
B. Patienthadrheumaticheartdisease D.Itisnormalfinding
71.Thebilesaltsaidintheemulsificationofdietaryfatsintheintestines.Theyare
composedofbileacidsthathavebeenconjugatedwith:
29
A. Albumin
B. Aminoacid
C.Glucoronicacid
D.Glucose
72.Themilkyappearanceofserumafterfatingestioniscalledpostprandiallipemia.The
lipemicappearanceiscausedbythepresenceof:
A. Cholesterol
C.Fattyacids
B. Chylomicrons
D.Phospholipids
73.Whichofthefollowingapolipoproteins,whenpresentinanincreasedconcentration,
wouldbeassociatedwithadecreasedriskofcoronaryarterydisease?
A. ApoAI
C.ApoB100
B. ApoB48
D.ApoCII
74.Whichtypeofinflammationismostcharacteristicofacuterheumaticfever?
A. Myocarditis
C.Pancarditis
B. Pericarditis
D.Endocarditis
75.Thisdiseaseoftheheartpresentsonearlycyanosis:
A. Atrialseptaldefect
C.Patentductusarteriosus
B. Truncusarteriosus
D.Atrioventricularseptaldefect
76.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutheartfailureistrue?
A. Rightsidedfailuremayresultinhepatomegaly
B. Corpulmonaleusuallyisduetoseverepulmonicstenosis
C. Theclinicalmanifestationofheartfailuremostcommonlyreflectrightsided
failure
D. Dyspneaisaresultofbloodstasisintheextremities
77.Whichofthefollowingdiseasesresultsfromafamilialabsenceofhighdensity
lipoprotein?
A. Krabbe's
C.Gaucher's
B. Tangier
D.TaySachs
78.Theenzymethatexistschieflyinskeletalmuscle,heartandbrainisgrosslyactive
musculardystrophyandrisesearlyinmyocardialinfarctionis:
A. Lipase
C.Transminase
B. Lactatedehydrogenase
D.Creatinekinase
79.Juanito,34yearoldwasfoundtohavetotalcholesterolof225mg/dlandanHDL
cholesterolof83mg/dl.Basedontheseresults,thisindividual:
A. Isaborderlinehighriskofcoronaryheartdisease
B. Shouldbecounseledtomodifyhisdiettoreducehistotalcholesterol
C. Shouldbeconsultedtoseehisphysicianimmediatetofollowuptesting
D. Isprobablynotborderlinehighriskforcoronaryheartdisease.
80.Abloodspecimenisdrawnforlipoproteinphenotyping.Thetestresultsobtainedare:
1. Triglycerides235mg/dl(NV40164mg/dl)
2. Totalcholesterol190mg/dl(NVlessthan200mg/dl)
3. Prebetalipoproteinfractionincreased
4. Betalipoproteinfractionnormal
5. Chylomicronspresent
6. Serumappearancemilky
Thebestexplanationfortheseresultswouldbethattheindividualexhibited
characteristicof:
A. Anormalindividual
C.TypeIIhyperlipoproteinemia
B. Anonfastingserumprotein
D.TypeIVhyperlipoproteinemia
81.HemoglobinBart'siscomposedof:
A. Fouralphachains
B. Fourbetachains
C.Fourgammachains
D.Twoalpha,twobetachains
82.HowellJollybodiesarecomposedof:
A. DNA
B. RNA
C.Iron
D.Mitochondria
30
83.Themostmaturecellthatcanundergomitosisisthe:
A. Myeloblast
C.Metamyelocyte
B. Promyelocyte
D.Myelocyte
84.Vasodilationandbronchoconstrictionwouldbeassociatedwithwhichbloodcell:
A. Eosinophilic
C.Basophils
B. Neutrophils
D.Monocytes
85.Lymphocytesthatproduceimmunoglobulinsinresponsetoantigenicstimulationare
designated:
A. BLymphocytes
C.Plasmacells
B. Tlymphocytes
D.Thymocytes
86.ToxicgranulationismostcommonlyobservedasaCytoplasmicinclusionof:
A. Lymphocytes
C.Monocytes
B. Eosinophils
D.Neutrophils
87.WhichofthefollowingorgansisNOTasiteforhematopoiesisinthefetus?
A. Liver
C.Spleen
B. Bonemarrow
D.Kidney
88.Inearlyinfancythemostnumerouscellsofthebonemarroware:
A. Erythroblasts
C.Granulocyticprecursors
B. Lymphocytes
D.Histiocytesmonocytes
89.Whichcellclassificationisdescribedbythefollowing:Secondmostnumerouscellin
thebloodusuallysmallandroundintenselybluecytoplasmandnucleuswith
clumpeddarkpurplechromatin?
A. Monocyte
C.Lymphocyte
B. Nullcell
D.Plasmacyte
90.Whichofthefollowingismostvariableinnormalmarrow?
A. Differentialcountof500cells
C.M:Eratio
B. Cellularity
D.Ironstage
91.WhichofthefollowingisnotacrucialareaofRBCsurvivalandfunction?
A. IntegrityofRBCcellularmembrane C.Cellmetabolism
B. Intravascularhemolysis
D.hemoglobinstructure
92.Whichofthefollowinggroupsofabnormalhemoglobinsareunabletotransportor
deliveroxygen?
A. Carboxyhemoglobinandmethemoglobin
B. Methemoglobinandfetalhemoglobin
C. Carboxyhemoglobin,sulfhemoglobin,andfetalhemoglobin
D. Carboxyhemoglobin,methemoglobinandsulfhemoglobin
93.Productionofprimarygranulesceasesandproductionofsecondarygranules
commenceswithwhatcellstage?
A. Myelocyte
C.Myeloblast
B. Promyelocyte
D.Metamyelocyte
94.AdecreasedinwhichofthefollowinglaboratoryresultsisNOTausualdiagnostic
criterionforanemia?
A. Hemoglobin
C.hematocrit
B. Plateletcount
D.RBCcount
95.Whatisdiagnosticvalueofreticulocytecountintheevaluationofanemia?
A. Determinesresponseandpotentialofthebonemarrow
B. Determinescompensationmechanismsforanemia
C. DeterminesthecorrectedRBCcountafterthecalculation
D. DeterminesthepotentialsamplingerrorforRBCcount
96.Abonemarrowhaslargecellsthathaveeccentricpyknoticnuclei.Thecytoplasmof
thesecellstainsverypaleandhasastriatedappearance:
31
A. Megakaryoblasts
B. ReedSternbergcells
C.Gaucher'scells
D.Largemyeloblasts
97.WhichofthefollowingisNOTafactortobeevaluatedintheinterpretationofabone
marrowaspiratesmear?
A. Maturationofredandwhitebloodcellsseries
B. M:Eratio
C. Typeandamountofhemoglobin
D. Estimateofbonemarrowactivity
98.Lito27yearoldhasatotalWBCcountof4x109/L.Thedifferentialcountisas
follows:
Neutrophils28(NV.56)
Lypmhocytes65(NV.34)
Band.02(NV.2)
Monocytes.5(NV.4)
Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
A. Thepercentageoflymphocytesisnormal
B. Theabsolutenumberoflymphocytesislow
C. Thereisanabsolutelymphocytosis
D. Thereisarelativelymphocytosis
100.Theprincipaldefectinchronicgranulomatousdiseaseisin:
A. Chemotaxis
C.Phagocytosis
B. Lysosomalfunction
D.Productionofoxygenandradical
Reference:PathologicBasisofDisease6thEdition
SIMPLE MULTIPLE CHOICE. CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER.
ENDOCRINE PATHOLOGY
1. A patient with tremors and with exopthalmos has enlarged thyroid gland. If
thyroidectomy is done the thyroid would exhibit this type of cellular adaptation.
A. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
B. Hypertrophy
D. Dysplasia
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 24, Page 1166
2. This is characterized by hard, fixed thyroid gland associated with extensive
fibrosis that is contiguous with adjacent neck structures
A. Hashimotos thyroiditis
C. Granulomatous thyroidis
B. Riedels thyroiditis
D. Graves disease
th
3. A medical student who suddenly developed marked tetany and parasthesia and
later on was found out that she was suffering from a parathyroid problem. Your
diagnosis would be:
A. hypoparathyroidism
C. parathyroid carcinoma
B. parathyroid adenoma
D. parathyroid hypoplasia
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 24, Page 1167
4. Microscopic sections of a 3 cm solitary thyroid nodule show proliferating fetal
type of thyroid follicles with a focus a transcapsular invasion. Your diagnosis
would be:
A. Papillary carcinoma
C. Medullar thyroid
carcinoma
B. Follicular carcinoma
D. Anaplastic thyroid
carcinoma
5. Which of the following thyroid malignancy has the highest mortality?
C. Medullary carcinoma
D. Anaplastic thyroid
carcinoma
32
6. Orphan- Annie nuclei is a characteristic nuclear feature of this thyroid malignancy

C. Medullary carcinoma
D. Anaplstic carcinoma
th
GIT, LIVER, AND HBT
7. Barretts esophagus shows this adoptive cellular change
A. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
B. Hypertrophy
D. Dysplasia
th
8. The hallmark of irreversible liver injury
A. fatty change
B. cellular swelling
C. fibrosis
D. bridging necrosis
9. The usual site of pancreatic malignancy is:

A. Head
B. Body
th
C. tail
D. accessory pancreas
10. Alpha feto protein is requested for the detection of this liver neoplasm
A. Hepatoma
C. Metastatic carcinoma
B. Cholangiocarcinoma
D. Klatskin tumor
11. An enlarged axillary lymph node excised from a 53 year old female presenting
with an ill defined, fixed palpable firm mass at the right upper outer quadrant
would probably show
A. Metastatic tumor
C. Primary malignant tumor
B. Benign tumor
D. Hamartomatous tumor
th
12. This lesion is grossly seen as linear laceration in the gastroesophageal area
A. Barretts esophagus
C. Esophageal varices
B. Mallory weiss
D. Severe esophagitis
13. This is an premalignant colonic polyp
A. Hamartomatous polyp
B. Adenomatous polyp
C. Puetz Jegher polyp

D. Inflammatory polyp
14. Which is true of chronic gastritis?

A. H. pylori organisms aggregates along metaplastic epithelium
B. It is grossly seen as multiple ulceration
C. It is a common cause of gastric malignancy
D. It commonly presents as bleeding
15. The type of ulcer produced by this organism is flask shaped
A. M. tuberculosis
C. Samonella
B. E. histolytica
D. Crohns disease
th
16. Malignant transformation is a common complication of this lesion
A. Achalasia
C. Peptic ulcer
B. Mallory weiss
D. Fraction diverticulum
17. You would think of a malignant ulcer if this gross feature is seen
A. converging mucosal fold
C. edematous border
33
B. uneven borders
edge of the ulcer
18. Most common malignancy of the appendix is:
A. Carcinoid
B. Lymphoma
D. mucosa overhungs the
C. Squamous cell carcinoma

D. Seminoma
19. A gastric carcinoma that metastasize in the periumbillical area is called:

A. Virchows nodule
C. Krukenberg tumor
B. Sister Mary Joseph nodule
D. Linitis plastica
th
20. Stercoral ulcer are associated with this disease:
A. Meckels diverticulum
B. Chronic gastritis
C. Gastric malignancy
D. Congenital megacolon
21. Most common location of gastric carcinoma

A. Fundus
B. Body
C. Cardia
D. Antrum
22. Nutmeg liver is the gross appearance of the liver in:

A. acute left ventricular failure
C. malnutrition
B. portal vein thrombosis
D. chronic right ventricular
failure
CELLULAR REACTION TO INJURY (CRI)
23. Atrophy of myocardial fibers would show this cellular accumulation
A. Hemosiderophage
C. Councilman bodies
B. Lipofuscin
D. Bilirubin pigments
24. The deepest layer of an ulcer is made up of which of these?
A. vessel proliferation
C. fibrosis
B. necrotic tissues
D. mixed inflammatory cells
25. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection would show this type of necrosis.
A. Coagulation
C. Liquefaction
B. Caseation
D. Gangrenous
26. Which of the following is an irreversible form of cellular injury?
A. Nuclear pyknosis
C. Mitochondrial swelling
B. Dilatation of ER
D. Plasma membrane blebs
th
NEOPLASIA
27. Cervical biopsy of a 32 year old female with cervical erosion shows squamous
epithelium that exhibits some atypia and loss of polarity. This adoptive response
is:
A. Hyperpalsia
C. Metaplasia
B. Hypertrophy
D. Dysplasia
28. This is the most activated oncogene in adenomas and colon cancers:
A. Bax gene
C. K-ras
B. APC
D. p-53
34
29. Absolute lymphocytosis, lymphoblasts, many small

peripheral smears is a characteristic of this type of
A. ALL
B. AML
30. This is not a common complication of leukemia:
A. gout
B. infection
mature lymphocytes in the

leukemia:
C. CLL
D. CML
C. diabetes
D. anemia
31. Identification of Reed-Sternberg cells will lead you to think of this tumor:
A. Non-hodgkins lymphoma
C. Burkitts lymphoma
B. Hodgkins lymphoma
D. hairy cell leukemia
th
32. A malignant epithelial tumor is referred to as:
A. carcinoma
B. adenoma
C. sarcoma
D. lymphoma
33. Loss of organizational, structural and functional differentiation of cell is known

as:
A. Neoplasia
C. hyperchromaticity
B. Anaplasia
D. dysplasia
34. A well differentiated tumor means:
A. The tumor is severely anaplastic
B. The tumor still looks like the tissue where it originates
C. The tumor would be very pleomorphic
D. The tumor is benign
35. Which of the following is a benign tumor ?
A. Hepatoma
B. Retinoblast
C. Hemangioma
D. Sarcoma
36. Which of the following is the pre-cancerous lesion

A. CIN
C. Fibroepithelial polyp
B. Adenomatous polyp
D. Ulcerative colitis
37. Aniline dye and rubber can cause malignancy to this organ
A. Cervix
C. Skin
B. Liver
D. Urinary bladder
INFLAMMATION
38. A hypertrophied scar would show this feature.
A. Angiogenesis
B. Lymphoid follicle formation
C. Presence of harphazardly arranged bundles of collagen
D. Aggregates of epitheloid histiocytes
th
39. The main difference between healing by primary intention and secondary
intention is:
A. Leukocyte migration
C. Fibrosis
B. Amount of Granulation tissue
D. Contraction
35

40. This process is always seen in chronic inflammation:
A. Proliferation of blood vessels
C. Emigration of neutrophils
B. Increase in edema fluid
D. Incerase premeability of
blood vessels
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
41. Pulmonary embolism could lead to this type of shock
A. Neurogenic shock
C. Hypovolemic shock
B. Cardiogenic shock
D. Septic shock
th
42. The mechanism of adult respiratory distress syndrome is:
A. deficiency in pulmonary surfactant
C. diffuse damage to the
alveolar capillary wall
B. increased hydrostatic pressure
D. inflammatory reaction to
microorganisms
43. Posterior mediastinal rest of the lungs tissue with no connection to the air way
system is known as:
A. Bronchiectasis
C. teratoma
B. pulmonary sequestration
D. hamartoma
th
44. This syndrome is characterized by bronchiectasis, sinusitis and sinus inversus
caused by defect in ciliary motility
A. Kartagener
C. Pulmonary sequestration
B. Cystic fibrosis
D. Mesothelioma
th
45. Viral pneumonias typically presents in the lungs as:
A. lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates within the alveolar sacs
B. mononuclear cells within the septa
C. accumulation of neutrophils in one lobar segment
D. neutrophils in the peribronchiolar area
46. Most common cause of community acquired pneumonia is:
A. Klebsiella
C. Strep pneumonia
B. Haemophilus influenza
D. Staph aureus
th
47. This is the second stage in the evolution of the lobar pneumonia:
A. Congestion
C. Resolution
B. Gray hepatization
D. Red hepatization
48. This type of malignancy is commonly seen in the periphery of the lungs
A. Oat cell carcinoma
C. Adenocarcinoma
B. Squamous cell carcinoma
D. Small cell carcinoma
th
49. Collapse of lung secondary to air in the pleural cavity is an example of:
A. Compression atelectasis
C. Patchy atelectasis
B. Resorption atelectasis
D. Contraction atelectasis
50. This lung disease exhibits smooth muscle hyperplasia of the bronchial walls
A. Emphysema
C. Asthma
36
B. Bronchitis
D. Bronchiectasis
51. This finding in the pulmonary vessel would indicate advance pulmonary
hypertension
A. Medial hypertrophy
C. Plexogenic arteriopathy
B. Internal hyperplasia
D. Pulmonary embolus
52. The usual source of pulmonary embolism is:
A. Bronchus
B. Deep leg veins
th
C. mitral valve
D. left atrium
53. Squamous cell carcinoma would normally spread via

A. Lymphatic route
C. Direct extension
B. Hematogenous route
D. It does not metastasize
THE HEART
For question number 58 59
A 25 year old female presents with a history of recurrent fever and arthralgia
accompanied by ECG changes and increased ASO titer in the past 2 years. The physical
examination reveals a cardiac murmur.
54. What is the clinical impression?
A. Acute Rheumatic Fever
B. Chronic Rheumatic Heart Disease
th
55. The murmur is caused by;
A. Anemia
B. Valve deformity
blood
th
C. Infective Endocarditis
D. Aortic Calcific Stenosis
C. Contraction deformity
D. Change in consistency of
56. Hemorrhagic infarct is the expected lesion in thromboembolism to:

A. Renal artery
C. Mesenteric artery
B. Coronary artery
D. Splenic artery
57. The earliest microscopic sign of myocardial infarction is:
A. neutrophilic infiltration
C. coagulation necrosis
B. congestion
D. fiber waviness
58. This congenital heart disease has cyanosis at birth:
A. VSD
C. PDA
B. ASD
D. TOF
59. Chronic mitral stenosis will show this lung finding:
A. rupture of alveolar septa
C. thickening of the septa
B. neutrophilic infiltrates in septa
D. hyaline membrane
coating the septa
60. Maximal neutrophilic infiltration in a postinfarct heart is:
A. 8 hours
C. 5-7 days
B. 1-3 days
D. 2 weeks
37
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS

61. Most common testicular tumor in infants
A. Yolk sac tumor
B. Teratoma
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS AND BREAST
62. This breast malignancy has the best prognosis
B. Invasive ductal carcinoma
C. Embryonal carcinoma
D. Choriocarcinoma
C. Colloid carcinoma
D. Intraductal carcinoma
63. Usefullness of the Paps smear is seen in the following except:

A. Hormonal cytology
B. Identifying etiology of infection
C. Diagnosis of endocervical polyp
D. Screening of cervical malignancies and its early precursors
64. The surgery of choice in a patient with palpable axillary lymph nodes in the
presence of proven primary breast carcinoma
A. Simple mastectomy
C. Modified Radical
mastectomy
B. Excision biopsy
D. MRM with frozen section
65. If you are suspecting an ovarian cancer, you would request for what tumor
marker?
A. CEA
C. Alpha feto protein
B. CA 125
D. HCG
IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION
66. The following are antigen presenting cells, EXCEPT:
A. dendritic cells
C. langerhans cells
B. macrophages
D. natural killer cells
67. Which of the following cells contain CD3, CD4, and CD 8 molecule
A. T lymphocytes
C. Interferon
B. B lymphocytes
D. Natural Killer cells
th
68. A localized area of tissue necrosis resulting from an acute immune complex is an
example of this type of hypersensitivity reaction
A. Type I
C. Type III
B. Type II
D. Type IV
th
NERVOUS SYSTEM
69. Subarachnoid hemmorhage is associated with this lession
A. Charcot Bouchard microaneurysm
C. Degenerative
B. AV malformation
D. Berry aneurysm
th
70. This is the most common cause of acute bacterial meningitis in children:
A. E. Coli
C. Tuberculosis
B. H. Influenza
D. Klebsiella
71. Histologic lesion that is not present in glioblastoma multiforme
A. Necrosis
C. rosette formation
B. Proliferating blood vessels
D. anaplastic cells
38
72. The most common cause of intracerebral hemmorhage is:

A. berry aneurysm
C. A-V malformation
B. microaneurysm
D. infection
SKIN
73. Which type of mole is noted for its greatest malignant potential?
A. Melanoma
C. Compound nevus
B. Intradermal nevus
D. Junctional nevus
74. Which among these is not a common malignancy of the skin?
A. Adenocarcinoma
C. Squamous cell carcinoma
B. Melanoma
D. Basal cell carcinoma
75. Which among these is considered a premalignant tumor?
A. Keratoacanthoma
C. Actinic keratosis
B. Seborrheic keratosis
D. Acanthosis nigricans
th
ENVIRONMENTAL PATHOLOGY
76. This substance has been implicated in mesothelioma
A. asbestos
C. X ray
B. mercury
D. formaldehyde
77. This is the major source of oil spill
A. Big spills
B. Down the drain
C. Off shore drilling

D. Up in smoke
78. Caisson disease is associated with this physical injury

A. Blast injury
C. Decompression disease
B. Electrical injury
D. High altitude sickness
th
KIDNEY AND URINARY TRACT
79. Crescent formation is produced by the proliferation of which component of the
glomerulus?
A. endothelial cells
C. parietal epithelia
B. mesangial epithelia
D. podocytes
For question number 80 to 83

A 10 year old female presents with generalized edema. Blood pressure is 90/60.
80. What is the most likely clinical diagnosis?
A. Acute renal failure
B. Chronic renal failure
th
C. Nephritic syndrome
D. Nephrotic syndrome
Urinalysis showed the following findings:
specific gravity = 1.10 (1.015 1.022)

Protein
= 3+
Oval fat bodies = 3+
81. Considering the clinical data, what is the most likely light microscopic pattern?
A. Acute glomerulonephritis (GN)
C. Membranoproliferative GN
B. Membranous GN
D. Normal glumerulous
39
82. What is the expected immunofluorescence pattern in this case?

A. Linear
C. Negative
immunoflourescene
B. Granular
D. Variably linear granular
83. What is the expected electron microscopic (EM) findings?
A. Subepithelial deposits
C. Loss of podocyte foot
process
B. Subendothelial deposits
D. No pathologic EM findings
A 65 years old man sought consult due to decreased vigor urinary stream and increased
urinary frequency. Digital rectal examination revealed an enlarged prostate gland.
84. An elevated serum prostatic specific antigen (PSA) together with an elevated
alkaline phosphatase level is consistent with which of the following mechanisms?
A. Benign prostatic hyperplasia
C. Prostatic malignancy
B. Cystitis
D. Prostatitis
85. The clinical symptoms of this patient are referable to which of the following
mechanisms?
A. Increased urine output
C. Urethral fibrosis &
stricture
B. Prostatic irritation and inflammation
D. Urinary bladder outlet
obstruction
NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS
A 35 year old female came in for consultation due to increased amount and frequent
menstruation for the past 6 months. CBC was done revealing low hemoglobin,
hematocrit and red blood cell (RBC) count.
86. The mechanism for the abnormal RBC parameter is due to.
A. Anemia due to hemolysis
C. Anemia due to chronic
blood loss
B. Anemia due to hemoglobinopathy
D. Anemia due to decreased
RBC production
87. The red cell morphology of the peripheral smear is expected to be
A. Normocytic normochromic
C. Macrocytic hyperchromic
B. Normocytic hypochronic
D. Microcytic hypochromic
88. The most likely RBC disorder present in this patient would be:
A. Megaloblastic anemia
C. Iron deficiency anemia
B. Thalassemia
D. Sickle Cell Disease
th
89. Macrocytic, hypochromic type of anemia is seen in which of the following
conditions?
A. Folic Acid Deficiency
C. RBC destruction due to
antibodies
B. Lack of dietary iron
D. RBC membrane defect
th
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
40
90. Most common primary malignant tumor of the bone

A. Osteosarcoma
C. Chondrosarcoma
B. Metastatic tumor
D. Giant cell tumor
th
91. On x-ray of the skull, lytic punched out lesion are seen. This tumor is probably
made up of
A. giant cells
C. bone forming tumor cells
B. proliferating chondrocytes
D. plasma cells
th
92. This lesion has the oldest age group of predilection
A. Osteosarcoma
C. Chondrosarcoma
B. Ewings sarcoma
D. Giant cell tumor
93. This soft tissue tumor has biphasic feature of tumor cells
A. Fibrosarcoma
C. Osteosarcoma
B. Synovial sarcoma
D. Malignant fibrous
histiocytoma
CHOOSETHEBESTANSWER.
CellularInjuryandAdaptation
1.
Virusesinducecellinjurythrough:
A. directcytopathiceffect
B. immunemediatedreactions
Robbins7theditionp.356357
Process(es)involvedincellnecrosisis(are):
A. denaturationofproteins
B. enzymicdigestionofcells
th
Robbins7 editionpp.2122
C.bothA&Barecorrect
D.neitherAnorBiscorrect
2.
C.bothA&Barecorrect
D.neitherAnorBiscorrect
3.
ThefollowingstatementsareTRUEofcaseousnecrosis:
A. itisacombinationofcoagulationandliquefactionnecrosis
B. itisacharacteristicfeatureoftuberculosis
C. bothA&Barecorrect
D. neitherAnorBiscorrect
th
Robbins7 editionpp2122
4.
Jaundiceisduetotheaccumulationofthispigment:
A. bilirubin
C.lipofuscin
B. hemosiderin
D.melanin
InflammationandRepair
5.
Thesequenceofcellulareventsininflammationis:
A. marginationdiapedesischemotaxisphagocytosis
B. diapedesismarginationchemotaxisphagocytosis
C. chemotaxismarginationdiapedesisphagocytosis
D. chemotaxisdiapedesismarginationphagocytosis
th
Robbins7 editionp.53
6.
Themosteffectivemeansofmicrobialkillingisviathe:
A. oxygenindependentmechanism
B. myeloperozidaseindependedmechanism
C. hydrogenperoxide,myeloperoxidaseandhalidesystem
D. onlyA&Carecorrect
th
Robbins7 edition5961
41
7.
Themostimportantcauseofdelayinwoundhealingis:
A. infection
C.inadequatebloodsupply
B. presenceofforeignbodies
D.mechanicalfactors
8.
Keloidisduetoexcessive:
A. granulationtissue
B. granulomaformation
Robbins7thedition115
C.amyloiddeposition
D.collagenaccumulation
FluidandHemodynamics
9.
Edemacanresultfromanyofthefollowingmechanisms:
A. increasedhydrostaticpressureoftheblood
B. increasedosmoticpressureofinterstitialfluid(sodiumretention)
C. decreasedoncoticpressureofplasmaprotein
D. alloftheabovearecorrect
10.
Periorbitaledemaisusuallyencounteredin:
A. filariasis
C.livercirrhosis
B. nephriticsyndrome
D.inflammatorystates
th
11.
Fluidthatcollectsduringacuteinflammationandthathasaproteincontentin
excessof3.0g/LandSGover1.015istermed:
A. exudate
C.hydropericardium
B. transudate
D.wheal
GeneticsDisorders
12.
Asegmentofonechromosometransferredtoanothersegmentisknownas:
A. mutation
C.inversion
B. translocation
D.deletion
Robbins7theditionpp.174175
13.
ThemostcommoncauseoftheoccurrenceofKlinefelterssyndrome:
A. nondisjunctioninmeioticdivisioninoogenesis
B. nondisjunctioninmeioticdivisioninspermatogenesis
C. nondisjunctioninmeioticdivisioninembryogenesis
D. translocation
14.
ThenumberofBarrbodiesinapatientwith48XXXYkaryotype:
A. none
C.two
B. one
D.three
th
15.
ThefollowingaresuppressorgenesEXCEPT:
A. p53
C.APC
B. bcl2
D.NFI
th
InfectiousDisease
16.
A6yearoldboydevelopsabdominalpainandvomitingprecededbya3day
periodwithoutbowelmovements.Adiagnosisofintestinalobstructionis
made.Ofthefollowing,themostlikelyreasonfortheobstructionisabolus
of:
A. Taeniasaginata
C.Strongyloidestercoralis
B. Ascarislumbricoides
D.Onchocercavolvulus
th
42
17.
Achroniccarrierstateoftyphoidfeverismostlikelyduetothepersistenceof
theorganismin:
A. theappendix
C.thegallbladder
B. thecortexofthekidney
D.theileum
th
NutritionalDisease
18.
Functionofthiamine:
A. coenzymeinoxidativedecarboxylationofalphaketoacids
B. synthesisofDNAandRNA
C. respiratoryenzymeinthecytochromeenzyme
D. alloftheabovearecorrect
19.
Themetabolismofcalciumiscloselyregulatedby:
A. vitaminD
C.thyroidgland
B. parathyroidgland
D.alloftheabovearecorrect
20.
Themechanismofclottingisaffectedby:
A. VitaminA
C.Thiamine
B. VitaminK
D.VitaminE
th
EnvironmentalPathology
21.
This/thesepollutantsis/aredangerousbecauseoncereleasedintothe
environmenttheyareforeveri.e.resistanttonaturalprocessofdecay.
A. polychlorinatedbiphenyls
C.carbonmonoxide
B. chloroform
th
22.
Ethylalcoholtoxicitywillcause:
A. venousthrombosis
B. cheeryreddiscolorationofskin
C.fattyliver
D.gingivitis
23.
Whichofthefollowingisthemostcommonadverseeffectofsmoking?
A. myocardialinfarction
C.cancerofthepancreas
B. cancerofthebladder
D.pepticulcerdisease
24.
Exposuretocarbonparticleintheambientairwillresultto:
A. Anthracosis
C.progressivemassivefibrosis
B. coalworkerspneumoconiosis
D.anyoftheabove
th
DiseasesofInfancy&Childhood
25.
Theleadingcauseofdeathinchildrenbetween514yearsofageis:
A. malignantneoplasm
C.injuriesresultingfromaccidents
B. congenitalanomalies
D.cardiacdiseases
26.
Thehighestatriskperiodforintrauterinecytomegalovirusinfection:
A. 1sttrimesterofpregnancy
C.3rdtrimesterofpregnancy
nd
B. 2 trimesterofpregnancy
D.alloftheabove
th
27.
Organogenesisiscompletedby:
A. 2ndtrimesterofpregnancy
B. theendof2ndtrimester
C.theendof1sttrimester
D.themiddleof1sttrimester
43
TheHeart
28.
Complicatedoradvancedatherosclerosiswouldmostlikelyaffectthisportion
ofthebloodvessel:
A. intimaonly
C.intimaandadventitia
B. intimaandmedia
D.adventitia
th
Robbins7 editionp517520.
29.
Abiopsyofthefemoralarteryrevealedcalcificationinthemediawouldbe
compatiblewith:
A. acceleratedhypertension
B. youngindividuals,usuallymale
C. usualcomplicationofischemiaandgangrene
D. noneoftheabove
th
30.
AvasculartumorassociatedwithAIDSis:
A. Lymphaniosarcoma
C.Angiosarcoma
B. Kaposissarcoma
D.Hemangiopericytoma
th
WBC,LymphnodesandSpleen
31.
Starryskypatternoflymphnodeischaracteristicof:
A. Burkittslymphoma
C.Histiocyticlymphoma
B. Hodgkinslymphoma
D.Sezaryssyndrome
32.
LacunarcellsarecharacteristicsofthistypeofHodgkinsdisease:
A. lymphocyticpredominance
C.mixedcellularity
B. lymphocytedepletion
D.nodularsclerosis
th
Robbins7 editionp.686&688
33.
ThemostcommontypeofHistiocytosisXininfantsis:
A. eosinophilicgranuloma
C.letterersiwesyndrome
B. handschullerchristiandisease
D.unifocallangerhanscellhistiocytosis
34.
Sinushistiocytosisarenormallyseeninnodesdraining:
A. infection
C.drugabuse
B. cancers
D.immunologicdisorders
35.
Apatientpresentswithhemoptysisandacuterenalfailure.Adiagnosisworth
consideringinthisclinicalpictureis:
A. Asbestosis
C.Goodpasturessyndrome
B. primaryatypicalpneumonia
D.tuberculosis
th
RespiratorySystem
36.
Alpha1antitrypsindeficiencyisassociatedwith:
A. panlobularemphysema
C.Wegenersgranulomatosis
B. anthracosis
D.bronchogeniccarcinoma
th
37.
Enlargementofpulmonaryalveolarspaceswithdestructionofseptalwallsis
seenin:
A. chronicbronchitis
C.pulmonaryinfarction
B. emphysema
D.alveolarproteinosis
44
38.
Achestxraythatshowsashaggycavitywithathickirregularborderand
satellitedensitiesintherightlowerlobeismostcompatiblewith:
A. bronchogeniccarcinoma
C.abscess
B. tuberculosis
D.histoplasmosis
GIT
39.
Whichstatementaboutesophagealcancerisfalse?
A. itisusuallyofsquamouscelltype
B. mostcommoninthedistalportion
C. primarilyadiseaseofelderlymales
D. characterizedbydysphagiaandpainlessweightloss
th
40.
Macrophageswithpositiveperiodicacidschiffstainingmaterialinintestinal
laminapropiaandlymphnodesarecharacteristicallyfoundin:
A. Wilsonsdisease
C.Whipplesdisease
B. Elevatedserumgastrinlevels
D.Gardenerssyndrome
41.
TheMalloryWeisssyndromeisduetolacerationinthemucosaofthe:
A. Esophagus
C.Pylorus
B. Stomach
D.Smallintestine
th
42.
CarcinomaoftheGITwouldbeexpectedtooccurwithgreatestfrequencyin
patientswith:
A. familialpolyposisofthecolon
C.Crohnsdisease
B. villousadenomaofthecolon
D.gastriculcer
Liver,Biliary&Pancreas
43.
Chronicobstructionofthecysticductresultstodevelopmentof:
A. Choledochalcyst
C.Hydropsofthegallbladder
B. Porcelaingallbladder
D.Carcinomaofthegallbladder
44.
Whichofthefollowingcondition(s)increase(s)theriskofbileduct
carcinoma?
A. Choledochalcyst
C.Hydropsofthegallbladder
B. Porcelaingallbladder
D.Choledocholithiasis
th
45.
Carcinomaofthepancreas:
A. occursmostofteninthebodyofthepancreas
B. isassociatedwithhypocalcemia
C. arisesfromthepancreaticductalcells
D. isusuallycuredbytotalpancreatectomy
th
46.
Theleastcommontypeofgallbladdercalculiare:
A. purecalciumbilirubinate
C.purecholesterol
B. purecalciumcarbonate
D.mixedstone
47.
Cholelithiasisismainlydueto:
A. Infection
B. supersaturationofbilewithcholesterol
C.bilestasis
D.inflammation
45
Kidney
48.
Inadditiontonephriticinjury,theothermaincauseofacutetubularnecrosisis:
A. Sepsis
C.severehypocomplementemia
B. Ischemia
D.immunecomplexdeposition
49.
Ofthecomplicationsofacutepyelonephritisenumeratedbelow,onedoesnot
belong:
A. retroperitonealabscessformation
C.acuteepisodesofparoxysmalHPN
B. renalpapillarynecrosis
D.pyonephrosis
th
50.
Oftheriskfactorsforpyelonephritisenumeratedbelow,onedoesnotbelong:
A. diabetesmellitus
B. malesex
C. congenitalabnormalitiesoftheurinarytract
D. pregnancy
th
51.
Chronicrenaldisease,pheochromocytoma,Connssyndrome,coarctationof
theaortaandacromegalyareallconditionsthatmayleadto:
A. venousthrombosis
C.Wegenersgranulomatosis
B. hypersensitivityvasculitis
D.hypertension
th
LowerUrinaryTract&MaleGenitalSystem
52.
Nestsofurotheliummaybefoundinthelaminapropiaoftheurinarybladder
representingnormalvariationinthemorphologyofthebladder.Thesenests
ofurotheliumarecalled:
A. Brunnersnests
C.Brunnsnests
B. Burneysnests
D.Burnersnests
53.
Anewbornbabywasnotedtopassouturinethroughasmallopeninginthe
areaoftheumbilicus.Thisismostprobablydueto:
A. Urachalcyst
C.Exstrophyofthebladder
B. Patenturachus
D.Anyoftheabove
th
54.
Thefollowingiscausedbyhumanpapillomavirustype6(HPV6):
A. Giantcondyloma
C.condylomalata
B. Condylomaacuminatum
D.alloftheabove
FemaleGenitalTract
55.
Themajorityofovarianneoplasmsarisefrom:
A. germcells
C.sexcordstroma
B. surfaceepithelialcell
D.metastaticfromGIT
th
56.
Themostcommonsiteofendometriosis:
A. fallopiantube
C.rectovaginalseptum
B. ovary
D.vagina
57.
Choriocarcinomaismostoftenprecededby:
A. abortion
C.normalpregnancy
B. ectopicpregnancy
D.H.mole
46
58.
Themostcommonprimarymalignanttumoroftheovary:
A. endometrioidcarcinoma
C.serouscystadenocarcinoma
B. mucinouscystadenocarcinoma
D.yolksactumor
th
Breast
59.
Cordlikeductsfilledwithnecroticandcheesytumoroustissuethatcanbe
readilyextrudeduponpressureisseenin:
A. mucinouscarcinoma
C.medullarycarcinoma
B. comedocarcinoma
D.pagetsdiseaseofthebreast
th
60.
Sitesofmetastasesofcystosarcomaphyllodesareusually:
A. axillarylymphnodes
C.liver
B. lungsandbone
D.brain
61.
Themostfrequentsiteofbreastcanceris:
A. lowerinnerquadrant
C.upperouterquadrant
B. upperinnerquadrant
D.subareolar
Endocrine
Fornumbers87to89
62.
Afemalepatientpresentedwithmoonfacies,truncalobesityandhisrutism.
Plasmacortisolwaselevated.Thesefeaturescharacterize:
A. Connssyndrome
C.WaterhouseFriderichsensyndrome
B. Cushingssyndrome
D.OnlyB&Carecorrect
th
63.
IfyoususpectthepresenceofCushingssyndrome,youshouldperforma:
A. lowdosedexamethasonetest
B. highdosedexamethasonesuppressiontest
D. neitherAnorBiscorrect
64.
IfthiswereCushingssyndrome,onewouldexpect:
A. suppressionofcortisolsecretion
C.nosuppressionofcortisolsecretion
B. suppressionofACTHsecretion
D.onlyA&Barecorrect
Robbins7theditionp.1162,p.12071209
65.
Suppressionofcortisolsecretionwithhighdosedexamethasonesuppression
testindicatesthepresenceof:
A. anadrenalneoplasm
C.pituitaryACTHexcess
B. ectopicACTHsyndrome
th
Skin&Musculoskeletal
66.
Whichofthefollowingisasecondarylesion?
A. wheal
C.erosion
B. pustule
D.bulla
th
67.
Psoriaticpatientstypicallydevelopsilvery:
A. excoriations
C.papules
B. scales
D.pustules
th
47
68.
Apatientpresentswithvesiclesontheleftsideofhistrunk.Asimplelab
proceduretodotosupportadiagnosisofherpeszosteris:
A. gramstain
C.Tzancksmear
B. KOHstain
D.Patchtest
th
69.
Oneoftheetiologicfactorsinacneisthe:
A. Pityrosporum
C.Propionibacterium
B. Staphylococcus
D.Enterococci
th
70.
ThepaucibacillarytherapyforHansensdiseaseis:
A. Rifampicin600mgOfloxacin400mgMinocycline100mgdailyfor6
months
B. Rifampicin600mgonceamonthfor6monthsDapsone100mgdaily
for6months
C. Rifampicin600mgonceamonthfor2yearsDapsone100mgdailyfor2
yearsClofazimine50mgdailyfor2years
D. Rifampicin600mgonceamonthfor6monthsDapsone100mgdailyfor6
monthsClofazimine50mgdailyfor6months
th
71.
Achildpresentswithanarrayofmacules,papules,vesicles,andbullae,
reddish,withpaleerodedcenterinvolvingtheextremities,lipsandoral
mucosainasymmetricpattern.Therewasintakeofpenicillinand
sulfonamidesforurinarytractinfection.Thepatientmostlikelyhas:
A. erythemamultiforme
C.lichenplanus
B. psoriasis
D.porphyria
NervousSystem
72.
Mostcommonprimarymalignantbraintumor:
A. Medulloblastoma
C.Ganglioneuroma
B. glioblastomamultiforme
D.ependymoma
73.
Histologiccriteriaforglioblastomamultiforme:
A. vascularendothelialproliferation
B. anaplasia
D. neither AnorBiscorrect
74.
Medulloblastomamostfrequentlyoccursin:
A. age60andabove
C.children&youngadults
B. middleadulthood
D.noagepredilectionisobserved
75.
Tuberculomainchildrenfrequentlyoccursin:
A. Supratentorial
C.Posteriorfossa
B. Infratentorial
D.Transtentorial
th
CHOOSETHEBESTANSWER:
_____1.Whichcelladaptationisachievedbydecreasingcellularactivityandreducing
numberandsizeofcellularorganelles?
A. Atrophy
B.Hyperplasia
C.Hypertrophy
D.Metaplasia
_____2.Inhypertrophy,atwhatpointofthecellcycleisblocked?
48
A.StoG0
B.S
C.G0toG1
D.MtoG0
_____3.Whichmechanismexplainstheinitialreductioninsizeofanorganundergoing
atrophy?
A.Apoptosis B.AutolysisC.AutophagyoforganellesD.Extrusionof
organelles
_____4.Inhyperplasiaoftheskin,whichstratumentersthecellcycle?
A.Basale
B.Granulosum
C.Lucidum
D.Spinosum
_____5.Whichofthefollowingsubstancesdisruptthesteadystateandcausescell
swelling?
A.Calcium
B.Chloride
C.Potassium
D.Sodium
_____ 6. Accumulation of lactic acid due to anoxia stops the synthesis of proteins by
disruptingwhichcellularstructure?
A. Cellmembrane
C.MitochondrialDNA
B. Endoplasmicreticulum
D.NuclearDNA
_____7.Abscessoftheliverisaformofwhichtypeofnecrosis?
A.Caseous
B.Coagulative
C.Gangrenous
Liquefactive
D.
_____8.Whichfacilitatesthedegradationofdenaturedproteinthatisbeyondrepairto
preventfurtherinjurytothecell?
A.Caspases
B.Chaperones
C.Laminin
D.Ubiquitin
_____9.Transplantationoforgansbetweentwoidenticaltwinsiscalled:
A. Allograft
B.Autograft
C.Isograft
D.Xenograft
____10.Whichofthefollowingisanessentialcomponentofneoplasia?
A. Autonomicgrowth
C.Largemass
B. Excessiveproliferationofcells
D.Rapidgrowth
_____ 11. The deposition of calcium salts and other mineral salts in vital tissue that
reflectsderangementincalciummetabolismandhypercalcemiaiscalled:
A. Apoptoticcalcification
C.Gangrenouscalcification
B. Dystrophiccalcification
D.Metastaticcalcification
_____12.Morphologically,amalignanttumorispoorlydifferentiatedwhenthereis:
A. Markedlyhyperchromaticnuclei
C.Totallostofnormalfunctionof
cells
B. Poorresemblancetocelloforigin
D.Veryhighnucleocytoplasmic
ratio
_____13.Whichofthefollowingisadefinitesignofmalignancy?
A. Compressionofadjacentstructures
C.Metastasis
B. Infiltrativegrowth
D.Vascularinvasion
_____14.Rasoncogenequalitativelychangesfunctionofprotooncogenethrough
whichformofmutation?
A.Deletion
B.Geneamplification
C.Pointmutation
D.
Translocation
_____15.IntheTNMstagingsystem,Mstandsforwhichofthefollowing?
A. Metastasistodistantsites
C.Probablemortality
B. Probablemorbidity
D.Regionallymphnodemetastasis
_____ 16. Which of the following increases the cells ability to adapt and survive
prolongedenvironmentalchanges?
A. Anaerobicrespiration
C.Subdivisionandmultiplication
B. Enteringthecellcycle
D.Synthesisofgrowthfactorreceptors
49
_____17.Whichistheuniquecharacteristicofinnateimmuneresponse?
A. Macrophagesplayadominantrole
B. MaincellularcomponentsaretheTlymphocytes
C. Mainhumoralcomponentsaretheinterferons
D. Memorycellsareproduced
_____18.Therepaircomponentofhealinginvolvesprincipallywhichofthefollowing?
A. Formationofsupportingconnectivetissue C.Removalofcellulardebris
B. Regenerationofparenchymalcells
D.Synthesisofbasement
membrane
_____19.Inacuteinflammation,scarformationisprimarilyduetothepresenceof:
A. Antigenthatisnotreadilydigested
B. Infection
C. Largeareasofnecrosisandexudateformation
D. Oxygendeprivation
_____20.Theformationofgiantcellsinagranulomatousinflammationisforthe
purposeof:
A. Acquiringfasteramoeboidmovementtorunaftertheoffendingagent
B. Acquiringgreatercapabilityforphagocytosis
C. Formingabarrieraroundtheoffendingagent
D. PresentingmoreefficientlytheantigenMHCcomplex
_____21.Whichstatementbestexpressestheconceptofchronicinflammation?
A. Acquiredimmuneresponse
B. Inflammatoryresponsefollowingacuteinflammation
C. Persistenceofstimuluswithprolongedinflammationandrepair
D. Resultofafailedacuteinflammatoryresponse
_____22.Ininnateimmuneresponse,theantiviralactivityofinterferonreducesthe
synthesisof:
A. HostandviralDNA
C.Hostproteinsintheribosomes
B. HostandviralmRNA
D.Viralcellmembraneproteins
_____23.Theultimategoalofhomeostasisinapersistentlychanginginterstitialmilieu
isto:
A. Inducecelldivision
B. Limitentryandexitofsubstancesintothecytosol
C. Maintainconstancyinthecytosoltoensurephysiologicfunction
D. Removecellsthatcannotadapt
______24.Agingcausescelldamageanddeaththroughwhichmechanism?
A. Accumulationofintracellularcalcium
B. IncreasingligandsforFasordeathreceptor
C. MutationofnuclearDNA
D. Productionofoxygenderivedfreeradicals
_____25.Thepathogenesisofcoagulationnecrosisis:
A. Actionofpowerfulproteolyticenzymesfromlysosomesandinflammatorycells
B. ActivationoftheFasordeathreceptor
C. Inactivationofautolyticorintracellularenzymesanddehydrationwithoutcell
decomposition
D. Rapidentryofwaterandcalciumwithsaponificationofcellularcontents
_____26.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesdysplasiainthecontextofbiological
growth?
A. CellsthatlostabilitytoentertheG0phaseofcellcycleandareperpetuallyinthe
cycle
B. Lossofdifferentiationand/ormaturationofincreasingnumberofcells
C. Lossoffunctionofincreasingnumberoffullydifferentiatedcells
D. Malignantcellsthatalreadypossessinvasivecapabilitiesbutarestillintheresting
phaseofthecellcycle
50
_____27.Gravesdiseaseiscausebywhichofthefollowingimmunologicreactions?
A. Activationofnaturalkillercellsduetocomplimentfixationonthefollicular
cells
B. Destructionoffolliclesbyautoantibodiesagainstthyroglobulin
C. DestructionoffolliclesbyTclymphocytesandsubsequentexcessivereleaseof
thyroidhormones
D. ExcessiveproductionofIgGthyroidstimulatingantibodiesduetodefectintheTs
lymphocytes
_____28.Whichistheinitialstepintransudateformation?
A. Decreasedplasmaoncoticpressure
C.Increasedinterstitialosmotic
pressure
B. Increasedhydrostaticpressure
D.Increasedvascular
permeability
_____29.Thekeymechanismofapoptosisis:
A. CessationofmRNAsynthesis
B. CoilingofDNAchromatin
C. DNAfragmentationbyendonucleaseactivation
D. Nonspecificdegradation&randomDNAcleavage
_____30.Whichofthefollowingmakeshomeostasispossibleinthebodysystems?
A. Internalenvironmentalwaysconstant
B. Physiologicfeedbackmechanism
C. Tendencyofbodysystemtobeinequilibrium
D. Tendencyofbodysystemtobeinsteadystate
_____31.Whichisthemechanismbywhichaninfectiousagentmaytriggeran
autoimmunedisease?
A.Infectiousagenthasasimilarantigenicstructureasselfantigenandthe
resultingimmuneresponsecrossreactswithselfantigen.
B.InfectiousagenttriggersprematurereleaseofTlymphocytesfromthethymusstill
possessingreceptorstoselfantigens
C.InfectiousagenttriggersmacrophagestorandomlypresentantigenstotheT
lymphocytesandbychancepresentanantigenthatissimilartoselfantigen.
D.InfectiousagentsuppressesthesuppressorTlymphocytesthusgivingtheThelper
lymphocytethefreedomtoreacttoanyantigenincludingselfantigen.
_____32.ATypeIhypersensitivityreactionduetotheintakeofanantibioticcan
immediatelykillapersonbecauseof:
A. Cellularswellingoftheliningepitheliumwithparalysisofthecilia
B. Constrictionduetoedemaoftheinterstitialtissue
C. Necrosisanddesquamationoftheliningepithelium
D. Spasmofthesmoothmusclesandincreasedmucusglandsecretion
_____33.Thepointofirreversibilityofcelldamageisevidentultrastructurallybythe
presenceofwhichofthefollowing?
A. MarkedswellingofmitochondriaandclumpingofmitochondrialDNA
B. Numerousfracturesandbreakupsofmembranesofcellandsaccular
organelles
C. Polyribosomecomplexesdispersedintosingleribosome
D. TightcoilingofnuclearDNAthreads
_____34.Inaninjuredliver,growthfactorsultimatelycauselivercellsto:
A. Deactivatethecyclindependentkinasecomplexesthusshorteningthecellcycleso
thatmorecellsareproducedwithinashortertime
B. Deactivaethep53suppressorgenesotatnodelayinDNAsynthesisoccurs
C. Enterandcompletethecellcycle
D. Growinsizedbyincreasingthecytoplasmicorganelles
_____35.Solublefactor(e.g.TNF)releasedbyinflammatoryandtumorcellsare
believedtocausecancercachexiathroughwhichofthefollowingmechanisms?
A. DivertTPofnormalcellstomeetincreasedenergyneedsoftumorcells
B. Increasetumorneedsforessentialnutrientsattheexpenseofnormalcells
C. Interferewithnormalcellmetabolismandmetabolismofessentialnutrients
D. Suppressdesireforfoodbyactingonthepituitary
51
_____36.Inthevascularphaseofacuteinflammation,theinterstitialosmoticpressure
progressivelyincreasesduetotheincreasingamountof:
A. Lymphaticflowresultinginreducedinterstitialfluid
B. Neutrophils
C. Plasmaproteins
D. Proteinaceousdebrisfromdeadbacteria
_____37.Inanacquiredimmuneresponsetoaspecificantigen,thereactiontoa
secondexposureusuallytakesamuchshortertimecomparedtothefirstexposure
becauseofwhichofthefollowing?
A. Afterinitialexposure,allTlymphocytesdevelopreceptorstotheantigenandare
readytoreacttoasecondexposure
B. MemoryTlymphocytescommittedtothatantigenarealreadypresent
C. MemoryTlymphocytescontinuetorecruituncommittedTlymphocyteseveninthe
absenceoftheantigen
D. RecruitmentofuncommittedTlymphocytesisfasterinthesecondexposure
_____38.ThedifficultyinproducinganeffectivevaccineagainstHIVisduetowhichof
thefollowing?
A. Thefrequentenzymaticerrorsintranscription,whichmakecopiesifthevirus
RNA,resultsindifferentstains
B. TheexactstructureoftheHIVhasnotbeendeterminedyet
E. Forsomeunknownreasons,Thlymphocytesdonothavethereceptorsforthisvirus,
andso,cannotbeactivatedtoinitiateanimmureresponse
F. ItisdifficulttoisolatetheantigenofanRNAvirus
_____39.Patientsonanticancerchemotherapyarehighlysusceptibletoinfections
becauseof:
A. Markeddiminutioninthenumberofcellsoftheinnateandacquiredimmune
response
B. Susceptibilityoflivertodruginjuryresultingindiminishedcomplementproduction
C. Toxicityofthedrugscausestheneutrophilstoloseitsphagocyticactivity
D. ToxicityofthedrugsimpairstheproductionofMHCbymacrophages
_____40.Coagulationnecrosiscanbeseeninsometypesofbacterialandfungal
infectionwhenthereis:
A. Growthandmultiplicationoftheorganisminthebloodresultinginobstruction
tobloodflow
B. Markededemaformationresultinginthecompressionofarterioles
C. Productionoflargeamountoftoxinsandenzymesbythemicroorganismresultingin
denaturationofintracellularproteins
D. Suppurationresultinginthedestructionofbloodvessels
_____ 41. The basal cell changes seen in reflux esophagitis is an example of this
adaptivechange:
A.Atrophy
B.Hyperplasia
C.Hypertrophy
D.Metaplasia
_____42.Theformationofesophagealvaricessecondarytocirrhosisisprimarilydue
to:
A.Activecongestion B.Passivecongestion
C.Thrombosis
D.
Embolism
_____43.Inmegacolon,theaganglionicsegmentisinwhichportion:
A. Transversecolon
B. Distendedportion
C. Nondistendeddistalsegment
D. Nondistendedsegmentproximaltothedistension
_____44.Thelesionofcholeraisatmostwhichofthefollowing:
A.Congestionandedema B.Erosions C.Hemorrhage
D.Suppurative
inflammation
_____45.Thereasonthetyphoidlesionisusuallyseenintheileumisthat:
A.Absorptionisgreatestinthissegment
52
B.Intestinalcontentsislessliquidandalkaline,thusfavoringbacterialgrowth
C.Itisthelongestsegment
D.Largeramountoflymphoidtissueorganizedintonodules
_____46.Theinflammatoryreactionseenintyphoidileitisiscomposedmostlyof:
A. Eosinophils
B. Mononuclear cells
C. Neutrophils
D. Plasma
cells
_____47.Theulcersofamebiasisareinitiallyflaskshapedbecause:
A. Fibrosis causes the upper portion of the mucosa adjacent to the ulcer to slowly
approximateeachotherovertheulcer
B. Ischemiacausesthelowerthirdofthemucosatodiefirst
C. Trophozoites penetrate the mucosa but do not penetrate the muscularis
propria
D. Upperthirdofthemucosaadjacenttotheulcerregeneratesabovetheulcer
_____48.Theessenceofadenomasofthegastrointestinaltractis:
A.Disorganizedbenignglands
C.Hamartomatousgrowth
B.Dysplasticglandularepithelium
D.Polypoidmucosaloutgrowth
_____49.Coloniccarcinomaismostcommonatthisportion:
A. Cecum
B.Ascending
C.Descending
D.Rectosigmoid
_____50.Theprognosisofcoloniccarcinomaismoredependenton:
A.Ageofpatient
B.Gradeoftumor
C.Location
D.Stage
_____51.Theinflammatorylesionseeninacuteappendicitisisusuallyinitiatedby:
A. Bacterialinfection
C.Ischemia
B.Fecalmaterialwithinthelumen
D.Luminalobstruction
_____ 52. The thrombosis seen in the veins of hemorrhoids is primarily due to this
mechanism:
A.Accumulationofclottingfactors
C.Endothelialinjury
B.Deficiencyofplasmin
D.LocalizeddeficiencyofProteinCandS
_____53.Ininfectiveendocarditis,organismsoflowvirulencethatcauseinfectionina
previouslyabnormal,deformedvalvesisclassifiedas:
A.Acute
B.Chronic
C.Necrotizing
D.Subacute
_____54.Arighttoleftshuntbestexemplifiedbywhichofthefollowing?
A.ASD
B.PDA
C.TOF
D.VSD
_____55.Basalcellcarcinomaischaracterizedbywhichofthefollowing?
A. Aggressivetumor
B. Earlymetastasishematogenousspread
C. Locallyinvasiveandrarelymetastasizingtumor
D. Presenceofintercellularbridgesandkeratohyalin
_____56.Themostcommonprimarycanceroftheboneis:
A. Chondrosarcoma
C.Metastaticadneocarcinoma
B. Ewingssarcoma
D.Osteosarcoma
_____57.A10montholdinfantpresentedwithavaginalmass.Whatisthemostlikely
diagnosis?
A. Fibrosarcoma
C.Rhabdomyosarcoma
B. Liposarcoma
D.Synovialcarcinoma
_____58.Allsofttissuetumorsarepositivefor:
A.Cytokeratin
B.Desmin
C.S100
D.Vimentin
_____59.Whichisacharacteristicfindinginalcoholicliverdisease?
A. Alphafetoprotein
C.HbsAg
53
B. Groundglasshepatocytes
D.Mallorybodies
_____60.A24yroldmale,hoursafterexcessivefoodandalcoholintake,was
broughttotheER.Hewasmoaning,writhinginpain,andholdinghisabdomen.Serum
amylaseiselevated.Ifautopsyisdone,whichorganwillmostlikelyshownecrosis?
A.Liver
B.Pancreas
C.Spleen
D.Stomach
_____61.Redistributionofbodyfat,moonface,dorsalbuffalohumpandthin
extremitiessuggests:
A. Addisonsdisease
C.Cushingssyndrome
B. Connssyndrome
D.Sipplessyndrome
_____62.Crescentsformationseeninrenalbiopsystronglysuggests:
A. Membranousglomerulonephritis
C.Poststreptococcalglomerulomephritis
B. Minimalchangedisease
D.Rapidlyprogressive
glomerulonephritis
_____63.A28y/owomanpreentedwithfever,dysuria,urinaryfrequencyandflank
tenderness.UrinalysisshowedabundantWBCandbacteria.Themostlikelyetiologyis:
A.E.coli
B.H.influenzae
C.N.gonorrhea
D.Proteus
vulgaris
_____64.Coarseasymmetricrenalcorticomedullaryscarring,deformityoftherenal
pelvisandcalyces,atrophictubuleswitheosinophiliccastsallsuggest:
A. Acutepyelonephritis
C.Nephriticsyndrome
B. Chronicpyelonephritis
D.Nephroticsyndrome
_____65.A19yr.oldfemalestudentdevelopedacutepharyngitis.Throatculture
revealedS.pyogenes.Whichofthefollowingislikelytobeelevated?
A.Basophils
B.Eosinophils
C.Lymphocytes
D.
Neutrophils
_____66.Intestinalintussusceptioninolderchildrenandinadultsismostlikely
associatedwith:
A.Adenomatouspolyp
B.CholeraC.Crohnsdisease
D.
Typhoidileitis
_____67.Whichofthefollowinghashighestriskofdevelopingcolorectalcarcinoma?
A. Familialadenomatouspolyposis
C.PeutzJegherssyndrome
B. Hirschprungsdisease
D.Ulcerativecolitis
_____ 68. The erosions associated with acute gastritis is seen in this layer/s of the
stomach:
A.Mucosa
C.Mucosa,submucosa,andinnersmoothmuscle
layer
B. Mucosa and submucosa
D. All layers including the outer smooth muscle
layer
_____69.ThemostcommontypeofcarcinomaassociatedwithBarrettsesophagusis:
A.Adenocarcinoma
C.Leiomyosarcoma
B.Gastrointestinalstromaltumor
D.Squamouscarcinoma
_____70.Whichofthefollowingisanautosomaldeletiondisorder?
A. Criduchatsyndrome
B.Down'ssyndrome
C.Edward'ssyndrome
D.Patau'ssyndrome
_____71.Thelikelihoodthataclinicalconditionwilloccurwhenaparticulargenotype
ispresent:
A.Heterozygosity
B.Mosaicism
C.Penetrance
D.Polymorphism
____72.Inliquefactivenecrosis,destructionofthetissuemorphologyismainlydueto:
A. Bacterialtoxins
C.Inflammatorycells
B. Digestiveproteases
D.Pancreaticlipases
____73.Whichofthefollowingmorphologicchangesisirreversible?
54
A. Dysplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia D.
Neoplasia
___74.Inwhichconditionwillcaseationnecrosismostlikelyoccur?
A. Arterialbloodsupplyinterruptedbythrombus
B. InfectedwithMycobacteriumtuberculosis
C. InfectedwithPseudomonasaeruginosa
D. Lostinnervation
____75.DegradationofDNAtonucleosomesizedfragmentsischaracterisitcof:
A. Apoptosis
B.Dysplasia C.Liquefactivenecrosis
D.Metaplasia
____76.Invasiveductalcarcinomaintheupperouterquadrantoftherightbreastwill
likelymetastasizeto:
A.Brain
B.Contralateralbreast
C.Ipsilateralaxillarylymphnode D.
Lungs
____77.Infemales,mostcancerdeathsarecausedbymalignancyinthe:
A.Breast B.Colorectalsegment
C.Lung
D.Uterus
____78.Mostlikelyconditionthatahistologicallybenignneoplasmsmaybefatal:
A. Causeextensivebleeding C.Failtoinvokeimmuneresponse
B.Multifocallesions
D.Transformintocancer
____79.InthePhilippines,themostcommonformofimmunodeficiencyis:
A. AtaxiaTelangiectasia
C.Severecombined
immunodeficiency
B. Chronicgranulomatousdisease
D.Xlinkedagammaglobulinemia
____80.Anestheticaccidentresultinginlossofvasculartoneandperipheralpoolingof
bloodleadstowhichtypeofshock:
A.CardiogenicB.Hypovolemic C.Neurogenic D.Septic
____81.Whichistheinitialmechanismoftransudateformation?
A. Decreasedplasmaoncoticpressure
C.Increasedinterstitialosmotic
pressure
B.Increasedhydrostaticpressure
D.Increasedvascular
permeability
____82.Inacutecongestiveheartfailure,edemaofthelowerextremitiesisdueto:
A. Decreasedoncoticpressure
C.Na+accumulation
B.Increasedhydrostaticpressure
D.Pumpfailure
____83.Whichofthefollowingisareflectionofleftheartfailure?
A. Hepatomegaly
C.Pulmonaryedema
B. Pittingedema
D.Splenomegaly
____84.Ischemicinjurytothemyocardiumlastingfor15minutesleadsto:
A.Coagulativenecrosis
B.FatnecrosisC.GangreneD.Liquefactive
necrosis
____85.Theerosionofprogressivepulmonarytuberculouscavitarylesionsintonearby
pulmonarybloodvesselswouldpresentclinicallyas:
A.dyspneaB.hematemesisC.hemoptysisD.highgradefever
____86.Themechanismofadultrespiratorydistresssyndromeis:
55
A.Deficiencyinpulmonarysurfactant
microorganisms
B.Diffusedamagetoalveolarcapillarywall
C.Inflammatoryreactionto
D.Increasedhydrostaticpressure
____87.InthePhilippines,themostcommonsourceofinfectionwithpulmonary
tuberculosis:
A.Childrenwithundiagnosedprimaryinfection
B.Patientswithmiliarytuberculosis
C.Patientswithundiagnosedcavitarypulmonarytuberculosis(PTB)
D.PatientswithdiagnosedcavitaryPTB
____88.Whichtypeofradiationwouldbemostharmful?
A. Alphaparticles
B.Betaparticles
C.Gammarays
D.Xrays
____89.Exposuretoultravioletlightismostimportantindevelopmentof:
A. Basalcellcarcinomaoftheskin
C.Papillarycarcinomaofthethyroid
B. Squamouscellcarcinomaofthelung
D.Acutemyelogenous
leukemia
____90.Typeoflungcarcinomathatstronglycorrelateswithsmoking:
A. Adenocarcinoma
C.Mucinoustumor
B. Bronchoaleveolarcarcinoma
D.Squamouscellcarcinoma
____91.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesinvasiveductalcarcinomaofthebreast?
A. Aggressive,highlymetastasizing
B. Gelatinousconsistency
C. Mostcommoncanceramongmalesandfemales
D. Predominantlyhematogenousspread
____92.Whichcontributestothepathogensisofmalignantmelanoma,basalcell
carcinomaandsquamouscellcarcinomaoftheskin?
A. Previousirradiation
C.Prolongedcosmeticuse
B. Previoustrauma
D.Sunexposure
____93.Innephroticsyndrome,theedemaislikelydueto:
A.Inappropriatesodiumandwaterabsorption
A. Increasedsoluteresultinginwaterretention
B. Renalinsufficiencywithfluidaccumulation
C. Urinaryproteinlossduetoglomerularinjury
____94.WhichofthefollowingrelationshipsisaMISMATCHEDPAIR?
A.Colonicadenocarcinoma:Carcinoembryonicantigen
B.Prostaticadenocarcinoma:Humanchorionicgonadotropin
C.Puretesticularseminoma:Placentalalkalinephosphatase
D.Smallcellcanceroflung:Neuronspecificenolase(NSE)
____95.Inseverehepaticdisease,edemaresultsprimarilyfrom:
A. Hypocalcemia
C.Hypoproteinemia
B. Hyponatremia
D.Hypergammaglobulinemia
____96.Themostcommonpathologyinthegallbladderis:
A. Adenoma
B.Chronicinflammation
C.Fataccumulation D.Stone
formation
____97.Mostcommoncauseofsubarachnoidbleed?
A.AVmalformation B.Berryaneurysm
C.Hemangiona
Microaneurysm
____98.Sarcomasusuallymetastasizevia:
A.BloodstreamB.LocalextensionC.Lymphatics
invasion
D.
D.Perineural
____99.Inrabiesinfection,whereinthebrainisNegribodylocated?
A.BloodvesselB.Dura
C.Glialcells
D.Neuron
56
____100.Physiologicatrophyofthebraininan82yearoldmaleismainlydueto:
A.Denervationatrophy
B.Disuseatrophy
C.Lossofendocrinestimulation
D.Senileatrophy
answer
Question
page
Thecentralfactorinthepathogenesisofirrevsiblecellinjurywouldbe
A.mitochondrialdysfunction
B.membranedamage
C.cytoskeletalabnormalities
D.freeradicalformation
Whichwouldbetheconsequence(s)oftheoccuranceofmitochondrial
permeabilitytransition?
A.promotesATPproduction
B.increaseinthenumberofmitochondria
C.celldeath
D.A,B,C
12
Thepresenceofchalky,whiteareasintheadiposetissueinthe
abdominalcavitywouldbeinterpretedtobeassociatedwith:
A.activationofpancreaticamylasesintotheperitonealcavity
B.combinationoffattyacidsreleasedwithcalcium
C.histologicreactionofnumerouslipophages
D.A,B,C
18
Theultimatemechanismofsuddencardiacdeathis:
A.lethalarrhythmia
B.ischemiccardiomyopathy
C.dilatedcardiomyopathy
D.aorticvalvestenosis
564
Myxomatousdegenerationofthemitralvalveisassociatedwith:
A.prolapseofthemitralvalveintotheleftventricle
B.ischemicareasintheleftatrialseptum
C.fussionofthemitralcommissures
D.complicationofmitralinsufficiency
564
Inperipartumcardiomyopathy,thesystolicdysfunctionofthepatientis
associatedorexplainedby:
A.largeandflabbyheart
B.massiveventricularhypertrophywithoutdilatation
C.impairedventricularfillingduringdiastole
D.asymmetricseptalhypertrophy
580
Themostcharacteristichistologiclesionofacutepancreatitis
A.Neutrophilicinfiltration
B.Hemorrhage
C.Fatnecrosis
D.Necrosisofparenchyma
905
10
Mostimportantenvironmentalfactorforpancreaticcancer
A.Smoking
B.Hyperlipoprotenemia
C.Alcoholism
D.Viralinfection
910
11
Ritterdiseaseisalsoknownas
A.gasgangrene
B.Hidradenitissuppurativa
C.Staphylococcalscaldedskinsyndrome
D.Quinsysorethroat
367
12
Elephantiasisisassociatedwith
398
57
A.Onchocercavolvulus
B.Wuchereriabancrofti
C.Ancylostomaduodenale
D.Anyoftheabove
D
13
FungiwithinsmallcystsintheVirchowRobinperivascularspaceis
characteristicof
A.Mucor
B.Aspergillus
C.Pneumocystiscarinii
D.Cryptococcusneoformans
14
Differentialdiagnosisofachildwhopresentswithfever
A.malaria
B.dengue
C.poliovirusinfection
D.Anyoftheabove
380
389
383
373
15
Consequenceofleadexposure
A.memoryloss
B.lungfibrosis
C.asthma
D.cancerofnasalcavity
422
16
Indoorairpollutant
A.carbonmonoxide
B.sulfurdioxide
C.ozone
D.acidaerosol
418
17
Apatientwithhypochromic,microcyticanemiaisdeficientin
A.zinc
B.copper
C.selenium
D.iron
452
18
Achildcameinattheoutpatientdepartmentbecauseofgeneralized
edemaaccompaniedbyeasilypluckablehair,listlessness,andloss
ofappetite.Mostlikelysheissufferingfrom
A.anorexia
B.marasmus
C.kwashiorkor
D.bulimia
438
19
Traveler'sdiarrheaisassociatedwithwhatorganism
A.Salmonellatyphi
B.Campylobacterjejuni
C.Escherichiacoli
D.Shigella
808
20
AstlerCollerclassificationwhenthemalignantglandsinthecolonare
limitedtothemucosa
A.A1
B.A2
C.B
D.Noneoftheabove
835
21
Grosslyappearsasablindpouchontheantimesentericsideofthe
smallbowel
A.Hirschprungdisease
B.Meckeldiverticulum
C.Celiacsprue
D.Noneoftheabove
805
22
Informationtoelicitintheclinicalhistoryofapatientwith
799
58
gastriccarcinoma
A.fondnessforbarbecuedfoods
B.alcoholism
C.presenceofrelativeswithgastriccarcinoma
D.Anyoftheabove
D
23
Alcoholicpatientsmaymanifest
A.longitudinaltearsintheesophagogastricjunction
B.assquamouscellcarcinomaoftheesophagus
C.asacutegastritis
D.Anyoftheabove
24
SchillerDuvalbodyisassociated
A.thecomafibroma
B.dysgerminoma
C.yolksactumor
D.granulosathecatumor
25
Whichisanovariancyst?
A.serouscyst
B.follicularcyst
C.lutealcyst
D.Anyoftheabove
779
783
789
1076
1069
1066
1066
26
Differentialdiagnosisofapatientwithsessilemassesprojectinginto
theendometrialcavity
A.papillaryhidradenoma
B.polyp
C.lichensclerosus
D.Anyoftheabove
1058
27
A30yearoldfemalecomplainedoflossofconsciousness.Historyrevealed
thattheepisodeswereprecipitatedbyfasting.Laboratoryexamatthetime
ofattackshowedglucoselevelatlessthan50mg/dl.Thisisusuallyasso
ciatedwith
A.Gastrinoma
B.Insulinoma
C.Glucagonoma
D.Somatostatinoma
926
29
AnewborninfantwasbornwithahemolyticdiseaseduetoRHincompa
tibility.Whatisthemostseriousthreatinthisdisorder.
A.Anasarca
B.LiverCirrhosis
C.Pancreaticinsufficiency
D.Kernicterus
474
30
Themostcharacteristicrenalfindingindiabetesmellitus
A.Hyalinearteriolosclerosis
B.Nodularglomerulosclerosis
C.Acutepyelonephritis
D.Diffuseglomerulosclerosis
923
31
Mostfrequenttypeofhyperfunctioningpituitaryadenoma
A.Lactotrophadenoma
B.Corticotrophadenoma
C.Somatotrophadenoma
D.Gonadotrophadenoma
1125
32
A23yearoldfemalecomplainedofsorethroat,feverandmalaise.PE
revealedtender,enlargedthyroidgland.LabexamshowedincreasedT4and
T3,decreasedTSH.Themostlikelydiagnosisis
A.Gravesdisease
B.Hashimotothyroiditis
1135
59
C.DeQuervainthyroiditis
D.Reidelthyroiditis
B
33
ThemostcharacteristicmicroscopicfindingofRetinoblastomais:
A.HomerWrightrosettes
B.FlexnerWintersteinerrosette
C.Blastemacells
D.Rosenthalfibers
1373
34
Microscopicfeaturesofthislesionintheurinarybladderrevealed
infiltrationwithlargefoamymacrophageswithmultinucleatedgiantcells
interspersedwithlymphocytes.MichaelisGutmannbodiesarepresent
A.Malakoplakia
B.Tuberculosis
C.Cystitisglandularis
D.Acutesuppurativecystitis
1002
35
WhichofthefollowingisTRUEofPleomorphicadenoma
A.ThesearealsocalledAdenolymphomas
B.Therearethemostcommontumorsofthesalivarygland
C.Thesearehighlymalignanttumors
D.Occursmuchmoreofteninmales
770
36
Thisisahighlyvasculartumorofthenasopharyngealareathatoccur
almostexclusivelyinadolescentmales.Ithasabenignnaturebuthas
tendencytobleedprofuselyduringsurgery.
A.Neuroblastoma
B.Squamouscellcarcinoma
C.Angiofibroma
D.Invertedpapilloma
877
37
Step/sinphagocytosisenhancedbyopsonins:
A.Recognition&attachment
B.Engulfment
C.Killingordegradation
D.A&Bonly
62
38
Abnormalacquiredleukocytechemotaxisis/areseenin:
A.Anemia
B.Sepsis
C.Diabetesmellitus
D.B&Conly
65
39
Distinctivepatternofinflammationseenintuberculosis
A.Serous
B.Suppurative
C.Fibrinous
D.Chronicgranulomatous
83
40
Thebiologicbehaviourofmalignantmelanomaisdeterminedby:
A.Radialgrowthphase
B.Nature&extentofverticalgrowthphase
C.Degreeofpigmentation
D.All
1179
41
Themostcommonlyacceptedcauseofsquamouscellcarcinomaofthe
skinis:
A.Exposuretoultravioletlight
B.Exposuretoarsenic
C.Cutaneousscars
D.PUVA
1185
42
Thedetectionofthisantibodyisspecificforsystemicsclerosis:
A.Anticentromereantibody
B.AntiScl70
227
60
C.AntiDsDNA
D.AntiSm
C
43
ThereceptorusedbytheHIVstrainthatiseffectiveintransmittingthe
infection:
A.CCR4
B.CXCR4
C.CCR5
D.CXCR5
240
44
Bloodtransfusionreactionisanexampleofwhichmechanismof
hypersensitivityreaction?
A.TypeIVdelayedhypersensitivity
B.TypeIIcomplementdependent
C.TypeIIAbmediatedcellulardysfunction
D.TypeIIIimmunecomplexmediated
199200
45
Trueofclonalanergy:
A.FasFasLengagementleadingtoapoptosisofactivatedTcells
B.clonaldeletionofselfreactiveTcellsduringmaturation
C.Agispresentedbycellsnotbearingtheproperligandresultingtoa
negativesignal
D.suppressorTcellsdownregulatingtheotherTcells
213214
46
A53y/oG10P10(100010)femaleunderwenttransplantationoftheright
kidney.Thedonorkidneywastakenfromherhusband.Fifteenminutes
aftertransplantation,thetransplantedkidneybecomecyanotic,mottled
andflaccid.Whatisthemechanismofrejection?
A.directcellmediatedreaction
B.indirectcellmediatedreaction
C.Abmediatedreaction
D.thereisnograftrejection
207208
47
ThetrueneoplasticelementinHodgkindisease:
A.eosinophil
B.smudgecells
C.plasmacells
D.Reedsternbergcells
48
Leftenlargedaxillarylymphnodefroma45y/ofemalewithleftbreast
carcinomawouldlikelyshow:
A.paracorticalhyperplasia
B.follicularhyperplasia
C.sinushistiocytosis
D.histologicallynormal
49
Incisionbiopsyofasubmandibularmassofa6y/oAfricanboyrevealed
diffuseinfiltratesofintermediatesizedlymphoidcellswith"starrysky"
pattern.TumorcellsexpressCD19,CD10andsurfaceIgM.Givethe
probablediagnosis:
A.Burkitt'slymphoma
B.smalllymphocyticlymphoma
C.acutelymphoblasticlymphoma
D.follicularlymphoma
50
HypochromicMicrocyticRBCisseenin:
A.VitaminB12deficiency
B.Irondeficiencyanemia
C.Sicklecelldisease
D.Hereditaryspherocytosis
H619
51
Sucrosehemolysistestresultinapatientwithparoxysmalnocturnal
hemoglobinuria:
A.nohemolysis
H635
670
649650
662
61
B.<5%hemolysis
C.510%hemolysis
D.>10%hemolysis
A
52
Astillborninfantwithsevereedema,markedanemiaandhepatospleno
megalyshowslargequantitiesofHbBart's.Trueofthiscondition:
A.completeabsenceofalphachains
B.completeabsenceofbetachains
C.lagrequantitiesofHbA
D.smallquantitiesofHbF
H647
53
Angioblastsareinvolvedin:
A.angiogenesis
B.vasculogenesis
C.granulationtissueformation
D.tissueremodeling
103
54
VitaminCdeficiencyretardswoundhealingbecause:
A.infectionpersists
B.woundcontractionisinhibited
C.collagensynthesisisinhibited
D.exuberantgranulationoccurs
110
55
Increasedapoptoticactivitywill:
A.decreasethecellpopulation
B.increasecelldifferentiation
C.decreasecellproliferation
D.decreasecelldeath
90
56
Grossly,abreasttumorissoftwithanappearanceofpalegraybluegelatin.
Microscopically,largelobesoflightlystainingmucinwithfloatingneoplastic
cellsareseen.Whatisyourdiagnosis?
A.Schirouscarcinoma
B.Tubularcarcinoma
C.Medullarycarcinoma
D.Colloidcarcinoma
1112
57
Whichisacommonbenignlesioninmalebreast?
A.fibroadenoma
B.gynecomastia
C.fibrocysticchange
D.tubularadenoma
1117
58
WhichisTRUEinapatientdiagnosedwithinvasivelobularcarcinoma?
A.thetumorisalwaysunilateral
B.tumorfrequentlymetastasizetotheCSF
C.tumorcellsareconfinedtothelobule
D.prominentlymphoplasmacyticinfiltration
1111
59
Whatisthemostcommoncomplaintsoflungcancerpatients?
A.weightloss
B.chestpain
C.cough
D.dyspnea
745
60
Afemalepatientwithnoprevioussmokinghistoryisdiagnosedtohave
bronchogeniccarcinoma,whatisthemostprobablehistologictype?
A.oatcellcarcinoma
B.adenocarcinoma
C.squamouscellcarcinoma
D.largecellcaricnoma
745
61
Apatientpresentedwithenophthalmos,ptosis,&miosis.Hewaspreviously
diagnosedwithlungcancer.Whereisthemostprobablesiteofthetumor?
A.lowerlobe
747
62
B.middlelobe
C.apex
D.wholelung
C
62
Amalignantlungtumoris3cminsizewithoutpleuralinvolvement&hasipsi
lateralhilarnodeinvolvement,whatisthestageofthetumor?
A.Ia
B.Ib
C.IIa
D.IIb
745
63
Patchyconsolidationofthelungs&thepresenceofsuppurativeexudate
fillingupthebronchi,bronchioles,&adjacentalveolarspacesarecharacte
risticsseenin:
A.tuberculosis
B.lobarpneumonia
C.primaryatypicalpneumonia
D.bronchopneumonia
721
64
Theassociatedmolecularchangeintheevolutionofcolorectaltumorfrom
late
adenomatocarcinomaislossof
A.APCgenechromosome5q
B.p53chromosome17p
C.tumorsuppressorgenechromosome18q
D.rasgenechromosome12p
296
65
Migrationoftumorcellsininvasionofextracellularmatrixisfacilitatedby
A.metalloproteinases
B.thymosinB15
c.cadherin
D.betacatenin
302
66
HighriskHPVinvolveincervicalcarcinoma
A.HPV16
B.HPV6
C.HPV11
D.HPV4
311
67
Tumorsuppressorgeneinvolvedinbreastcarcinoma
A.p53
B.WT1
CAPC
D.BRCA1
286
68
Tumorcomposedofmorethanoneneoplasticcellstypefrommorethanone
germlayer
A.pleomorphicadenoma
B.fibroadenoma
C.Maturecysticteratoma
D.leiomyoma
261
69
EnzymedeficiencyinTaySacch'sdisease
A.HexosaminidaseA
B.Sphingomyelinase
C.Glucocerebrosidase
D.alpha1iduronidase
155
70
CharacteristicclinicalmanifestationofVonGierke'sdisease
A.painfulcramps
B.massivecardiomegaly
C.cafaulaitspots
D.hypoglycemia
160
71
MostthreateningfeatureofMarfan'ssyndrome
149
63
A.skeletalabnormality
B.ocularfindings
C.cardiovascularlesion
D.hyperextensibleskin
C
72
ClassIIImutationinFamilialhypercholesterolemiaisadefectin
A.transport
B.recycling
C.binding
D.synthesis
152
75
WhatisthemostcharacteristiccellfoundinRhabdomyoma?
A.EpithelioidHistiocyte
B.SpiderCell
C.MalloryCell
D.Langhan'sGiantCell
591
76
Associatedwithlittleornoproductionofthe427kDproteincalledDystrophin:
1281
1283
A.DuchenneMuscularDystrophy
B.MyotonicDystrophy
C.BeckerMuscularDystrophy
D.AandConly
A
77
Awhiteinfarct,incontrasttoredinfarct,isusuallyseeninorganswhichare:
A.solid
B.withdoublebloodsupply
C.infected
D.previouslycongested.
132
78
Patientswithleftsidedheartfailuremaydeveloppulmonaryedemabecause
of
whichofthefollowingmechanisms?
A.increaseoncoticpressure
B.increaseosmoticpressure
C.vascularpermeability
D.sodiumretention.
114116
79
A24yearsoldmaledrugabuserdevelopedSubacutebacterialendocarditis
involvingthemitralvalve.Thepatientlaterdevelopedasepticpulmonary
infarc.
throughaprocessknownas:
A.systemicthromboembolisation
B.pulmonarythromboembolisation
C.paradoxicalthromboembolisation
D.bacterialdissemination.
130
83
A57yearoldseamanwasadmittedbecauseofdysphagia,sternalpain,
dyspnea,andchroniccoughof6monthsduration.Hewastreatedforapenile
chancrefollowedbyfever,rashes,andlymphadenpathy30yearsago.
Mostpatientswiththislesiondieof:
A.cardiogenicshock
B.hypovolemicshock
C.sepsis
D.congestiveheartfailure
526
84
Themostcharacteristichistologiclesionintheglomeruliofpatientswith
Rapidlyprogressiveglomerulonephritisis:
A.focalhyalinosis
B.basementmembranethickening
C.crescentformation
D.hypercellularity.
951952
86
A28yearoldprimigravidahadhypotensiveshockbecauseofpostpartum
hemorrhage.Herurineoutputrangedfrom80200ml/24hours.The
969971
64
basickidneylesiontoexplainthisdecreasedurineoutputamongthese
patientsis:
A.Hemolyticuremicsyndrome
B.Obstructiveuropathy
C.Acutetubularnecrosis
D.Acutetubulointerstitialnephritis.
A
88
Histologicfindingsofmarkedlyenlargedhyperchromaticnuclei,arrangedin
disorderlyfashionwithincreasdmitosis,andconfinedwithinthebasement
membraneofthepenileskinisconsistentwith:
A.Bowen'sdisease
B.ErythroplasiaofQueyrat
C.Bowenoidpapulosis
D.Squamouscellcarcinoma.
1013
89
An8yearoldmalechildwasbroughttothehospitalfortesticular
enlargement.
Pertinentphysicalexaminationfindingsrevealedgynecomastia,withpubic
andaxillaryhairandhuskyvoice.Themostprobabletesticularlesionis:
A.Seminoma
B.Leydigcelltumor
C.Sertolicelltumor
D.Embryonalcellcarcinoma
1024
90
Foundinthehippocampusandpurkinjecellsofthecerebellumofpatients
with
Alziemer'sDisease
A.Cowdrybodies
B.Negribodies
C.Lewybodies
D.Hiranobodies
1331
91
CharacteristicofCNSneoplasia
A.metastasizeearly
B.majorityariseformneurons
C.siteismoreimportantthangrade
D.metastaticcancersareuncommon
1343
92
Hydrocephalusmayresultfrom
A.tuberculousmeningitis
B.decreasedbrainparenchyma
C.spaceoccupyinglesioninthebrain
D.allofthese
12989
96
Livercancerseeninyoungadultswithoutpredisposingfactors
A.cholangiocarcinoma
B.angiosarcoma
C.fibrolamellarHCC
D.hepaticadenoma
8901
98
Mechanismoftriglycerideaccumulationinmalnutrition
A.excessiveproduction
B.exogenousaccumulation
C.defectivetransport
D.decreasedenzyme
39
99
Proteinaccumulationincell
A.brownatrophy
B.Psammomabodies
C.Russellbodies
D.steatosis
41
100
MostcommoninitialoutcomeofacuteinflammationinPepticulcer:
A.Abscessformation
B.Healingthroughfibrosis
79
65
C.Progressiontochronicinflammation
D.Resolution
REFERENCE
RobbinsPathologicBasisofDiseasesbyCotran,Kumar,Collins6thedition
H=ClinicalDiagnosisandManagementbyLaboratoryMethodsbyHenrynineteenth
edition
1. Whichofthefollowingaccumulatesinthecytoplasmoflivercellsinsteatosis:
a. Sphingolipids
ans.d
p.25
b. phospholipids
c. cholesterol/cholesterolesters
d. triglycerides
2. Chalkywhiteappearanceofnecrotictissuesisseeninwhichofthefollowing:
a. caseationnecrosis
ans.c
p.1092
b. coagulationnecrosis
c. enzymaticfatnecrosis
d. liquefactionnecrosis
3. Obstructionofthebloodsupplytothebrainwouldleadtowhichtypeof
necrosis:
a. Caseation
ans.C
p.138
b. coagulation
c. liquefaction
d. enzymaticfatnecrosis
4. WhatisthecelloforiginoftheepitheloidcellandtheLanghansgiantcellseen
intuberculouslesion:
a. Neutrophils
ans.B
p.216
b. monocyte
c. lymphocyte
d. plasmacell
5. Adenocarcinomaoftheprostatetendstoinvolveinitiallywhichofthefollowing
lobesoftheprostategland:
a. Anterior
ans.B
p.1054
b. posterior
c. lateral
d. median
6. A60yearoldwomanpresentedwithpostmenopausalbleeding.DandCshowed
endometrialhyperplasia.Pelvicultrasoundshowedasolidmasssintheleft
overy.Totalabdominalhysterectomyandbilateralsalpingooophorectomywas
done.Thehistopathologicexaminationoftheleftovarywouldmostlikelyshow
whichofthefollowing:
a. Granulosecelltumor
ans.A
p.1102
b. Matureteratoma
c. Mucinouscystadenoma
d. Fibroma
7. MarkedthrombocytopeniaandaDIClikephenomenonareresponsibleforthe
unusuallyseverebleedingtendencyinwhichofthefollowing:
a. Acutelymphocyticleukemia
ans.C
p.693
b. Acutemonocyticleukemia
c. Acutemyelocyticleukemia
d. Acutepromyelocyticleukemia
8. Lacunarcellsareseeninwhichofthefollowing:
a. Hodgkinslymphoma
ans.a
p.646
b. NonHodgkinslymphoma
c. Plasmacelldyscrasia
d. Langerhanscellhistiocytosis
66
9. ThemostcommoncauseofdeathinMultipleMyelomais:
a. renalfailure
ans.c
p.664
b. widespreadmetastases
c. infection
d. bleeding
10. Plasmacellsarepredominantcellularinfiltratesinlesionsassociatedwithwhich
ofthefollowing::
a. Herpesvirus
ans.C
p.388
b. N.gonorrheae
c. .T.pallidum
d. HepatitisBvirus
11. KimmelstielWilsonslesionsindiabetesmellitusareseeninwhichofthe
following:
a. Eyes
ans.D
p.991
b. pancreas
c. liver
d. kidney
12. Diffuseinfiltrationoftheadrenalglandisapathologiclesionmostcommonly
associatedwithwhichofthefollowing:
a. Cushingssyndrome
ans.C
p.1215
b. WaterhouseFriederischensyndrome
c. Addisonsdisease
d. Connssyndrome
13. Thecellortissueoforiginofmostbreastcarcinomasisthe:
a. Stroma
ans.B
p.1130
b. Duct
c. Lobule
d. Acini
14. Incervicalcarcinoma,involvementofthelowerthirdofthevaginaiswhatstage.
a. I
ans.C
p.1077
b. II
c. III
d. IV
15. Whichofthefollowingisthemostlikelymediatorofpain:
a. Histamine
ans.B
p.68
b. Prostaglandin
c. Cytokine
d. Oxygenmetabolites
16. Inhealingbysecondaryintention,theresultantscarismuchsmallerthanthe
originalwoundbecauseofwhichofthefollowing:
a. Lessfibrinformation
ans.D
p.113
b. Removalofexudates
c. Moregranulationtissue
d. Woundretraction
17. ThefinalcommonpathwayofARDSiswhichofthefollowing:
a. Diffusedamagetoalveolarcapillarywalls ans.D
p.715
b. Deficientpulmonarysurfactant
c. Fibrinexudation
d. Formationofhyalinemembranes
18. Whichofthefollowingisthemostcommonpathwayfortheinitialrouteof
metastasisofcarcinomas:
a. directextension
ans.Dp.279
b. seeding
c. hematogenous
d. lymphatics
19. Whichofthefollowingarecharacteristicsofantemortemclots:
a. linesofZahn
ans.Ap.133
67
b. currantjellyclots
c. both
d. neither
20. Emboliofmajorveinsofthelegswilleventuallyplugsmallvesselsofwhichof
thefollowing:
a. pulmonarycirculation
ans.Ap.136
b. coronarycirculation
c. cerebralcirculation
d. systemiccirculation
21. Whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactorinthedevelopmentof
thrombosis:
a. Stasis
ans.Cp.130
b. turbulence
c. endothelialinjury
d. hypercoagulabilityofblood
22. Whichofthefollowingisthesubstancethatisresponsibleformassiveperipheral
vasodilatationinsepsis:
a. Cytokines
ans.Dp.72
b. oxygenderivedfreeradicals
c. fibrindegradationproducts
d. nitricoxide
23. Movementofleukocytestowardsthesiteofinjuryis:
a. Opsonization
ans.Bp.56
b. Chemotaxis
c. Diapedesis
d. Transmigration
24. Secondaryunionischaracterizedby:
a. Woundcontration
ans.Ap.113
b. Minimaltissueloss
c. Deathoflimitedcells
d. Smalldefect
25. CellswhichactasvehiclesinthetransportofHIVtotheotherpartsofthebody:
a. Monocytes
ans.Ap.248
b. Neutrophils
c. Lymphocytes
d. Plasmacells
26. Diffuseeffacementoffootprocessesischaracteristicof:
a. Idiopathicrapidlyprogressiveglomerulonephritis ans.B p.981
b. Lipoidnephrosis
c. IgAnephropathy
d. Lupusnephritis
27. Accumulationofcells,intheformofcrescents,inthebowmansspaceis
characteristicofwhichofthefollowing:
a. Focalsegmentalglomerulosclerosis
ans.C p.976
b. Membranousglomerulonephritis
c. Rapidlyprogressiveglomerulonephritis
d. Nephriticsyndrome
28. Hematuria,oliguriaandhypertensionindicateinvolvementofthe:
a. Glomeruli
ans.A
p.974
b. Tubules
c. Interstitium
d. Bloodvessels
29. Primarilyunconjugatedhyperbilirubinemiaisseeninwhichofthefollowing:
a. Viralhepatitis
ans.D
p.888
b. DubinHohnsonsyndrome
c. Biliarytractobstruction
d. Gilbertssyndrome
68
30. Theclassicdiagnosticfeaturesofcostovertebralpain,palpablemassand
hematuriasuggestthepresenceofwhichofthefollowing:
a. Renalcellcarcinoma
ans.A
p.1018
b. Wilmstumor
c. UrethelialCAoftherenalpelvis
d. UrinarybladderCA
31. ThemostimportanthistopathologicindicationofCNSinjuryis:
a. Rosenthalfibers
ans.B
p.1351
b. Gliosis
c. Neuronophagia
d. Corporaamylacea
32. Whichofthefollowingmarkersconferprotectionandformsthebasisforcurrent
vaccinationstrategies:
a. AntiHBe
ans.D
p.894
b. IgMantiHBe
c. IgGantiHBe
d. AntiHBsAg
33. Persistentinfectionandchronichepatitisarehallmarksofwhichofthefollowing:
a. HBV
ans.A
p.891892
b. HCV
c. CoinfectionwithHDVandHBV
d. HEV
34. H.pyloriisassociatedwithwhichofthefollowingconditions:
a. Barrettesophagus
ans.B
p.817
b. Pepticulcer
c. Refluxesophagitis
d. Curlingsulcer
35. Varicealdilatationoftheanalandperianalplexusesiscalled:
a. Angiodysplasia
ans.B
p.854
b. Hemorrhoids
c. Hemangioma
d. Arteriovenousmalformation
36. Whichofthefollowingisassociatedwithearlycyanosis:
a. Patentduotusarteriosus
ans.b
p.575
b. TetralogyofFallot
c. Ventricularseptaldefect
d. Atrialseptaldefect
37. Mostdeathsthatoccurduringacuterheumaticfeverarecausedbywhichofthe
following:
a. Streptococcalsepsis
ans.c
p.549
b. Pericarditis
c. Myocarditis
d. Endocarditis
38. Thefollowingareeffectsofagingintheheart,EXCEPT:
a. Brownatrophy
ans.b
b. bootshapedheart
c. sigmoidseptum
d. Lamblsexcrecences
p.519
39. Whichofthefollowingprimarilyaffectsthecerebralcortex:
a. Parkinsonism
ans.b
p.1329
b. Alzheimersdisease
c. Huntingtonsdisease
d. Friedrichataxia
40. Mostcasesofesophagealcarcinomasarelocatedinthe:
a. Upperthird
ans.b
p.765
69
b. Middlethird
c. Lowerthird
d. Gastroesophagealjunction
41. Gastrichypersecretion,pancreaticislettumor,pepticulcerdiseaseunresponsive
totreatmentandseverediarrheacharacterizewhichofthefollowing:
a. Insulinoma
ans.b
p.923
b. Gastrinoma
c. Multipleendocrineneoplasia
d. Glucagenoma
42. Hirschsprungsdiseaseusuallyinvolveswhichsegmentoftheintestine:
a. jejunum
ans.c
p.786
b. ileum
c. cecum
d. rectum
43. Thisiselevatedupto2weeksinacutepancreatitis:
a. Serumamylase
ans.c
p.901
b. Serumlipase
c. Urineamylase
d. Serumcalcium
44. Themostcommoncauseofdeathinpatientswithadvancedcervicalcarcinomais:
a. Uremia
ans.a
p.1053
b. Infection
c. Widespreadmetastasis
d. Bleeding
45. Strumaovariiisavariantofwhichofthefollowing:
a. Granulosacelltumor
ans.b
p.1072
b. Teratoma
c. Endodermalsinustumor
d. Dysgerminoma
46. Chronicnecrotizinginfectionofthebronchiandbronchiolesassociatedwith
abnormaldilationoftheairwaysis:
a. Bronchitis
ans.c
p.692
b. Emphysema
c. Bronchiectasis
d. Lungabscess
47. Themostfrequentmechanisminthedevelopmentoflungabscessis:
a. septicembolism
ans.b
p.699
b. aspirationofinfectedmaterial
c. postpneumoniccomplication
d. directtrauma
48. Whichofthefollowingistheclassicphysiologicfeatureofdiffuseinterstitial
lungdisease:
a. Increasedlungvolume
ans.a
b. Decreasedpulmonaryresistance
c. Limitedexpiratoryflowrates
d. Reductioninoxygendiffusingcapacity,lungvolumeorcompliance
49. Themostcommoncauseofhydrothoraxis:
a. Renalfailure
ans.b
b. Congestiveheartfailure
c. Nephriticsyndrome
d. Cirrhosis
50. Whichofthefollowingisseeninrickets:
a. Bowingofthebones
ans.a
p.729
p.417
70
b. Osteosclerosis
c. Normalgrowthzonesinmetaphysic
d. Pectusexcavatum
51. Theinvolucrumofosteomyelitisconsstsofwhichofthefollowing:
a. Necroticbone
ans.d
p.1230
b. Fromafocusinthepelvis
c. Drainingsinuses
d. Reactivebonearoundasequestrum
52. WhichofthefollowingiscorrectregardinghowTuberculousosteomyelitisarise:
a. spontaneously
ans.d
p.1231
b. fromafocusinthepelvis
c. fromafocusinthespinalcord
d. fromahematogenousdissemination
53. Whichofthefollowingisassociatedwithosteoporosis:
a. reducedphysicalactivity
ans.c
b. increasedparathyroidhormone
c. both
d. neither
p.12201221
54. Coupandcontrecoupinjuriesarecharacterizedbywhichofthefollowing:
a. infarctionofbraintissue
ans.d
p.1305
b. hemorrhageofbraintissue
c. lacerationofbraintissue
d. contusionofbrain
55. Inrabies,Negribodiesarefoundinwhichofthefollowing:
a. Hippocampus
ans.a
p.1320
b. temporallobes
c. hypothalamus
d. pons
56. Themostcommonsiteinvolvedinhypertensiveintracranialhemorrhageiswhich
ofthefollowing:
a. Thalamus
ans.c
p.1311
b. pons
c. putamen
d. cerebellum
57. Whatisthemostcommonrouteofentryofinfectiousorganismsinthecentral
nervoussystem:
a. directimplantation
ans.b
p.1314
b. peripheralnervoussystem
c. localextension
d. hematogenous
58. Theanteriorhornmotorneuronsofthespinalcordareprimarilyaffectedinwhich
ofthefollowingconditions:
a. cytomegalovirusinfection
ans.b
p.1320
b. poliomyelitis
c. toxoplasmosis
d. herpessimplexencephalitis
59. Scirrhouscarcinomasofthebreastareusually:
a. medullarycarcinomas
ans.b
b. ductalcarcinomas
c. mucinouscarcinomas
d. lobularcarcinomas
p.1103
71
60. Whichofthefollowingis/arecharacteristicmammographiccalcificationsin
breastcarcinomas:
a. Smaller
ans.d
p.1106
b. moretightlyclustered
c. morenumerous
d. alloftheabove
61. Whichofthefollowingisthemostcommoncauseoflumpinthebreast:
a. nodisease
ans.d
p.1091
b. cancer
c. fibroadenoma
d. fibrocysticdisease
62. Thecharacteristicflaskshapedulcersinamebiasisaremostfrequentlyseenin
whichofthefollowing:
a. ascendingcolon
ans.a
p.333
b. transversecolon
c. descendingcolon
d. rectum
63. WhatkindoforganismisPneumocystiscarinii:
a. Bacterium
ans.c
b. virus
c. protozoa
d. fungus
p.228
64. Pipestemfibrosisoftheliverisseeninwhichofthefollowing:
a. Syphilis
ans.c
p.372
b. tuberculosis
c. schistosomiasis
d. malaria
72

General PATHOLOGY

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General PATHOLOGY

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PATHOLOGY BOARD EXAMINATION

Instructions: Choose the best answer.

D. increased hydrostatic pressure

Reference: RPBD 7th p.447

Reference: RPBD 7th p.536

Reference: RPBD 7th p.1043

Reference: Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease 7th Edition

A 4year old male with nonhodgkins lymphoma presented with paraaotic

5. Macrophages are invariably found in abundance in inflammatory reactions. These

6. Orphan- Annie nuclei is a characteristic nuclear feature of this thyroid malignancy

9. The usual site of pancreatic malignancy is:

C. Puetz Jegher polyp

14. Which is true of chronic gastritis?

D. mucosa overhungs the

C. Squamous cell carcinoma

19. A gastric carcinoma that metastasize in the periumbillical area is called:

21. Most common location of gastric carcinoma

22. Nutmeg liver is the gross appearance of the liver in:

29. Absolute lymphocytosis, lymphoblasts, many small

mature lymphocytes in the

33. Loss of organizational, structural and functional differentiation of cell is known

36. Which of the following is the pre-cancerous lesion

Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 3, Page 113

53. Squamous cell carcinoma would normally spread via

56. Hemorrhagic infarct is the expected lesion in thromboembolism to:

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS

63. Usefullness of the Paps smear is seen in the following except:

72. The most common cause of intracerebral hemmorhage is:

C. Off shore drilling

78. Caisson disease is associated with this physical injury

For question number 80 to 83

Urinalysis showed the following findings:

specific gravity = 1.10 (1.015 1.022)

82. What is the expected immunofluorescence pattern in this case?

90. Most common primary malignant tumor of the bone

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