FOUNDATION STUDIES PROGRAMME

FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE
APRIL 2015
FINAL EXAMINATION
BIO 012N
BIOLOGY 2
DURATION: 3 HOURS
DATE:

APRIL 2015

TIME:

ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENT: NIL

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE:
1.
Answer ALL questions in SECTION A.
2.

Answer any TWO (2) out of FOUR (4) questions in SECTION B.

3.

You are permitted to use a non-programmable electronic calculator in this

examination.

4.

The number of marks is given in brackets ( ) at the end of each question

or part of given.
DO NOT REMOVE THIS EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER FROM THE
EXAMINATION HALL

SECTION A (60 Marks)

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April 2015
Answer ALL questions.

Question 1
Figure 1.1 shows a diagram of nephron structure.
D
B

I
K

C
H
J

F
E

G
Figure 1.1

(a)

Define excretion.
(2 marks)

(b)

Name the structure A, D, E, I, L.

(5 marks)

(c)

Describe any mechanism that occurs at G.

(2 marks)

(d)

Explain the role of the structure labelled L in the controlling the water content of
body fluid.
(2 marks)

(e)

The basement membrane of capsule stops large molecules such as blood cells from
getting through during ultrafiltration. State one reason for the presence of blood in the
urine.
(1 mark)
(Total: 14 marks)
Question 2
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Figure 2.1 shows the structure of a mammalian nerve cell.

Figure 2.1
(a)

Name the structures 1 to 4 and for each structure state its function.
(8 marks)

(b)

Describe the role of Ca2+ ions in the passage of impulses across a synapse.
(3 marks)

(c)

State three differences between nervous and hormonal communication in mammals

(6 marks)
(Total: 17 marks)

Question 3
Figure 3.1 shows the basic structure of flowers.
F
A

C
D

E
G

Figure 3.1
(a)

Name the parts labeled A to E.

(5 marks)
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(b)

April 2015

State one function of the following parts:

(i)
A
(ii)
C
(iii)
F
(3 marks)

(c)

Describe three structural features of an insect-pollinated flower.

(3 marks)

(d)

Banana plants produce a flower spike carrying both male and female flowers. The
female flowers of wild banana plants are pollinated by insects, resulting in fruits
containing many small, hard seeds.
Describe briefly the structural changes of a flowers ovary that result in the
development of a fruit, such as a banana.
(3 marks)
(Total: 14 marks)

Question 4
Graph 4.1 show changes in hormone concentrations during the menstrual cycle.

Graph 4.1
(a)

Name the structures that secrete:

(i)
FSH and LH
(ii)

Progesterone
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April 2015
(2 marks)

(b)

With reference to the hormonal patterns shown in Graph 4.1, describe the main roles
of the following hormones in the menstrual cycle:
(i)
FSH
(3 marks)
(ii)
Luteinizing hormone
(2 marks)
(iii)
Progesterone
(2 marks)
(Total: 9 marks)

Question 5
The bodys varying ability to resist infection by pathogens. Some people experience few or
no symptoms when exposed to certain infectious diseases. Even though they may be carrier
of disease to other people, they have immunity themselves.
(a)

Explain the terms antigen and antibody.

(2 marks)

(b)

Explain two differences between artificial active immunization (vaccination) and

artificial passive immunization.
(4 marks)
(Total: 6 marks)

SECTION B (40 marks)

(Answer any TWO (2) out of FOUR (4) questions only)

Question 6
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April 2015

(a) Explain what is meant by an endocrine gland, with reference to the islets of

Langerhans in the pancreas.

(6 marks)
(b) Describe the role of insulin and glucagon in the regulation of blood glucose
concentration.
(14 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

Question 7
The defence mechanism of the human body is divided into three lines of defence mechanism.
Elaborate on this point.
(Total: 20 marks)

Question 8
Write a short essay either about malaria or AIDS infectious diseases. You should include the
following points in your essay:
Transmission
Signs and Symptoms
Life cycle of parasites/virus
Methods of Diagnosis
Prevention
(Total: 20 marks)

Question 9
(a)

Define the term pollution, ecosystem, community and habitat.

(4 marks)

(b)

Describe the effects of human activities on ecosystem by using the example below,
- Deforestation
(16 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
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END OF EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER